Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order
1 Kings 4:1-19
1 K.4.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.5:4-5 (structural): Like 1 Kgs 4:1, these verses state the establishment of a king's rule over all Israel (David’s reign over Judah first, then over all Israel in Jerusalem) — a precedent for Solomon’s universal kingship.
- 1 Kgs.2:12 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: Solomon succeeds David and takes the throne, marking the transition to his reign described in 1 Kgs 4:1.
- 1 Kgs.4:20-21 (verbal): Close intra-book parallel that expands 4:1, describing the extent and prosperity of Solomon’s rule over all Israel and neighboring territories.
- 1 Chr.29:23 (verbal): Chronicles’ retelling of the succession: Solomon sits on the throne in place of David and rules over all Israel — a verbal and thematic restatement of 1 Kgs 4:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now King Solomon was king over all Israel.
- And King Solomon reigned over all Israel.
1 K.4.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- עזריהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 8:17 (verbal): Names Zadok as priest in David’s administration—establishes the Zadokite priesthood that continues into Solomon’s reign, providing background for Azariah son of Zadok.
- 1 Chronicles 18:16 (structural): Parallel account to 2 Samuel 8:17; repeats the listing of Zadok as priest in David’s time, confirming the priestly office held by Zadok’s family.
- 1 Kings 2:35 (allusion): Records Solomon’s confirmation of Zadok as priest (and the removal of Abiathar), explaining Zadok’s elevated status and the presence of his son Azariah among Solomon’s officials.
- 1 Chronicles 6: (genealogical passages on the priests) (verbal): The priestly genealogies (1 Chr 6/24) trace Zadok’s descent among the Eleazarite priests and enumerate his descendants, providing genealogical context for Azariah son of Zadok.
- Ezekiel 44:15 (thematic): Speaks of the sons of Zadok as the legitimate priests in the restored temple—thematises the special status and continuity of Zadok’s priestly line reflected in Azariah’s office.
Alternative generated candidates
- And these were the chief officers who were with him: Azariah son of Zadok the priest.
- Now these are the chief officers who were with him: Azariah son of Zadok the priest.
1 K.4.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אליחרף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואחיה: CONJ+VERB,hiphil,impf,1,c,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שישא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ספרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהושפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחילוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המזכיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 8:16 (verbal): Names Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud as the 'recorder' (mazkir) in David's court — the same name and office found in 1 Kings 4:3, showing continuity of the administrative office.
- 2 Samuel 20:25 (verbal): Again lists Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud as recorder in the narrative of David's reign, reinforcing the verbal correspondence about this official.
- 1 Chronicles 18:15 (verbal): The Chronicler's parallel to the Samuel account includes Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud among David's officials as recorder, a close verbal/structural match to 1 Kings 4:3.
- 2 Chronicles 9:29 (thematic): Refers to the written records and sources for Solomon's reign ('the acts of Solomon' recorded by court figures), thematically connecting to the presence of scribes (Elihoreph and Ahijah) and a recorder in 1 Kings 4:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Elihoreph and Ahiah, sons of Shisha, the secretaries; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud, the recorder.
- Elihoreph and Ahijah, sons of Shisha, were the scribes; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder.
1 K.4.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובניהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוידע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הצבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדוק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואביתר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כהנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 8:18 (verbal): Records the same pairing of Benaiah son of Jehoiada as commander of the army and the chief priests (Zadok and Abiathar); closely parallels the wording of 1 Kgs 4:4.
- 1 Kings 2:35 (structural): Solomon appoints Benaiah son of Jehoiada over the host (and establishes the priesthood), reaffirming Benaiah’s military role under Solomon’s reign.
- 2 Samuel 23:20-23 (thematic): Describes Benaiah son of Jehoiada’s valorous deeds and his position among David’s chief warriors, providing background on the man named in 1 Kgs 4:4.
- 1 Chronicles 11:22-25 (thematic): Gives an account of Benaiah’s exploits and valor similar to 2 Samuel 23, linking the military commander of 1 Kgs 4:4 to the list of David’s mighty men.
Alternative generated candidates
- Benaiah son of Jehoiada over the army; and Zadok and Abiathar were priests.
- Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the army; and Zadok and Abiathar were priests.
1 K.4.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועזריהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הנצבים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- וזבוד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 1 Kings 4:2-6 (structural): Immediate context: a contiguous list of Solomon’s officers and priests (including Zabud and other court officials); this verse is part of that administrative roster.
