Judgment on Moab
Jeremiah 48:1-47
Jer.48.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- למואב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוי: INTJ
- אל: NEG
- נבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שדדה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הבישה: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,f,sg
- נלכדה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- קריתים: NOUN,prop,f,pl,abs
- הבישה: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,f,sg
- המשגב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וחתה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:1-2 (verbal): An oracle against Moab that specifically names Nebo and other Moabite towns; shares place‑names and the lamentation/doom language found in Jer 48:1.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Pronounces divine judgment on Moab for transgression and describes devastation and humiliation of the nation—parallel theme of punishment and ruin.
- Zephaniah 2:8-11 (thematic): Foretells Moab’s shame and destruction alongside Ammon, emphasizing loss of strongholds and national dishonor similar to Jeremiah’s oracle.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Prophecy of vengeance against Moab (and its cities), declaring destruction as divine retribution—corresponds to Jeremiah’s announcement of towns taken and strongholds broken.
- Psalm 60:8-9 (allusion): Uses humiliating imagery of Moab as a washbasin (subordinate/humbled), echoing Jeremiah’s theme of Moab’s shame and subjugation in the exile/oracle.
Alternative generated candidates
- Concerning Moab. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Woe to Nebo! For it is laid waste; Kirioth has been captured; the stronghold is put to shame and destroyed.
- Concerning Moab. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Woe to Nebo; it is laid waste. Kirioth has been captured; Misgab is put to shame and the stronghold is destroyed.
Jer.48.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אין: PART,neg
- עוד: ADV
- תהלת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בחשבון: PREP
- חשבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- ונכריתנה: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- מגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גם: ADV
- מדמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תדמי: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אחריך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m
- תלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:1-9 (thematic): An extended oracle against Moab that, like Jer 48:2, depicts sudden devastation, flight, mourning, and the end of Moab’s former renown.
- Zephaniah 2:8-11 (verbal): Pronounces Yahweh’s judgment on Moab (and Ammon), using similar language of being cut off and despoiled; echoes the theme of loss of honor and destruction in Jer 48:2.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): A short prophetic pronouncement against Moab for transgressions, announcing punitive destruction—parallels Jeremiah’s motif of deserved calamity and annihilation.
- Jeremiah 48:6-7 (structural): Immediate context within the same chapter that continues the same oracle: calls to flee, warnings of being cut off, and details of Moab’s devastation that elaborate on v.2.
- Deuteronomy 2:9 (allusion): An earlier divine instruction regarding Moab’s territory (Do not harass or contend with them); serves as a theological contrast to the later prophetic judgment articulated in Jer 48:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- No more shall there be glory for Moab; in Heshbon they plotted evil against her: 'Come, let us cut them off as a nation, that there be no remnant of them.' The sword shall pursue after you.
- No more is the praise of Moab; her renown is ended. In Heshbon they devised evil against her: “Go, let us cut her off as a nation,”—yet the sword will pursue after you.
Jer.48.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צעקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מחרונים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושבר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:2 (verbal): Immediate context in the same oracle against Moab; nearby verses similarly announce a cry from Moab/Horonaim and describe devastation—close verbal and structural echo.
- Isaiah 15:5 (thematic): Prophecy against Moab that emphasizes mourning and a heart‑cry for the nation; parallels the motif of a communal lament and flight in face of destruction.
- Isaiah 13:6 (thematic): A call to howl because the day of the LORD brings great destruction; shares the language of a public cry/howl announcing overwhelming ruin.
- Lamentations 2:19 (thematic): An exhortation to rise and cry by night, pouring out lament for a ruined city; parallels the lamentatory voice and communal mourning over devastation.
Alternative generated candidates
- A cry from Horonaim — devastation and great ruin!
- A cry is heard from Horonaim: “Spoil! Destruction! Great breaking!”
Jer.48.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נשברה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- השמיעו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl
- זעקה: NOUN,f,sg,const
- צעיריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fs
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:1 (verbal): An oracle against Moab that opens with a cry from the heights of Moab; closely parallels Jeremiah’s announcement of Moab’s collapse and the call to cry aloud.
- Isaiah 16:11 (thematic): Continues the theme of Moabite lamentation and public mourning—like Jeremiah 48:4 it pictures widespread crying and the breakdown of Moab’s strength.
