Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol
Ezekiel 32:1-32
Eze.32.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשתי: PREP+NUM,card,f,dual
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בשני: PREP+NUM,m,du,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- באחד: PREP
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Ezekiel 26:1 (structural): Both open an oracle with a precise dating formula and the standard prophetic introduction 'the word of the LORD came to me,' marking the start of a nation-directed prophecy.
- Ezekiel 29:1 (verbal): Very similar dating-language and introductory formula; both verses introduce prophecies concerning Egypt/foreign powers using the same prophetic phrasing.
- Jeremiah 1:2-3 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'the word of the LORD came to me' and frames prophetic messages within a historical time-frame, paralleling Ezekiel's date-stamped oracles.
- Isaiah 6:1 (thematic): Also locates a prophetic vision by a specific year ('In the year that King Uzziah died'), reflecting the common prophetic practice of anchoring revelations to historical dates.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
- And it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Eze.32.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- קינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כפיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נדמית: VERB,niphal,perf,2,m,sg
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- כתנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ותגח: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בנהרותיך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ותדלח: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ברגליך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- ותרפס: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- נהרותם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Ezekiel 29:3-5 (verbal): Directly parallels Ezekiel’s portrayal of Pharaoh as a sea-monster in the Nile and the image of him lying in the river and fouling its waters; similar vocabulary and oracle against Egypt.
- Ezekiel 31:2-9 (thematic): Uses the same prophetic technique of comparing a proud ruler/empire to a great creature or plant and tracing sudden downfall (hubris → ruin); both chapters cast imperial pride in natural/monstrous imagery.
- Isaiah 27:1 (allusion): Invokes the Leviathan/sea-monster motif used elsewhere in the prophets to describe God’s enemies; Ezekiel’s ‘monster in the seas’ imagery echoes Isaiah’s depiction of monstrous foes overcome by YHWH.
- Exodus 15:4-5 (thematic): The victory motif over Egypt and the drowning of Pharaoh’s forces in the waters (Song of the Sea) resonates with Ezekiel’s river/sea imagery that signals Pharaoh’s humiliation and subjugation by the waters.
Alternative generated candidates
- Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him: 'You were a lion among the nations; you were like a sea‑monster in the great waters. You rolled about in your rivers, you muddied their streams with your feet and fouled their channels.'
- Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt and say to him, 'You have been likened to a young lion among the nations; you are like the sea monsters in the seas. You thrust in your rivers, you muddy their waters with your feet, and you clog their channels.
Eze.32.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ופרשתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- את: PRT,acc
- רשתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
- בקהל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- והעלוך: CONJ+VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
- בחרמי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 29:3-4 (verbal): Same oracle-genre and imagery against Egypt—Pharaoh described as a great sea-monster and God speaks of bringing him up/out of the waters; language of dragging up and defeat parallels the net/dragnet motif in Ezek. 32:3.
- Ezekiel 26:4 (verbal): Earlier Ezekiel prophecy against Tyre uses the explicit phrase of casting/spreading a net over a city and bringing it up with peoples—close verbal parallel in prophetic imagery of capture.
- Jeremiah 16:16 (thematic): God says He will 'send for many fishers' to gather the people—uses fishing/net imagery for divine gathering and capture of nations/peoples, thematically akin to Ezek. 32:3.
- Matthew 13:47-50 (thematic): Jesus' parable of the net that gathers all kinds of fish and the subsequent sorting is a New Testament echo of net-as-instrument-of-divine gathering and judgment, thematically parallel to Ezekiel's dragnet imagery.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the Lord GOD: 'I will spread my net over you with the company of many peoples, and I will haul you up in my dragnet.
- Thus says the Lord GOD: I will spread my net over you with many peoples, and I will haul you up in my dragnet.
Eze.32.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונטשתיך: VERB,qal,imprf,1,m,sg
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אטילך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- והשכנתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- כל: DET
- עוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והשבעתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,sg
- ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- חית: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Ezekiel 39:17-20 (thematic): Ezekiel again summons birds and beasts to feast on the fallen armies (Gog), using the same prophetic motif of nations cast out and given as food for scavengers.
- Psalm 79:2 (verbal): Speaks of the flesh of the slain as food for the birds of the sky and the flesh of nations as prey for beasts—closely mirrors the language of exposure and desecration in Ezek. 32:4.
- Isaiah 34:6-7 (verbal): Describes God’s judgment where the slain of the nations become food for birds and beasts, a parallel image of divine wrath leaving corpses to scavengers (judgment on Edom).
- 1 Samuel 17:44 (verbal): Goliath boasts he will give his opponent's flesh to the birds of the air—an earlier, concrete instance of the motif of enemies’ corpses being left for birds.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will cast you on the land; I will throw you out on the face of the field. I will make the fowls of the heavens dwell upon you, and I will satisfy the beasts of the earth with you.
- I will cast you forth upon the land, I will throw you out upon the surface of the field, and I will make you a spectacle; I will appoint over you every kind of bird of the heavens, and I will satisfy the beasts of the earth with you.
Eze.32.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בשרך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m
- על: PREP
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ומלאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- הגאיות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- רמותך: NOUN,f,pl,suf
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:4 (verbal): Immediate context in the same oracle against Egypt; uses the same graphic language of shedding flesh and spreading the slain on the mountains and in the valleys (verbal and contextual parallel).
- Ezekiel 39:17-20 (verbal): Depicts birds and beasts feeding on the flesh of the defeated on the mountains and in the open country—parallel imagery of corpses spread on mountains and consumed as part of divine judgment.
