Psalms 78–72

Psalm 78:1-72

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 To the choirmaster. A Maskil of Asaph. Hear, my people, my instruction; incline your ears to the words of my mouth.

Psa.78.1 - Details

Translation

To the choirmaster. A Maskil of Asaph. Hear, my people, my instruction; incline your ears to the words of my mouth.

Original Text

משכיל לאסף האזינה עמי תורתי הטו אזנכם לאמרי־ פי׃

Morphology

  • משכיל: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • לאסף: VERB,qal,inf
  • האזינה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
  • תורתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • הטו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • אזנכם: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • לאמרי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
  • פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct

Parallels

  • Deut. 32:1 (verbal): Both use the formulaic address asking creation/people to give ear and contain the phrase 'the words of my mouth'—a close verbal and thematic echo.
  • Ps. 81:8 (verbal): Same imperative 'Hear, my people' and call to instruction; similar speakerly address urging the people to listen.
  • Ps. 50:7 (verbal): Begins 'Hear, O my people, and I will speak'—the same opening invocation and promise of spoken instruction as in Ps 78:1.
  • Deut. 6:4 (allusion): The Shema ('Hear, O Israel') supplies the foundational summons to listen to divine teaching that Psalm 78 invokes—an overarching thematic parallel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A Maskil of Asaph. Hear, my people, my instruction; incline your ears to the words of my mouth.
  • A Maskil of Asaph. Hear, my people, my instruction; incline your ears to the words of my mouth.
2 I will open my mouth in a parable; I will utter riddles from of old,

Psa.78.2 - Details

Translation

I will open my mouth in a parable; I will utter riddles from of old,

Original Text

אפתחה במשל פי אביעה חידות מני־ קדם׃

Morphology

  • אפתחה: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • במשל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • אביעה: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • חידות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons

Parallels

  • Matthew 13:35 (quotation): Direct NT citation of Ps 78:2: “I will open my mouth in parables…” — Matthew treats Jesus’ use of parables as fulfillment of this verse.
  • Luke 8:10 (thematic): Jesus contrasts revelation to disciples and parabolic speaking to others: links the idea of revealing 'secrets' while speaking in parables, echoing Ps 78:2’s 'dark sayings'.
  • Isaiah 6:9-10 (thematic): Prophetic explanation for speaking so as to obscure or harden hearing; New Testament authors (and Gospel narratives) connect this dynamic with the function of parables (cf. Matthew/Mark).
  • Psalm 78:4 (structural): Immediate context within the same psalm: verse 4 explains the purpose of the parables/'dark sayings' — to teach succeeding generations what was heard from the fathers.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will open my mouth in a parable; I will utter riddles from of old,
  • I will open my mouth in a parable; I will utter dark sayings from of old,
3 what we have heard and known, and what our fathers have told us.

Psa.78.3 - Details

Translation

what we have heard and known, and what our fathers have told us.

Original Text

אשר שמענו ונדעם ואבותינו ספרו־ לנו׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
  • ונדעם: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
  • ואבותינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
  • ספרו: VERB,qal,impv,2,_,pl
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 44:1 (verbal): Shares the same wording and idea—'we have heard with our ears... our fathers have told us'—a near verbal echo about received testimony from ancestors.
  • Exodus 10:2 (verbal): God's command that the acts in Egypt be told 'in the ears of your son, and of your son's son,' closely parallels the motif and phrasing of transmitting events to descendants.
  • Deuteronomy 6:20-25 (thematic): Instructions for parents to explain God's deeds and commandments to their children when asked—the social and theological practice of passing faith to the next generation.
  • Psalm 145:4 (thematic): Declares that 'one generation shall praise your works to another,' expressing the same structural theme of intergenerational transmission of knowledge about God's acts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • what we have heard and known, and what our fathers have told us.
  • which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us.
4 We will not hide them from their children; to the generation to come we will recount the praises of the LORD, his strength and his wondrous deeds.

Psa.78.4 - Details

Translation

We will not hide them from their children; to the generation to come we will recount the praises of the LORD, his strength and his wondrous deeds.

Original Text

לא נכחד ׀ מבניהם לדור אחרון מספרים תהלות יהוה ועזוזו ונפלאותיו אשר עשה׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נכחד: VERB,niph,perf,3,m,sg
  • מבניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m,pl
  • לדור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחרון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • מספרים: VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,pl
  • תהלות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ועזוזו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff:3,m,sg
  • ונפלאותיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 4:9 (structural): An explicit instruction to guard and teach God's works to the next generation—similar admonition to not hide the acts of God but to pass them on.
  • Deuteronomy 6:6-7 (verbal): Commands parents to teach God's words to their children repeatedly, echoing Psalm 78:4's emphasis on telling the next generation.
  • Psalm 145:4 (verbal): 'One generation shall commend your works to another' closely mirrors the language and purpose of recounting God's deeds to succeeding generations.
  • Psalm 71:18 (thematic): A personal vow to declare God's power to a future generation—shares the same goal of transmitting praise and God's mighty acts across generations.
  • Psalm 22:30-31 (thematic): Speaks of posterity and a people yet unborn declaring the Lord's righteousness and works, reflecting Psalm 78:4's focus on telling coming generations about God's wonders.

Alternative generated candidates

  • We will not hide them from their children; we will tell to the coming generation the praises of the LORD, his strength and the wondrous works that he has done.
  • We will not hide them from their children; we will declare to the coming generation the praises of the LORD, his might, and the wondrous works that he has done.
5 He established a statute in Jacob and set a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers to teach to their children;

Psa.78.5 - Details

Translation

He established a statute in Jacob and set a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers to teach to their children;

Original Text

ויקם עדות ׀ ביעקב ותורה שם בישראל אשר צוה את־ אבותינו להודיעם לבניהם׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • עדות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ביעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ותורה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שם: ADV
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אבותינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1cp
  • להודיעם: VERB,hiph,infc,3,m,pl
  • לבניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 4:9-10 (verbal): Commands Israel to take care to teach the things God has shown and to tell them to their children—closely parallels Psalm 78:5's emphasis on informing the next generation.
  • Deuteronomy 6:6-7 (thematic): Directs parents to keep God's words in their heart and to teach them diligently to their children—same instructional/educational purpose as Ps 78:5.
  • Deuteronomy 11:18-21 (verbal): Speaks of laying up God's words and teaching them to children so that future generations learn and fear the LORD—parallels the charge given to the fathers in Ps 78:5.
  • Psalm 147:19-20 (verbal): Affirms that God declares his statutes to Jacob and his laws to Israel, echoing the language of establishing testimony and law in Ps 78:5.
  • Exodus 13:8 (thematic): Instructs parents to tell their children the meaning of the Passover as a memorial of God's acts—an early example of the obligation to inform children about God's deeds and commands reflected in Ps 78:5.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He established a decree in Jacob and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers to teach their children,
  • He established a statute in Jacob and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers to teach their children;
6 that the generation to come might know them— the children yet unborn— who would rise up and tell them to their children,

Psa.78.6 - Details

Translation

that the generation to come might know them— the children yet unborn— who would rise up and tell them to their children,

Original Text

למען ידעו ׀ דור אחרון בנים יולדו יקמו ויספרו לבניהם׃

Morphology

  • למען: PREP
  • ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • דור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחרון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יולדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • יקמו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויספרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לבניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 6:7 (thematic): Commands parents to teach God's words to their children — the same duty of transmitting divine deeds and instruction to the next generation as in Ps 78:6.
  • Deuteronomy 4:9-10 (thematic): Warns Israel to remember and tell their children about the day they stood before the LORD — parallel concern to preserve and recount God's acts for those yet to be born.
  • Psalm 145:4 (verbal): ‘One generation shall praise your works to another’ — a close verbal and thematic echo emphasizing intergenerational praise and testimony.
  • Psalm 22:30-31 (thematic): Speaks of future generations declaring the LORD’s righteousness and of a people to be born who will be told — resonates with Ps 78:6’s motif of passing testimony to coming children.

Alternative generated candidates

  • that the next generation might know them, the children yet to be born, and arise and tell them to their children,
  • that the next generation might know them, the children yet unborn, and rise up and tell them to their children,
7 that they might put their confidence in God and not forget the deeds of God, but keep his commandments;

Psa.78.7 - Details

Translation

that they might put their confidence in God and not forget the deeds of God, but keep his commandments;

Original Text

וישימו באלהים כסלם ולא ישכחו מעללי־ אל ומצותיו ינצרו׃

Morphology

  • וישימו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כסלם: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ישכחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מעללי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • אל: NEG
  • ומצותיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
  • ינצרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Proverbs 3:1 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: 'My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments' echoes Psalms' injunction not to forget God's works and to keep his commandments.
  • Deuteronomy 6:12 (thematic): Warning against forgetting the LORD who delivered Israel; thematically parallels the call to set hope on God and not forget his deeds.
  • Deuteronomy 4:9 (structural): A charge to take care, remember what one has seen, and teach the next generation—parallels Psalm 78's emphasis on remembering God's acts and passing them on.
  • Psalm 106:13 (verbal): Explicitly states 'they soon forgot his works,' offering a stark contrast and close verbal echo to Psalm 78:7's admonition not to forget God's works.

Alternative generated candidates

  • so that they should set their hope in God and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments;
  • that they might set their hope in God and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments;
8 and not be like their fathers, a stubborn, rebellious generation— a generation that did not set its heart aright and whose spirit was not faithful to God.

Psa.78.8 - Details

Translation

and not be like their fathers, a stubborn, rebellious generation— a generation that did not set its heart aright and whose spirit was not faithful to God.

Original Text

ולא יהיו ׀ כאבותם דור סורר ומרה דור לא־ הכין לבו ולא־ נאמנה את־ אל רוחו׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כאבותם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3mp
  • דור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • סורר: ADJ,m,sg
  • ומרה: CONJ+ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • דור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • הכין: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נאמנה: ADJ,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אל: NEG
  • רוחו: NOUN,f,sg,prsuf3ms

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:5 (verbal): Describes a ‘perverse’ generation and children ‘in whom is no faith,’ echoing Ps 78:8’s charge of a rebellious generation lacking faithfulness.
  • Exodus 32:8 (thematic): Moses calls Israel ‘a stiff‑necked people’ who quickly turned aside—paralleling Ps 78:8’s portrait of a stubborn, rebellious generation.
  • Isaiah 63:10 (verbal): Speaks of the people who ‘rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit,’ closely paralleling Ps 78:8’s clause about a generation not faithful to God’s Spirit.
  • Psalm 95:10 (verbal): Speaks of the generation that ‘erred in their heart’ and provoked God for forty years—language very similar to Ps 78:8’s failure to prepare the heart and be faithful.
  • Hebrews 3:8–10 (allusion): The NT warns against hardening the heart ‘as in the rebellion,’ citing the wilderness generation’s unfaithfulness—an explicit application of the same theme behind Ps 78:8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and that they should not be like their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation whose heart was not steadfast and whose spirit was not faithful to God.
  • and not be like their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation that did not prepare its heart and whose spirit was not faithful to God.
9 The sons of Ephraim, men skilled with the bow, turned back on the day of battle.

Psa.78.9 - Details

Translation

The sons of Ephraim, men skilled with the bow, turned back on the day of battle.

Original Text

בני־ אפרים נושקי רומי־ קשת הפכו ביום קרב׃

Morphology

  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נושקי: VERB,qal,ptcp,-,m,pl
  • רומי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הפכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • ביום: PREP
  • קרב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 49:23-24 (verbal): Jacob's blessing describes archers attacking Joseph (ancestor of Ephraim) and the resilience of his 'bow'—verbal imagery of archers and bow linked to Ephraim/Joseph.
  • Judges 8:1-3 (thematic): After the campaign against Midian, the men of Ephraim confront Gideon about not being called—shows Ephraim's disputed role and troubled conduct in the aftermath of battle, echoing Ps 78:9's portrait of Ephraim in wartime.
  • Judges 12:4-6 (thematic): Conflict between Gilead and Ephraim where many Ephraimites are routed and slain at the fords of Jordan—an episode of Ephraim's military failure/defeat that parallels 'turning back in the day of battle.'
  • Hosea 7:11 (thematic): Ephraim is likened to a foolish dove that flees to Egypt and Assyria in crisis—a prophetic indictment of Ephraim's tendency to turn away or flee in times of danger, resonant with Ps 78:9.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The sons of Ephraim, trained archers, turned back on the day of battle.
  • The sons of Ephraim, archers skilled with the bow, turned back on the day of battle.
10 They did not keep the covenant of God and refused to walk in his law.

