The Day of Atonement
Leviticus 16:1-34
Lev.16.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- מות: VERB,qal,infabs
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקרבתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וימתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 10:1-3 (verbal): Narrates the deaths of Nadab and Abihu (Aaron’s two sons) for offering strange fire; Lev 16:1 explicitly refers back to this event.
- Numbers 16:30-35 (thematic): Korah’s rebellion and the earth swallowing the presumptuous illustrates the theme that improper approach to God can result in immediate death, paralleling the consequence in Lev 16:1.
- Exodus 3:5 (thematic): God’s command to remove sandals because the ground is holy emphasizes the peril and holiness of approaching God—background theme to the warning implicit in the deaths of Aaron’s sons.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): Describes the high priest entering the Holy of Holies with blood once a year; the NT reflection presupposes the incident in Lev 16 (and the need for regulated priestly access) initiated after the deaths noted in 16:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the LORD and died.
- And the LORD spoke to Moses, after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they drew near before the LORD and died.
Lev.16.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אל: NEG
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפרכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הכפרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- הארן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- ימות: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- בענן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אראה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- על: PREP
- הכפרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 25:22 (verbal): God promises to speak/meet 'above the mercy seat' on the ark—same language locating God's presence on the kapporet (mercy seat) as in Lev 16:2.
- Exodus 40:34-35 (structural): The cloud/Glory of the LORD fills the tabernacle and Moses cannot enter—parallels Lev 16:2's warning that God appears in a cloud over the mercy seat and access is restricted.
- Leviticus 10:1-3 (thematic): Nadab and Abihu are struck dead for offering unauthorized fire before the LORD—illustrates the lethal danger of approaching God's holy presence improperly, which Lev 16:2 warns against.
- Leviticus 16:12-13 (verbal): Later verses in the same chapter prescribe the incense rite so that a cloud covers the mercy seat while the high priest approaches—directly clarifies how Aaron may enter without dying.
- Hebrews 9:3-7 (allusion): NT description of the Holy of Holies, the ark/mercy seat, and that only the high priest enters once a year with blood echoes and interprets the restrictions and ritual of Lev 16:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD said to Moses: Speak to Aaron your brother, that he must not come at any time into the sanctuary inside the curtain, before the atonement cover that is upon the ark, lest he die; for in the cloud I appear upon the atonement cover.
- And the LORD said to Moses: Speak to Aaron your brother, that he must not come at any time into the sanctuary, inside the curtain, to the front of the atonement cover that is on the ark, so that he not die; for in a cloud I will appear over the atonement cover.
Lev.16.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בזאת: PREP
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואיל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.16:6 (verbal): Direct continuation within the same ritual: Aaron is instructed to bring a bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering (repeats and details the same sacrificial pair).
- Lev.4:3 (thematic): Earlier law prescribing a young bull for a sin (purification) offering when the whole congregation or anointed priest sins — same sacrificial category (bull for sin offering).
- Lev.8:14 (structural): Aaron’s consecration narrative: he offers a bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering as part of priestly ordination, paralleling the pairing of offerings in Lev 16:3.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): NT reflection on the Day of Atonement ritual: the high priest enters the Holy Place with blood once a year for atonement — alludes to Aaron’s entry with sin-offering blood in Lev 16.
- Hebrews 9:12 (thematic): Presents Christ’s entrance into the heavenly sanctuary 'once for all' with his own blood to secure eternal redemption — theological fulfillment/appraisal of the priestly entrance with sacrifice in Lev 16:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- With this Aaron shall come into the sanctuary: with a bull of the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
- With this Aaron shall come into the sanctuary: a bull from the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
Lev.16.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כתנת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- בד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ילבש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ומכנסי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ובאבנט: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחגר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ובמצנפת: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יצנף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- את: PRT,acc
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ולבשם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+obj:3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 28:40-43 (verbal): Prescribes linen undergarments for Aaron and his sons (covering from hips to thighs) to wear when serving in the tent — parallels the linen tunic, drawers, sash and turban in Lev 16:4.
- Exodus 29:4-9 (verbal): Describes washing Aaron and his sons with water and clothing them in the consecration garments — closely parallels the washing and donning of holy linen in Lev 16:4.
- Leviticus 8:6-9 (verbal): In the ordination of Aaron Moses washes him and places the priestly garments (tunic, sash, robe, ephod, turban) on him — a direct cultic parallel to the dressing and washing of the high priest in Lev 16:4.
- Ezekiel 44:17-19 (allusion): Ezekiel insists that priests wear linen (not wool) when ministering and when handling holy things — a later theological echo of the requirement for linen priestly garments and purity in Lev 16:4.
Alternative generated candidates
- A holy linen tunic he shall put on, and linen undergarments shall be upon his flesh; and with a linen sash he shall gird himself, and with a linen turban he shall wrap himself—these are holy garments. And he shall wash his flesh in water and put them on.
- A holy linen tunic he shall put on, and linen undergarments shall be on his flesh, and with a linen sash he shall gird himself, and a linen turban he shall bind; they are holy garments. He shall wash his flesh in water and put them on.
Lev.16.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ומאת: NUM,m,sg,abs
- עדת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- שעירי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לחטאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואיל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:7-10 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the same ritual — two goats are appointed and one is designated by lot as the scapegoat (azazel), showing the full procedure begun in v.5.
- Leviticus 4:3 (thematic): Prescribes a sin offering for the whole congregation; parallels v.5 in that the community requires a collective sin-offering though the sacrificial animal there is a bullock rather than goats.
- Leviticus 23:27-28 (structural): Gives the command for the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) — affliction of the soul and making atonement — the occasion for the sacrifices described in Lev 16:5.