- Isaiah 34:3-6 (thematic): Oracular depiction of God’s wrath leaving corpses and blood on the land (often mountain/valley imagery); thematically parallels the humiliation and carnage pronounced on a nation.
- Psalm 79:2-3 (thematic): Speaks of bodies given to birds and flesh to beasts and blood in the streets—echoes the motif of exposed corpses and communal devastation as evidence of divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will give your flesh to the mountains and fill the valleys with your carcass.
- I will lay your flesh upon the mountains and fill the valleys with your carcass.
Eze.32.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והשקיתי: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,1,c,sg
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צפתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+suff2ms
- מדמך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+suff2ms
- אל: NEG
- ההרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואפקים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ימלאון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 34:6 (verbal): Uses the same motif of blood and slaughter—'the sword of the LORD is filled with blood'—close verbal imagery of land/mountains filled with blood and slain.
- Jeremiah 46:10 (verbal): Speaks of the sword drinking its fill and being covered with blood, echoing the image of the land being 'watered' with blood and filled with corpses.
- Psalm 79:3 (thematic): Describes enemies shedding the blood of God's servants 'like water' and streets filled with blood, paralleling the image of land being watered with blood.
- Ezekiel 39:11-12 (thematic): Depicts a valley used as a mass burial place (Hamon-gog) and the land filled with the slain—structurally and thematically similar to valleys/mountains filled with corpses in Ezekiel 32:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will also pour your flowing blood out upon the mountains, and the rivers shall be full of you.
- I will also pour out your filth upon the land; with your blood I will water the mountains, and the ravines shall be filled because of you.
Eze.32.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכסיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,comm,sg
- בכבותך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,suff-2ms
- שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והקדרתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,comm,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ככביהם: NOUN,m,pl,suff-3mp
- שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בענן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אכסנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,comm,sg
- וירח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יאיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אורו: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3ms
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:10 (verbal): Uses the same language of stars and constellations failing to give light and the sun and moon being darkened—cosmic darkness as a sign of divine judgment against nations.
- Isaiah 34:4 (thematic): Describes the heavens being rolled up and the stars falling—similar imagery of cosmic upheaval accompanying God’s wrath on the nations.
- Joel 2:31 (see also Joel 3:15 in some editions) (verbal): Speaks of the sun turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the day of the Lord—close verbal parallel and shared apocalyptic/judgment context (note variant chapter/verse numbering).
- Amos 8:9 (verbal): Promises to make the sun go down at noon and darken the earth in broad daylight—a sudden daytime darkening echoing Ezekiel’s clouding of the sun.
- Matthew 24:29 (quotation): Jesus (and the Gospel tradition) echoes the prophetic motif—'the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light, and the stars will fall'—applying the OT cosmic-judgment imagery to end-time events.
Alternative generated candidates
- When I put out your light I will cover the heavens and darken their stars; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light.
- I will cover the heavens and make their stars dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light.
Eze.32.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כל: DET
- מאורי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אקדירם: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ארצך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:7 (verbal): Immediate context—verse 7 directly parallels 32:8 with the same imagery of covering the heavens, darkening the stars, obscuring the sun, and silencing the moon as a judgment motif.
- Isaiah 13:10 (verbal): Speaks of stars and heavenly constellations not giving their light and the sun and moon being darkened—uses the same cosmic darkening language to announce divine judgment on the nations.
- Joel 2:10 (verbal): Describes the sun and moon darkening and the stars withdrawing their light before the day of the LORD—apocalyptic cosmic signs comparable to Ezekiel's image of heavenly lights being put out.
- Amos 8:9 (thematic): God declares he will make the sun go down at noon—sudden, divinely wrought darkness as a metaphor for judgment, thematically close to Ezekiel's darkening of the heavens over a land.
- Revelation 6:12 (allusion): Apocalyptic New Testament echo: the sun becomes black and the moon like blood at the opening of the sixth seal—reflects the OT motif of cosmic darkness signaling divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the lights of heaven will I make dark over you, and set darkness upon your land, says the Lord GOD.
- All the bright lights of heaven I will darken over you, and I will set darkness upon your land, declares the Lord GOD.
Eze.32.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והכעסתי: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,1,c,sg
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- בהביאי: PREP+VERB,hif,impf,1,m,sg
- שברך: VERB,qal,perf,3,sg
- בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- ארצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:21 (structural): Within the same oracle against Pharaoh the chapter describes the northern princes and foreign nations coming against Egypt—continuing the theme of many nations being moved against and mourning over Egypt’s downfall.
- Ezekiel 32:32 (thematic): Later in the chapter the nations are depicted as lamenting for Pharaoh and Egypt; both verses emphasize international reaction—terror, anger, and mourning—at Egypt’s destruction.
- Ezekiel 30:13 (thematic): An earlier Ezekiel prophecy announces that God will bring Egypt low among the nations and make it a desolation—parallel theme of God using foreign peoples and stirring national hostility as judgment.
- Isaiah 19:2 (verbal): Isaiah prophesies that the LORD will ‘stir up’ Egyptians against Egyptians and set the land into civil turmoil—similar idea of God agitating nations and causing internal and external conflict as judgment.
- Deuteronomy 32:41–43 (allusion): Moses’ song portrays God taking vengeance and bringing retribution upon the nations so that they know his judgement—echoes the motif of God arousing nations and executing punitive action among the peoples.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will trouble the hearts of many peoples when I bring your calamity among the nations, those that you did not know.
- I will dismay the hearts of many peoples when I bring your destruction among the nations, into lands you have not known.