- Amos 2:1 (thematic): An explicit prophetic judgment oracle against Moab; shares the motif of divine punishment leading to Moab’s defeat and mourning among its people.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (allusion): Ezekiel’s pronouncement against Moab foretells desolation and humiliation similar to Jeremiah’s image of Moab ‘broken’ and its young men giving a cry.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moab is shattered; sound the alarm; let her young men cry aloud.
- Moab is shattered—sound the lament; let her young men give voice to the cry.
Jer.48.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- מעלה: VERB,qal,ptcp,m,sg
- הלוחית: NOUN,f,sg,def
- בבכי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- במורד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חורנים: NOUN,prop,pl,m,abs
- צרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צעקת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:3 (verbal): Same oracle against Moab; both verses mention cries related to Horonaim/Ar and use similar language of sudden outcry at destruction.
- Jeremiah 48:31-33 (thematic): Later lines in the Moab prophecy call for wailing and public lamentation—echoing the loud cries and shattered shouting of v.5.
- Isaiah 13:8 (thematic): Describes terror and a cry like a woman in travail at a city's fall—comparable imagery of convulsive, overwhelming cries at judgment.
- Jeremiah 4:19 (verbal): Uses intense, bodily lament language (“my bowels… I am pained”) akin to the anguished cries and mourning tone found in Jer 48:5.
- Lamentations 2:11 (verbal): Vivid physical expressions of grief (tears, disturbed bowels) parallel the visceral, heartrending cry and breaking-shout motif of Jer 48:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the spoiler goes up on the plateau with lamentation; on the heights of Horon the shriek of the destroyer is heard.
- For on the ascent of the Luhith the cry will be raised, a cry of anguish; on the slopes of Horonaim hear the sound of the breaking.
Jer.48.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מלטו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- נפשכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,m,pl
- ותהיינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- כערוער: PREP+PROPN,loc,sg,abs
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 19:4-5 (verbal): Elijah flees into the wilderness and sits under a juniper (broom) tree — similar image of fleeing and taking refuge by/under a desert shrub.
- Isaiah 16:1-3 (thematic): A call to receive fugitives and for the afflicted to find refuge; parallels Jeremiah’s summons to flee and seek safety amid judgment (both address Moabite distress/refuge).
- Matthew 24:16 (thematic): An instruction to flee to the hills when judgment comes; parallels the prophetic imperative in Jeremiah to escape impending disaster for survival.
Alternative generated candidates
- Flee, save your lives; be like the juniper in the wilderness.
- Flee, save your lives; be like the wild goats of the wilderness.
Jer.48.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- יען: CONJ
- בטחך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg
- במעשיך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,2,m,sg
- ובאוצרותיך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,2,m,sg
- גם: ADV
- את: PRT,acc
- תלכדי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
- ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כמוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prop
- בגולה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- כהניו: NOUN,m,pl,pronominal3ms
- ושריו: NOUN,m,pl,poss,3,m,sg
- יחדיו: ADV
Parallels
- Isaiah 46:1-2 (verbal): Isaiah depicts foreign gods (Bel and Nebo) being borne away on beasts and carts—an explicit prophetic motif of idols being carried off into exile, paralleling Chemosh's captivity with his priests and princes.
- Psalm 115:4-8 (thematic): The psalm ridicules idols made of silver and gold and observes that those who make and trust them become like them—connecting the themes of misplaced trust in works/treasures and the futility of idols found in Jer. 48:7.
- Habakkuk 2:18-19 (thematic): Habakkuk denounces idol-makers and worshippers and pronounces woe on those who trust lifeless images—a thematic parallel criticizing trust in man-made objects and their coming shame or reproach.
- 1 Samuel 4:10-11; 5:1-2 (structural): The capture of Israel's ark (and the ensuing defeat and divine reversal with the Philistine god Dagon) provides a narrative analogue: a deity's sanctuary or symbol is seized in defeat, echoing Chemosh's being taken into exile along with leaders.
Alternative generated candidates
- For because you trusted in your works and in your great treasures, you too shall be taken; Kemosh shall go forth into exile, with his priests and his princes together.
- Because you trusted in your deeds and in your treasures, even you shall be seized; Chemosh shall go out into exile, with his priests and his princes together.