Psa.78.10 - Details

Translation

They did not keep the covenant of God and refused to walk in his law.

Original Text

לא שמרו ברית אלהים ובתורתו מאנו ללכת׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • שמרו: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,pl
  • ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ובתורתו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מאנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:8 (thematic): Describes Israel’s rapid turning away and breach of God’s commands (golden calf episode), thematically matching Ps 78:10’s charge that they did not keep God’s covenant.
  • Hosea 6:7 (verbal): States explicitly that Israel ‘transgressed the covenant,’ using covenantal language that closely parallels Ps 78:10’s accusation of not keeping God’s covenant.
  • Psalm 106:7–8 (structural): Within the Psalter another communal confession recounts the fathers’ failure to obey God and to keep his covenant, repeating the same tradition and moral judgment found in Ps 78:10.
  • Ezekiel 20:13 (verbal): God condemns the people for not walking in his statutes and profaning his Sabbaths—language very similar to Ps 78:10’s refusal to walk in God’s law.
  • Deuteronomy 9:12 (allusion): Moses recounts Israel’s corruption and rapid turning aside from the way commanded by God, an event/background alluded to by Ps 78:10’s claim that they kept not the covenant and refused his law.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They did not keep the covenant of God and refused to walk in his law;
  • They did not keep the covenant of God and refused to walk in his law.
11 They forgot his works and the wonders he had shown them.

Psa.78.11 - Details

Translation

They forgot his works and the wonders he had shown them.

Original Text

וישכחו עלילותיו ונפלאותיו אשר הראם׃

Morphology

  • וישכחו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
  • עלילותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ונפלאותיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • הראם: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg,obj:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Judges 2:10 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel: a later generation 'knew not the LORD, nor yet the works which he had done for Israel,' echoing the theme of forgetting God's deeds.
  • Deuteronomy 8:11-14 (thematic): Warning not to forget the LORD after enjoying his blessings; explains the moral and situational context for Israel's forgetting of God's works.
  • Deuteronomy 32:18 (thematic): Uses the language of forgetting God ('You forgot the Rock that begot you')—a related motif of ingratitude and failure to remember the divine source and acts.
  • Nehemiah 9:17 (verbal): Confessional recounting that the people 'were not mindful of thy wondrous works'; closely echoes Psalm 78:11's language and theme of forgetting God's miracles.
  • Psalm 106:7 (thematic): Laments the fathers' failure to 'remember his wonders' (in Egypt and thereafter); Psalm 106 shares Psalm 78's retrospective indictment of Israel's forgetfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • they forgot his doings and the wonders that he had shown them.
  • They forgot his works and his wonders that he had shown them.
12 He worked wonders before their fathers in the land of Egypt, in the fields of Zoan.

Psa.78.12 - Details

Translation

He worked wonders before their fathers in the land of Egypt, in the fields of Zoan.

Original Text

נגד אבותם עשה פלא בארץ מצרים שדה־ צען׃

Morphology

  • נגד: PREP
  • אבותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • פלא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • שדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צען: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 7:3 (verbal): God says he will 'multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt'—a near verbal antecedent to the Psalm's report of wonders done in Egypt.
  • Psalm 105:27 (verbal): Psalm 105 retells the Exodus traditions and speaks of God's wondrous acts in the land of Egypt (including the phrase 'in the field of Zoan'), closely paralleling Psalm 78's wording and theme.
  • Psalm 106:22 (verbal): This psalm likewise speaks of God performing 'signs in Egypt' and 'wonders in the field of Zoan,' echoing the same tradition of miraculous acts in Egypt.
  • Psalm 78:43 (structural): Later in the same psalm the account is repeated (or summarized) with the same reference to God's signs in Egypt and wonders in the field of Zoan, showing internal repetition/structure.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He wrought marvels in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.
  • In the sight of their fathers he wrought marvels in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.
13 He divided the sea and led them through; he made the waters stand up like a heap.

Psa.78.13 - Details

Translation

He divided the sea and led them through; he made the waters stand up like a heap.

Original Text

בקע ים ויעבירם ויצב־ מים כמו־ נד׃

Morphology

  • בקע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • ויעבירם: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
  • ויצב: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כמו: PREP
  • נד: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:21–22 (quotation): Narrative account of the parting of the sea—Moses stretches out his hand, the sea is divided, and the people pass on dry ground, closely paralleling the psalm’s description.
  • Exodus 15:8 (verbal): In the Song of the Sea the waters are described as heaped up/standing firm at God’s command—poetic language that echoes the psalm’s 'waters like a heap.'
  • Psalm 106:9 (thematic): Retells the same deliverance: God rebuked the Red Sea and led Israel through the depths, a thematic reprise of Ps 78:13 in the Psalter’s memory of Exodus.
  • Nehemiah 9:11 (verbal): Part of the covenantal confession that repeats the Exodus wording—'You split the sea and made the waters stand like a heap'—closely echoing Ps 78:13.
  • Isaiah 63:11–12 (allusion): The prophet’s remembrance of God’s leading of Moses and the people through the sea alludes to the same salvific act described in Ps 78:13, invoking the motif of divine deliverance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He split the sea and led them through; he made the waters stand like a heap.
  • He divided the sea and made them pass through; he made the waters stand like a heap.
14 He led them by a cloud in daytime and all the night by a pillar of fire.

Psa.78.14 - Details

Translation

He led them by a cloud in daytime and all the night by a pillar of fire.

Original Text

וינחם בענן יומם וכל־ הלילה באור אש׃

Morphology

  • וינחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בענן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יומם: ADV
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • באור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 13:21-22 (quotation): Direct narrative source: God led Israel by a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night—language and imagery echoed in Ps 78:14.
  • Exodus 40:36-38 (verbal): Repeats the same motif of the cloud covering the tent by day and fire by night that guided Israel; closely parallels the wording and function in Ps 78:14.
  • Numbers 9:15-23 (thematic): Describes the cloud and fire's role in directing Israel's encampments and journeys, reinforcing the theme of divine guidance reflected in Ps 78:14.
  • Psalm 105:39-40 (verbal): Parallel psalmic retelling: God 'spread a cloud for a covering' and provided fire by night—uses similar imagery to celebrate the same saving acts mentioned in Ps 78:14.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He guided them by day with a cloud, and all night with a light of fire.
  • He led them with a cloud by day and all the night with a pillar of fire.
15 He cleft rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink like abundant springs.

Psa.78.15 - Details

Translation

He cleft rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink like abundant springs.

Original Text

יבקע צרים במדבר וישק כתהמות רבה׃

Morphology

  • יבקע: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • צרים: ADJ,m,pl
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וישק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כתהמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • רבה: ADJ,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 17:6 (verbal): God causes water to come from the rock for Israel (Moses strikes the rock at Horeb) — closely parallels the imagery of providing abundant water from the rock in the wilderness.
  • Numbers 20:11 (verbal): Moses strikes the rock at Meribah and water gushes out — a parallel narrative used as the historical basis for Psalm 78’s depiction of God giving water in the desert.
  • Psalm 105:41 (allusion): Retells the wilderness episode: God opened the rock and water gushed, running in the dry places — language and theme echo Psalm 78:15’s portrayal of abundant provision.
  • Psalm 114:8 (thematic): Speaks of the rock turning into a pool and flint into a fountain — similar poetic imagery of rock → source of water in the Exodus tradition.
  • Isaiah 48:21 (allusion): Refers to God making water flow from the rock so they did not thirst in the desert — a prophetic recall of the same divine act of providing water from the rock.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He split the rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink abundantly as from the deep.
  • He split open rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink abundant as the depths.
16 Streams came forth from the rock, and water flowed down like rivers.

Psa.78.16 - Details

Translation

Streams came forth from the rock, and water flowed down like rivers.

Original Text

ויוצא נוזלים מסלע ויורד כנהרות מים׃

Morphology

  • ויוצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • נוזלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מסלע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויורד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כנהרות: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 17:6 (allusion): Narrates the same wilderness miracle—God providing water from the rock for Israel; Psalm 78 recounts and echoes this Exodus episode.
  • Numbers 20:11 (verbal): Moses strikes the rock and 'water came out' (וַיֵּצֵא מָיִם), closely matching the language and imagery of water flowing from the rock.
  • Psalm 105:41 (quotation): Another psalmic retelling of the wilderness provision: it likewise describes God opening the rock and causing waters to flow for the people; language and theme closely parallel Ps 78:16.
  • Deuteronomy 8:15 (thematic): Reflects the theme of God sustaining Israel in the desert—'the rock that poured out water'—used to remind Israel of divine provision during wilderness wanderings.
  • Isaiah 43:20 (thematic): Uses similar imagery of God making 'rivers in the desert' and providing water for his people, echoing the motif of transforming barren places into sources of life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made streams flow from the rock and caused waters to run down like rivers.
  • He brought streams out of the rock and made waters flow like rivers.
17 Yet they continued to sin against him, rebelling against the Most High in the desert.

Psa.78.17 - Details

Translation

Yet they continued to sin against him, rebelling against the Most High in the desert.

Original Text

ויוסיפו עוד לחטא־ לו למרות עליון בציה׃

Morphology

  • ויוסיפו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • עוד: ADV
  • לחטא: VERB,qal,inf
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • למרות: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עליון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • בציה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:22 (thematic): Describes the Israelites' refusal to trust God and their rebellion in the wilderness, the historical incident underlying Psalm 78’s account of continued sin and rebellion against the Most High.
  • Psalm 95:8-9 (allusion): Warns against hardening hearts 'as at Meribah, as on the day at Massah,' alluding to the same wilderness rebellion and testing of God that Psalm 78 recounts.
  • Hebrews 3:8-9 (quotation): New Testament citation of Psalm 95’s warning about the wilderness rebellion; uses the same tradition to admonish against unbelief and rebellion toward God.
  • Psalm 106:7-8 (thematic): Retells Israel’s faithlessness and provocations in the wilderness and God’s response, paralleling Psalm 78’s depiction of the people sinning and rebelling against the Most High.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet they continued to sin against him, rebelling against the Most High in the desert.
  • Yet they continued to sin against him, to provoke the Most High in the desert.
18 They tempted God in their hearts by asking food for their craving.

Psa.78.18 - Details

Translation

They tempted God in their hearts by asking food for their craving.

Original Text

וינסו־ אל בלבבם לשאל־ אכל לנפשם׃

Morphology

  • וינסו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • בלבבם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp-suf
  • לשאל: VERB,qal,inf
  • אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנפשם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff3mp

Parallels

  • Exodus 17:7 (verbal): Uses the language of the people 'tempted the LORD' (testing God) in the context of Israel's complaints—closely parallels the phrase and idea of Ps 78:18.
  • Numbers 11:4-6 (thematic): Narrative of the Israelites craving meat and complaining in the wilderness—provides the historical episode behind Ps 78:18's mention of asking for food to satisfy their lust.
  • Deuteronomy 6:16 (quotation): The explicit command 'You shall not put the LORD your God to the test' — a legal/ethical norm that Ps 78 depicts the people violating by tempting God.
  • Psalm 106:14 (verbal): A parallel retelling in the Psalter: 'they lusted in the wilderness and tempted God'—the same tradition and wording echoed from Ps 78.
  • Matthew 4:7 (quotation): Jesus cites Deut 6:16 ('You shall not test the Lord your God') when resisting temptation, showing New Testament application of the prohibition against tempting God that Ps 78 records Israel as breaching.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They put God to the test in their heart by asking food for their craving.
  • They tested God in their heart and asked food for their craving.
19 They spoke against God, saying, “Can God spread a table in the wilderness?

Psa.78.19 - Details

Translation

They spoke against God, saying, “Can God spread a table in the wilderness?

Original Text

וידברו באלהים אמרו היוכל אל לערך שלחן במדבר׃

Morphology

  • וידברו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • היוכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • לערך: PREP+INF,qal
  • שלחן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ps.106:14-15 (quotation): Almost verbatim repetition of the complaint: the people ask whether God can provide a table in the wilderness.
  • Numbers 11:4-6 (thematic): The congregation grumbles about food in the wilderness—remembering Egyptian provisions and craving variety—parallel to the challenge to God's ability to provide.
  • Exod.16:3-4 (verbal): Israel's complaint about lack of food (“Who will give us meat?”) and God's response to provide bread from heaven sets the immediate historical context for the question in Ps.78:19.
  • John 6:31 (allusion): Jesus cites the manna story (“Our fathers ate manna in the desert… He gave them bread from heaven”), alluding to God's provision in the wilderness that answers the doubt expressed in Ps.78:19.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They spoke against God: “Can God spread a table in the wilderness?
  • They spoke against God, saying, "Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?
20 Behold, he struck the rock and waters gushed out; streams overflowed. Can he also give bread, or provide flesh for his people?”