- Numbers 29:7-11 (thematic): Gives the offerings associated with the tenth day of the seventh month (Day of Atonement); parallels Lev 16 by prescribing sacrificial observances tied to Yom Kippur.
- Hebrews 9:6-9 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the annual cultic ministry: describes the priests entering the inner tent once a year and the slaughter/sprinkling of goats and bulls for purification, alluding to the Levitical Day of Atonement rites (including the two goats).
Alternative generated candidates
- And from the congregation of the sons of Israel he shall take two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering.
- And from the congregation of the sons of Israel he shall take two male goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering.
Lev.16.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- פר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בעדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ובעד: PREP
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 9:7 (quotation): Moses tells Aaron to 'offer your sin offering... and make atonement for yourself and for the people,' language closely reflecting Lev 16:6.
- Leviticus 4:3-5 (verbal): Prescribes a bull as the sin offering when the anointed priest sins, paralleling Aaron's offering of a bull for his own sin.
- Leviticus 16:11-14 (structural): Immediate context describing Aaron's offering of the bull and the goat and the sprinkling of blood to make atonement for himself and the people — an expanded ritual parallel.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): States that the high priest enters the inner sanctuary once a year with blood 'for his own sins and for those of the people,' directly echoing the function of Lev 16.
- Hebrews 9:25-28 (thematic): Contrasts the repeated animal atonements of the priesthood with Christ's once-for-all self-offering, reinterpreting the significance of the priestly sin-offering described in Lev 16.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Aaron shall present the bull of the sin offering that is his own, and make atonement for himself and for his household.
- And Aaron shall present the sin offering bull that is his and make atonement for himself and for his household.
Lev.16.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- השעירם: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והעמיד: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:8 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same ritual: the two goats are distinguished by lot (one for the LORD, one for Azazel), continuing the action begun in 16:7.
- Leviticus 16:21-22 (structural): Continues the Day of Atonement procedure: the high priest lays hands on the goat and sends it away into the wilderness (the 'scapegoat'), completing the two-goat ritual introduced in 16:7.
- Leviticus 14:4-7 (thematic): Cleansing ritual using two birds — one killed and one released — parallels the two-animal pattern (one for sacrifice, one removed) and the theme of ritual removal of impurity.
- Hebrews 9:6-7 (allusion): New Testament description of the tabernacle services and the high priest's annual entry into the Most Holy Place echoes the Levitical Day of Atonement rites (priests, holy place, special sacrifices) behind 16:7.
- Isaiah 53:4-6 (thematic): Prophetic theme of vicarious bearing of sin and removal of transgression resonates with the scapegoat motif introduced in 16:7 (transfer and removal of the people's sin).
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall take the two goats and set them before the LORD at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
- And he shall take the two goats and set them before the LORD at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
Lev.16.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- שני: NUM,m,pl,construct
- השעירם: NOUN,m,pl,def
- גורלות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- גורל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- וגורל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לעזאזל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:10 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same ritual: identifies which goat is for the LORD and which is sent away to Azazel, elaborating the lot's outcome mentioned in 16:8.
- Leviticus 16:21-22 (verbal): Repeats and develops the ritual acts associated with the lot—laying hands on the live goat, confessing Israel's sins, and sending the scapegoat into the wilderness to carry away iniquities.
- Leviticus 4:15 (verbal): Parallels the practice of laying hands on an animal to transfer sin to the sacrificial victim (the sin-offering), showing a common cultic mechanism for transferring guilt.
- Isaiah 53:6 (thematic): The prophetic theme of a vicarious figure bearing the transgressions of the people echoes the scapegoat’s role of carrying away sins.
- Hebrews 9:12-14 (allusion): New Testament theological reading of the Levitical cult: uses the imagery of the high priestly cleansing and sacrificial rites (including ideas like the removal of sin) to argue Christ’s superior, once-for-all atoning work.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Aaron shall cast lots over the two goats, one lot for the LORD and one lot for Azazel.
- And Aaron shall cast lots over the two goats, one lot for the LORD and one lot for Azazel.
Lev.16.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הגורל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועשהו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,sg
- חטאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.16:7-10 (structural): Immediate context describing the two goats, the casting of lots, and the instruction that one goat is for the LORD and is to be a sin offering (directly frames v.9).
- Lev.16:20-22 (thematic): Describes the fate of the goat sent away (Azazel) and the transfer of the people's sins onto it, contrasting and completing the paired rites of the goat 'for the LORD' that is made a sin offering.
- Lev.4:3 (verbal): Uses the same sacrificial language of presenting a bullock 'for a sin offering' for atonement, paralleling the terminology and function of a communal sin offering.
- Isaiah 53:6 (thematic): Speaks of the transference of sin to a substitute ('the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all'), thematically resonant with the goat bearing the people's sin in Leviticus 16.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the annual Day of Atonement ritual: the high priest enters the inner sanctuary once a year with blood offered for the people's sins, echoing the function of the sin-offering goat.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the LORD and make it a sin offering.
- And Aaron shall present the goat upon which the lot fell for the LORD and make it a sin offering.
Lev.16.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והשעיר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- הגורל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעזאזל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- יעמד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חי: ADJ,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- לשלח: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- לעזאזל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- המדברה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:8 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the Day of Atonement ritual — two goats chosen by lot, one for the LORD and one for Azazel (the lot determining the live scapegoat).
- Leviticus 16:21-22 (thematic): Develops the same action: the high priest lays Israel's sins on the goat and sends it away into the wilderness for Azazel, explicitly linking the goat with bearing/removal of sin.
- Isaiah 53:4-6 (thematic): The motif of a substitute bearing the people's sins and being removed/punished on their behalf echoes the scapegoat's role in transferring and removing guilt.
