Sabbath Regulations
Exodus 35:1-3
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Exo.35.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקהל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- עדת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעשת: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Exod.19.7 (verbal): Moses calls the people/elders and lays before them 'all these words which the LORD commanded'—close verbal and functional parallel in announcing God's commands.
- Exod.24.3 (verbal): 'Moses came and told the people all the words of the LORD'—same wording and context of Moses reporting divine commandments to the congregation.
- Deut.5.1 (structural): 'And Moses called all Israel, and said unto them...' —same structural pattern of assembling the whole people to declare statutes and judgments.
- Deut.31:10-11 (thematic): Later instruction to assemble 'all Israel' and read the law aloud—thematic parallel in communal reading/proclamation of God's commandments to the nation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Moses assembled all the congregation of the Israelites and said to them: These are the things that the LORD has commanded to be done.
- And Moses assembled all the congregation of the Israelites and said to them: These are the things that the LORD has commanded to be done:
Exo.35.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ששת: NUM,card,pl,cons
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- מלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וביום: CONJ+PREP
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def,ord
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבתון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- כל: DET
- העשה: VERB,qal,part,ms,sg,def
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יומת: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 20:8-11 (quotation): The Decalogue's Sabbath command — six days of work, a seventh day holy — provides the foundational legal formulation echoed in Exod 35:2.
- Exodus 31:14-15 (verbal): Near-verbatim restatement including the death-penalty for working on the Sabbath; reinforces the sanctity and sanction found in Exod 35:2.
- Numbers 15:32-36 (structural): Narrative case of a man found gathering wood on the Sabbath who is executed — an enactment of the penalty prescribed in Exod 35:2.
- Deuteronomy 5:12-15 (thematic): Restatement of the Sabbath command in the Deuteronomic law code; parallels the prohibition on work but gives a different rationale (remembrance of Israel's deliverance).
- Leviticus 23:3 (thematic): Prescribes a Sabbath rest and a holy convocation — echoes Exod 35:2's characterization of the seventh day as holy and set apart for the LORD.
Alternative generated candidates
- Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day it shall be holy to you, a Sabbath of complete rest to the LORD; whoever does work on it shall be put to death.
- Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day it shall be holy to you—a Sabbath, a sabbath of complete rest to the LORD; whoever does work on it shall be put to death.
Exo.35.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- תבערו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משבתיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ביום: PREP
- השבת: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Jer.17.21-22 (verbal): Contains an almost identical prohibition: 'neither kindle a fire in your dwellings on the sabbath day,' echoing the Exodus wording directly.
- Exod.20.8-11 (thematic): The Decalogue's command to keep the Sabbath holy and cease ordinary work provides the broader legal-theological context for prohibitions like not kindling fire.
- Deut.5.12-15 (thematic): Deuteronomy's restatement of the Sabbath law emphasizes cessation of labor and gives a different rationale (deliverance from Egypt), paralleling the Sabbath observance principle behind Exodus 35:3.
- Num.15.32-36 (thematic): Narrative account of a man found gathering wood on the Sabbath and punished for violating Sabbath rest; illustrates enforcement against Sabbath work (akin to kindling/using fire).
- Ezek.20.12-13 (thematic): God reminds Israel that the sabbath was given as a sign and condemns profaning it by work—a theological reflection paralleling the prohibition against activities (like kindling fire) on the Sabbath.
Alternative generated candidates
- You shall not kindle a fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day.
- You shall not kindle a fire in all your dwellings on the Sabbath day.
And Moses assembled all the congregation of the Israelites and said to them, These are the things that the LORD has commanded to be done.
Six days work shall be done, but on the seventh day it shall be holy to you: a Sabbath of complete rest to the LORD; whoever does work on it shall be put to death.
You shall not kindle a fire in all your dwelling places on the Sabbath day.