Eze.32.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והשמותי: VERB,hiph,impf,1,x,sg
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ומלכיהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss,3,m,pl
- ישערו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בעופפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff_1s
- חרבי: NOUN,f,sg,poss1s
- על: PREP
- פניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- וחרדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לרגעים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לנפשו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff_3ms
- ביום: PREP
- מפלתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,pr2ms
Parallels
- Ezekiel 26:4 (verbal): Same prophetic formula 'I will bring up against you many nations'—foretells foreign kings and peoples rising against a proud ruler/city and stripping it of its defenses and wealth.
- Ezekiel 26:12 (verbal): Parallel imagery of plundering and stripping a defeated city ('they will strip you and take your clothes'), echoing the humiliation of a fallen power described in 32:10.
- Isaiah 47:2-3 (thematic): Depicts the humiliation of a once-powerful ruler—removal of garments and exposure—similar to the stripping and terror of leaders and peoples in Ezek. 32:10.
- Ezekiel 30:12 (thematic): Announcement that Egypt's multitude will cease at the hand of a foreign king (Nebuchadnezzar); shares the theme of foreign kings and peoples overpowering and bringing down a major national power.
- Ezekiel 32:21 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same lament: other nations and their leaders mock and speak against Egypt/Pharaoh after his fall—reinforces the scene of kings plucking and gloating in 32:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will make many peoples to wonder at you; their kings shall be dismayed, they shall put on fear at the edge of their swords; their faces shall grow pale, and each shall tremble for his life in the day of your fall.
- And I will set many nations against you, and their kings shall be at your head; they shall array themselves against you with the edge of the sword, and they shall tremble—each man for his own life—on the day of your downfall.
Eze.32.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- תבואך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Ezekiel 29:19 (verbal): Same prophetic formula ('Thus says the Lord GOD') and explicit prediction that the king of Babylon (Nebuchadnezzar) will come against Egypt — closely parallels the declaration of Babylon's sword coming.
- Ezekiel 30:13 (verbal): Predicts that Nebuchadnezzar/king of Babylon will bring the sword against Egypt; repeats the theme of Babylon as God's instrument of judgment on Egypt.
- Habakkuk 1:6 (thematic): Describes God raising up the Chaldeans/Babylonians as a bitter, swift nation to execute judgment — broader theological parallel to Babylon's sword brought by divine decree.
- Isaiah 10:5–6 (thematic): Portrays God using a foreign king and his sword (here Assyria) as an instrument of punishment; parallels the motif of God commissioning a foreign power to carry out judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the Lord GOD: 'The sword of the king of Babylon shall come upon you.'
- For thus says the Lord GOD: The sword of the king of Babylon shall come upon you.
Eze.32.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בחרבות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גבורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אפיל: PART
- המונך: ADJ,m,sg,def
- עריצי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- ושדדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- גאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ונשמד: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- המונה: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Ezekiel 30:10 (verbal): Same oracle against Egypt: God declares he will make the multitude of Egypt cease—language of downfall by the sword and the end of Egypt’s power echoes Ezek. 32:12.
- Isaiah 19:4-5 (thematic): Prophecy of Egypt’s collapse—God delivers Egyptians into conflict and defeats their strength; parallels the theme of mighty warriors falling and Egypt’s pride being humbled.
- Jeremiah 46:25-26 (thematic): Judgment against Egypt and its rulers: God punishes Pharaoh and Egypt, bringing devastation and the end of their counted strength, reflecting Ezekiel’s depiction of Egypt’s destruction.
- Isaiah 10:12-13 (thematic): God’s punishment of arrogant, powerful nations: the Lord brings down the mighty for their pride—parallels the motif of strong warriors cut down by divine judgment in Ezek. 32:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- By the swords of mighty men I will bring down your multitude; the ruthless among the nations shall plunder your spoil. I will make the pride of Egypt to cease, and all her multitudes shall be destroyed.
- By the swords of mighty men I will cause your multitude to fall; I will cut off the pride of Egypt, and all her multitude shall perish.
Eze.32.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והאבדתי: VERB,hif,perf,1,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- בהמתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PR,3,f,sg
- מעל: PREP
- מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- תדלחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg+suff3mp
- רגל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוד: ADV
- ופרסות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תדלחם: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg+suff3mp
Parallels
- Ezekiel 29:12 (thematic): Prophecy against Egypt that its land will become desolate and emptied of inhabitants—parallel theme of depopulation and removal of animals after divine judgment.
- Isaiah 13:21-22 (thematic): Describes desolated cities inhabited by wild animals and uninhabited by humans; parallels the motif of land emptied of human and animal activity following judgment.
- Jeremiah 50:3 (thematic): Announces Babylon’s desolation so that no one will dwell there—echoes the language and idea of places rendered empty of feet and hoofs.
- Ezekiel 39:4-5 (verbal): Depicts the fate of the slain after battle, with birds and beasts feeding on corpses; closely related imagery concerning animals and the aftermath of divine warfare (here serving as a partial contrast to Ezek.32:13’s removal/destruction of beasts).
- Psalm 79:2 (thematic): Laments enemies leaving corpses as food for birds and beasts—shares the motif of animals and the treatment of the dead in scenes of national catastrophe and judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will bereave her of all her beasts from many waters; no foot of man shall pass through them any more, and the hoofs of beasts shall not trample them.
- I will destroy all her beasts beside many waters; no foot of man shall trouble them any more, nor shall the hoofs of beasts trouble them.
Eze.32.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אז: ADV
- אשקיע: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- מימיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- ונהרותם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- כשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אוליך: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 29:3-12 (verbal): Another oracle against Egypt in which God attacks the Nile-rivers image: He speaks of striking the 'monster' in the rivers and making Egypt desolate and its waterways fail—closely related language and theme to drying up rivers in Ezek. 32:14.