- Hebrews 9:7 (structural): New Testament description of the Day of Atonement rite: the high priest enters the Holy of Holies once each year with blood for the people's sins — paralleling the ritual context and function of the scapegoat.
- Hebrews 9:12 (thematic): Contrasts the temporary, ritual means of atonement (animals/scapegoat) with Christ's once-for-all entry and redemption, linking to the purpose behind sending the goat away to effect removal of sin.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make atonement over it, to send it away to Azazel into the wilderness.
- But the goat upon which the lot fell for Azazel shall be made to stand alive before the LORD, to make atonement over it, to send it away to Azazel into the wilderness.
Lev.16.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- פר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בעדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ובעד: PREP
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- פר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:6 (verbal): Same ritual context within the Day of Atonement: the priest presents and slaughters the bull for his own sin offering (language and action parallel).
- Leviticus 4:3 (verbal): Earlier law for the anointed priest's sin offering — requires a young bull to make atonement for the priest’s sin, paralleling the requirement that the priest offer a bull for himself.
- Leviticus 9:7 (structural): Moses instructs Aaron at the inauguration to draw near and offer his sin offering and make atonement for himself and the people — a contextual, cultic parallel in which the priest must atone for himself before officiating.
- Hebrews 9:7 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the Day of Atonement: only the high priest enters the inner room and takes blood, offering it for himself and for the unintentional sins of the people — echoes Lev.16’s language and function.
- Hebrews 10:12 (thematic): Contrasts the repeated animal offerings with Christ’s once-for-all sacrifice: Christ offered one sacrifice for sins, fulfilling and reinterpreting the priestly need to offer atonement for himself and the people in Levitical cult.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Aaron shall present the bull of the sin offering that is his own and make atonement for himself and for his household, and he shall slaughter the bull of the sin offering that is his own.
- And Aaron shall present the sin offering bull that is his and make atonement for himself and for his household, and he shall slaughter the sin offering bull that is his.
Lev.16.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- המחתה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- גחלי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מעל: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ומלא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- חפניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- קטרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- סמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- דקה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- והביא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפרכת: PREP
Parallels
- Exodus 30:1-8 (verbal): Prescribes the altar of incense before the veil and the regular burning of incense; parallels Lev 16:12’s taking of coals and use of incense in cultic service.
- Leviticus 16:13 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the Yom Kippur rite — places the incense on the fire inside the veil so that the cloud covers the mercy seat, echoing the same actions and wording.
- Hebrews 9:3-4 (structural): Describes the Holy of Holies behind the second curtain and lists cultic furniture (including the censer), providing a New Testament reflection on the veil/inner sanctuary setting where Lev.16:12’s ritual takes place.
- Revelation 8:3-4 (allusion): An angel offers incense with the prayers of the saints on the golden altar before God; typologically echoes the censer/incense brought before the divine presence in Lev 16:12.
- Psalm 141:2 (thematic): Presents prayer as incense before God (“Let my prayer be counted as incense”), thematically linking incense imagery in Lev 16:12 with prayer and worship language.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall take a full censer of coals of fire from the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of finely ground fragrant incense, and bring it inside the curtain.
- And he shall take a full censer of coals of fire from upon the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of finely ground incense of spices, and bring it inside the curtain.
Lev.16.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הקטרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכסה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקטרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- הכפרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- העדות: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- ימות: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.16.12 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same ritual: the priest takes a censer with burning coals and incense and brings it into the veil—directly leading to placing the incense on the fire to cover the mercy‑seat.
- Exod.25:17-22 (thematic): Description of the mercy‑seat (kaporet) and God’s presence ‘above the mercy‑seat’—background for the goal of covering the mercy‑seat with a cloud of incense.
- Exod.30:1-10 (thematic): Instructions for the altar of incense and the daily burning of incense before the LORD, showing the cultic function of incense as a sacred, mediating offering near God’s presence.
- Heb.9:3-7 (allusion): NT summary of the Holy of Holies, the mercy‑seat and the high priest’s once‑a‑year entry—an interpretive retelling of the Day of Atonement rites that presupposes actions like placing incense to cover the mercy‑seat.
- Rev.8:3-4 (thematic): Visionary use of incense in heaven—an angel offers incense with the prayers of the saints before the throne—parallels the idea of incense as a heavenly covering/mediating element placed before God.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall put the incense on the fire before the LORD, and the cloud of the incense shall cover the atonement cover that is upon the ark of the testimony, lest he die.
- And he shall put the incense on the fire before the LORD, and the cloud of the incense shall cover the atonement cover that is over the testimony, so that he not die.
Lev.16.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ולקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והזה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- באצבעו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הכפרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- קדמה: ADV
- ולפני: CONJ+PREP
- הכפרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יזה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שבע: NUM,card
- פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- מן: PREP
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- באצבעו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:6 (verbal): Priest dips his finger in blood and sprinkles it — similar ritual language of taking blood with the finger and applying/sprinkling it on cultic furniture.
- Leviticus 16:18-19 (thematic): Immediate parallel within the same rite: further description of sprinkling blood on the mercy seat and cleansing the holy place for atonement.
- Exodus 25:17-22 (structural): Description of the mercy seat (kaporet) and God's presence above it — provides the spatial and theological setting for the sprinkling action.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): NT account alludes to the annual high priestly entry into the Holy of Holies and the sprinkling of blood, referencing the Levitical atonement ritual.
- Hebrews 9:12 (thematic): Compares Christ’s once-for-all entry into the heavenly sanctuary with his own blood to achieve redemption, thematically paralleling the cleansing/atoning function of the Levitical sprinkling.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle with his finger on the front of the atonement cover on the east side; and in front of the atonement cover he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times.