Psa.78.20 - Details

Translation

Behold, he struck the rock and waters gushed out; streams overflowed. Can he also give bread, or provide flesh for his people?”

Original Text

הן הכה־ צור ׀ ויזובו מים ונחלים ישטפו הגם־ לחם יוכל תת אם־ יכין שאר לעמו׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • הכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • צור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויזובו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ונחלים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ישטפו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • הגם: CONJ
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יוכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
  • תת: VERB,qal,inf
  • אם: CONJ
  • יכין: PNOUN,m,sg
  • שאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 17:6 (allusion): Recounts Moses striking the rock at Rephidim so that water comes forth — the historical episode behind Ps 78:20's image of rock struck and water gushing.
  • Numbers 20:11 (allusion): Parallel account of Moses striking the rock at Meribah and water issuing forth; later tradition of the same wilderness miracle echoed in Psalm 78.
  • Psalm 78:15-16 (structural): Earlier lines within the same psalm describe God splitting the rock and providing abundant water — an internal parallel/repetition of the rock-and-water motif.
  • Psalm 105:41 (verbal): Similar language of God opening the rock and causing waters to gush in the wilderness; Psalm 105 retells the Exodus deliverance with imagery akin to Ps 78:20.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:4 (thematic): New Testament theological appropriation of the rock/water motif (the rock as Christ) — a thematic reinterpretation of the Exodus/psalmic imagery of spiritual provision.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, he struck the rock so that waters gushed out, and streams overflowed; can he also give bread? Will he provide meat for his people?”
  • Behold, he struck the rock and waters gushed out; the streams overflowed—can he also give bread? Will he provide meat for his people?"
21 Therefore the LORD heard and was angry; a fire was kindled against Jacob, and wrath also went up against Israel.

Psa.78.21 - Details

Translation

Therefore the LORD heard and was angry; a fire was kindled against Jacob, and wrath also went up against Israel.

Original Text

לכן ׀ שמע יהוה ויתעבר ואש נשקה ביעקב וגם־ אף עלה בישראל׃

Morphology

  • לכן: ADV
  • שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויתעבר: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
  • ואש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נשקה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • ביעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וגם: CONJ
  • אף: ADV
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:22 (verbal): Uses nearly identical imagery—'For a fire is kindled in mine anger'—linking God's anger to a consuming fire against Israel's sin, paralleling Ps 78:21's 'a fire was kindled in Jacob.'
  • Exodus 32:10 (thematic): God's wrath against Israel for covenant unfaithfulness and the threat of consuming judgment ('let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them, and that I may consume them') echoes the context and theme of Ps 78:21.
  • Nahum 1:6 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD's indignation and fury as like fire ('his fury is poured out like fire'), echoing the fire‑imagery used in Ps 78:21 to describe divine wrath.
  • Jeremiah 7:20 (thematic): Declares that God's anger and fury will be poured out on the place for Israel's sins—the same pattern of divine wrath against covenant unfaithfulness reflected in Ps 78:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore the LORD heard and was angry; a fire was kindled against Jacob, and wrath rose against Israel,
  • Therefore the LORD heard and was angry; a fire was kindled against Jacob, and wrath also went up against Israel.
22 For they did not believe in God and did not trust in his salvation.

Psa.78.22 - Details

Translation

For they did not believe in God and did not trust in his salvation.

Original Text

כי לא האמינו באלהים ולא בטחו בישועתו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • האמינו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • בטחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • בישועתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 1:32 (verbal): Moses recounts the wilderness generation's failure to trust God—language and theme parallel 'they did not believe in God' in Psalm 78:22.
  • Numbers 14:11,22 (thematic): God rebukes Israel for not believing him after the spies' report; their persistent unbelief and its consequences echo the charge in Psalm 78:22.
  • Psalm 106:24 (verbal): In the retelling of Israel's rebellions this psalm says the people 'believed not his word,' using similar vocabulary and portraying the same lack of trust as Psalm 78:22.
  • Psalm 95:10–11 (allusion): Psalm 95 recounts Israel's refusal to trust God and the resulting oath that they would not enter his rest—an adjacent account of the same unbelief motif found in Psalm 78:22.
  • Hebrews 3:19 (quotation): The New Testament explicitly summarizes the wilderness generation's failure—'they could not enter in because of unbelief'—directly reflecting the accusation of Psalm 78:22.

Alternative generated candidates

  • because they did not believe in God and did not put their trust in his salvation.
  • For they did not believe in God and did not trust in his salvation.
23 He commanded the skies above and opened the doors of heaven;

Psa.78.23 - Details

Translation

He commanded the skies above and opened the doors of heaven;

Original Text

ויצו שחקים ממעל ודלתי שמים פתח׃

Morphology

  • ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ממעל: ADV
  • ודלתי: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 7:11 (verbal): The flood narrative uses the same image—'the windows of heaven were opened'—employing the motif of heaven's portals being opened to release water.
  • Genesis 8:2 (verbal): Speaks of God 'closing the windows of heaven' after the flood, a direct counterpart to the image of opening the heavens and showing divine control over those openings.
  • Exodus 16:4 (thematic): God promises to 'rain bread from heaven' for Israel; thematically parallels Psalm 78's depiction of God commanding the skies to provide sustenance.
  • Deuteronomy 28:12 (verbal): Promises that the LORD will 'open to you his good storehouse, the heavens, to give rain,' echoing the language of heaven being opened to supply blessings/rain.
  • Malachi 3:10 (verbal): God's promise 'I will open the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing' echoes the same idiom of opened heavens as the source of divine provision.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet he commanded the skies above and opened the doors of heaven;
  • Yet he commanded the skies above and opened the doors of heaven;
24 and he rained down on them manna to eat and gave them the bread of heaven.

Psa.78.24 - Details

Translation

and he rained down on them manna to eat and gave them the bread of heaven.

Original Text

וימטר עליהם מן לאכל ודגן־ שמים נתן למו׃

Morphology

  • וימטר: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • מן: PREP
  • לאכל: INF,qal
  • ודגן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • למו: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exod.16:4 (quotation): God promises to rain bread from heaven and provides manna for the people — the immediate narrative source for Psalm 78’s statement about manna.
  • Ps.105:40 (verbal): Parallel wording and tradition: 'He rained down manna upon them to eat' — a near-verbal reprise of the same event and theme of heavenly provision.
  • John 6:31-33 (allusion): Jesus and his audience invoke the Exodus manna as 'bread from heaven'; Jesus contrasts that provision with himself as the true/heavenly bread that gives life.
  • Deut.8:3 (thematic): Uses the manna episode to teach dependence on God ('man does not live by bread alone'), linking the miraculous provision of heavenly bread to spiritual instruction and sustenance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and he rained down on them manna to eat and gave them the grain of heaven.
  • he rained down manna for them to eat and gave them the grain of heaven.
25 Man ate the bread of angels; he sent them food in abundance.

Psa.78.25 - Details

Translation

Man ate the bread of angels; he sent them food in abundance.

Original Text

לחם אבירים אכל איש צידה שלח להם לשבע׃

Morphology

  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אבירים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צידה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • לשבע: PREP+NUM,card,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 16:4 (allusion): God promises to 'rain bread from heaven' (manna) as direct provision for Israel—background for Psalm 78's 'bread... he sent them.'
  • Exodus 16:15 (verbal): The people identify the substance as 'the bread the LORD has given you to eat,' echoing Psalm 78's language of divinely sent food (manna).
  • Psalm 105:40 (thematic): Speaks of God giving 'bread from heaven' and providing quail—parallels Psalm 78's depiction of heavenly bread and abundant sustenance.
  • John 6:31-35 (thematic): Jesus cites the manna tradition ('our fathers ate the manna') and contrasts it with himself as the true 'bread of life,' drawing on the same imagery of heavenly bread and divine provision used in Psalm 78.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Man ate the bread of the mighty; he sent them food to the full.
  • Man ate the bread of the mighty; he sent them food in abundance.
26 He caused an east wind to blow in the heavens and by his power brought on the south wind.

Psa.78.26 - Details

Translation

He caused an east wind to blow in the heavens and by his power brought on the south wind.

Original Text

יסע קדים בשמים וינהג בעזו תימן׃

Morphology

  • יסע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • קדים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • בשמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וינהג: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • בעזו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • תימן: NOUN,prop,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 10:13 (verbal): God (through Moses) causes an east wind to blow over the land of Egypt — direct verbal parallel to God sending the east wind.
  • Exodus 14:21 (verbal): The LORD sends a strong east wind to part the sea; similar image of God controlling an east wind to accomplish his purposes.
  • Jonah 4:8 (verbal): God appoints a scorching east wind that blows on Jonah's head — another picture of God directing an east wind to affect events.
  • Psalm 104:3-4 (thematic): God is depicted as riding the winds and using winds as his messengers/servants — broader theological parallel about divine control of winds.
  • Job 38:24 (allusion): God challenges Job about control of natural forces, including the scattering of the east wind — resonates with the theme of God governing winds.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He caused the east wind to blow in the heavens and by his power he guided the south wind.
  • He caused an east wind to blow in the heavens and by his power led forth the south wind.
27 He rained down flesh upon them like dust, winged birds like the sand of the sea;

Psa.78.27 - Details

Translation

He rained down flesh upon them like dust, winged birds like the sand of the sea;

Original Text

וימטר עליהם כעפר שאר וכחול ימים עוף כנף׃

Morphology

  • וימטר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • כעפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שאר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכחול: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כנף: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 16:4 (verbal): God promises to 'rain bread from heaven' (manna) as divine provision—parallels the 'rained on them' imagery and provision of food.
  • Exodus 16:13-15 (verbal): Narrative that quail came in the evening and manna in the morning—directly parallels the pairing of winged birds (quail) and heavenly food.
  • Numbers 11:31-32 (thematic): The LORD causes a great wind and brings quail in vast numbers for the people to eat—themewise parallel to birds being provided en masse.
  • Psalm 105:40 (verbal): Speaks of God raining down manna and giving food from heaven—closely echoes the language and theme of heavenly provision in Ps 78:27.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He rained flesh upon them like dust, winged birds like the sand of the seas;
  • He rained flesh on them like dust and winged birds like the sand of the sea;
28 they fell in the midst of their camp, all around their dwellings.

Psa.78.28 - Details

Translation

they fell in the midst of their camp, all around their dwellings.

Original Text

ויפל בקרב מחנהו סביב למשכנתיו׃

Morphology

  • ויפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בקרב: PREP
  • מחנהו: NOUN,m,sg,suf
  • סביב: ADV
  • למשכנתיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,suf

Parallels

  • Numbers 11:33 (thematic): After the people craved quail, God struck them with a severe plague while the meat was still between their teeth — a judgment that falls among the camp, similar to Psalm 78's image of death surrounding the tents.
  • Numbers 16:46-50 (structural): In the Korah episode a plague breaks out in the camp and is halted only after Aaron's intervention; parallels Psalm 78's depiction of divine punishment striking the Israelite camp and the priestly/leadership role in responding.
  • Exodus 32:35 (allusion): Following the golden calf episode the LORD 'sent a plague' on the people; Psalm 78 recalls the same pattern of Israel's sin in the camp and subsequent divine retribution.
  • 2 Samuel 24:15-17 (thematic): After David's census a plague falls on Israel and many die—an instance of large-scale death sent by God on the people that echoes Psalm 78's report of victims falling 'round about their dwellings.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • and he let them fall within their camp, all around their dwellings.
  • they fell down within their camp, all around their tents.
29 They ate and were abundantly satisfied; for he gave them what they craved.

Psa.78.29 - Details

Translation

They ate and were abundantly satisfied; for he gave them what they craved.