- 1 Kings 4:3 (verbal): Parallel wording and offices (priests, recorders, officers) in the same chapter—repeats the catalogue of court and priestly personnel serving the king.
- 2 Samuel 8:17-18 (thematic): Under David a similar arrangement appears: priests (Zadok, Abiathar) and chief officers are attached to the royal court, showing continuity in priestly and administrative roles at the throne.
- 1 Chronicles 28:2-6 (thematic): David gathers and appoints his leading officials, priests and counselors for the monarchy—parallels the presence of priests and royal confidants like Zabud in the king’s household and administration.
Alternative generated candidates
- Azariah son of Nathan over the officials; Zabud son of Nathan was priest, a friend of the king.
- Azariah son of Nathan was over the officers; Zabud son of Nathan was priest, a friend of the king.
1 K.4.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואחישר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואדנירם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבדא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- המס: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 20:26 (verbal): Names Ahishar as officer over the king’s household — the same official title/name found in 1 Kgs 4:6 (Ahishar over the house).
- 1 Chronicles 27:32 (verbal): Lists Adoram/Adoniram (son of Abda) as the official in charge of forced labor/tribute, matching the role attributed in 1 Kgs 4:6.
- 1 Kings 12:18 (allusion): Later narrative reference to Adoniram/Adoram (the official over the levy/tribute) who is stoned during Rehoboam’s reign — a direct narrative link to the same office/person named in 1 Kgs 4:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Ahishar was over the household, and Adoniram son of Abda was over the levy.
- Ahishar was over the household; Adoniram son of Abda was over the levy.
1 K.4.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ולשלמה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- נצבים: ADJ,masc,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכלכלו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- לכלכל: VERB,qal,inf
Parallels
- 2 Chronicles 9:23 (verbal): Direct parallel statement: Chronicles repeats that Solomon had twelve officers over Israel who provided for the king and his household, each serving a year.
- 1 Chronicles 27:1-15 (structural): Lists twelve tribal/district chiefs who served in rotation to provide for the king’s needs—an organizational analogue to Solomon’s twelve governors.
- Exodus 18:21-26 (thematic): Jethro’s instruction to appoint capable officials to bear administrative burdens parallels the principle of delegated governance embodied in Solomon’s twelve officers.
- Genesis 41:41-49 (thematic): Joseph’s appointment of overseers and the organized storage/distribution of grain in Egypt provides a comparable model of centralized administrative provisioning for a ruler and the realm.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Solomon had twelve district governors over all Israel, to provide for the king and his household—each one a month in the year they provided.
- And Solomon had twelve district governors over all Israel, who provided for the king and for his household—each man his month in the year they were responsible.
1 K.4.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
- שמותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 4:2-7 (structural): Immediate context: the contiguous list of Solomon’s twelve district governors (Ben‑Hur is one of these rulers); 1 Kgs 4:8 is part of this roster and parallels the surrounding verses that enumerate the officials.
- 1 Kings 4:1, 4:9 (verbal): Other verses in the same chapter that name Solomon’s chief officials and districts, repeating the administrative framework in which ‘Ben‑Hur in Mount Ephraim’ appears.
- Judges 4:5 (verbal): Uses the identical geographic phrase ‘in the hill country (or Mount) of Ephraim’ (בהר אפרים) — a verbal parallel showing the same regional designation elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible.
- 1 Chronicles 27:16-22 (structural): A parallel administrative list from David’s reign detailing officers and regional overseers; thematically analogous to Solomon’s roster of district governors including a representative for Ephraim.
- Joshua 17:14-18 (thematic): Discusses the territory and hill country of Ephraim and the tribal allotment, providing background on the region ('Mount/Ephraim') referenced for Ben‑Hur’s jurisdiction.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now these are their names: Ben-hur in the hill country of Ephraim.
- And these are their names: Ben-Hur in the hill country of Ephraim;
1 K.4.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במקץ: PREP
- ובשעלבים: PREP
- ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
- שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואילון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Kings 4:8 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: adjacent entry in the roster of Solomon's district officers and their towns, continuing the same administrative list and literary form.
- 1 Kings 4:10 (structural): Another entry in the same enumerative list of Solomon's twelve regional officials; parallels in content (official's name paired with towns) and function within the chapter's roster.
- 1 Chronicles 27:25-31 (thematic): Chronicle's roster of David's officials and officers over divisions/regions parallels Solomon's administrative organization—both texts present a province-by-province management structure.