- And he shall take some of the bull's blood and sprinkle with his finger on the front of the atonement cover on the east side; and before the atonement cover he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times.
Lev.16.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ושחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לעם: PREP
- והביא: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- אל: NEG
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפרכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- כאשר: CONJ
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- והזה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- על: PREP
- הכפרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולפני: CONJ+PREP
- הכפרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:14 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same ritual: the priest takes the bull's blood and sprinkles it on and before the mercy seat — 16:15 says do with the goat's blood as he did with the bull's blood.
- Leviticus 4:6-7 (verbal): For the sin offering of the congregation the priest sprinkles blood before the veil (mercy seat), the same gesture of blood-sprinkling for atonement used in 16:15.
- Leviticus 4:25-26 (thematic): Describes the sin offering brought for the assembly and the priest's use of its blood to make atonement for the people — parallels the goat-for-the-people and communal atonement in 16:15.
- Leviticus 1:5 (structural): In the burnt-offering ritual the priest slaughters and sprinkles blood around the altar — a comparable cultic pattern of slaughter, blood-handling, and sacred placement found in 16:15.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the Day of Atonement: the high priest enters the Holy of Holies once a year with blood for the people's sins, interpreting the Levitical sprinkling of 16:15 typologically.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he shall slaughter the goat of the sin offering that is for the people and bring its blood inside the curtain, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it on the atonement cover and in front of the atonement cover.
- Then he shall slaughter the people's sin offering goat and bring its blood inside the curtain, and do with its blood as he did with the bull's blood, and sprinkle it on the atonement cover and before the atonement cover.
Lev.16.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מטמאת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומפשעיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+pref:w+m+poss:3,m,pl
- לכל: PREP
- חטאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- וכן: ADV
- יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לאהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct+pref:l
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השכן: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms,sg,def
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- בתוך: PREP
- טמאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+poss:3,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:33 (structural): Restates the same purpose and language: making atonement for the tabernacle/holy place that dwells among Israel because of their uncleanness and transgressions.
- Leviticus 4:20 (verbal): Describes the priest making atonement for the congregation after a sin offering; parallels the priestly function of removing communal sin and its effect on the sanctuary.
- Exodus 30:10 (verbal): Prescribes a yearly atonement ritual on the altar’s horns (’once in a year’), paralleling Lev 16’s annual cleansing/atonement of the holy place.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): Refers to the high priest entering the second tabernacle once a year to offer blood and make atonement for the people's sins, directly echoing the Day of Atonement rite described in Lev 16.
- Hebrews 9:12 (thematic): Speaks of Christ entering the heavenly holy place once by his own blood to obtain eternal redemption — a theological fulfillment/interpretation of the Levitical atonement for the holy place and people.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus he shall make atonement for the sanctuary because of the impurities of the sons of Israel and because of their transgressions—indeed, all their sins—and so he shall do for the Tent of Meeting that dwells with them in the midst of their impurities.
- And he shall make atonement for the sanctuary, because of the impurities of the sons of Israel and because of their transgressions—in all their sins; and so he shall do for the tent of meeting, which dwells with them in the midst of their impurities.
Lev.16.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- באהל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבאו: PREP+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בקדש: PREP
- עד: PREP
- צאתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+SFX,3,m,sg
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בעדו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SFX,3,m,sg
- ובעד: PREP
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובעד: PREP
- כל: DET
- קהל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:11 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language about the high priest making atonement “for himself and for his house,” directly paralleling 16:17’s specification of who is atoned for during the sanctuary service.
- Leviticus 16:16 (thematic): Describes the atonement ritual for the holy place and “for all the congregation of Israel,” matching 16:17’s concern with the scope of atonement and the exclusivity of presence in the sanctuary during the rite.
- Exodus 30:20-21 (structural): Commands priests to wash and observe precautions when they enter the tent/holy place (warning of death if they fail), reflecting the ritual restrictions and separation required for those who minister in the sanctuary like in Lev 16:17.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): States that the high priest enters the inner sanctuary alone once a year with blood to atone for himself and the people, a New Testament reflection on the Day of Atonement procedures described in Leviticus 16.
Alternative generated candidates
- And no person shall be in the Tent of Meeting when he comes to make atonement in the sanctuary, until he comes out, and he has made atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel.
- And no human shall be in the tent of meeting when he goes in to make atonement in the sanctuary until he comes out; and he shall make atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel.
Lev.16.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- ולקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ומדם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- קרנות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:14 (structural): Same Day of Atonement sequence—the high priest applies the blood of the bullock and goat within the holy place (mercy seat), immediately before he applies blood to the altar in v.18.
- Leviticus 4:7 (verbal): In the sin‑offering ritual the priest takes blood and puts it upon the horns of the altar—same verbal practice of applying sacrificial blood to the altar’s horns for atonement.
- Leviticus 4:25 (thematic): For the sin offering of the congregation the priest sprinkles blood on the altar—parallels the function of sacrificial blood applied to the altar to effect atonement for the people.
- Hebrews 9:7 (thematic): New‑Testament interpretation of the Day of Atonement: the high priest enters the Holy Place once a year with blood to make atonement—ties the Levitical blood‑placement ritual to its theological fulfillment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD and make atonement upon it; and he shall take some of the blood of the bull and some of the blood of the goat and put it on the horns of the altar all around.
- Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD and make atonement for it; and he shall take some of the bull's blood and some of the goat's blood and put it on the horns of the altar all around.
Lev.16.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והזה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- הדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- באצבעו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- שבע: NUM,card
- פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- וטהרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,suff=3,m,sg
- וקדשו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מטמאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:14 (verbal): Within the same Atonement ceremony the priest is likewise told to sprinkle blood seven times before the mercy‑seat/veil — a near verbal parallel to 16:19.