Original Text

ויאכלו וישבעו מאד ותאותם יבא להם׃

Morphology

  • ויאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • וישבעו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • מאד: ADV
  • ותאותם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
  • יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 16:12-15 (thematic): God provides food from heaven for the hungry Israelite camp (manna/quail narrative), paralleling the Psalm’s report that they ate and were satisfied by what God gave them.
  • Numbers 11:31-34 (thematic): The LORD brings quail in response to Israel’s craving, they eat their fill, but divine judgment follows — closely echoing Ps 78’s sequence of desire granted and subsequent punishment.
  • Psalm 106:15 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language — “He gave them their request” — and likewise links God’s grant of Israel’s desire with ensuing disaster, making the same theological point as Ps 78:29.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:6-10 (allusion): Paul cites Israel’s wilderness experiences (their eating, lusting, and punishment) as examples for Christians; he alludes to the pattern in Ps 78 where desire is granted but leads to judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they ate and were well filled, for he gave them what they craved.
  • And they ate and were filled exceedingly; he gave them what they craved.
30 Yet their craving was not turned away; while the food was still in their mouths,

Psa.78.30 - Details

Translation

Yet their craving was not turned away; while the food was still in their mouths,

Original Text

לא־ זרו מתאותם עוד אכלם בפיהם׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • זרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • מתאותם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
  • עוד: ADV
  • אכלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl
  • בפיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Numbers 11:4-6 (verbal): Describes the people's strong craving for meat and loss of appetite for manna—language of appetite and craving closely parallels Psalm 78's depiction of their greedy demands for food.
  • Exodus 16:3-5 (thematic): Israel's complaint about lack of food and God's provision of manna; the episode is the primary background for Psalm 78's account of their appetite and God's response.
  • Psalm 105:40 (allusion): Retells the same provision—God gave them quail and bread from heaven—serving as a parallel poetic recounting of Israel's craving and divine supply referenced in Psalm 78.
  • Psalm 106:14-15 (verbal): Speaks of Israel 'lusting' in the wilderness and God giving them their request but sending consequences—echoes Psalm 78's theme of craving, testing God, and the mixed outcome of provision and judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet before they had ceased their craving, while their food was still in their mouths,
  • Notwithstanding, their craving was not turned from them; while the food was yet in their mouths,
31 God’s anger rose against them— he struck down the stoutest among them and humbled the youth of Israel.

Psa.78.31 - Details

Translation

God’s anger rose against them— he struck down the stoutest among them and humbled the youth of Israel.

Original Text

ואף אלהים ׀ עלה בהם ויהרג במשמניהם ובחורי ישראל הכריע׃

Morphology

  • ואף: CONJ+ADV
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ויהרג: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • במשמניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ובחורי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הכריע: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Numbers 11:33 (verbal): God 'struck' the people with a great plague after they complained for meat—parallel language and motif of divine plague on Israel for disobedience.
  • Exodus 32:35 (allusion): The LORD 'plagued the people' for making the golden calf—Psalm 78 recounts the same episodes of Israel’s sin and God’s lethal punishment.
  • Numbers 25:9 (thematic): A plague sent on Israel at Baal‑peor that killed 24,000—another instance of God executing mass death as judgment for Israel's unfaithfulness.
  • Exodus 12:29 (thematic): The LORD struck down the firstborn of Egypt—an instance of God smiting many as an act of divine judgment, paralleling the psalm’s emphasis on lethal divine retribution.
  • 2 Samuel 24:15 (thematic): A plague sent on Israel in response to David’s sin that killed many (70,000)—another Old Testament example of widespread death as God's punitive action.

Alternative generated candidates

  • the anger of God rose against them; he killed the strong and laid low the young men of Israel.
  • the wrath of God rose against them and he slew the choicest of them and laid low the young men of Israel.
32 In spite of all this they continued to sin and did not believe in his wondrous acts.

Psa.78.32 - Details

Translation

In spite of all this they continued to sin and did not believe in his wondrous acts.

Original Text

בכל־ זאת חטאו־ עוד ולא־ האמינו בנפלאותיו׃

Morphology

  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • חטאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עוד: ADV
  • ולא: CONJ
  • האמינו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בנפלאותיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:3,m

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:11 (verbal): God reproves Israel for provoking Him and not believing despite His presence and works; language and theme of persistent unbelief parallels Ps 78:32.
  • Deuteronomy 1:32 (verbal): Moses recounts that the people did not believe the LORD despite His acts on their behalf—near‑identical wording and the same recurrent theme of unbelief.
  • John 12:37 (thematic): After Jesus’ many signs, many still would not believe in him; a New Testament instance of the same pattern—refusal to trust despite miraculous wonders.
  • Hebrews 3:19 (allusion): The author explains that Israel’s failure to enter God’s rest was due to unbelief, echoing the wilderness tradition and Psalms’ portrayal of persistent unbelief (cf. Ps 78).

Alternative generated candidates

  • In spite of all this they still sinned and did not believe in his wondrous works.
  • In spite of all this they kept sinning still, and did not believe in his wondrous works.
33 They consumed their days in futility and their years in terror.

Psa.78.33 - Details

Translation

They consumed their days in futility and their years in terror.

Original Text

ויכל־ בהבל ימיהם ושנותם בבהלה׃

Morphology

  • ויכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בהבל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימיהם: NOUN,m,pl,cons,3,m,pl
  • ושנותם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • בבהלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 7:6 (verbal): Job: “My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle, and are spent without hope” — closely parallels the image of days being consumed/expended and life passing in futility/without hope.
  • Psalm 39:5 (thematic): “Behold, you have made my days a few handbreadths…” — reflects the brevity and emptiness of life (days ‘consumed’), echoing the Psalm 78 emphasis on lives wasted in vanity.
  • Psalm 90:9-10 (thematic): “For we are consumed by your anger… The days of our years are threescore years and ten” — connects the idea of lives being consumed by divine wrath/trouble and the fleeting, measured nature of human years.
  • Isaiah 38:12–13 (allusion): Hezekiah’s lament: “I have sinned; I have been like a moth… my days are past” and imagery of life cut off/removed — parallels the sense of years being taken away and life consumed, with an emphasis on fear/distress.
  • Ecclesiastes 1:2 (thematic): “Vanity of vanities, says the Preacher; all is vanity” — resonates with the charge that their days were ‘in vanity,’ highlighting the theme of futility and meaninglessness of life when God’s purpose is absent.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So their days he consumed in futility and their years in terror.
  • So their days were consumed in vanity, and their years in terror.
34 When he slew them they sought him; they repented and inquired early after God.

Psa.78.34 - Details

Translation

When he slew them they sought him; they repented and inquired early after God.

Original Text

אם־ הרגם ודרשוהו ושבו ושחרו־ אל׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • הרגם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ודרשוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ושבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ושחרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 4:29 (verbal): Both verses promise that Israel will seek the LORD after calamity; Deut. 4:29 explicitly uses the language of seeking God and finding him when sought wholeheartedly, echoing Psalm 78:34's 'they sought him.'
  • Hosea 6:1-3 (thematic): Hosea calls Israel to 'return to the LORD' and promises his restoration—the same pattern of crisis, seeking/returning, and hoped-for divine response found in Psalm 78:34.
  • Joel 2:12-13 (thematic): Joel's summons to 'return to me with all your heart' after judgment parallels Psalm 78:34's motif of people seeking God in the wake of divine chastening.
  • Jeremiah 29:13 (verbal): Jeremiah's assurance 'you will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart' echoes the verbal motif of seeking God that Psalm 78:34 attributes to Israel after suffering.
  • Psalm 106:45 (structural): Psalm 106 recounts the same recurrent pattern—Israel's sin, divine punishment, their cry/return, and God's mercy—mirroring the sequence summarized in Psalm 78:34 within the Psalter's communal-historical tradition.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When he slew them they sought him; they returned and sought God earnestly.
  • When he slew them, they sought him; they returned and inquired early after God.
35 They remembered that God was their rock, and the Most High God their redeemer.

Psa.78.35 - Details

Translation

They remembered that God was their rock, and the Most High God their redeemer.

Original Text

ויזכרו כי־ אלהים צורם ואל עליון גאלם׃

Morphology

  • ויזכרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • צורם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,pl
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • עליון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • גאלם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,3,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:18 (thematic): Contrasts with Ps 78:35: Deut 32:18 speaks of forgetting “the Rock who begot you,” highlighting the theme of remembering/forgetting God as rock and protector.
  • Psalm 18:2 (verbal): Uses the same imagery: “The LORD is my rock… my deliverer,” combining the motifs of God as rock (צוּר) and as deliverer/redeemer (גֹאֵל).
  • Exodus 6:6 (verbal): God’s self-declaration to Israel — “I will redeem you” — parallels the designation of God as Israel’s redeemer (גאל) in Ps 78:35.
  • Job 19:25 (verbal): “For I know that my Redeemer lives” echoes the personal/communal trust in a living Redeemer; connects to the assertion that the Most High is their redeemer.
  • Isaiah 44:6 (allusion): God is called both King and Redeemer (“the LORD, the King of Israel and his Redeemer”), paralleling the dual titles in Ps 78:35 of God as rock/stronghold and as the Most High who redeems.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They remembered that God was their rock, the Most High God their redeemer.
  • They remembered that God was their rock, the Most High God their redeemer.
36 They flattered him with their mouth and lied to him with their tongue;

Psa.78.36 - Details

Translation

They flattered him with their mouth and lied to him with their tongue;

Original Text

ויפתוהו בפיהם ובלשונם יכזבו־ לו׃

Morphology

  • ויפתוהו: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,pl
  • בפיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ובלשונם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,pl
  • יכזבו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 5:9 (verbal): Uses near-identical language about the wicked flattering with their tongue and having no faithfulness in their mouth ('they flatter with their tongue'), echoing Ps 78:36's motif of deceitful speech.
  • Psalm 12:2 (thematic): Speaks of 'flattering lips' and duplicitous speech ('with flattering lips and with a double heart do they speak'), thematically parallel to Israel's verbal deception in Ps 78:36.
  • Romans 3:13 (quotation): Paul quotes OT language about deceitful tongues ('Their throat is an open grave... with their tongues they have practiced deceit'), echoing the same condemnation of lying speech found in Ps 78:36.
  • Isaiah 59:3 (thematic): Describes lips that 'have spoken lies' and a tongue that 'mutters perverseness,' paralleling Ps 78:36's charge that the people lied with their tongues and flattered with their mouths.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But they flattered him with their mouths and lied to him with their tongues.
  • But they flattered him with their mouth and lied to him with their tongue.
37 their heart was not steadfast with him, nor were they faithful to his covenant.

Psa.78.37 - Details

Translation

their heart was not steadfast with him, nor were they faithful to his covenant.

Original Text

ולבם לא־ נכון עמו ולא נאמנו בבריתו׃

Morphology

  • ולבם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נכון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נאמנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בבריתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Hosea 6:7 (verbal): Uses explicit language about transgressing the covenant—'they transgressed the covenant'—directly echoes Israel's unfaithfulness to God's covenant in Psalm 78:37.
  • Deuteronomy 31:16 (thematic): God predicts the people will forsake him and 'break my covenant,' thematically parallel to hearts not being steadfast or faithful to the covenant.
  • Psalm 95:10 (thematic): Speaks of a generation that 'erred in their heart' and did not know God's ways—echoes the idea of hearts not being right/steadfast with God.
  • Hebrews 3:12 (allusion): New Testament warning about an 'evil, unbelieving heart' turning away from the living God echoes the OT motif of unsteady, unfaithful hearts and covenant infidelity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Their heart was not steadfast toward him; they were not faithful to his covenant.
  • Their heart was not steadfast toward him; they were not faithful to his covenant.
38 Yet he, being merciful, forgave their transgression and did not destroy them; often he turned back his anger and did not arouse all his wrath.

Psa.78.38 - Details

Translation

Yet he, being merciful, forgave their transgression and did not destroy them; often he turned back his anger and did not arouse all his wrath.

Original Text

והוא רחום ׀ יכפר עון ולא־ ישחית והרבה להשיב אפו ולא־ יעיר כל־ חמתו׃

Morphology

  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • רחום: ADJ,m,sg
  • יכפר: VERB,pi'el,impf,3,m,sg
  • עון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ישחית: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • והרבה: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg,pref_vav
  • להשיב: VERB,qal,inf
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יעיר: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • חמתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+pr,3,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 34:6-7 (verbal): Directly echoes the covenantal description of God as 'merciful, gracious, longsuffering, and abundant in goodness and truth' who forgives iniquity—language that Psalm 78 recalls in speaking of God's mercy and restraint of anger.
  • Numbers 14:18 (verbal): Uses similar wording about the LORD's patience and mercy—'The LORD is slow to anger, and of great kindness, forgiving iniquity'—paralleling Psalm 78's emphasis on repeated withholding of full wrath.
  • Psalm 103:8-10 (thematic): Same theme of divine compassion and mercy: God 'is merciful and gracious... not always chiding, neither will he keep his anger for ever,' closely matching Psalm 78's statement that God often turns away his anger.
  • Nehemiah 9:17 (allusion): Prayerful confession that God is 'merciful, and forgiveth iniquity, and transgression' and repeatedly refrains from destroying Israel—an explicit historical-theological echo of Psalm 78's claim.
  • Psalm 86:15 (thematic): Affirms God's compassion and abundant mercy—'The Lord is full of compassion and mercy'—reinforcing the psalmic motif of divine reluctance to enact full punishment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet he, being merciful, forgave their iniquity and did not destroy them; he restrained his anger often and did not stir up all his wrath.
  • Yet he, being merciful, forgave their iniquity and did not destroy them; he restrained his anger often and did not stir up all his wrath.
39 For he remembered that they were but flesh, a passing breath that does not return.