- 2 Chronicles 9:22-23 (thematic): States that Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel who provided provisions for the king, directly paralleling the purpose and number behind the list of district governors in 1 Kings 4.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ben-deker at Makaz; Shaalbim, Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan.
- Ben-deker at Makaz, Shaalbim, Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan;
1 K.4.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארבות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- שכה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 4:1-19 (structural): Immediate literary parallel — the surrounding verses list the twelve district governors of Solomon and their assigned towns/territories (same administrative list/context).
- 1 Chronicles 27:23-31 (thematic): Lists David’s officials who oversaw treasuries, storehouses, and regional provisions — parallels the royal administrative/financial bureaucracy and provincial oversight reflected in 1 Kings 4.
- 2 Chronicles 9:25-28 (structural): Chronicles’ parallel account of Solomon’s government and resources (officers, chariots/horsemen, and provisions) echoing the administrative organization described in 1 Kings 4.
- 1 Kings 4:11 (structural): Adjacent entry in the same list of Solomon’s district governors (Ben-Besekh in Makaz, Shaalbim, and Beth-shemesh) — another member of the same catalog of officials and territorial assignments.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ben-hesed in Aruboth; Socoh and all the land of Hepher were his.
- Ben-hesed in Aruboth—he had Socoh and all the land of Hepher;
1 K.4.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבינדב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- נפת: NOUN,f,sg,constr
- דאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- טפת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- לאשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 3:1 (thematic): Solomon’s marriage alliances with foreign royalty (Pharaoh’s daughter) — parallels the use of marriage in Solomon’s reign as political and dynastic arrangement.
- 1 Kings 11:1-3 (thematic): Summary of Solomon’s many foreign wives and their influence — provides the broader context for references to his daughters/wives such as Taphath and the political/religious consequences of such marriages.
- 2 Chronicles 8:11 (structural): Parallel/related account in Chronicles describing Solomon’s marital alliances (bringing Pharaoh’s daughter into the city of David) — a historiographical parallel to the material in Kings about royal marriages.
- 1 Samuel 18:27 (thematic): Saul gives his daughter Michal to David as part of a political/reward arrangement — comparable practice of using royal daughters in political marriages and rewards.
- Genesis 38:6-10 (thematic): Example of daughters given in marriage for familial/political purposes (Judah and Tamar) — thematically parallels the social and dynastic role of daughters like Taphath in ancient Israelite society.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ben-Abinadab in Naphoth-dor; Taphath, daughter of Solomon, was his wife.
- Ben-Avindab in all Naphath-dor—Taphath daughter of Solomon was his wife;
1 K.4.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בענא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחילוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תענך: VERB,qal,imf,3,f,sg
- ומגדו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אצל: PREP
- צרתנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מתחת: PREP
- ליזרעאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- אבל: CONJ
- מחולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליקמעם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Judges 1:27 (verbal): Mentions the same towns (Taanach, Megiddo, Beth‑shan) in the earlier settlement narrative — shared place‑names and regional setting.
- 1 Kings 9:15 (thematic): Lists Solomon’s building/fortification activity at Megiddo and related royal control of these strategic sites; underscores the king’s authority over the same region named in 1 Kgs 4:12.
- 1 Chronicles 27:25-31 (structural): Provides a comparable list of royal administrators and officials under David (storehouses, treasurers, provincial overseers), paralleling the administrative structure reflected in Solomon’s district governors.
- 1 Kings 4:11 (structural): Immediately adjacent verse in the same chapter listing another of Solomon’s district officials — part of the chapter’s systematic catalogue of provincial stewards and their jurisdictions.
Alternative generated candidates
- Baana son of Ahilud—Taanach and Megiddo, and all Beth-shean that is beside Zartanah, beneath Jezreel; from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah, as far as beyond Jokmeam.
- Baana son of Ahilud—Taanach, Megiddo, and all Beth-shan that is near Zartanah, below Jezreel—from Beth-shan to Abel-meholah as far as beyond Jokmeam;
1 K.4.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ברמת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cnst
- גלעד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- חות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יאיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בגלעד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- חבל: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- ארגב: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בבשן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ששים: NUM,card
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גדלות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- חומה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובריח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 3:13 (verbal): Mentions the grant of Gilead and Bashan to the half‑tribe of Manasseh and identifies Jair (Yair) son of Manasseh and the region of Argob/Havvoth‑Yair — background for the same territory and eponymous leader cited in 1 Kgs 4:13.