Jer.48.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שדד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- כל: DET
- עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועיר: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,const
- לא: PART_NEG
- תמלט: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- ואבד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,conj-w
- העמק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ונשמד: CONJ+VERB,niphal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- המישר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:2 (verbal): Same oracle against Moab in immediate context: uses similar language of desolation of cities and the land (baldness/destruction) and reinforces that none will escape.
- Isaiah 16:3-4 (thematic): A lament for Moab that depicts flight, ruined towns, and devastated pastures/valleys—shares the theme of total destruction and displacement.
- Zephaniah 2:9-11 (thematic): Pronounces doom on Moab (shame, desolation, loss of status) and foretells its cities' ruin—parallels Jeremiah's judgmental imagery against Moab's land and people.
- Isaiah 13:20-22 (thematic): Describes a conquered city made utterly desolate and uninhabited (compare 'no city escapes' and ruined plains/valleys), employing similar language of total devastation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Desolation shall come upon every city, none shall escape; the lowland is laid waste and the plain destroyed — the word of the LORD.
- Plunder will come upon every city; none shall escape. The valley will perish, the lowland is destroyed—declares the LORD.
Jer.48.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- תנו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- ציץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למואב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- נצא: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
- תצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms
- ועריה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- לשמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תהיינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- מאין: ADV,interrog
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- בהן: PREP+PRON,3,f,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:4 (thematic): A poetic lament over Moab describing devastation, ruined pastures and fugitives; parallels Jeremiah's call to shout/wail and the note that Moab's cities are left uninhabited.
- Zephaniah 2:9 (thematic): Prophecy declaring Moab will become a perpetual desolation like Sodom and Gomorrah; echoes Jeremiah's theme of utter ruin and cities made desolate.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Oracles against Moab predicting judgment and exile by neighboring peoples; connects with Jeremiah's announcement of an invading destroyer and the loss of habitation.
- Jeremiah 48:6 (verbal): Within the same Moab oracle, Isaiah-like imagery of a fire 'going forth' from Heshbon; closely related language and motive of sudden devastation mentioned in 48:9.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sound the trumpet for Moab—she goes into exile; her cities shall be laid waste, and there will be no inhabitant in them.
- Raise up the lament for Moab—for she shall go into exile; her cities shall be made desolate, with no inhabitants therein.
Jer.48.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ארור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מלאכת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- רמיה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וארור: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- מנע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- חרבו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m
- מדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 23:30-32 (verbal): Condemns prophets who prophesy 'deceit' in the LORD's name—parallels Jeremiah 48:10's curse on doing the LORD's work deceitfully.
- Ezekiel 13:3-9 (thematic): Denounces false prophets who prophesy out of their own heart and bring deception—themewise parallel to the rebuke of deceitful service to God.
- Ezekiel 33:6 (thematic): Speaks of responsibility when a watchman fails to sound the alarm and blood is required at his hand—parallels the denunciation of 'withholding the sword from blood' (failure to execute justice).
- Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (structural): Defines criteria and curse for a false prophet who speaks presumptuously in God's name—provides legal/theological background to Jeremiah's curse on deceitful workers for the LORD.
- Micah 3:5-7 (thematic): Condemns prophets who lead the people astray with lies and auguries; thematically echoes Jeremiah's denunciation of deceitful prophetic activity.
Alternative generated candidates
- Cursed is the one who does the work of the LORD carelessly, and cursed is the one who withholds his sword from blood.
- Cursed is the one who does the work of the LORD deceitfully, and cursed is he who withholds his sword from blood.
Jer.48.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שאנן: ADJ,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מנעוריו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+suff3,m,sg
- ושקט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- שמריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+suff3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- הורק: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מכלי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- אל: NEG
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- ובגולה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- טעמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+suf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- וריחו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+suff3,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- נמר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Oracle against Moab—like Jer 48:11 it announces judgment on Moab despite its apparent security, linking national crimes with impending punishment.
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (thematic): Condemns pride and self-security as the cause of downfall (Edom in Obadiah; Moab in Jeremiah), highlighting the prophetic theme that complacency precedes judgment.
- Isaiah 47:8-11 (thematic): Addresses a proud, secure nation (Babylon) that trusts in its unshaken state; parallels Jeremiah’s depiction of Moab’s ease and the prophetic reversal of that security.