Psa.78.39 - Details

Translation

For he remembered that they were but flesh, a passing breath that does not return.

Original Text

ויזכר כי־ בשר המה רוח הולך ולא ישוב׃

Morphology

  • ויזכר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המה: PRON,3,m,pl
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הולך: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ישוב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:14 (verbal): Both verses stress God's awareness of human frailty—'he remembers that we are dust'—echoing Psalm 78:39's note that humans are flesh and transient.
  • Job 7:7 (verbal): Job uses the image 'my life is but a breath/wind,' directly paralleling the 'wind that passes and does not return' simile in Psalm 78:39.
  • Isaiah 40:6-8 (thematic): Isaiah's 'All flesh is grass' motif likewise emphasizes human transience and the fleeting nature of life, thematically matching Psalm 78:39's imagery of passing breath/wind.
  • Job 14:10-12 (thematic): Job's meditation on death—'man dies... where is he? he shall not return'—parallels Psalm 78:39's emphasis on mortality and the non‑returning departure of life.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (thematic): Ecclesiastes pairs body returning to dust and the spirit returning to God; it addresses the same body/spirit mortality theme in Psalm 78:39 and provides a related, sometimes contrasting, perspective on the spirit's destiny.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He remembered that they were but flesh, a passing breath that does not return.
  • He remembered that they were but flesh, a breath that passes and does not return.
40 How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness and provoked him in the desert!

Psa.78.40 - Details

Translation

How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness and provoked him in the desert!

Original Text

כמה ימרוהו במדבר יעציבוהו בישימון׃

Morphology

  • כמה: ADV
  • ימרוהו: VERB,piel,perf,3,m,pl
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יעציבוהו: VERB,piel,perf,3,m,pl
  • בישימון: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:22-23 (verbal): Speaks of Israel testing the LORD in the wilderness and the consequent judgment—language and theme closely parallel Psalm 78:40's charge that they 'provoked'/'grieved' God in the desert.
  • Deuteronomy 9:7-8 (thematic): Moses recalls Israel's rebellion and provocation of the LORD at Horeb/in the wilderness, echoing the Psalm's remembrance of repeated provocations.
  • Psalm 95:8-9 (thematic): Warns not to harden hearts 'in the day of trial' like the fathers who tested God in the wilderness—same wilderness-testing motif as Ps.78:40.
  • Hebrews 3:8-11 (quotation): Quotes and applies the warning of Psalm 95 about the fathers who 'tempted' God in the desert, using the wilderness-testing tradition reflected in Ps.78:40 to admonish believers.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:9-10 (allusion): Paul cites Israel's testing and murmuring in the wilderness as warnings for Christians, alluding to the same incidents of provoking God that Ps.78:40 laments.

Alternative generated candidates

  • How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness and grieved him in the desert!
  • How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness and grieved him in the desert!
41 They turned back and tempted God, and put a limit upon the Holy One of Israel.

Psa.78.41 - Details

Translation

They turned back and tempted God, and put a limit upon the Holy One of Israel.

Original Text

וישובו וינסו אל וקדוש ישראל התוו׃

Morphology

  • וישובו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • וינסו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • וקדוש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • התוו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 17:2-7 (verbal): Describes Israel's quarreling and 'testing' the LORD at Massah/Meribah—the same episode and verb ('tested/tempted God') that Psalm 78 recalls.
  • Deuteronomy 6:16 (quotation): Command 'Do not test the LORD your God, as you tested him at Massah' directly echoes the rebuke in Psalm 78 against testing/tempting the Holy One of Israel.
  • Numbers 14:22-23 (thematic): Speaks of the people's unbelief and repeated testing of God in the wilderness, paralleling Psalm 78's charge that they 'turned back and tempted' the Holy One.
  • Psalm 95:8-9 (allusion): Warns 'Do not harden your hearts as at Meribah, as on the day at Massah in the wilderness'—a parallel liturgical/pastoral warning about the same failure to trust God.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:9 (thematic): Paul's warning 'we should not put Christ to the test, as some of them did' refers back to Israel's testing of God in the wilderness, using the same tradition critiqued in Psalm 78.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Again and again they tempted God and provoked the Holy One of Israel.
  • They turned back and put God to the test and limited the Holy One of Israel.
42 They forgot his hand, the day when he delivered them from the hand of the foe;

Psa.78.42 - Details

Translation

They forgot his hand, the day when he delivered them from the hand of the foe;

Original Text

לא־ זכרו את־ ידו יום א‍שר־ פדם מני־ צר׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • זכרו: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • א: PRT
  • שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פדם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+3,pl(obj)
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • צר: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 106:21 (verbal): Explicitly states that the people "forgot God their Savior" who had done great things—direct verbal and thematic echo of failing to remember God's saving hand.
  • Deuteronomy 8:14 (verbal): Warns that when you are satisfied you may "forget the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt," paralleling forgetting God's act of deliverance.
  • Judges 2:10-12 (thematic): Describes a new generation that did not know the LORD and "forsook the LORD," illustrating the recurring theme of forgetting God's deeds after deliverance.
  • Nehemiah 9:17 (thematic): In the confession of Israel's history the people are accused of refusing to obey and not remembering God's wondrous works—a communal admission that mirrors Psalm 78's charge.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They did not remember his hand, the day when he redeemed them from the adversary,
  • They did not remember his hand, the day when he redeemed them from the foe,
43 when he worked his signs in Egypt and his wonders in the fields of Zoan.

Psa.78.43 - Details

Translation

when he worked his signs in Egypt and his wonders in the fields of Zoan.

Original Text

אשר־ שם במצרים אתותיו ומופתיו בשדה־ צען׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שם: ADV
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אתותיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • ומופתיו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צען: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 105:27 (verbal): Uses almost identical wording about God performing 'signs' and 'wonders' in the land of Ham/Egypt, repeating the same tradition found in Ps 78:43.
  • Exodus 7:3 (verbal): God declares he will 'multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt'—the Exodus source behind the psalm's claim.
  • Acts 7:36 (quotation): Stephen summarizes Moses' role, saying he 'brought them out, performing wonders and signs in Egypt,' directly echoing the psalmic tradition.
  • Psalm 106:7 (thematic): Laments that the ancestors did not remember God's 'wonders in Egypt,' thematically linked to Ps 78's recounting of those mighty acts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • when he wrought his signs in Egypt and his wonders in the field of Zoan.
  • when he worked his signs in Egypt and his wonders in the field of Zoan.
44 He turned their rivers to blood, so that they could not drink of their streams.

Psa.78.44 - Details

Translation

He turned their rivers to blood, so that they could not drink of their streams.

Original Text

ויהפך לדם יאריהם ונזליהם בל־ ישתיון׃

Morphology

  • ויהפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יאריהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
  • ונזליהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
  • בל: PART
  • ישתיון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 7:20-21 (verbal): The narrative of the first plague—Moses turns the Nile and all the water of Egypt into blood—matches Psalm 78’s account that their rivers were turned to blood and they could not drink.
  • Exodus 7:19 (verbal): God’s command to Aaron to stretch out his staff and turn the waters into blood is the originating event that Psalm 78 summarizes.
  • Psalm 105:29 (thematic): Psalm 105 retells the Exodus plagues using language very similar to Psalm 78: ‘He turned their rivers into blood, so that they could not drink.’
  • Revelation 16:4 (allusion): The third bowl plague—rivers and springs becoming blood—echoes the Exodus motif of waters turned to blood and shows later biblical use of the same imagery.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He turned their rivers into blood; they could not drink of their streams.
  • He turned their rivers into blood so that they could not drink of their streams.
45 He sent among them swarms of flies that devoured them, and frogs that destroyed them.

Psa.78.45 - Details

Translation

He sent among them swarms of flies that devoured them, and frogs that destroyed them.

Original Text

ישלח בהם ערב ויאכלם וצפרדע ותשחיתם׃

Morphology

  • ישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ערב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאכלם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,pl(obj)
  • וצפרדע: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותשחיתם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m,pl(obj)

Parallels

  • Exodus 8:2–6 (verbal): The plague of frogs — Exodus describes God sending frogs upon Egypt, the same plague named (צפרדע) that Psalm 78 recalls.
  • Exodus 14:21 (verbal): God sends a strong east wind to accomplish his purpose — Psalm's reference to sending a wind (ערב/east wind) echoes the motif of wind as a divine agent (here used to part the Sea).
  • Exodus 10:13 (thematic): God uses a powerful wind to affect Egypt (here to bring/take away the locusts); parallels the Psalm's portrayal of God sending winds and pestilential agents against the people.
  • Deuteronomy 32:24 (thematic): Deuteronomy speaks of God sending wasting disease, hunger and destruction as divine judgment — thematically parallels Psalm 78's depiction of God sending destructive agents among the people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them, and frogs, which destroyed them.
  • He sent among them swarms of flies that devoured them, and frogs that destroyed them.
46 He gave their produce to the caterpillar and the fruit of their toil to the locust.

Psa.78.46 - Details

Translation

He gave their produce to the caterpillar and the fruit of their toil to the locust.

Original Text

ויתן לחסיל יבולם ויגיעם לארבה׃

Morphology

  • ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לחסיל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יבולם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ויגיעם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לארבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 10:12-15 (allusion): The plague of locusts is described as devouring the produce of the land; Psalm 78 recounts the same judgment as part of Israel's remembrance of the Egyptian plagues and wilderness judgments.
  • Exodus 9:3-6 (thematic): God sends a deadly disease on the livestock (murrain/pestilence) as a divine judgment; Psalm 78 similarly attributes devastation of flocks and herds to God’s punitive acts.
  • Joel 1:4 (thematic): Joel speaks of locusts stripping the land and consuming all growth, using the locust motif as an image of divine judgment—paralleling Psalm 78’s report of locust devastation.
  • 2 Chronicles 7:13 (thematic): God warns that if he withholds rain he will bring locusts and pestilence as discipline—echoing Psalm 78’s depiction of God sending plagues/locusts against the people.
  • Deuteronomy 28:20-22 (thematic): The covenant curses include pestilence, consumption, and animal disease as consequences of disobedience, matching Psalm 78’s portrayal of such calamities as divine punishment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave their crops to the caterpillar and the produce of their labor to the locust.
  • He gave their crops to the caterpillar and their labor to the locust.
47 He destroyed their vines with hail and their sycamore trees with frost.

Psa.78.47 - Details

Translation

He destroyed their vines with hail and their sycamore trees with frost.

Original Text

יהרג בברד גפנם ושקמותם בחנמל׃

Morphology

  • יהרג: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בברד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גפנם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,pl
  • ושקמותם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,mp
  • בחנמל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 9:25 (verbal): Describes the hail that 'smiteth every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field' — nearly identical language for vegetation destroyed by a divine storm.
  • Psalm 105:32-33 (verbal): Retells the same episode of divine judgment with very similar wording: 'He smote their vines and their fig trees, and brake the trees of their coasts.'
  • Joel 1:7 (thematic): Uses the imagery of ruined vines and stripped fig trees to portray agricultural devastation as divine judgment, echoing Psalm 78's theme.
  • Deuteronomy 28:23-24 (thematic): Part of the covenant curse predicting blighted skies and ruined crops, providing the covenantal background for descriptions of crop destruction in Psalm 78.
  • Isaiah 5:6 (thematic): God's judgment on the vineyard results in it becoming desolate and unproductive, employing vineyard imagery to signal divine punishment similar to Ps 78:47.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He struck their vines and their fig trees and shattered the trees of their borders.
  • He destroyed their vines with hail and their sycamores with frost.
48 He smote their dwellings with hail and their cattle with hot bolts of lightning.

Psa.78.48 - Details

Translation

He smote their dwellings with hail and their cattle with hot bolts of lightning.