- Leviticus 4:6 (verbal): In the sin‑offering ritual the priest dips his finger in blood and sprinkles it seven times before the veil — same action and number of sprinklings for purification.
- Exodus 29:20–21 (thematic): Blood is sprinkled on Aaron (and his garments) to consecrate and sanctify the priest; parallels the use of blood in Lev 16 to cleanse and set apart the sanctuary and people.
- Hebrews 9:7–14 (allusion): The NT treats the annual entrance and animal‑blood sprinkling of the high priest as typological, contrasting outward ritual purification with Christ’s once‑for‑all blood that truly cleanses conscience — a theological reading of Levitical sprinkling.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it and sanctify it from the impurities of the sons of Israel.
- And he shall sprinkle on it some of the blood with his finger seven times and cleanse it and make it holy from the impurities of the sons of Israel.
Lev.16.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מכפר: VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והקריב: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- החי: ADJ,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.16.15 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same ritual: verse 15 uses the same language about making atonement for the holy place, the tent of meeting, and the altar—Lev.16:20 continues the sequence ('when he has finished making atonement...').
- Lev.16.21-22 (structural): Direct continuation of the rite: these verses describe laying hands on the live goat and sending it away into the wilderness, elaborating the action begun in 16:20 ('bring the live goat').
- Exod.30.10 (verbal): Annual atonement for the altar is prescribed here—'Aaron shall make atonement upon the horns of it once in a year'—parallels Lev.16's concern to make atonement for the altar.
- Exod.29.36-37 (thematic): Commands to make atonement upon the altar and consecrate it, language and cultic purpose that echo the sanctuary/altar atonement performed on Yom Kippur in Lev.16.
- Heb.9:6-7 (allusion): New Testament allusion to the Day of Atonement ritual: the high priest entering the inner sanctuary once a year with blood for his own and the people's sins, reflecting the function and theology of Lev.16.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when he has finished making atonement for the sanctuary and the Tent of Meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat.
- And when he has finished making atonement for the sanctuary and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall present the live goat.
Lev.16.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וסמך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- ידיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- החי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- והתודה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- עונת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- פשעיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכל: PREP
- חטאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- ונתן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ושלח: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עתי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- המדברה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:15 (structural): Priest lays hands on the sin-offering to transfer the people’s sin to the animal — same hand‑laying transfer principle as on the scapegoat.
- Leviticus 4:29 (thematic): An individual sins and lays hands on the head of the sin‑offering (a female goat) to confess and transfer guilt — parallels the confession and transfer in Lev 16:21.
- Isaiah 53:6 (verbal): ʻThe LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us allʼ — language and concept of sins being placed on another echoes the scapegoat motif of Lev 16:21.
- Hebrews 9:28 (thematic): Presents Christ as bearing the sins of many once for all, echoing the Day of Atonement’s sin‑bearing imagery where sins are placed on and removed with the goat.
- Hebrews 13:11-12 (allusion): Connects the sin‑bearing animals burned outside the camp and Jesus’ suffering outside the gate — interprets the scapegoat/atonement ritual typologically in light of Christ.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their transgressions, all their sins; and he shall put them on the head of the goat and send it away by the hand of a man appointed for the task into the wilderness.
- And Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel, and all their transgressions, in all their sins; and he shall put them on the head of the goat and send it away by the hand of a designated man into the wilderness.
Lev.16.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשא: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- עונתם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גזרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושלח: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Lev.16.21 (structural): Immediate ritual context: Aaron lays both hands on the live goat and confesses the sins of Israel so that the goat bears their iniquities (directly parallels the action and purpose described in v.22).
- Lev.16.10 (structural): Within the same Yom Kippur ceremony: distinguishes the goat 'for Azazel' to be sent away into the wilderness — parallels the sending away of the goat carrying the people's sins in v.22.
- Isaiah 53:6 (allusion): The servant/people imagery: 'the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all' parallels the idea of vicarious bearing of sin — the scapegoat carries the nation’s iniquity away.
- Hebrews 9:28 (thematic): New Testament theological application: Christ 'was once offered to bear the sins of many,' echoing the scapegoat motif of one figure bearing others' sins as a means of atonement.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the goat shall carry on itself all their iniquities to a land cut off, and he shall send the goat into the wilderness.
- And the goat shall bear upon itself all their iniquities to a remote land, and he shall send the goat into the wilderness.
Lev.16.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובא: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופשט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בגדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הבד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לבש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בבאו: PREP+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והניחם: VERB,hiph,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שם: ADV
Parallels
- Lev.16.4 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel: earlier instruction that Aaron is to put on the linen garments (בגדי בד) when he enters the holy place — 16:23 then records him taking those same linen garments off.
- Lev.16.24 (structural): Closely connected sequence: after removing the linen garments Aaron bathes and then puts on his regular (daily) garments before leaving — shows the ritual-procedural pattern around Yom Kippur.
- Exod.29.4 (verbal): Ordination context where Moses puts the sacred/priestly garments on Aaron — parallels the motif of donning specific vestments for cultic service (putting on/putting off sacred garments).
- 2 Chron.5.12 (thematic): Describes Levitical priests clothed in linen for temple service; thematically parallels the use of special linen garments for priestly ministry in the sanctuary.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Aaron shall come into the Tent of Meeting and shall take off the linen garments that he put on when he went into the sanctuary, and leave them there.
- Then Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting and take off the linen garments which he put on when he went into the sanctuary and leave them there.
Lev.16.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ולבש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m
- ואת: CONJ
- עלת: VERB,qal,perf,3,_,pl
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בעדו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m
- ובעד: PREP
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:23 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same Yom Kippur sequence: the priest comes out, removes the linen garments, washes his body in the holy place and puts on his garments — same actions and sequence as v.24.