- Joshua 13:30-31 (verbal): Lists the cities of Argob in Bashan and explicitly gives the number and character of the towns in that district (the sixty cities), paralleling the geographic/administrative description in 1 Kgs 4:13.
- Judges 10:3-5 (allusion): Describes Jair the Gileadite (Yair) and his thirty settlements (Havvoth‑Yair), connecting to the figure/name Yair (son of Manasseh) associated with Gilead in 1 Kgs 4:13 and the tradition of local eponymous rulers.
- 1 Chronicles 27:25-31 (structural): Catalogue of David’s regional officers and administrative divisions; parallels 1 Kgs 4:7–19 structurally by reflecting the organization of royal districts/officials (including Gilead/territorial officials) under the monarch’s bureaucracy.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ben-geber in Ramoth-gilead; to him belonged Jair son of Manasseh in Gilead—the region of Argob in Bashan, sixty great cities, fortified with bronze bars and bolts.
- Ben-geber in Ramoth-gilead—he had the towns of Jair son of Manasseh in Gilead, and the district of Argob in Bashan: sixty large, fortified cities with bronze bars;
1 K.4.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אחינדב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עדא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחנימה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 4:2-19 (structural): The broader passage that lists Solomon’s twelve district governors; 1 Kgs 4:14 is one entry in this administrative roster.
- 2 Chronicles 9:23-24 (verbal): A parallel list in Chronicles describing Solomon’s twelve governors who provided provisions for the king—another rendering of the same administrative arrangement and many of the same names.
- Genesis 32:2 (allusion): Earliest narrative reference to the place Mahanaim (Jacob’s encampment); connects the place-name in 1 Kgs 4:14 to its earlier literary and geographical background.
- 2 Samuel 2:8 (thematic): Mahanaim appears again in the early-monarchy conflict (Abner/Ish-bosheth taking refuge there), showing Mahanaim’s continued significance as a political/geographical locus in Israelite history.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ahinadab son of Iddo in Mahanaim.
- Ahindab son of Ada in Mahanaim;
1 K.4.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אחימעץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנפתלי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גם: ADV
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בשמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לאשה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Sam.18:19-27 (verbal): Shares the name Ahimaaz (here a different Ahimaaz, son of Zadok), showing recurrence of the personal name in Israelite narrative tradition.
- Gen.26:34; Gen.36:2 (verbal): The name Basemath (Basmath/Basemeth) appears elsewhere as the name of one of Esau's wives, a lexical parallel for the daughter’s name here.
- 1 Kgs.11:1-3 (thematic): Discusses Solomon’s many marriages (including foreign wives) and the political/religious implications of royal marriages, thematically related to a king’s daughter being married into elite families.
- 1 Chr.27:1-15 (structural): Lists royal officers and administrative divisions in David’s reign; structurally parallels 1 Kings 4’s listing of Solomon’s officials and household connections.
Alternative generated candidates
- Ahimaaz in Naphtali; he also took Basemath, daughter of Solomon, for a wife.
- Ahimaaz in Naphtali—he too took Basemath daughter of Solomon as his wife;
1 K.4.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בענא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באשר: CONJ
- ובעלות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 1Kgs.4.7 (structural): Same chapter’s summary statement that Solomon appointed twelve district officials to supply the king’s household — 1 Kgs 4:16 is one entry in that administrative roster.
- 2Chr.9.22 (structural): Chronicles repeats Solomon’s arrangement of twelve district governors over Israel, providing a parallel list of officials and territorial assignments.
- 1Chr.27:25-31 (thematic): Chronicles’ cataloging of tribal leaders and administrative officers in David/Solomon-era governance parallels the theme of organized provincial and court appointments.
- 2Sam.8:18 (thematic): Naming of specific royal officers (e.g., Benaiah over the Cherethites and Pelethites) illustrates the same phenomenon of designated officials with defined responsibilities, paralleling 1 Kgs 4’s roster.
Alternative generated candidates
- Baana son of Hushai in Asher and in Aloth.
- Baanah son of Hushai in Asher and in Aloth;
1 K.4.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יהושפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביששכר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 4:16 (structural): Immediate neighboring entry in the same catalogue of Solomon's district leaders (lists Shimri in Naphtali), showing 1 Kings 4 is a structured roster of tribal/administrative officials.