Original Text

ויסגר לברד בעירם ומקניהם לרשפים׃

Morphology

  • ויסגר: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לברד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בעירם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ומקניהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • לרשפים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 9:23-25 (thematic): Describes the plague of hail in Egypt that struck both people and animals—paralleling Psalm 78:48’s depiction of cattle delivered to hail as divine judgement.
  • Psalm 105:32 (verbal): Uses near-identical imagery—'He gave them hail for rain, and flaming fire in their land'—echoing Psalm 78’s account of hail and fire against livestock.
  • Psalm 18:13-14 (verbal): Portrays God sending out lightnings/hail as weapons against enemies; parallels the verbal imagery of lightning/thunderbolts employed by God in Psalm 78:48.
  • Job 38:22-23 (allusion): Speaks of the storehouses/treasures of hail under God’s control, echoing the motif that hail and lightning are instruments of God’s sovereign power and judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sent up a blight and mildew; their cattle were devoured.
  • He gave up their cattle to the hail and their flocks to bolts of lightning.
49 He let loose on them the burning of his anger— fury, indignation, and distress— a band of destroying angels.

Psa.78.49 - Details

Translation

He let loose on them the burning of his anger— fury, indignation, and distress— a band of destroying angels.

Original Text

ישלח־ בם ׀ חרון אפו עברה וזעם וצרה משלחת מלאכי רעים׃

Morphology

  • ישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • עברה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • וזעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וצרה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • משלחת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מלאכי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • רעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • 2 Samuel 24:15-16 (verbal): God sends a destroying angel/ pestilence against Israel (the angel 'smote the people'); like Ps 78:49 this links divine wrath and an angelic agent of destruction.
  • 1 Chronicles 21:14-15 (quotation): Parallel account to 2 Samuel 24 where the angel of the LORD is poised to destroy Jerusalem until God relents—same motif of an angel executing God's wrath.
  • Isaiah 37:36 (cf. 2 Kings 19:35) (verbal): The angel of the LORD goes out and strikes the Assyrian camp—an explicit instance of an angel as instrument of divine wrath, echoing Ps 78:49's 'messengers of evil'.
  • Deuteronomy 32:22-25 (thematic): God's fierce anger is portrayed as a consuming fire and calamities sent upon the wicked (pestilence, arrows, terror), thematically matching the psalm's language of wrath and judgment.
  • Revelation 16:1 (structural): The sending of angels to pour out God's bowls of wrath reflects the same structural idea—angelic agents dispatched to execute divine indignation as in Ps 78:49.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He let loose the fury of his anger, the wrath, indignation, and distress, a host of destroying angels.
  • He let loose on them the hot displeasure of his anger, indignation and distress—a company of destroying angels.
50 He made a path for his wrath; he did not spare their life from death, but gave their soul over to the plague.

Psa.78.50 - Details

Translation

He made a path for his wrath; he did not spare their life from death, but gave their soul over to the plague.

Original Text

יפלס נתיב לאפו לא־ חשך ממות נפשם וחיתם לדבר הסגיר׃

Morphology

  • יפלס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • נתיב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאפו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ממות: PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נפשם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
  • וחיתם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • לדבר: INF,qal
  • הסגיר: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 12:29 (quotation): The direct narrative of the plague: God struck down all the firstborn in Egypt — the historical event Psalm 78 recounts.
  • Exodus 11:4-5 (allusion): Moses' proclamation that God will slay every firstborn in the land of Egypt; Psalm 78 echoes this announced judgment.
  • Psalm 105:36 (verbal): A closely parallel retelling elsewhere in the Psalter using nearly identical language about striking down the firstborn in the tents of Ham (Egypt).
  • Psalm 135:8 (verbal): Another psalm that repeats the same motif and phrasing, emphasizing God's destruction of Egypt's firstborn as part of his redeeming acts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He prepared the path of his anger; he did not spare their soul from death but gave their life over to the pestilence;
  • He made a path for his anger; he did not spare them from death, and gave their life over to the pestilence.
51 He struck down every firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of strength in the dwellings of Ham.

Psa.78.51 - Details

Translation

He struck down every firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of strength in the dwellings of Ham.

Original Text

ויך כל־ בכור במצרים ראשית אונים באהלי־ חם׃

Morphology

  • ויך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ראשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אונים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • באהלי: PREP+NOUN,pl,m,cons
  • חם: ADJ,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 12:29 (quotation): Narrates the same event: at midnight the LORD struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt—direct narrative parallel to Psalm 78:51.
  • Exodus 11:5 (quotation): Moses' warning that all the firstborn in Egypt would die, including the firstborn of Pharaoh—predictive form of the same judgment echoed in the psalm.
  • Psalm 105:36-37 (thematic): Retells the Exodus plagues and explicitly states that God smote the firstborn in Egypt and brought Israel out, echoing Psalm 78's recounting of the event.
  • Psalm 136:10 (verbal): Litanic thanksgiving line—'who struck Egypt in their firstborn'—uses very similar wording and theme of God's act against Egypt's firstborn.

Alternative generated candidates

  • he struck down all the firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of their strength in the tents of Ham.
  • He struck down every firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of their vigor in the tents of Ham.
52 He led out his people like sheep and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.

Psa.78.52 - Details

Translation

He led out his people like sheep and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.

Original Text

ויסע כצאן עמו וינהגם כעדר במדבר׃

Morphology

  • ויסע: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כצאן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וינהגם: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • כעדר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ps.77:20 (verbal): Uses the same image and near-identical language — 'You led your people like a flock' — explicitly linking God's guidance of Israel in the wilderness.
  • Exod.13:21-22 (structural): Narrative description of God's guidance of Israel through the wilderness (pillar of cloud by day and fire by night), the underlying historical event Psalm 78 recounts.
  • Isa.63:11 (allusion): Speaks of 'the shepherd of his flock' who brought Israel up out of the sea, echoing the shepherd/flock motif applied to God's leading of Israel.
  • Ezek.34:11-12 (thematic): Portrays God as a shepherd who seeks, gathers and leads his scattered sheep — a thematic parallel to God leading Israel 'like a flock' in the wilderness.
  • John 10:3-4 (thematic): Jesus' shepherd imagery — the shepherd who calls and leads his sheep — resonates with the Psalm's metaphor of God leading Israel as a flock.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then he led out his people like sheep and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.
  • But he led out his people like sheep and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.
53 He brought them to safety so they were not afraid, and he overwhelmed their enemies at the sea.

Psa.78.53 - Details

Translation

He brought them to safety so they were not afraid, and he overwhelmed their enemies at the sea.

Original Text

וינחם לבטח ולא פחדו ואת־ אויביהם כסה הים׃

Morphology

  • וינחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לבטח: ADV
  • ולא: CONJ
  • פחדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ואת: CONJ
  • אויביהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • כסה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:27-28 (quotation): Describes the waters returning and covering Pharaoh’s chariots and horsemen — a direct narrative parallel to Psalm 78’s claim that God 'covered their enemies with the sea.'
  • Exodus 15:4-5 (verbal): The Song of Moses celebrates God casting the enemy into the sea ('Pharaoh’s chariots and his host'), language echoed in Psalm 78’s depiction of the sea covering Israel’s foes.
  • Psalm 106:9-10 (thematic): Retells the Red Sea episode — God rebukes the sea and delivers Israel from its enemy — echoing the same deliverance motif found in Psalm 78:53.
  • Isaiah 63:11-12 (allusion): Recollects the LORD’s saving acts 'by the right hand of Moses' and leading through the sea, echoing Psalm 78’s themes of divine rescue and the 'right hand' motif present in the surrounding context.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He led them safely, so that they feared not; but the sea overwhelmed their foes.
  • He led them safely, so that they feared not; the sea covered their enemies.
54 He brought them to his holy border, to the mountain his right hand had won.

Psa.78.54 - Details

Translation

He brought them to his holy border, to the mountain his right hand had won.

Original Text

ויביאם אל־ גבול קדשו הר־ זה קנתה ימינו׃

Morphology

  • ויביאם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • קנתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ימינו: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3ms

Parallels

  • Exodus 15:17 (verbal): Speaks of bringing the redeemed to God’s own mountain/holy habitation—closely parallels the language of bringing Israel to 'this mountain' as God’s sanctuary.
  • Exodus 15:13 (verbal): God 'guided them by your strength to your holy habitation'—directly parallels the theme of God leading the redeemed into his holy boundary/place.
  • Psalm 44:3 (verbal): Attributes Israel’s possession of the land to God's act—'not by their sword... but your right hand' echoes 'this mountain which his right hand had gotten'.
  • Deuteronomy 32:9 (thematic): Portrays Israel as the LORD’s allotted possession/portion—parallels the idea of God bringing and assigning a holy territory to his people.
  • Psalm 132:13-14 (thematic): Declares the LORD has chosen Zion as his dwelling/holy mountain—resonates with the image of God bringing people to and establishing them on his holy mountain.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He brought them to his holy border, to this mountain which his right hand had taken.
  • And he brought them to his holy border, to this mountain which his right hand had won.
55 He drove nations out before them and apportioned their lands as an inheritance; he made the tribes of Israel dwell in their tents.

Psa.78.55 - Details

Translation

He drove nations out before them and apportioned their lands as an inheritance; he made the tribes of Israel dwell in their tents.

Original Text

ויגרש מפניהם ׀ גוים ויפילם בחבל נחלה וישכן באהליהם שבטי ישראל׃

Morphology

  • ויגרש: VERB,qal,impf,3,sg
  • מפניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויפילם: VERB,hiph,imperf,3,m,sg
  • בחבל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נחלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וישכן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • באהליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 21:43 (verbal): Describes the LORD giving Israel all the land and their settling there—parallels the image of God driving out nations, allotting the land, and the tribes dwelling in their tents.
  • Numbers 33:54 (verbal): Commands Israel to dispossess the inhabitants and divide the land by lot as an inheritance—language closely matching 'drove out the nations' and 'apportioned by lot' in Psalm 78:55.
  • Psalm 105:44-45 (thematic): Retells the same salvation-history motif: God gave the lands of the nations to Israel so they might keep his statutes—echoes the giving of territory and Israel’s settlement.
  • Psalm 135:10-12 (thematic): Speaks of God overthrowing kings and giving their land as an inheritance to Israel, paralleling the conquest and allotment language of Psalm 78:55.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He drove out the nations before them and apportioned them an inheritance by measure, and made the tribes of Israel dwell in their tents.
  • He drove out nations before them and apportioned them an inheritance by lot; he settled the tribes of Israel in their tents.
56 Yet they tested and rebelled against the Most High and did not keep his testimonies.

Psa.78.56 - Details

Translation

Yet they tested and rebelled against the Most High and did not keep his testimonies.

Original Text

וינסו וימרו את־ אלהים עליון ועדותיו לא שמרו׃

Morphology

  • וינסו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • וימרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עליון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ועדותיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • שמרו: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 17:7 (verbal): The people 'tested the LORD' at Massah (Heb. asked, 'Is the LORD among us?'), using the same verb/theme of testing/tempting God as Ps 78:56 (וינסו/they tested).
  • Numbers 14:22 (verbal): God charges Israel, 'they have tempted me now these ten times,' directly echoing the language of provoking/testing the LORD and refusing to trust/obey him found in Ps 78:56.
  • Deuteronomy 9:7 (allusion): Moses recalls how Israel 'provoked the LORD' in the wilderness and turned away from his ways—an explicit retrospective allusion to the same rebellion and failure to keep God's testimonies described in Ps 78:56.
  • Isaiah 63:10 (thematic): 'They rebelled and grieved his Holy Spirit' (and he became their enemy) — a prophetic summary of Israel's rebellion and refusal to keep God's ways that parallels the theme of Ps 78:56.
  • Hebrews 3:9 (quotation): The NT cites the wilderness 'provocation' (quoting Psalm 95) to warn against unbelief; this quotation parallels Ps 78:56's account of Israel testing God and not keeping his testimonies.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet they tested and rebelled against God the Most High and did not keep his testimonies.
  • Yet they tested and rebelled against the Most High God and did not keep his testimonies.
57 They turned back and were faithless like their fathers; they became twisted, like a deceitful bow.

Psa.78.57 - Details

Translation

They turned back and were faithless like their fathers; they became twisted, like a deceitful bow.