- Exodus 29:4 (verbal): At the consecration of Aaron and his sons Moses 'washed them with water' — a direct priestly precedent for ritual washing before ministering.
- Exodus 30:17-21 (thematic): Instruction to set the bronze laver so that Aaron and his sons wash their hands and feet before approaching the altar — a broader cultic rule requiring priests to wash before sacred service.
- Hebrews 9:7 (thematic): New Testament reflection on the high priest entering the Holy of Holies and offering for himself and the people once a year — echoes Lev.16’s yearly atonement ritual and its concern with priestly purification and atonement.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he shall wash his flesh in water in a holy place and put on his garments, and come out and offer his burnt offering and the people's burnt offering, and make atonement for himself and for the people.
- And he shall wash his flesh in water in a holy place and put on his garments and come out and offer his burnt offering and the people's burnt offering, and make atonement for himself and for the people.
Lev.16.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- חלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יקטיר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:8 (verbal): In the regulations for the sin offering the priest removes the fat and burns it on the altar—language and ritual action parallel to Lev 16:25's command to burn the fat of the sin offering.
- Leviticus 1:9 (verbal): In the laws for burnt offerings the priest is instructed to burn the designated portions on the altar; echoes the same verb and cultic practice of burning sacrificial portions.
- Leviticus 3:16 (thematic): Declares that 'all the fat is the LORD’s,' establishing the theological principle that the fat of offerings is sacred and reserved for divine service—the rationale behind burning or designated use of fat in Lev 16:25.
- Leviticus 7:23 (thematic): Prohibits eating the fat of certain sacrificial animals, implicitly treating fat as holy/set apart—this prohibition complements the practice in Lev 16:25 of burning fat on the altar.
- Exodus 29:13-14 (structural): In the ordination sacrifice specific fats (the fat about the entrails, caul, kidneys) are taken and assigned in the ritual; the listing and treatment of fat here parallels Lev 16:25's focus on particular fatty portions in sacrificial procedure.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the fat of the sin offering he shall turn into smoke on the altar.
- And the fat of the sin offering he shall turn into smoke on the altar.
Lev.16.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והמשלח: VERB,qal,part,NA,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- השעיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לעזאזל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- ואחרי: CONJ
- כן: ADV
- יבוא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המחנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Lev.16:23 (structural): Same ritual context in the Day of Atonement: the officiating priest washes his body and changes garments after performing atonement rites (parallel action of washing following cultic activity).
- Lev.14:8-9 (verbal): Cleansing rite for a healed leper uses nearly identical language — 'wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and shall be clean' — paralleling the post-ritual purification formula.
- Num.19:19 (verbal): Purification after contact with a corpse requires washing clothes and bathing in water on prescribed days; language and function (ritual cleansing enabling reentry) closely match Lev 16:26.
- Lev.15:5-8 (verbal): Regulations for bodily impurity (sexual/other discharges) command washing garments and bathing to regain cleanliness—same prescribed means of re‑admission to the camp/assembly.
- Heb.9:13-14 (thematic): New Testament reflection on sacrificial rites: contrasts external ritual washings and blood of animals with Christ's efficacious blood for inner cleansing — thematically linked to the purpose of the Levitical washings (purification/atonement).
Alternative generated candidates
- And the one who sends the goat to Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
- And the one who sends the goat to Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
Lev.16.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- פר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- שעיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החטאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הובא: VERB,hophal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דמם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- בקדש: PREP
- יוציא: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,ms
- אל: NEG
- מחוץ: PREP
- למחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושרפו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ערתם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- ואת: CONJ
- בשרם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- ואת: CONJ
- פרשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:11-12 (verbal): Instruction for the communal sin offering (the bull): blood brought into the sanctuary, and the carcass is carried outside the camp and burned — closely parallels wording and procedure.
- Leviticus 16:10, 16:22 (structural): Within the same ritual context: the scapegoat for Azazel is also removed from the camp (sent into the wilderness), showing the structural practice of removing atoning animals from the community.
- Numbers 19:3 (thematic): The red heifer is to be taken outside the camp and burned for rites of purification — a parallel practice of burning an animal outside the camp tied to cleansing/atonement.
- Hebrews 13:11-13 (quotation): The NT explicitly cites the Levitical practice that sacrificial carcasses whose blood was brought into the sanctuary were burned outside the camp and uses the motif to place Jesus 'outside the gate' with the sinners he sanctifies.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the sanctuary, shall be taken outside the camp, and they shall burn with fire their hides, their flesh, and their dung.
- And the sin offering bull and the sin offering goat whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the sanctuary shall be brought outside the camp, and they shall burn with fire their hides and their flesh and their dung.
Lev.16.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והשרף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- יכבס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בגדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ורחץ: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- במים: PREP
- ואחרי: CONJ
- כן: ADV
- יבוא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- המחנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 19:7 (verbal): Uses nearly identical ritual language: the man who burns the red heifer's remains must wash his clothes and bathe, linking post‑burning impurity and the requirement to wash before re‑entry.
- Leviticus 14:8-9 (verbal): In the cleansing of a healed leper the person must wash his clothes and bathe in water before being declared clean and returning to the camp—parallel formula and concern with re‑admission to the community.
- Leviticus 15:5-8 (verbal): Rules for persons with bodily discharges require washing clothes and bathing and remaining unclean until evening; same ritual language and the pattern of purification prior to re‑entry.
- Numbers 8:7 (thematic): In the consecration of the Levites Moses washes their clothes and has them bathe as part of ceremonial purification—a related ritual of washing that restores persons for service/community.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the one who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
- And the one who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he may come into the camp.