- Isaiah 19:5-7 (thematic): A prophecy against Egypt featuring the drying up of the Nile and the failure of canals and fish—thematic parallel of watercourses being drained as divine judgment.
- Psalm 107:33-34 (thematic): Speaks of God turning rivers into a wilderness and fruitful land into a salty waste—uses similar imagery of God causing waters and lands to fail as judgment or punishment.
- Jeremiah 50:38 (verbal): Declares a drought on her waters so that they are dried up—verbal parallel in the direct statement of waters/rivers being dried up as divine retribution.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will stanch their flowing streams, and their canals shall be like oil; I will make their channels run dry—declares the Lord GOD.
- Then I will stanch their streams and make their rivers flow sluggish as oil, declares the Lord GOD.
Eze.32.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בתתי: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שממה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונשמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ממלאה: PARTCP,piel,pres,f,sg
- בהכותי: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- יושבי: PTC,qal,ptc,mp,cons
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- וידעו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 29:12 (verbal): Uses very similar wording about making the land of Egypt a desolation and concludes with the formula that they shall know that I am the LORD—parallel in both language and judgment motif.
- Ezekiel 30:3 (verbal): Part of Ezekiel's oracles against Egypt that employ the same declaration of divine punishment followed by the statement that the peoples will know that Yahweh is the LORD.
- Exodus 7:5 (verbal): Earliest occurrence of the motive-language ‘that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD’ in the plague narratives—establishes the recurring theme that God's acts against Egypt demonstrate his identity and sovereignty.
- Isaiah 19:21–22 (thematic): Isaiah predicts that through God's intervention the Egyptians will come to know the LORD; shares the theme that divine action toward Egypt results in recognition of Yahweh.
- Ezekiel 36:23 (thematic): Although in a restorative context, this verse expresses the same theological principle: God will act so that the nations (and Israel) will know that he is the LORD—parallel in purpose if not in immediate context.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will make the land of Egypt a desolation and a ruin among desolate lands; and they shall know that I am the LORD.
- I will make the land of Egypt desolate and a waste—fields shall be forsaken—and those who live there shall know that I am the LORD.
Eze.32.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- קינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- וקוננוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
- בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- תקוננה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- המונה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- תקוננה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 30:11-19 (verbal): Oracle against Egypt that speaks of a dirge and widespread mourning for Egypt’s princes and land—language of lamentation echoes Ezek. 32:16’s announcement that nations will sing a lament for Egypt.
- Ezekiel 31:15-18 (verbal): God ‘caused a mourning’ and made the nations shake at the fall of a great power; closely parallels the motif and wording of nations taking up a lament for a fallen ruler/state.
- Ezekiel 27:32-36 (thematic): The lament for Tyre (a city-song/dirge) presents the same ritualized mourning by foreign peoples for a great maritime city—parallel genre and social response to a city’s downfall.
- Jeremiah 46:25-26 (thematic): Prophetic oracle announcing judgment on Egypt and calling attention to the calamity that will provoke cries and lament—similar theme of national disaster eliciting mourning among nations.
- Isaiah 23:1-12 (thematic): Isaiah’s lament/oracle concerning Tyre (the ‘daughter of Sidon’) portrays international lament and the fall of a famed city—parallels Ezekiel’s depiction of nations singing a funeral lament over Egypt.
Alternative generated candidates
- It is a lamentation; and they shall chant it—daughters of the nations shall chant it—over Egypt and over all her multitude, says the Lord GOD.
- It is a lamentation and a dirge; the daughters of the nations shall bring it to mourning over Egypt and over all her multitude, says the Lord GOD.
Eze.32.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשתי: PREP+NUM,card,f,dual
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בחמשה: PREP+NUM,m,pl
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Ezekiel 26:1 (structural): Another oracle in Ezekiel introduced by a precise dating formula and the phrase ‘the word of the LORD came to me,’ showing the same structural opening for prophetic utterance.
- Ezekiel 7:1 (verbal): Opens with the identical phrase ‘The word of the LORD came to me,’ a common verbal marker announcing an oracle.
- Ezekiel 33:1 (verbal): Uses the recurring formula ‘And the word of the LORD came unto me,’ functioning as the standard prophetic introduction for messages in Ezekiel.
- Jeremiah 1:4 (verbal): ‘The word of the LORD came unto me’ introduces Jeremiah’s call—parallel verbal formula signaling divine communication to a prophet.
- Hosea 1:1 (verbal): Begins with ‘The word of the LORD that came unto Hosea,’ a comparable prophetic opening framing the ensuing oracle.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it came to pass in the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
- And it came to pass in the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Eze.32.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נהה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- על: PREP
- המון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- והורדהו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- ובנות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אדרם: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אל: NEG
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תחתיות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- יורדי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 31:16-18 (verbal): Uses similar imagery of cutting down the proud and casting them into the 'lowest parts'/'pit'—a lament over a great nation ending in descent to Sheol, closely paralleling wording and motif.
- Ezekiel 32:21 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same oracle: the chiefs and multitudes of the nations are depicted together in the pit, expanding the scene of Egypt's descent introduced in v.18.
- Isaiah 14:9-15 (thematic): A taunt against a fallen ruler where Sheol is stirred and the fallen are brought down to the pit—shares the theme of humiliation and descent of a great power to the underworld.
- Psalm 49:14-15 (thematic): Speaks of the wicked being appointed to Sheol and 'going down to the stones of the pit,' echoing the motif of nations/people descending to the grave.