- Psalm 73:3-12, 18-20 (thematic): Describes the prosperity and apparent immunity of the wicked (their ease and unchanged ‘savour’) and then their sudden ruin—echoing the contrast between Moab’s security and the judgment announced in Jer 48:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moab has been at ease from his youth, settled on his lees; he has not been emptied from vessel to vessel, nor gone into exile—therefore his taste remains in him and his scent is not changed.
- Moab has been complacent from his youth; he dwelt secure in his cellars, was not emptied from vessel to vessel, nor was he led into exile. Therefore his savour remained in him and his fragrance was not changed.
Jer.48.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- הנה: PART
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- באים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ושלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- צעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וצעהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וכליו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- יריקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ונבליהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- ינפצו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 46:9 (verbal): God as the agent who breaks weapons — "he breaketh the bow" — echoes the image of instruments/bows being broken and defeat brought by the LORD's action.
- Isaiah 13:17 (thematic): God announces he will stir up a foreign people to execute judgment (the Medes); parallels Jeremiah's formula of impending days when God sends an instrument of punishment.
- Jeremiah 25:9 (verbal): Both passages use the language of God sending a conqueror/nation to punish the peoples — a direct verbal/thematic parallel in Jeremiah's oracle tradition.
- Joel 2:1,11 (thematic): The imagery of an overwhelming invading force in the 'day of the LORD' that brings terror, flight and devastation parallels Jeremiah's announcement of coming days and sent destruction.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore behold, days are coming —declares the LORD— when I will send against him a sounder and destroyers; they shall empty his vessels and shatter his jars.
- Therefore behold, days are coming—declares the LORD—when I will send against him raiders who shall plunder him; his officers shall be routed and their bows broken.
Jer.48.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובש: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מכמוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- בשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- מבטחם: PREP
Parallels
- 1 Kings 11:7 (allusion): Solomon built a high place for Chemosh, showing Israel's accommodation of Moabite deity (Chemosh)—parallels Jeremiah's linking of Moab/Chemosh with Israel's religious misplaced confidence.
- 2 Kings 3:27 (thematic): The king of Moab sacrifices his son to Chemosh in desperation—illustrates Moab's dependence on Chemosh, echoing Jeremiah's contrast of Moab's trust in its god.
- Hosea 4:15 (verbal): Condemns going up to 'Beth‑aven' (Bethel) as a center of apostasy—parallels Jeremiah's critique of Israel's confidence in Bethel contrasted with Moab's confidence in Chemosh.
- Amos 5:5 (thematic): Warns that Bethel will be brought low and not to seek it—connects with Jeremiah's theme that reliance on cultic centers (Bethel/Chemosh) leads to shame and downfall.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moab shall be ashamed because of Chemosh, as the house of Israel was ashamed because of Bethel their confidence.
- Moab shall be ashamed because of Chemosh, as the house of Israel was ashamed because of Bethel, their confidence.
Jer.48.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- איך: ADV
- תאמרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- גבורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
- ואנשי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:11-12 (thematic): Speaks of the loftiness of man being humbled by the LORD; like Jer. 48:14 it condemns human pride and confidence in worldly strength (including military might).
- Isaiah 31:1 (thematic): Denounces reliance on Egypt and horses for help—parallels Jeremiah’s challenge to those who boast in their warrior strength instead of trusting God.
- Psalm 20:7 (verbal): “Some trust in chariots, and some in horses...” Contrasts trust in military resources/warriors with trust in the name of the LORD, echoing the critique of boasting fighters in Jer. 48:14.
- Proverbs 21:31 (thematic): “The horse is prepared for the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD.” Highlights the futility of relying on martial ability—theme parallel to the rebuke of bold claims to warrior strength in Jer. 48:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- How can you say, 'We are mighty and valiant for war'?
- How can you say, “We are mighty, men of valor for the war”?
Jer.48.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שדד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ועריה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,suf
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ומבחר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בחוריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- ירדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לטבח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:4-5 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Moab likewise pictures disaster and the fall of Moab's people and youth—death, desolation, and the removal of the strong—paralleling Jeremiah's announcement of slaughter and captivity.
- Jeremiah 48:26 (verbal): Another verse from the same Moab oracle that uses very similar language (abundance, pride, tearing down) and the formula 'says the LORD,' reinforcing the theme of divine judgment on Moab.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel proclaims doom on Moab (and Seir) with images of slaughter, spoil, and loss of honor—closely parallel in theme to Jeremiah's pronouncement of nobles slain and people carried away.