Original Text

ויסגו ויבגדו כאבותם נהפכו כקשת רמיה׃

Morphology

  • ויסגו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויבגדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כאבותם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUF,3,m,pl
  • נהפכו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,pl
  • כקשת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • רמיה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:22 (verbal): Speaks of the same wilderness rebellion: the people 'tempted' the LORD repeatedly—language and event closely parallel Psalm 78's charge that they 'turned back' and tested God like their fathers.
  • Psalm 106:7-8 (thematic): Retells Israel's faithlessness in the exodus/wilderness tradition—the motif 'our fathers sinned' and their unfaithful, unsteady hearts echoes Psalm 78's indictment 'like their fathers.'
  • Hebrews 3:9 (quotation): New Testament citation of the wilderness testing: 'When your fathers tempted me,' explicitly alludes to the same episodes of provocation that Psalm 78 summarizes.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:9 (allusion): Paul warns Christians not to 'tempt Christ' as some Israelites did—this draws on the same tradition of testing God described in Psalm 78 and the wilderness narratives.
  • Psalm 95:8-11 (structural): A warning against hardening the heart 'as in the provocation' of the wilderness; parallels Psalm 78's function as a liturgical/history warning about repeating the fathers' unfaithfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They turned back and dealt treacherously like their fathers; they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.
  • They turned back and acted treacherously like their fathers; they were as deceitful as a bent bow.
58 They angered him by their high places and provoked him with their carved images.

Psa.78.58 - Details

Translation

They angered him by their high places and provoked him with their carved images.

Original Text

ויכעיסוהו בבמותם ובפסיליהם יקניאוהו׃

Morphology

  • ויכעיסוהו: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,pl
  • בבמותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,pl
  • ובפסיליהם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,pl
  • יקניאוהו: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deut.32.21 (verbal): Uses the same language of provoking God to jealousy with what is not God—close verbal/thematic echo of 'moved him to jealousy.'
  • Judg.2.11-12 (thematic): Israel 'served Baalim' and forsook the LORD, provoking his anger; parallels Psalm 78's charge that high places and idols enraged God.
  • 2 Kgs.17.11-12 (thematic): Describes Israel's high-place worship and idolatry that provoked the LORD, leading to judgment—directly parallels Psalm 78’s complaint about high places and images.
  • Ps.106.28-29 (thematic): Recounting Israel's yokefellowship with Baal‑Peor and consequent provocation of God; a liturgical retelling of the same sin charged in Ps.78:58.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They angered him with their high places and provoked him to jealousy with their idols.
  • They provoked him with their high places and aroused his jealousy with their carved images.
59 God heard and was angry; he utterly rejected Israel.

Psa.78.59 - Details

Translation

God heard and was angry; he utterly rejected Israel.

Original Text

שמע אלהים ויתעבר וימאס מאד בישראל׃

Morphology

  • שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויתעבר: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
  • וימאס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מאד: ADV
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 106:40 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language and theme — 'the LORD was stirred up against his people' and 'he abhorred his inheritance,' directly paralleling God's anger and repudiation of Israel.
  • Deuteronomy 32:19-20 (thematic): Describes God provoked to jealousy by Israel's idolatry and responding by hiding his face/turning away — a covenantal explanation for divine anger and rejection.
  • Exodus 32:10 (thematic): God declares his wrath against the people after their sin (wishing to consume them), echoing the motif of God hearing Israel's sin and becoming furious.
  • Psalm 78:21-22 (verbal): Within the same psalm the narrator already reports 'Therefore the LORD heard, and was wroth' — a direct recapitulation of the same response to Israel's rebellion.
  • Isaiah 5:25 (thematic): Speaks of God's anger kindled against his people and his hand being stretched out against them — another prophetic statement of divine wrath and judgment on Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When God heard, he was full of anger and utterly rejected Israel.
  • When God heard, he was full of wrath and utterly rejected Israel.
60 He forsook his dwelling at Shiloh, the tent where he had dwelt among men.

Psa.78.60 - Details

Translation

He forsook his dwelling at Shiloh, the tent where he had dwelt among men.

Original Text

ויטש משכן שלו אהל שכן באדם׃

Morphology

  • ויטש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • משכן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שלו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • שכן: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • באדם: PREP

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 7:12 (allusion): Explicitly recalls Shiloh as the place where God first caused his name to dwell and declares what was done to it because of Israel’s wickedness—directly echoes the abandonment of the dwelling in Ps 78:60.
  • 1 Samuel 3:21 (verbal): States that the LORD revealed himself at Shiloh in earlier times, providing a verbal/historical contrast to Psalm 78’s claim that God abandoned his tent at Shiloh.
  • 1 Samuel 4:11 (thematic): Reports the capture of the ark and the death of Eli’s sons—an historical event tied to the loss of God’s presence at Shiloh, thematically linked to the Psalm’s note of God abandoning his dwelling.
  • Psalm 74:7 (thematic): Describes enemies breaking down God’s sanctuary and profaning the place where his name was honored; parallels the theme of God’s dwelling-place being laid low and his presence removed.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he forsook the tabernacle at Shiloh, the tent where he dwelt among men,
  • He forsook the tabernacle at Shiloh, the tent where he dwelt among men.
61 He gave his strength and splendor into captivity, and his beauty into the hands of the foe.

Psa.78.61 - Details

Translation

He gave his strength and splendor into captivity, and his beauty into the hands of the foe.

Original Text

ויתן לשבי עזו ותפארתו ביד־ צר׃

Morphology

  • ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לשבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עזו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
  • ותפארתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • צר: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 2:14 (thematic): Both describe the LORD's anger resulting in Israel being delivered into the hands of plunderers/enemies—God handing over the people's power to hostile forces.
  • Psalm 106:40–41 (verbal): The psalm recounts God giving Israel into the hands of the nations that hated them; language and theme closely parallel Ps 78:61's 'gave ... into the hand of the enemy.'
  • 2 Chronicles 36:17 (verbal): Describes God delivering Judah into the hand of the Chaldeans/Nebuchadnezzar as judgment—an explicit instance of God handing over people and their glory to enemies, echoing Ps 78:61.
  • Deuteronomy 28:25 (thematic): Part of the covenant curses promising that disobedience will result in defeat and being delivered into the hand of enemies, providing a legal-theological backdrop for Ps 78:61.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and gave his power into captivity, his glory into the hand of the foe.
  • He gave his power into captivity and his glory into the hand of the foe.
62 He delivered his people to the sword and was provoked against his heritage.

Psa.78.62 - Details

Translation

He delivered his people to the sword and was provoked against his heritage.

Original Text

ויסגר לחרב עמו ובנחלתו התעבר׃

Morphology

  • ויסגר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ובנחלתו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • התעבר: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 63:10-11 (verbal): Speaks of Israel rebelling and God 'turning to be their enemy,' closely mirroring the language of God giving his people over to the sword and being angry with his inheritance.
  • Numbers 14:11-12 (thematic): God expresses wrath at Israel's refusal to enter the land and threatens to destroy and disinherit them—parallel theme of divine anger and handing over the people to judgment.
  • Deuteronomy 9:14-15 (thematic): God tells Moses he will destroy the people for provoking him, reflecting the motif of divine anger toward his own inheritance and intent to punish them.
  • 2 Chronicles 36:15-17 (thematic): Describes how God gave Judah into the hand of Babylon as punishment, a later historical fulfillment of the pattern expressed in Psalm 78 of God delivering his people to the sword/enemies.
  • Psalm 78:59-61 (structural): Immediate context within the same psalm recounting how God's wrath removed his protection, struck their strongholds, and delivered them to the sword—directly parallel and supportive of v.62.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave his people over to the sword and was furious with his inheritance.
  • He gave his people over to the sword and was furious with his inheritance.
63 His young men were struck down; his virgins were not given in marriage.

Psa.78.63 - Details

Translation

His young men were struck down; his virgins were not given in marriage.

Original Text

בחוריו אכלה־ אש ובתולתיו לא הוללו׃

Morphology

  • בחוריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • אכלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ובתולתיו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • הוללו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:62 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm: vv.62–64 describe God’s wrath on Jacob/Israel and the destruction that leads directly to the fate of the young in v.63.
  • Isaiah 13:16 (verbal): Part of a prophetic oracle of judgment that depicts children killed and women violated—parallel imagery of communal devastation leaving young men dead and maidens dishonored or bereft of marriage.
  • Joel 1:8–9 (thematic): Laments for maidens and the disruption of normal marriage/bridal life in the wake of divine or military disaster; thematically echoes 'maidens not given in marriage.'
  • Ezekiel 7:15–16 (thematic): Announces an imminent doom in which strength and young warriors fall by the sword and the land is exposed to terror—parallels the motif of young men being consumed in judgment.
  • Isaiah 3:25–26 (thematic): Describes the aftermath of judgment—men falling by the sword and public mourning—closely parallels the social and demographic disruption expressed in Ps 78:63.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Fire consumed their young men, and their young women had no wedding songs.
  • Fire consumed their young men; their young women had no marriage songs.
64 His priests fell by the sword, and his widows made no lamentation.

Psa.78.64 - Details

Translation

His priests fell by the sword, and his widows made no lamentation.

Original Text

כהניו בחרב נפלו ואלמנתיו לא תבכינה׃

Morphology

  • כהניו: NOUN,m,pl,pronominal3ms
  • בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נפלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ואלמנתיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,pronominal3ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תבכינה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 4:10-11 (thematic): Narrative account of Israel's defeat in which the ark is captured and Eli’s sons (the priests) are killed—parallels Psalm 78’s image of the sanctuary humiliated and priests falling by the sword.
  • Lamentations 2:20 (verbal): Direct lament that priest and prophet are slain in the sanctuary; closely echoes the language and theme of priests killed and the collapse of cultic life in Ps 78:64.
  • Psalm 79:2-3 (thematic): Commune lament describing nations profaning the temple and giving the bodies of God’s servants to beasts—parallels the desecration of the sanctuary and death of God’s ministers in Ps 78:64.
  • Psalm 74:7-9 (thematic): Complaint about enemies setting God’s sanctuary on fire and the resulting desolation and loss of leadership (no prophet/guide)—resonates with Ps 78:64’s theme of cultic collapse and communal bereavement.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Their priests fell by the sword, and their widows could not weep.
  • Their priests fell by the sword, and their widows could not make lamentation.
65 Then the LORD awoke as one out of sleep, like a mighty man roused from wine.

Psa.78.65 - Details

Translation

Then the LORD awoke as one out of sleep, like a mighty man roused from wine.

Original Text

ויקץ כישן ׀ אדני כגבור מתרונן מיין׃

Morphology

  • ויקץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כישן: PREP
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • כגבור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מתרונן: VERB,hitp,ptc,3,m,sg
  • מיין: NOUN,m,pl,construct

Parallels

  • Isaiah 42:13 (verbal): God goes forth 'as a mighty man' who cries/shouts in action—language closely mirrors Psalm 78:65's image of the LORD rousing like a warrior who shouts.
  • Isaiah 51:9-10 (allusion): The summons 'Awake, awake' and the depiction of God's arm rising in strength echo the motif of God awakening from sleep to act judgment, similar to Ps 78:65.
  • Psalm 7:6 (thematic): Prayer for the LORD to 'arise... in wrath' parallels the idea of God rousing himself in anger/efficacy as in Ps 78:65.
  • Habakkuk 3:2,6,13 (thematic): The divine theophany in Habakkuk—God reviving his work, marching forth in wrath like a warrior and striking the nations—resonates with the image of the LORD awakening as a mighty man to act.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the LORD awoke as one out of sleep, as a giant fuming at wine.
  • Then the LORD awoke as one out of sleep, as a mighty man refreshed by wine.
66 He struck his enemies back; he put everlasting shame upon them.

Psa.78.66 - Details

Translation

He struck his enemies back; he put everlasting shame upon them.

Original Text

ויך־ צריו אחור חרפת עולם נתן למו׃

Morphology

  • ויך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • צריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
  • אחור: ADV
  • חרפת: NOUN,f,sg,const
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • למו: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:27-28 (thematic): God causes the enemy host to be routed and destroyed (Pharaoh’s chariots overwhelmed), echoing Psalm 78’s theme of God striking Israel’s foes and bringing them to shame.
  • Psalm 68:1-2 (verbal): Calls for God to arise so his enemies are scattered and put to flight—paralleling the image of God smiting enemies backward and humiliating them.
  • Psalm 18:39-41 (18:40-42 MT) (verbal): Describes Yahweh arming the psalmist for battle and making his enemies turn their backs and fall—closely matching the motif of God smiting and routing foes.
  • Judges 7:21-22 (thematic): Describe the miraculous rout of the Midianite army when pursuers turned and fled; parallels the depiction of divine intervention that puts enemies to lasting shame.
  • Deuteronomy 28:37 (thematic): Warns that disobedience will make Israel ‘a byword and a proverb’ among the nations—a comparable idea to being set under perpetual reproach in Psalm 78:66.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He struck down his adversaries backward; he put them to everlasting reproach.
  • He struck his enemies backward; he put them to perpetual reproach.
67 He rejected the tent of Joseph and did not choose the tribe of Ephraim,

Psa.78.67 - Details

Translation

He rejected the tent of Joseph and did not choose the tribe of Ephraim,

Original Text

וימאס באהל יוסף ובשבט אפרים לא בחר׃

Morphology

  • וימאס: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • באהל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובשבט: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • בחר: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:68 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same narrative: after refusing the tent of Joseph/Ephraim the verse goes on to state that God chose the tribe of Judah and Mount Zion (direct parallel within the same Psalm).
  • Genesis 49:8-10 (allusion): Jacob's blessing of Judah (the scepter and leadership) provides the background for why God 'did not choose' Joseph/Ephraim for ultimate leadership — Judah is set aside for kingship and rule.
  • 1 Samuel 16:1-13 (thematic): The pattern of God rejecting the expected or established candidate (Saul) and choosing another from an unexpected house (David of Judah) parallels the theme of divine choice here — God passes over Joseph/Ephraim and assigns leadership elsewhere.
  • Hosea 4:17 (allusion): Ephraim is portrayed as guilty and abandoned ('Ephraim is joined to idols; leave him alone'), echoing the motif of God turning away from the house/tribe of Joseph/Ephraim and withholding his favor.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He refused the tent of Joseph and chose not the tribe of Ephraim;
  • He abandoned the tent of Joseph and did not choose the tribe of Ephraim.
68 but he chose the tribe of Judah, Mount Zion which he loved.