- Ezekiel 30:3-8 (allusion): An earlier Ezekiel oracle announcing Egypt's coming day of doom and judgment—themewise parallel in forecasting Egypt's overthrow and descent into ruin.
Alternative generated candidates
- Son of man, lament for the multitude of Egypt, and bring her down, and the daughters of the nations shall be brought down to the lower parts of the earth, to those who go down into the pit.
- Son of man, lament over the multitude of Egypt and cast them down, and deliver them to the lower parts of the earth with those who go down into the pit.
Eze.32.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ממי: PREP+PRON,interrog
- נעמת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- רדה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- והשכבה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
Parallels
- Ezek.32:21 (structural): Immediate context: the chapter continues with the scene of the dead in Sheol — nations and chiefs speaking from the underworld, expanding the motif of lying with the uncircumcised.
- Ezek.31:15-18 (thematic): Another Ezekiel lament describing mighty nations/kingdoms going down to Sheol and being laid low among the uncircumcised — similar imagery of downfall and burial with the nations.
- Isaiah 14:9-11 (allusion): Depicts Sheol stirred to meet a fallen ruler and nations lying together in the grave; parallels the prophetic taunt over a defeated king laid among the dead.
- Psalm 49:14-15 (thematic): Uses the motif of the dead being laid down together and death’s dominion — echoes the communal burial imagery applied to foreign nations and the powerful.
- Romans 2:28-29 (verbal): Uses 'circumcision/uncircumcision' as a theological category (internal vs. external) — thematically relates to Ezekiel’s use of 'uncircumcised' to mark foreign, non‑covenantal peoples among the dead.
Alternative generated candidates
- Whom will you now be esteemed above in beauty? In whom do you glory? You shall lie with the uncircumcised.
- Whom have you been like in beauty? Go down and be laid with the uncircumcised.
Eze.32.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בתוך: PREP
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יפלו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נתנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- משכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- המוניה: NOUN,f,sg,def+3fs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:27 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same lament — repeats the imagery of the slain lying 'within' and the company of those cut down by the sword (continuation of the death-by-sword motif).
- Ezekiel 26:20-21 (verbal): Prophetic lament over Tyre uses similar language of falling by the sword and the heaps of slain, linking foreign invasion and wholesale slaughter as divine judgment.
- Isaiah 34:6-8 (thematic): Graphic prophetic depiction of multitudes slain, the sword of the LORD filled with blood and the land punished — parallels the theme of mass slaughter as divine retribution.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17 (thematic): Describes God handing Judah over to the Chaldeans, who kill many 'with the sword' — comparable motif of a people felled by the sword as an act of judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- They shall fall in the midst of the valley of the slain; with the mighty, with the violent, the sword shall have taken them; their multitudes shall lie with the mighty who are brought down.
- They shall fall by the sword; her multitude is cast down in the slaughter—those who bear arms are cut off.
Eze.32.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ידברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- גבורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מתוך: PREP
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- עזריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ירדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שכבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הערלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 14:9-11 (allusion): Sheol/personified dead respond to a fallen king — 'Sheol from beneath is stirred up' and the dead speak to him, mirroring Ezekiel's image of chiefs in Sheol addressing the fallen Pharaoh.
- Ezekiel 31:16-18 (verbal): Same book and imagery: the proud are cast into Sheol and 'laid with the uncircumcised' — closely parallels language and theme of descent and lying with the uncircumcised.
- Ezekiel 32:27 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: continuation/repetition of the scene in Sheol where the mighty and the slain speak of the downfall of Pharaoh and the other fallen leaders.
- 1 Samuel 28:13-14 (thematic): The dead (Samuel) speak to the living (Saul) after being summoned — parallels the motif of the deceased in the netherworld addressing or being related to the affairs of the living ruler.
Alternative generated candidates
- Mighty men shall speak to him out of Sheol—his helpers descend and lie uncircumcised, slain by the sword.
- Mighty men shall speak to him out of the grave, and with their helpers they are gone down; they lie uncircumcised, slain by the sword.
Eze.32.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שם: ADV
- אשור: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- קהלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סביבותיו: NOUN,f,pl,poss3ms
- קברתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suf,3,m,sg
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הנפלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:18 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same oracle — continues the image of slain multitudes and nations lying in the pit, expanding the motif of corpses and burial introduced in 32:22.
- Ezekiel 31:16–18 (thematic): Earlier Ezekiel oracle using the imagery of a great tree and the nations‘ fall — like 32:22, it depicts powerful nations brought down and lying dead together in the pit/grave.
- Isaiah 14:19–20 (thematic): Depicts the downfall and burial of a great king (Babylon) with vivid language of corpses and the grave — thematically parallel in portraying the ignominious end of once-mighty powers.
- Isaiah 10:12 (thematic): God’s pronouncement of punishment on Assyria for its pride and violence — parallels Ezekiel’s depiction of Assyria and its hosts laid low by the sword as divine judgment.
- Nahum 3:7 (thematic): Describes Nineveh’s desolation and the flight/ruin of its multitudes — parallels the motif of a great imperial power reduced to slaughter and abandonment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Asshur and all her assembly around her graves— all of them were uncircumcised, slain by the sword.
- There is Asshur and all her company round about her graves; all of them are fallen, slain by the sword.
Eze.32.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- קברתיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בירכתי: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- קהלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סביבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- קברתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3f
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נפלים: VERB,qal,ptc,0,m,pl
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- חתית: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 31:16-18 (verbal): Same Ezekiel motif of a defeated nation laid low and cast into the pit/Sheol with other nations—language of being lowered into the depths and joining the dead.
- Ezekiel 26:20-21 (verbal): Tyre’s dead are described as cast into the depths and their assemblies lamenting—shared imagery of burial in the pit and nations lying slain by the sword.