- Zephaniah 2:9-11 (thematic): Zephaniah predicts Moab's ruin and reproach because of pride, likening Moab's fate to Sodom and describing loss of dignity—echoing Jeremiah's judgment language and emphasis on Moab's downfall.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Amos indicts Moab for transgressions and announces punitive destruction ('I will send a fire upon Moab'), echoing the prophetic pattern of catastrophic punishment and national humiliation found in Jeremiah 48:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moab is plundered, her towns taken; their young men go down to the slaughter —declares the LORD, whose name is the LORD of hosts.
- Despoil Moab and go up against her cities; every one be cut off and go down to the slaughter—declares the King, the LORD of hosts.
Jer.48.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- קרוב: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- איד: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- ורעתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs,3,m
- מהרה: ADV
- מאד: ADV
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:1 (structural): Opens the same oracle against Moab; frames the book’s announcement of Moab’s impending destruction and provides immediate contextual parallel to the statement that Moab’s disaster is near.
- Isaiah 15:1-2 (thematic): An oracle mourning Moab’s ruin; shares the theme of sudden calamity and national collapse—Moab’s swift downfall and lamentation echo Jeremiah’s warning that disaster is near.
- Isaiah 13:6-9 (verbal): Calls for lament because ‘the day’ is near and portrays sudden, overwhelming judgment; parallels Jeremiah’s language of imminence and rapid coming of evil/calamity.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Prophecy pronouncing divine judgment on Moab (alongside other nations); parallels Jeremiah’s theme of retributive punishment coming swiftly on Moab for its offenses.
- Zephaniah 1:14-18 (verbal): Declares the day of the LORD as ‘near’ and emphasizes the suddenness and inescapability of judgment—echoing Jeremiah’s stress that Moab’s ruin is close and will come quickly.
Alternative generated candidates
- The disaster of Moab is near at hand, and his calamity hastens swiftly.
- The calamity of Moab is near to come, his doom hastes quickly.
Jer.48.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נדו: VERB,nifal,perf,3,m,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- כל: DET
- סביביו: NOUN,m,pl,pr_3ms
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- ידעי: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,pl,abs
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- איכה: INTJ
- נשבר: VERB,nifal,perf,3,m,sg
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מקל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תפארה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:5-9 (thematic): A neighboring oracle mourning Moab’s devastation; similar language of terror, lament and the end of Moab’s strength and pride.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Pronounces God’s judgment on Moab for pride and cruelty—connects to Jeremiah’s picture of Moab’s fall and the reaction of surrounding peoples.
- Zechariah 11:10-11 (verbal): The prophet takes and breaks a staff as a symbolic end to leadership and covenantal protection—the broken rod/staff motif parallels Jeremiah’s image of a once‑mighty staff/rod broken.
- Ezekiel 21:26-27 (thematic): God’s removal of the crown and stripping of authority (the end of a ruler’s power) echoes Jeremiah’s theme of a formerly glorious rod/staff being broken and leaders shamed.
Alternative generated candidates
- All his neighbors are appalled; all who know his name say, 'How is the strong scepter broken, the staff of glory!'
- All his strongholds are plundered, and all his trusted men are driven away, and those who bore his name have gone forth—How is the rod of the mighty broken, the scepter of his glory!
Jer.48.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- רדי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- מכבוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושבי: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- בצמא: PREP+ADJ,m,sg
- ישבת: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- דיבון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שדד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- שחת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מבצריך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:1-9 (thematic): A Moabite lament describing widespread ruin of towns and mourning; parallels Jeremiah 48:18 in theme of Moab’s devastation and communal lament (cities laid waste, people mourning).
- Isaiah 16:6-7 (thematic): Appeals for refuge and preservation of Moab’s remnant amid desolation; resonates with Jeremiah’s image of displacement, thirst, and the ruined condition of Dibon and other Moabite towns.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Pronounces God’s judgment on Moab—destruction and loss (palaces devoured, people taken); parallels Jeremiah’s announcement of Moab’s spoil and depopulation.
- Zephaniah 2:8-11 (thematic): Predicts shame, plundering and humiliation of Moab and the exaltation of Israel’s foes; connects with Jeremiah’s depiction of Moab’s disgrace and ruined prestige.
- Jeremiah 48:1 (structural): The heading/oracle against Moab that frames the whole chapter; 48:18 is part of this extended prophecy and repeats its motifs of siege, spoil, and communal lament.