- 1 Kings 4:18 (structural): Another entry from the same chapter enumerating household and regional officers (mentions Ahishar and Adoniram), underlining that v.17 is part of Solomon’s administrative list.
- 1 Kings 4:1 (structural): Introduction to Solomon's reign and administration; frames the chapter’s purpose in listing the king’s officers and officials, of which Jehoshaphat son of Paruah (Issachar) is one.
- 1 Chronicles 27:20 (thematic): Part of David’s systematic listing of tribal leaders and administrative heads (here naming the leader for Issachar), thematically parallel to Solomon’s assignment of tribal/district officials in 1 Kings 4.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jehoshaphat son of Paruah in Issachar.
- Jehoshaphat son of Paruah in Issachar;
1 K.4.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שמעי: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אלא: CONJ
- בבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Chronicles 27:16 (verbal): Gives a closely corresponding listing of tribal officers/heads; the same name and Benjamin affiliation appear in the parallel administrative roster (verbal correspondence and continuity between lists).
- 1 Kings 4:1-19 (structural): Verse 18 is part of this larger catalog of Solomon's district officers; the surrounding verses form the same administrative roster and context.
- 2 Chronicles 9:21-23 (structural): Chronicles offers a parallel account of Solomon's officials and administration; these verses function as a counterpart to the list in 1 Kings 4, showing the same institutional structure (administrative parallel).
Alternative generated candidates
- Shimei son of Ela in Benjamin.
- Shimei son of Ela in Benjamin;
1 K.4.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- גלעד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סיחון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ועג: CONJ
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הבשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונציב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 21:21-31 (verbal): Narrates Israel's defeat of Sihon king of the Amorites and the seizure of his land, the foundational event behind the reference to 'the land of Sihon' in 1 Kings 4:19.
- Deuteronomy 2:24-37 (verbal): Retells the conquest of Sihon and the disposition of his territory east of the Jordan, providing legal and territorial background for the designation 'land of Sihon' and its inclusion in Israelite administration.
- Deuteronomy 3:1-11 (verbal): Describes Israel's defeat of Og king of Bashan and the taking of his cities in Bashan, which explains the mention of 'Og king of Bashan' and the region assigned in 1 Kings 4:19.
- Joshua 12:3-4 (verbal): Gives a royal catalogue of defeated kings east of the Jordan, explicitly naming Sihon and Og—paralleling the geographic and historical markers cited in 1 Kings 4:19.
- Judges 11:17-18 (allusion): Jephthah appeals to Israel's earlier dealings with Sihon and Og to define territorial limits; echoes the same tradition of these kings' lands (Gilead/Bashan) that underlies the territorial note in 1 Kings 4:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- Gibbar son of Ari in the land of Gilead—the land of Sihon king of the Amorites and Og king of Bashan; one governor was over the land.
- Gever son of Ari in the land of Gilead—the land of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan; there was one governor in that land.
Now King Solomon reigned over all Israel.
These were the chief officers who served him: Azariah son of Zadok the priest.
Elihoreph and Ahijah, sons of Shisha, were scribes; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder. And Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the army, and Zadok and Abiathar were priests.
Azariah son of Nathan was over the officers; Zabud son of Nathan was priest and the king’s confidant.
Ahishar was over the household, and Adoniram son of Abda was over the tribute. And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, who provided for the king and his household—each man was in office one month of the year.
Their names were: Ben-hur in the hill country of Ephraim.
Ben-deker at Makaz, Shaalbim, Beth-shemesh, and Elon-beth-hanan.
Ben-hesed in Aruboth—Socoh and all the land of Hepher belonged to him.
Ben-Avinadav in Naphath-dor; Taphath, daughter of Solomon, was his wife.
Baanah son of Ahilud—Taanach, Megiddo, and all Beth-shean that is by Zartanah, beneath Jezreel; from Beth-shean to Abel-meholah as far as the border of Jokneam.
Ben-geber in Ramoth-gilead; to him belonged the region of Jair son of Manasseh that is in Gilead; to him belonged Argob in Bashan—sixty large, fortified cities with bronze bars.
Ahindab son of Ada in Mahanaim.
Ahimaaz in Naphtali—he also took Basemath, daughter of Solomon, for his wife.
Baanah son of Hushai in Asher and in Aloth.
Jehoshaphat son of Paruah in Issachar.
Shimei in Benjamin.
Geber son of Uri in the land of Gilead—the country of Sihon king of the Amorites and Og king of Bashan; there was one governor in the land.