Lev.16.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לחקת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השביעי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעשור: PREP+NUM,ord,m,sg,def
- לחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תענו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- נפשתיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2,mp
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- מלאכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- האזרח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והגר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגר: NOUN,f,sg,def,prop
- בתוככם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:27-32 (quotation): Repeats the Day of Atonement prescription — tenth day of the seventh month, a holy convocation when Israel must 'afflict your souls' and do no work (and specifies the full fast/rest period).
- Numbers 29:7 (quotation): Parallel instruction for the tenth day of the seventh month: a holy convocation during which the people 'afflict yourselves' and refrain from work, echoing Lev.16:29 nearly verbatim in the sacrificial calendar context.
- Leviticus 16:30 (verbal): Immediate chapter parallel explaining the purpose of the day described in 16:29: on that day atonement is made for you and you shall be clean before the LORD — links the affliction/fast to ritual atonement.
- Leviticus 16:34 (structural): Closely related conclusion to the same section, reiterating that the observance is 'a statute forever' and that atonement is made annually for the people — reinforces the perpetual/annual nature stated in 16:29.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it shall be for you a perpetual statute: In the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, you shall humble yourselves, and you shall do no work, the native-born and the resident alien who resides among you.
- And this shall be for you a statute forever: In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall humble yourselves, and you shall do no work, whether the native-born or the sojourner who resides among you.
Lev.16.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- ביום: PREP
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- יכפר: VERB,pi'el,impf,3,m,sg
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2,m,pl
- לטהר: VERB,qal,inf
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- מכל: PREP
- חטאתיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- תטהרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Lev.16.34 (structural): Repeats and sums up the Yom Kippur formula: on this day atonement is made and the people are purified — a direct restatement of v.30's purpose and result.
- Lev.23.27-28 (thematic): Gives the ritual observance of the Day of Atonement (the 10th day of the seventh month), commanding affliction and cessation of work so that atonement may be made — the festival context for v.30.
- Lev.4:20 (verbal): Describes the priest making atonement for the sin of the congregation/individual and forgiveness resulting; parallels the legal/ritual idea of cleansing from sin in v.30.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): Explains the annual entry of the high priest into the Holy of Holies with blood to make atonement — an interpretive New Testament reference to the Levitical practice behind v.30.
- Hebrews 9:12-14 (thematic): Presents Christ's once-for-all sacrifice that obtains eternal redemption and cleanses the conscience, interpreting the Day of Atonement's cleansing (v.30) as fulfilled in Christ's sacrificial work.
Alternative generated candidates
- For on this day atonement shall be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins you shall be clean before the LORD.
- For on this day atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you; from all your sins you shall be clean before the LORD.
Lev.16.31 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבתון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ועניתם: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- נפשתיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2,mp
- חקת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 16:29 (verbal): Same chapter and command: explicitly orders Israelites to 'afflict your souls' on the appointed day and calls it a statute forever, repeating key language of v.31.
- Leviticus 23:32 (quotation): In the festival calendar's description of Yom Kippur this verse uses nearly identical wording—'a sabbath of solemn rest' and 'ye shall afflict your souls'—linking the cultic rest and fasting.
- Isaiah 58:3-7 (thematic): Discusses 'afflicting the soul'/fasting and contrasts empty ritual with genuine repentance and justice, thematically related to the intent of afflicting the soul on Yom Kippur.
- Joel 2:15-16 (structural): Calls for a solemn assembly and a proclaimed fast ('sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly'), paralleling the communal, liturgical structure of Yom Kippur as a sacred fast and convocation.
- Jonah 3:5-10 (thematic): Nineveh's corporate response—proclaiming a fast, putting on sackcloth and turning from evil—illustrates the practice of communal affliction of the soul and repentance that Leviticus prescribes for atonement.
Alternative generated candidates
- It is a sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves; a perpetual statute.
- It is a sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves; a statute forever.
Lev.16.32 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ימשח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- ימלא: VERB,qal,impf,3,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- תחת: PREP
- אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ולבש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בגדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הבד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בגדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exodus 28:41 (verbal): Commands to anoint and consecrate Aaron and his sons and to put on priestly garments — parallels the anointed priest and the wearing of sacred clothing.
- Exodus 29:29-30 (verbal): States that the holy garments of Aaron are for his sons after him to be anointed and consecrated in — echoes the idea of a son filling his father's priestly office and wearing linen/holy garments.
- Leviticus 8:12, 8:30 (quotation): Narrates Moses anointing and consecrating Aaron and his sons to serve as priests — a direct precedent for an anointed successor who makes atonement and wears priestly vestments.
- Leviticus 16:4 (structural): Instruction that the high priest must put on linen garments before making atonement on the Day of Atonement — parallels the garment requirement in 16:32.
- Hebrews 9:7 (thematic): Speaks of the high priest entering the Holy of Holies once a year to make atonement — New Testament reflection on the unique role and duties of the anointed/appointed priest.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest who is anointed and ordained to serve as priest in his father's place shall make atonement, wearing the linen garments, the holy garments.
- And the priest who is anointed and ordained to serve as priest in his father's place shall make atonement, wearing the linen garments, the holy garments.
Lev.16.33 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכפר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מקדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- מועד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יכפר: VERB,pi'el,impf,3,m,sg
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- הכהנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- עם: PREP
- הקהל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יכפר: VERB,pi'el,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 4:20 (verbal): Uses the same language of the priest making atonement for the altar/holy place after a sin offering—parallel ritual function to Lev 16's cleansing of the sanctuary.
- Leviticus 4:26 (verbal): Describes the priest making atonement for the whole congregation with the sin offering; parallels Lev 16.33's corporate atonement for the people.
- Exodus 30:10 (verbal): Commands annual atonement on the altar with the sin offering; echoes Lev 16's once‑a‑year purification of the sanctuary and altar.
