The Guilt Offering—Priests’ Portion
Leviticus 7:1-10
Lev.7.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וזאת: CONJ+DEM,f,sg
- תורת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- האשם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 7:6 (verbal): Repeats the designation of the guilt‑offering as "most holy" and states that the priest may eat of it — a direct continuation of the legal status named in 7:1.
- Leviticus 5:15 (thematic): Earliest legislative treatment of the ashām (guilt/sin‑offering) and its procedures (confession, restitution, sacrifice), providing the immediate legal context for the statement in 7:1.
- Numbers 18:9–13 (thematic): Declares that certain offerings are holy to the LORD and belong to the priests; parallels the idea that the guilt‑offering is a sanctified, priestly possession.
- Leviticus 19:2 (thematic): The general command to be holy ('You shall be holy, for I the LORD am holy') supplies the theological background for calling specific cultic items — here the ashām — 'most holy.'
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the instruction for the guilt offering: it is most holy.
- And this is the law of the guilt offering: it is most holy.
Lev.7.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישחטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- ישחטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- האשם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- דמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- יזרק: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- Leviticus 1:5 (verbal): Same procedural wording about killing the burnt offering at the tabernacle/altar and the priests casting or sprinkling the blood round about the altar — a direct ritual parallel for placement and blood-handling.
- Leviticus 3:2 (verbal): Peace‑offering instructions: the animal is slain at the doorway/tabernacle and the priests sprinkle the blood round about the altar, paralleling the location and treatment of blood in Lev 7:2.
- Exodus 29:12 (verbal): During consecration the blood is applied/sprinkled round about the altar (and on priestly members), echoing the formula of throwing/sprinkling blood around the altar in Lev 7:2.
- Deuteronomy 12:13–14 (thematic): Emphasizes centralization of sacrifice — offerings must be brought and slain at the place the LORD chooses — thematically parallels Lev 7:2's specification of the proper place to slay and handle sacrificial blood.
- Leviticus 4:7 (thematic): Sin‑offering regulations require the priest to apply or dispose of blood on/near the altar (e.g., on the horns or poured out at its base), thematically linked to Lev 7:2's instructions about where and how sacrificial blood is to be cast.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering they shall slaughter the guilt offering, and its blood shall be dashed on the altar all around.
- In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering they shall slaughter the guilt offering, and he shall dash its blood on the altar all around.
Lev.7.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חלבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יקריב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- האליה: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואת: CONJ
- החלב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המכסה: PART,qal,ptc,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- הקרב: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Exod.29.13 (verbal): Uses the same wording and ritual action — taking the fat that covers the entrails as part of the offering (consecration of the ram).
- Lev.4.8-10 (verbal): Sin‑offering instructions enumerate the same fat portions (fat that covers the entrails, fat tail, kidneys) to be removed and burned on the altar, paralleling the corporeal details here.
- Lev.3.16 (thematic): Declares that 'all the fat is the LORD's,' reflecting the principle behind removing and offering the fat in Lev 7:3: fat is consecrated for God.
- Lev.7.23 (thematic): Prohibits Israel from eating fat because it is reserved for the LORD — the legal consequence of the requirement in Lev 7:3 to remove and offer the fat.
Alternative generated candidates
- And all its fat he shall present from it: the fat tail and the fat that covers the entrails,
- And all its fat he shall offer from it: the fat tail, and the fat that covers the inward parts,
Lev.7.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- שתי: NUM,card,f,du
- הכלית: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- החלב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עליהן: PREP+PRON,3,pl,f
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- הכסלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- היתרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הכבד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- הכלית: NOUN,f,pl,def
- יסירנה: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg+OBJ,3,pl,f
Parallels
- Leviticus 3:8 (verbal): Almost identical ritual instruction in the peace‑offering regulations: remove the two kidneys, the fat on them, and the caul above the liver.
- Exodus 29:22 (verbal): Part of the consecration/ordination sacrifice where the kidneys and surrounding fat/caul are specified among the parts to be taken — same sacrificial vocabulary.
- Leviticus 7:32–34 (structural): Nearby verses in the same chapter treat the distribution and consumption of sacrificial portions (priests' share, holiness of the fat), showing the legal/ritual context for removing kidneys and fat.