Alternative generated candidates
- Put off your glory, and sit in thirst, O inhabitant daughter of Dibon; for a spoiler has come up on Moab, devastation from the midst of the land.
- Strip yourself of glory and sit in thirst, O inhabitant of Dibon, for a spoiler has come up over Moab; devastation from the high places has come.
Jer.48.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אל: NEG
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עמדי: PREP+1cs
- וצפי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יושבת: VERB,qal,ptc,.,f,sg
- ערוער: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- שאלי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- נס: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- ונמלטה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- אמרי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- מה: PRON,int
- נהיתה: VERB,nip,perf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:2 (verbal): Uses the image of lifting up a banner/standard before an attack ("Lift up a banner on the bare hill"), which parallels Jeremiah's phrase about asking/raising a standard (שאלי־נס) as the enemy approaches.
- Zephaniah 2:8-11 (thematic): Direct prophetic condemnation of Moab (humiliation, loss of status, desolation); thematically parallels Jeremiah's oracle against Moab and the depiction of flight, ruin, and public shame.
- Jeremiah 48:41 (structural): A neighboring verse in the same oracle against Moab that likewise pictures panic, cries, and flight—an internal parallel that repeats the motif of towns calling out and fleeing before destruction.
- Amos 2:1 (thematic): Amos' pronouncement of judgment on Moab (punishment and destruction for past sins) echoes the theme of prophetic denunciation and impending disaster found in Jeremiah's prophecy against Moab.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not stand in the highways, O wanderer; you who dwell in Aroer, ask for a sign and flee; for your dwellers are taken away—tell it, 'What has happened?'
- Do not stand in the road, O inhabitant of Aroer; prepare flight, you who dwell in Arnon. The fugitives have fled and cried, “What has happened?”
Jer.48.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הביש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- כי: CONJ
- חתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הילילו: VERB,piel,imp,2,m,pl
- וזעקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- הגידו: VERB,hiph,impv,2,m,pl
- בארנון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שדד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:4-6 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Moab depicts widespread lamentation, fugitives and cries, and mentions waters/places around Moab (Nimrim/Arnon region) — closely parallel in theme and imagery to Jeremiah's description of Moab's shame and cries to/around Arnon.
- Zephaniah 2:8-11 (thematic): Zephaniah pronounces God’s judgment on Moab (and Ammon), declaring Moab will be laid low and ashamed — a later prophetic echo of the same theme of humiliation and desolation found in Jeremiah 48:20.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Amos announces divine punishment on Moab for violence and profaning Edom's king, emphasizing retributive judgment that results in Moab’s downfall — thematically linked to Jeremiah’s proclamation of Moab’s defeat and shame.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel condemns Moab for its attitude toward Judah and foretells its destruction and spoil; like Jeremiah 48:20 it presents Moab as the object of Yahweh’s punitive action and resulting public disgrace.
- Numbers 21:14 (structural): An earlier, non-oracular reference to the brook/region of Arnon in Israelite tradition (the 'Book of the Wars' citation). Serves as a geographic/structural anchor for Jeremiah’s mention of Arnon and the rout/desolation of Moab in that territory.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moab is ashamed because he is cut off; cry out and wail; tell it in Arnon, 'Moab is laid waste!'
- Moab is ashamed—let them howl! Cry aloud; proclaim it by the Arnon: “Moab is ruined!”
Jer.48.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ומשפט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- המישר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אל: NEG
- חלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- יהצה: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מיפעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:20 (structural): Immediate context in the same oracle against Moab: pronounces woe/judgment on Moab and prepares the list of towns that follow, of which v.21 is a part.
- Isaiah 15:4 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Moab similarly enumerates Moabite towns and predicts their devastation; parallels the theme of nationwide destruction and the naming of local towns.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel's prophecy condemns Moab and announces punishment for its hostility toward Israel—another prophetic announcement of Moab's overthrow that echoes Jeremiah's judgment motif.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Amos pronounces judgment on Moab for specific transgressions (desecration of Edom's king's bones); shares the prophetic pattern of listing Moab among nations to be punished.
Alternative generated candidates
- Judgment has come upon the plain country, upon Holon and upon Jahzah and upon Mephaath.
- Judgment has come upon the land of the plain—upon Holon, upon Jahaz, and upon Mephaath.