- Isaiah 14:15-19 (thematic): The fall of a proud ruler to Sheol and the description of being laid in the grave among the dead parallels Ezekiel’s theme of humiliation, burial, and being joined with other slain nations.
- Psalm 88:3-6 (thematic): Speaks of being surrounded by death, darkness, and the pit—comparable thematic language of the grave/pit as place of downfall and being among the dead.
Alternative generated candidates
- They gave their graves in the rear of the pit; her company were round about her sepulcher; all were those who fell by the sword, who caused terror in the land of the living.
- They put her tomb in the rear of the pit, and her company were round about her grave; all of them were slain, fallen by the sword—who had spread terror in the land of the living.
Eze.32.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שם: ADV
- עילם: NOUN,proper,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- המונה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- קברתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3f
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הנפלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- א: PRT
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תחתיות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- חתיתם: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- וישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כלמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON3mp
- את: PRT,acc
- יורדי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:21 (verbal): Immediate context within the same lament — echoes the language of the slain calling from Sheol and the motif of the fallen going down to the pit; continues the picture of defeated nations lying among the uncircumcised.
- Isaiah 14:9-11 (thematic): Both passages portray the downfall and humiliation of a proud ruler/people before Sheol—the dead are stirred, kings descend to the pit, and the imagery emphasizes shame and loss of status.
- Job 17:13-16 (thematic): Job’s language about going down to the land of darkness/the pit and being among those who descend to the dust parallels Ezekiel’s motif of the slain ‘going down’ into the lower parts of the earth and the associated imagery of burial and shame.
- Jeremiah 49:34-39 (thematic): An independent oracle against Elam that predicts calamity and exile for that nation; thematically parallels Ezekiel’s pronouncement of Elam’s defeat and descent into death, even as Jeremiah likewise contemplates Elam’s fate among the nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- Elam and all her multitude were round about her sepulcher— all were uncircumcised, slain by the sword; they went down with the slain to the lower parts of the earth and bore their shame among those who go down to the pit.
- There is Elam and all her multitude round about her grave; all of them are slain, fallen by the sword, who went down uncircumcised into the lower parts of the earth; for they had wrought terror in the land of the living, and they bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.
Eze.32.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בתוך: PREP
- חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- משכב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המונה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביבותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- קברתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3f
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חתיתם: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- וישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כלמתם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יורדי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בתוך: PREP
- חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 14:9-20 (allusion): Both passages portray the proud ruler brought low into Sheol/the pit, rousing the dead and being denied honorable burial—language of descent to the pit and humiliation echoes Ezekiel’s image of graves and ‘those who go down to the pit.’
- Jeremiah 16:4 (thematic): God declares that certain condemned peoples ‘shall not be lamented or buried’ but left like refuse on the ground. This connects to Ezekiel’s theme of dishonorable death and burial (graves among the slain, uncircumcised in sword-holes).
- Deuteronomy 28:26 (thematic): As part of covenant curses the defeated are given over to scavengers and disgrace—‘your carcasses shall be food’—paralleling Ezekiel’s depiction of corpses exposed among the slain and the shameful fate of the vanquished.
- Ezekiel 26:20 (structural): A close Ezekiel parallel: earlier prophecy against Tyre uses the same imagery of being brought down ‘with those who go down to the pit’ and dying among the slain—recurrent motifs of descent to Sheol/pit and dishonorable deaths within Ezekiel’s oracle tradition.
Alternative generated candidates
- Within their slain they laid their bed— all her company were round about her grave, uncircumcised, slain by the sword; for their multitude had been put to death in the land of the living, and they bore their stench with those who go down to the pit.
- In the midst of the slain they have placed her; among all her multitude her grave—all uncircumcised, slain by the sword; for they put their terror in the land of the living and bore their shame with those who go down to the pit—among the slain they lie.
Eze.32.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שם: ADV
- משך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- המונה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- סביבותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
- קברותיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3fs
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- מחללי: NOUN,m,pl,constr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- חתיתם: NOUN,f,sg,poss3,m
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:21 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same oracle: continues the pictorial catalogue of slain nations, graves and the description of the dead as 'uncircumcised'—same imagery and vocabulary.
- Ezekiel 39:11-16 (thematic): Depicts mass burial of enemy hosts in a valley and the piling up of corpses—echoes the image of many slain and their graves and the disposal of the dead after divine judgment.
- Isaiah 14:18-20 (allusion): Taunting oracle against a fallen great ruler: vivid burial and humiliation imagery (kings in their tombs, discarded from the grave) parallels Ezekiel's depiction of Pharaoh's ignominious end among the dead.
- Psalm 49:14-15 (thematic): Speaks of multitudes laid in the grave and the certainty of death’s dominion—resonates with Ezekiel’s emphasis on many slain and the fate of the living turned to graves.
Alternative generated candidates
- Meshech and Tubal and all their multitude were round about her graves— all uncircumcised, slain by the sword; and they gave their might to the slain.
- There are Mesech and all her multitude round about her graves; all uncircumcised, from the slain by the sword; for they had wrought terror in the land of the living.
Eze.32.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- ישכבו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- גבורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נפלים: VERB,qal,ptc,0,m,pl
- מערלים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ירדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שאול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכלי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלחמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- ויתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חרבותם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,mp
- תחת: PREP
- ראשיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,pl
- ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עונתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- עצמותם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- חתית: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- גבורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 26:20 (verbal): Tyre is said to lie 'with those slain by the sword' and 'with the uncircumcised' in Sheol—language and motifs (uncircumcised, slain, lying in the pit) echo Ezek. 32:27.