- Leviticus 9:10–11 (thematic): Narrative account of the inaugural priestly sacrifices where fat and internal parts (including kidneys) are handled and burned on the altar, reflecting the same sacrificial practice in action.
Alternative generated candidates
- and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that is on the loins; and the appendage upon the liver—together with the kidneys he shall remove it.
- and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that is on the loins, and the appendage on the liver—he shall remove it with the kidneys.
Lev.7.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והקטיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- המזבחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.1.9 (verbal): Same ritual formula: the priest is commanded to burn the sacrifice on the altar (״והקטיר את כלו על המזבח״) — parallel wording and action.
- Lev.6.9 (verbal): Repeats the legal formula that the priest shall burn the portion on the altar as the food of the offering made by fire to Yahweh (similar phraseology and cultic status).
- Num.6.17 (verbal): In the Nazirite’s concluding rites the priest is likewise to offer and burn the offering on the altar, using the same technical language about burning an offering to the LORD.
- Heb.13.11-12 (allusion): NT reflection on priestly sacrificial practice and the disposal/burning of offerings outside the camp; used the ritual context to interpret Christ’s atoning work — links priestly sacrifice to theological meaning.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar as an offering by fire to the LORD; it is a guilt offering.
- And the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar, an offering by fire to the LORD; it is a guilt offering.
Lev.7.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכהנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יאכלנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,1,pl
- במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- קדש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 6:16 (verbal): Repeats the same legal formula that the priest who eats the offering shall eat it in a holy place; it is most holy of the holy things (near-verbatim parallel in ritual wording).
- Numbers 18:9-10 (verbal): Allocates the holy portions to Aaron and his sons and uses nearly identical language that the priests shall eat these offerings, calling them most holy of the holy things (same priestly entitlement).
- Leviticus 22:10-11 (thematic): Affirms the principle that those outside the priesthood must not eat holy things and that consumption of sacred portions is restricted to priests (focus on exclusivity of holy food).
- Deuteronomy 18:1-3 (thematic): Describes the priests' entitlement to portions of offerings from the people (priests eat the sacred gifts), paralleling the broader allocation of cultic food to the priestly class.
Alternative generated candidates
- Every male among the priests shall eat it; in a holy place it shall be eaten; it is most holy.
- Every male among the priests may eat it; in a holy place it shall be eaten; it is most holy.
Lev.7.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כחטאת: PREP_sim+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כאשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תורה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יכפר: VERB,pi'el,impf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.7.6 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same section: repeats that the priest who makes atonement for the offering shall have it (priestly right to the offering).
- Lev.6.18 (verbal): Repeats the same law about the priest’s entitlement to certain offerings (a perpetual statute concerning the priest who makes atonement).
- Lev.4.20 (thematic): Describes the priest making atonement for sin and the result (forgiveness); connects the function of the priest in sin/trespass offerings that Lev.7:7 treats procedurally.
- Num.18:8-11 (structural): Allocates portions of sin and guilt offerings to the priests as their inheritance/maintenance, paralleling Lev.7:7’s concern with the priest’s entitlement to the offering used for atonement.
- Ezek.44:29-31 (thematic): Later regulation affirming that priests are to eat the holy things, including sin and trespass offerings—echoes Lev.7:7’s assignment of certain offerings to the priesthood.
Alternative generated candidates
- As with the sin offering, so with the guilt offering: one instruction is for them; the priest who makes atonement by it—it shall belong to him.
- As the sin offering, so the guilt offering—one law is for them; the priest who makes atonement with it, it shall belong to him.
Lev.7.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והכהן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- המקריב: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- עלת: VERB,qal,perf,3,_,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הקריב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Lev.7.6 (verbal): Close parallel wording in the same priestly legislation: the priest who offers the burnt offering is entitled to the hide (skin) of the burnt offering he has offered.
- Num.18:8-11 (thematic): General allocation of sacrificial portions to Aaron and his sons; establishes the principle that priests receive parts and benefits from offerings made by the people.
- Deut.18:3-4 (thematic): Regulation that priests (and Levites) are to receive specified portions from offerings of the people — a related legal principle about priestly dues from sacrifices.