- Hebrews 9:7 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the Day of Atonement: the high priest enters the inner sanctuary once a year with blood to make atonement for the people, explicitly alluding to Lev 16's rite.
Alternative generated candidates
- He shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the Tent of Meeting and for the altar; and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
- And he shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar; and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
Lev.16.34 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לחקת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לכפר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- על: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מכל: PREP
- חטאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:27-32 (thematic): Gives the formal command for the Day of Atonement (the tenth day of the seventh month), prescribing fasting and sacred rest—the broader liturgical setting for the yearly atonement stated in Lev 16:34.
- Exodus 30:10 (verbal): Speaks of making atonement 'once in a year' on the altar (Aaron shall make atonement upon the horns of it once in a year), echoing the phraseology and annual ritual of Lev 16:34.
- Leviticus 17:11 (verbal): Declares that 'the life of the flesh is in the blood' and that blood makes atonement—provides the theological rationale for the sin‑offering/atonement rites summarized in Lev 16:34.
- Hebrews 9:7 (structural): Describes the high priest entering the Holy of Holies 'once a year' with blood for atonement—a New Testament reflection on the same annual cultic structure set out in Lev 16.
- Hebrews 10:10-14 (thematic): Contrasts repeated annual sacrifices with Christ's single, definitive offering 'once for all'—theological development of the atonement motif behind the yearly rite of Lev 16:34.
Alternative generated candidates
- And this shall be for you a perpetual statute, to make atonement for the sons of Israel for all their sins once in the year. And he did as the LORD had commanded Moses.
- And this shall be for you a statute forever, to make atonement for the sons of Israel for all their sins once in the year. And he did as the LORD commanded Moses.
And the LORD spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they came near before the LORD and died: And the LORD said to Moses: Speak to Aaron your brother, that he must not come at all times into the sanctuary within the curtain, before the atonement cover that is on the ark, lest he die; for in the cloud I appear over the atonement cover.
With this Aaron shall come into the sanctuary: with a bull of the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering.
He shall put on the holy linen tunic, and linen undergarments shall be upon his flesh, and with a linen sash he shall gird himself, and with a linen turban he shall wrap himself—these are holy garments. He shall bathe his flesh with water and put them on. And from the congregation of the sons of Israel he shall take two male goats for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering. And Aaron shall present the bull of the sin offering that is his and make atonement for himself and for his household.
Then he shall take the two goats and set them before the LORD at the entrance of the tent of meeting. And Aaron shall cast lots over the two goats: one lot for the LORD and one lot for Azazel. And Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot for the LORD fell and make it a sin offering. But the goat on which the lot for Azazel fell shall be set before the LORD alive, to make atonement over it, to send it away to Azazel into the wilderness. And Aaron shall present the bull of the sin offering that is his and make atonement for himself and for his household, and he shall slaughter the bull of the sin offering that is his. And he shall take a censer full of coals of fire from the altar before the LORD, and both his hands full of finely ground incense of fragrant spices, and bring it inside the curtain. And he shall put the incense on the fire before the LORD, and the cloud of the incense shall cover the atonement cover that is over the testimony, so that he does not die. And he shall take some of the blood of the bull and sprinkle with his finger on the front of the atonement cover on the east side, and before the atonement cover he shall sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven times.
Then he shall slaughter the goat of the sin offering that is for the people and bring its blood inside the curtain, and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and sprinkle it upon the atonement cover and before the atonement cover. Thus he shall make atonement for the sanctuary because of the impurities of the sons of Israel and because of their transgressions, all their sins; and so shall he do for the tent of meeting that dwells with them in the midst of their impurities. And no person shall be in the tent of meeting when he goes in to make atonement in the sanctuary until he comes out; and he shall make atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel.
Then he shall go out to the altar that is before the LORD and make atonement for it, and he shall take some of the blood of the bull and of the blood of the goat and put it on the horns of the altar all around. And he shall sprinkle some of the blood on it with his finger seven times and purify it and sanctify it from the impurities of the sons of Israel.
When he has finished making atonement for the sanctuary and the tent of meeting and the altar, he shall bring near the live goat. And Aaron shall lay both his hands on the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities of the sons of Israel and all their transgressions, all their sins, and he shall put them on the head of the goat and send it away into the wilderness by the hand of a designated man. And the goat shall bear upon itself all their iniquities to a remote land, and he shall release the goat in the wilderness.
Then Aaron shall come into the tent of meeting and take off the linen garments that he put on when he went into the sanctuary and leave them there.
He shall bathe his flesh with water in a holy place and put on his garments, and he shall come out and offer his burnt offering and the burnt offering of the people and make atonement for himself and for the people. And the fat of the sin offering he shall turn into smoke on the altar. And the one who sends the goat to Azazel shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. And the bull of the sin offering and the goat of the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the sanctuary, he shall bring out to outside the camp, and they shall burn with fire their hides, their flesh, and their dung. And the one who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward he may come into the camp. And it shall be for you a statute forever: In the seventh month, on the tenth of the month, you shall humble yourselves, and you shall not do any work, the native-born and the sojourner who sojourns among you.
For on this day atonement shall be made for you, to purify you; from all your sins, before the LORD, you shall be clean.
It is a Sabbath of solemn rest for you, and you shall humble yourselves; it is a statute forever. And the priest who is anointed and installed to serve as priest in his father’s stead shall make atonement, when he puts on the linen garments, the holy garments. And he shall make atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make atonement for the tent of meeting and for the altar; and for the priests and for all the people of the assembly he shall make atonement. And this shall be for you a statute forever: to make atonement for the sons of Israel for all their sins once in the year. And he did just as the LORD commanded Moses.