- Ezekiel 31:14-18 (thematic): Describes a great king/tree cast down into the pit and given to the uncircumcised and slain—parallels the theme of mighty ones cut off and descending into Sheol.
- Ezekiel 32:21-24 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter depicts the chiefs and warriors in Sheol speaking and being laid low—continues and frames the same scene of fallen warriors and their torment.
- Isaiah 14:9-11 (thematic): Sheol is pictured as stirred up to meet a fallen king, with the dead observing and mocking—similar imagery of the underworld receiving powerful, humiliated rulers.
- Psalm 49:14-15 (thematic): Speaks of the mighty being appointed for Sheol and death devouring them—echoes the fate of powerful warriors laid low and given over to the pit.
Alternative generated candidates
- Neither shall the mighty lie down with the uncircumcised who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war; they put their swords under their heads, and their iniquity is upon their bones; for their reputation was of the mighty in the land of the living.
- Nor shall the mighty lie down with the slain who have gone down to Sheol with their weapons; they put their swords under their heads, and their boasting shall be laid upon their bones—because they were a terror in the land of the living.
Eze.32.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- בתוך: PREP
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- תשבר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ותשכב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:18 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel within the same oracle — repeats the image of the defeated lying 'among the uncircumcised' and with those 'slain by the sword.'
- Ezekiel 32:26 (structural): Another line in the chapter that reiterates the fate of the vanquished—lying with the uncircumcised—serving as a recurring structural refrain in the lament over Egypt/Pharaoh.
- Isaiah 14:18-20 (thematic): The downfall of a proud ruler who is brought low to Sheol and said to be 'like us' echoes the theme of royal humiliation and lying among the dead that appears in Ezekiel's lament for Pharaoh.
- Ezekiel 31:15-17 (allusion): Close thematic parallel in Ezekiel's lament over Assyria: a great, proud power is cut down and left to lie among the nations/the dead, using similar imagery of humiliation and burial among 'others.'
Alternative generated candidates
- But you shall be broken among the uncircumcised and lie with the slain by the sword.
- But you shall be broken among the uncircumcised and lie with the slain by the sword.
Eze.32.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שמה: ADV
- אדום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלכיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- נשיאיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- בגבורתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- ישכבו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
- ואת: CONJ
- ירדי: PARTCP,qal,act,pl
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:18-20 (structural): Immediate context: the same lament over the fallen princes and warriors who 'lie with the uncircumcised' and 'those who go down to the pit'—repeating the image of slain leaders in the netherworld.
- Isaiah 14:9-11 (thematic): Sheol/underworld language describing kings laid low and mocked in the pit parallels Ezekiel's depiction of defeated rulers lying with the uncircumcised.
- Isaiah 34:5-10 (thematic): Oracular depiction of divine slaughter and corpses strewn over the land (the sword of the LORD) echoes Ezekiel's image of princes given to the sword and the desolation of a nation.
- Jeremiah 49:7-18 (allusion): Oracle against Edom: announces Edom's downfall, humiliation and the cutting off of its warriors and princes—closely parallels Ezekiel's judgment language directed at Edom's rulers.
- Obadiah 1:10-14 (thematic): Prophetic denunciation of Edom's violence and the promise of its humiliation and loss of power resonates with Ezekiel's image of Edom's kings and princes reduced to the dead.
Alternative generated candidates
- There lie the princes of Edom and all her rulers, who clothed themselves with glory, who are laid with the slain by the sword; they are uncircumcised, they lie with those who go down to the pit.
- There lie the princes of Edom and all her rulers who in their strength laid low the slain by the sword; they lie uncircumcised with those who go down to the pit.
Eze.32.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שמה: ADV
- נסיכי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- צפון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- צדני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ירדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בחתיתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,pl
- מגבורתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,pl
- בושים: ADJ,m,pl
- וישכבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כלמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- יורדי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- בור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:21 (structural): Same lament sequence: mentions 'princes of the north' and 'all the Sidonians' who went down with the slain—repeats the motif of nations lying among the dead.
- Ezekiel 32:27 (verbal): Closely related wording about the uncircumcised and those 'pierced by the sword' who lie down—continues the graphic description of the dead and their shame.
- Ezekiel 26:20 (verbal): Pronounces death 'like the death of the uncircumcised' at the hands of foreigners—parallels the stigma of being 'uncircumcised' in burial and disgrace.
- Isaiah 14:9-11 (thematic): Depicts Sheol stirring and the shades greeting the fallen king—similar imagery of the dead, humiliation, and the congregation of nations in the realm of the dead.
- Psalm 49:14-15 (thematic): Speaks of the mighty being appointed for Sheol and shameful end of the proud—parallels the motif of princes lying with the slain and the disgrace of death.
Alternative generated candidates
- There also are all the princes of the north and all the helpers on every side; they have put their shame on them; they lie uncircumcised with the slain by the sword and bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.
- There are the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Sidonians who went down with their multitudes—by their might they were disgraced; they lie uncircumcised with the slain by the sword and bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.
Eze.32.31 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- יראה: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונחם: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- המונו: NOUN,m,sg,def,3,m,sg
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- חילו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pr3ms
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 30:19 (verbal): Speaks of Egypt's multitudes dying by the sword and the pomp of Egypt going down—language and theme of Pharaoh's host being slain closely parallel.
- Ezekiel 31:18 (verbal): Describes nations/tyrants lying ‘with those slain by the sword’ in the pit—similar imagery and phrasing about the dead hosts of great rulers.
- Isaiah 19:4 (thematic): Prophecy of Egypt delivered into the hand of a harsh master and brought low—themewise parallel of divine judgment and the fall of Pharaoh and his army.