- Ezek.44:29-31 (thematic): Ezekiel's priestly rules assigning priests the right to eat certain offerings and consecrated things, reflecting the continued theme of priests' entitlement to parts of sacrifices.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the priest who brings a person’s burnt offering—the skin of the burnt offering that he offers belongs to the priest; it shall be his.
- And the priest who offers anyone’s burnt offering—the skin of the burnt offering that he has offered—it shall be his, the priest’s.
Lev.7.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- מנחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תאפה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- בתנור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- נעשה: VERB,niphal,ptc,m,sg
- במרחשת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מחבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכהן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
- המקריב: VERB,qal,ptc,act,m,sg,def
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 2:4-7 (verbal): Uses the same language about a grain/meat offering baked in an oven, made in a pan, or fried on a skillet and explicitly assigns such baked offerings to the priest—near‑identical legal wording to Lev 7:9.
- Leviticus 6:14-18 (structural): Provides complementary legislation on the priestly portions and the manner/place the priest may eat the grain offerings, part of the same sacrificial/priestly regulation system as Lev 7:9.
- Numbers 18:8-13 (thematic): Affirms the broader principle that the LORD has given the holy things and specified portions of offerings to Aaron and his sons (the priests/Levites) as their due—contextualizes priestly entitlement to offerings like those in Lev 7:9.
- Deuteronomy 18:3-4 (thematic): Prescribes the priests’ rights to portions from sacrifices brought by the people (shoulder, cheeks, breast), reflecting the ongoing legal tradition that priests receive designated parts of offerings.
- Ezekiel 44:30-31 (allusion): A later prophetic restatement that priests shall eat the most holy offerings (including grain/offered bread), reaffirming the priestly privilege and duty to consume sacrificial food described in Lev 7:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- And every grain offering that is baked in an oven, and all that is made in a pan or on a griddle, shall belong to the priest who offers it; it shall be his.
- And every grain offering that is baked in an oven, and all that is prepared in a pan or on a griddle, shall belong to the priest who offers it; it shall be his.
Lev.7.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- מנחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בלולה: ADJ,ptc,pas,f,sg,abs
- בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וחרבה: CONJ+ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאחיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 2:1-3 (verbal): Instructions for the grain (minchah) offering specify that it is mixed with oil (and frankincense) and some portions are given to the priests—directly parallels the statement that a minchah mingled with oil belongs to Aaron's sons.
- Exodus 29:33-34 (verbal): Rules about consecrated portions state that certain sacrificial flesh is to be eaten in a holy place and that this arrangement is an 'everlasting statute' for the priests—parallels the 'statute forever' and priestly entitlement language in Lev 7:10.
- Numbers 18:8-11 (thematic): God reiterates that the holy contributions and portions of offerings are given to Aaron and his sons and describes these priestly rights as a perpetual grant (covenant), echoing Lev 7:10's allocation of minchah to the priests and its enduring character.
- Deuteronomy 18:1-5 (thematic): States that the priests (and Levites) have no territorial inheritance because they are to eat the LORD's offerings made by fire—parallels Lev 7:10's concern with priestly portions and the principle that priests are sustained by the sacrificial gifts of the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- And every grain offering, whether mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, each alike with his brother.
- And every grain offering, mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, each alike with his brother.
And this is the instruction for the guilt offering: it is most holy.
In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering, they shall slaughter the guilt offering; and its blood shall be dashed against the altar all around. And he shall present from it all its fat: the fat tail and the fat that covers the entrails,
and the two kidneys and the fat that is on them, that is on the loins, and the lobe over the liver—he shall remove it with the kidneys. And the priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar as a fire-offering to the LORD; it is a guilt offering.
Every male among the priests may eat it; in a holy place it shall be eaten; it is most holy.
As the sin offering, so the guilt offering—one instruction applies to both; the priest who makes atonement with it—it shall belong to him. And the priest who offers a man’s burnt offering—the skin of the burnt offering that he has offered belongs to the priest; it shall be his. And every grain offering that is baked in an oven, and all that is made in a pan or on a griddle, shall belong to the priest who offers it; it shall be his. And every grain offering, whether mixed with oil or dry, shall belong to all the sons of Aaron, each equally with his brother.