Psa.78.68 - Details

Translation

but he chose the tribe of Judah, Mount Zion which he loved.

Original Text

ויבחר את־ שבט יהודה את־ הר ציון אשר אהב׃

Morphology

  • ויבחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אהב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 49:10 (thematic): Judah is presented as the leading tribe (ruler/scepter motif), paralleling Psalm 78’s emphasis on God’s choice of the tribe of Judah.
  • 2 Samuel 5:7 (structural): David’s capture of Zion (the city of David) links Mount Zion with Judah’s kingship, reflecting Psalm 78’s selection of Judah and Mount Zion.
  • Psalm 132:13-14 (verbal): Explicitly states that the LORD has chosen Zion and desired it for his dwelling—language very close to Psalm 78’s ‘chose… Mount Zion which he loved.’
  • Psalm 87:2 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD’s love for the gates/dwellings of Zion, echoing the motif of God’s special love for Zion in Psalm 78:68.
  • Hebrews 12:22 (allusion): New Testament reference to coming to Mount Zion as God’s chosen/spiritual assembly, echoing the biblical tradition of Zion as God’s chosen place (allusive use of the motif).

Alternative generated candidates

  • but he chose the tribe of Judah, Mount Zion, which he loved.
  • But he chose the tribe of Judah, Mount Zion which he loved.
69 He built his sanctuary like the heights, like the earth which he established forever.

Psa.78.69 - Details

Translation

He built his sanctuary like the heights, like the earth which he established forever.

Original Text

ויבן כמו־ רמים מקדשו כארץ יסדה לעולם׃

Morphology

  • ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כמו: PREP
  • רמים: ADJ,m,pl
  • מקדשו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • יסדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+PRON,3,f,sg
  • לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 93:1 (verbal): Uses the same language of God’s eternal rule and the world being firmly established — 'the world is established, it shall not be moved,' echoing 'He founded it forever.'
  • Psalm 104:5 (thematic): Speaks of God laying the foundations of the earth and establishing its order — parallels the motif of God founding the earth 'for ever' and his sovereign ordering of creation.
  • 1 Kings 8:27 (structural): Solomon’s prayer at the dedication of the temple reflects on building a house for God on earth and the paradox of God's dwelling — connects to the imagery of God’s 'sanctuary' being built among the heights/earth.
  • 2 Samuel 7:13 (allusion): God’s promise that David’s offspring 'shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever' ties the themes of temple-building and eternal establishment found in Ps 78:69.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He built his sanctuary like the heights, like the earth which he established forever.
  • He built his sanctuary like the heights, like the earth which he established forever.
70 He chose David his servant and took him from the sheepfolds;

Psa.78.70 - Details

Translation

He chose David his servant and took him from the sheepfolds;

Original Text

ויבחר בדוד עבדו ויקחהו ממכלאת צאן׃

Morphology

  • ויבחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בדוד: PREP
  • עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • ויקחהו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ממכלאת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 16:11-13 (verbal): Samuel anoints David after being sent to Jesse’s sons; David is identified as the one keeping the sheep—narrative source for ‘took him from the sheepfolds.’
  • 2 Samuel 7:8 (verbal): God’s promise to David: ‘I took you from the sheepcote… and made you prince over my people’—close verbal echo of being taken from the sheepfold to be chosen.
  • 1 Chronicles 17:7 (verbal): Parallel retelling of 2 Samuel 7:8 with the same language about taking David from the sheepcote and establishing him, echoing the Psalm’s line.
  • Psalm 89:20 (thematic): ’I have found David my servant; with my holy oil I have anointed him’—echoes the theme of God’s selection and anointing of David from humble origins.
  • Acts 13:22 (allusion): NT summary of God’s choice: ‘I have found David… a man after my heart,’ alluding to and interpreting the OT motif of God’s choosing David from the sheepfolds.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He chose David his servant and took him from the sheepfolds;
  • He chose David also his servant and took him from the sheepfolds;
71 from following the ewes he brought him to shepherd Jacob his people and Israel his inheritance.

Psa.78.71 - Details

Translation

from following the ewes he brought him to shepherd Jacob his people and Israel his inheritance.

Original Text

מאחר עלות הביאו לרעות ביעקב עמו ובישראל נחלתו׃

Morphology

  • מאחר: PREP
  • עלות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • הביאו: VERB,hiphil,imperat,2,m,pl
  • לרעות: VERB,qal,inf
  • ביעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ובישראל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נחלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,suff:3,m

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.16:11-13 (verbal): Samuel anoints David after bringing him from the sheepfolds — the narrative source for the language of taking David from the sheep to lead Israel.
  • 2 Sam.7:8 (verbal): God's promise: 'I took you from the sheepcote... that you should be prince over my people Israel' — nearly identical imagery and phrasing.
  • 1 Chron.17:7-8 (verbal): Parallel retelling of the royal promise echoing the same 'from the sheepfolds' language and the call to shepherd Israel.
  • Acts 13:22 (quotation): Paul cites God's choice of David ('a man after my heart'), recalling the divine election that removed him from the sheep to rule Israel (thematic allusion to the Psalm and Samuel/Chronicles accounts).

Alternative generated candidates

  • from following the nursing ewes he brought him to shepherd Jacob his people and Israel his inheritance.
  • from following the ewes great with young he brought him to shepherd Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.
72 He shepherded them with integrity of heart and guided them with skillful hands.

Psa.78.72 - Details

Translation

He shepherded them with integrity of heart and guided them with skillful hands.

Original Text

וירעם כתם לבבו ובתבונות כפיו ינחם׃

Morphology

  • וירעם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כתם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לבבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • ובתבונות: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כפיו: NOUN,f,pl,poss,3,m
  • ינחם: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 16:11-13 (structural): Narrative antecedent: Samuel brings David from the sheepfold and anoints him as God’s chosen, linking the Psalm’s claim that God chose David and set him over Israel as shepherd-leader.
  • 2 Samuel 5:2 (verbal): The leaders say to David, 'You shall shepherd my people Israel,' echoing the Psalm’s language of David as shepherd who leads the people.
  • Ezekiel 34:23-24 (allusion): Prophetic promise that God will set up 'one shepherd, my servant David'—an eschatological echo of David’s role as Israel’s righteous shepherd in the Psalm.
  • 1 Samuel 17:34-37 (thematic): David’s account of protecting his sheep from lion and bear emphasizes his practical skill and courage as a shepherd, paralleling the Psalm’s note that he shepherded with an upright heart and skillful hands.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He shepherded them with integrity of heart and guided them with skillful hands.
  • With upright heart he shepherded them and guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.

To the choirmaster. A Maskil of Asaph. Hear, my people, my instruction; incline your ears to the words of my mouth.

I will open my mouth in a parable; I will utter riddles from of old,

what we have heard and known, and what our fathers have told us.

We will not hide them from their children; to the generation to come we will recount the praises of the LORD, his strength and his wondrous deeds.

He established a statute in Jacob and set a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers to teach to their children;

that the generation to come might know them— the children yet unborn— who would rise up and tell them to their children,

that they might put their confidence in God and not forget the deeds of God, but keep his commandments;

and not be like their fathers, a stubborn, rebellious generation— a generation that did not set its heart aright and whose spirit was not faithful to God.

The sons of Ephraim, men skilled with the bow, turned back on the day of battle.

They did not keep the covenant of God and refused to walk in his law.

They forgot his works and the wonders he had shown them.

He worked wonders before their fathers in the land of Egypt, in the fields of Zoan.

He divided the sea and led them through; he made the waters stand up like a heap.

He led them by a cloud in daytime and all the night by a pillar of fire.

He cleft rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink like abundant springs.

Streams came forth from the rock, and water flowed down like rivers.

Yet they continued to sin against him, rebelling against the Most High in the desert.

They tempted God in their hearts by asking food for their craving.

They spoke against God, saying, “Can God spread a table in the wilderness?

Behold, he struck the rock and waters gushed out; streams overflowed. Can he also give bread, or provide flesh for his people?”

Therefore the LORD heard and was angry; a fire was kindled against Jacob, and wrath also went up against Israel.

For they did not believe in God and did not trust in his salvation.

He commanded the skies above and opened the doors of heaven;

and he rained down on them manna to eat and gave them the bread of heaven.

Man ate the bread of angels; he sent them food in abundance.

He caused an east wind to blow in the heavens and by his power brought on the south wind.

He rained down flesh upon them like dust, winged birds like the sand of the sea;

they fell in the midst of their camp, all around their dwellings.

They ate and were abundantly satisfied; for he gave them what they craved.

Yet their craving was not turned away; while the food was still in their mouths,

God’s anger rose against them— he struck down the stoutest among them and humbled the youth of Israel.

In spite of all this they continued to sin and did not believe in his wondrous acts.

They consumed their days in futility and their years in terror.

When he slew them they sought him; they repented and inquired early after God.

They remembered that God was their rock, and the Most High God their redeemer.

They flattered him with their mouth and lied to him with their tongue;

their heart was not steadfast with him, nor were they faithful to his covenant.

Yet he, being merciful, forgave their transgression and did not destroy them; often he turned back his anger and did not arouse all his wrath.

For he remembered that they were but flesh, a passing breath that does not return.

How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness and provoked him in the desert!

They turned back and tempted God, and put a limit upon the Holy One of Israel.

They forgot his hand, the day when he delivered them from the hand of the foe;

when he worked his signs in Egypt and his wonders in the fields of Zoan.

He turned their rivers to blood, so that they could not drink of their streams.

He sent among them swarms of flies that devoured them, and frogs that destroyed them.

He gave their produce to the caterpillar and the fruit of their toil to the locust.

He destroyed their vines with hail and their sycamore trees with frost.

He smote their dwellings with hail and their cattle with hot bolts of lightning.

He let loose on them the burning of his anger— fury, indignation, and distress— a band of destroying angels.

He made a path for his wrath; he did not spare their life from death, but gave their soul over to the plague.

He struck down every firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of strength in the dwellings of Ham.

He led out his people like sheep and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.

He brought them to safety so they were not afraid, and he overwhelmed their enemies at the sea.

He brought them to his holy border, to the mountain his right hand had won.

He drove nations out before them and apportioned their lands as an inheritance; he made the tribes of Israel dwell in their tents.

Yet they tested and rebelled against the Most High and did not keep his testimonies.

They turned back and were faithless like their fathers; they became twisted, like a deceitful bow.

They angered him by their high places and provoked him with their carved images.

God heard and was angry; he utterly rejected Israel.

He forsook his dwelling at Shiloh, the tent where he had dwelt among men.

He gave his strength and splendor into captivity, and his beauty into the hands of the foe.

He delivered his people to the sword and was provoked against his heritage.

His young men were struck down; his virgins were not given in marriage.

His priests fell by the sword, and his widows made no lamentation.

Then the LORD awoke as one out of sleep, like a mighty man roused from wine.

He struck his enemies back; he put everlasting shame upon them.

He rejected the tent of Joseph and did not choose the tribe of Ephraim,

but he chose the tribe of Judah, Mount Zion which he loved.

He built his sanctuary like the heights, like the earth which he established forever.

He chose David his servant and took him from the sheepfolds;

from following the ewes he brought him to shepherd Jacob his people and Israel his inheritance.

He shepherded them with integrity of heart and guided them with skillful hands.