- Jeremiah 46:25–26 (thematic): Oracles against Egypt predicting defeat and mourning; parallels Ezekiel's announcement that Pharaoh and his multitude will be laid low and seen as slain by the sword.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pharaoh shall see them and shall be comforted over all his multitude—Pharaoh and all his army—says the Lord GOD.
- Pharaoh shall see them and be comforted for all his multitude, the slain by the sword—Pharaoh and all his host, says the Lord GOD.
Eze.32.32 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חתיתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- והשכב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בתוך: PREP
- ערלים: ADJ,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- חללי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פרעה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- המונה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 32:27 (verbal): Immediate intra-chapter parallel: speaks of the 'mighty that are fallen' and the uncircumcised, echoing the image of the slain and the fate of Pharaoh's warriors in v.32.
- Ezekiel 31:17 (verbal): Very close vocabulary and imagery (casting into the pit / being covered with the multitude of his army); both passages portray a great ruler overwhelmed and consigned to the pit with his forces.
- Isaiah 14:15–20 (thematic): The fall of a proud ruler to Sheol: Isaiah's taunt against the king’s descent to the pit and being laid with the dead parallels Ezekiel's depiction of Pharaoh lying among the slain and in the realm of the dead.
- Ezekiel 28:18–19 (thematic): The prophet's oracle against the king of Tyre uses similar motifs of judgment, humiliation, and being laid low among the dead—another royal downfall language set that parallels the treatment of Pharaoh in ch.32.
Alternative generated candidates
- For I have put his stench among the nations, and his carcass among the uncircumcised; and I have given him to the sword with those who go down to the pit—Pharaoh and all his multitude, says the Lord GOD.
- For I have made her a terror in the land of the living; I have given to the uncircumcised her slain—Pharaoh and all his multitude—says the Lord GOD.
And it came to pass in the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say to him, ‘You are like a young lion among the nations; you were like a sea-monster in the seas. You surged in your rivers; you trampled the waters with your feet and besmirched their streams.’ Thus says the Lord GOD: I will spread my net over you with a company of many peoples, and will haul you up upon it.
I will leave you on the open land; I will cast you out upon the surface of the field, and I will make the birds of the heavens rest upon you, and will satisfy all the beasts of the earth from you.
I will give your flesh to the mountains and fill the valleys with your carcass.
I will make the land to drink your blood to the mountains, and the ravines shall be filled with you.
I will cover the heavens with your darkness and darken their stars; I will veil the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not shed its light.
All the lights of heaven I will darken over you, and I will set darkness upon your land, declares the Lord GOD.
I will make the hearts of many peoples to melt when I bring your downfall among the nations, to lands you did not know.
I will set many peoples against you; their kings shall draw the edge of the sword against your faces, and they shall tremble in anguish, each for his life, in the day of your fall.
For thus says the Lord GOD: The sword of the king of Babylon shall come against you.
With the swords of heroes I will make your multitudes fall—tyrants of the nations—all—and they shall plunder the pride of Egypt, and all who are numbered shall perish.
I will destroy every beast out of the many waters; no human foot shall trouble them any more, nor hoofs of beasts trouble them.
I will make their waters thick with you, and their rivers shall be clogged as with oil, says the Lord GOD.
I will make the land of Egypt a desolation and a waste; the land shall be desolate because I have struck every one who dwells in it; and they shall know that I am the LORD.
A lamentation—it is a lamentation—let the daughters of the nations lament it; they shall lament for Egypt and all her multitudes, declares the Lord GOD. And it came to pass in the twelfth year, on the fifteenth day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
Son of man, lament the multitude of Egypt and bring her down, and the daughters of the nations shall bring her down to the nether parts, to those who go down into the pit.
Who groans for her? Who brings her low and lays her among the uncircumcised?
In the midst of the valley of the slain they fall; the sword has taken him—its hand has drawn him away, with all his multitudes.
From Sheol the warriors speak to him: his helpers have gone down and lie there—uncircumcised, the slain by the sword.
There is Assyria and all her host round about their graves; all are among the slain who fell by the sword.
They who set their graves in the far reaches—her hosts round her burial-places—all are the slain who fell by the sword, who gave up their strength in the land of the living.
There are Elam and all her multitude round about her tombs— all the slain who fell by the sword; they went down uncircumcised to the lower parts, who gave their vigor in the land of the living and bear their shame with the inhabitants of the pit.
In the midst of the slain they have made their bed; all her multitudes round about her burial place are uncircumcised, slain by the sword, for they gave their strength in the land of the living and bear their reproach with those who go down to the pit.
There is Mesech and all her multitude round about their graves; all are uncircumcised, the slain by the sword, because they gave their strength in the land of the living.
The mighty shall not lie with the uncircumcised who went down to Sheol, with their weapons of war; they have laid their swords under their heads, and their reproach is upon their bones—because of the terror of the mighty in the land of the living. But you shall be broken among the uncircumcised; you shall lie with the slain by the sword.
There is Edom, her kings and all her princes, who in their might gave their lands to the slain by the sword—they lie there uncircumcised, with those who go down to the pit.
There are the princes of the north—all of them—and all the Sidonians who went down by their might; ashamed, they lie uncircumcised with the slain by the sword, and they bear their shame with those who go down to the pit.
Pharaoh shall see them and be comforted over all his multitude—the slain by the sword—Pharaoh and all his host, declares the Lord GOD.
For I have put his disgrace among the nations and cast him down among the uncircumcised; I have laid the slain of the sword with him—Pharaoh and all his multitudes, declares the Lord GOD.