Jer.48.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- דיבון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- נבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דבלתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:2-3 (verbal): Isaiah 15 (oracle against Moab) names and mourns many of the same Moabite towns (e.g., Dibon, Nebo, Medeba), echoing Jeremiah's listing of Moabite settlements and their coming destruction.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Amos pronounces divine judgment on Moab for its crimes, thematically parallel to Jeremiah's oracle of doom against Moab and its towns.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel announces punishment on Moab (and neighboring nations) for its attitude toward Judah—another prophetic denunciation of Moab comparable to Jeremiah's pronouncement.
- 2 Kings 3:4-27 (structural): Historical account of Israel, Judah, and Edom opposing Moab under King Mesha; provides historical background for Moab's conflicts and suffering that the prophetic oracles (including Jeremiah 48) assume.
Alternative generated candidates
- And upon Dibon and upon Nebo and upon Beth-diblathaim.
- And upon Dibon and upon Nebo and upon Beth-diblathaim.
Jer.48.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- קריתים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גמול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Amos 2:2 (verbal): Specifically names Kerioth/Kirioth in an oracle against Moab—like Jer 48:23, Amos declares judgment on that city (fire on its palaces).
- Isaiah 15:1-9 (thematic): Isaiah's long oracle against Moab lists Moabite towns (Kir/Kerioth, Heshbon, etc.) and describes devastation—parallel in theme and overlapping place-names with Jer 48.
- Zephaniah 2:8-9 (thematic): Pronounces judgment on Moab (and its strongholds such as Heshbon), echoing Jeremiah’s prophetic condemnation of Moabite towns.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Oracle against Moab for rejoicing over Israel’s fall; announces punishment on Moabite cities—themewise parallel to Jeremiah’s denunciation of specific Moabite towns.
Alternative generated candidates
- And upon Kirioth and upon Beth-gamul and upon Beth-meon.
- And upon Kirioth and upon Beth-gamul and upon Beth-meon.
Jer.48.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- קריות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בצרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הרחקות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- והקרבות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:25 (structural): Continuing the same oracle against Moab, this verse lists additional Moabite cities (Kir‑hareseth, Nebo, Medeba) and functions as an internal parallel within Jeremiah’s catalogue of targeted towns.
- Isaiah 15:2–5 (thematic): Isaiah’s lament against Moab similarly names Moabite towns (e.g., Ar, Kir‑hareseth, Dibon, Nebo) and depicts devastation across the land, paralleling Jeremiah’s sweep of cities “far and near.”
- Amos 2:1–3 (thematic): Amos pronounces divine judgment on Moab for their crimes; although not a city list, it is a closely related prophetic denunciation of the nation of Moab and its towns.
- Ezekiel 25:8–11 (thematic): Ezekiel announces punishment upon Moab (and other neighbors), echoing the prophetic theme of siege and destruction directed against Moabite territory and its settlements.
Alternative generated candidates
- And upon the cities of the land of Moab, near and far, the towns that are along the border.
- And upon the cities of the Arnon and upon Beser and all the towns of the land of Moab, far and near.
Jer.48.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נגדעה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- קרן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וזרעו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+prsuf:3,m,sg
- נשברה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 75:10 (verbal): Uses the same horn-imagery: God 'cuts off the horns' of the wicked—parallel verbal motif of removing a nation's strength.
- Amos 2:1-3 (thematic): Oracle of judgment against Moab—like Jer. 48:25 this passage pronounces destruction and loss of power for Moab.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel's pronouncement against Moab (and Ammon/Seir) announces divine punishment and humiliation of the nation, paralleling Jeremiah's condemnation of Moab's strength.
- Zechariah 1:18-21 (structural): Depicts 'horns' as symbols of nations' power that are scattered/checked by God; structurally parallels Jeremiah's use of the horn motif to signify broken national strength.
- Isaiah 15:1 (thematic): Opening of Isaiah's 'burden of Moab'—an oracle announcing Moab's downfall and desolation, thematically aligned with Jeremiah's declaration that Moab's power (horn) is cut off.
Alternative generated candidates
- The horn of Moab is cut off and his arm broken —declares the LORD.
- Moab’s horn shall be cut off and his arm broken—declares the LORD.
Jer.48.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- השכירהו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- על: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הגדיל: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
- וספק: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בקיאו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לשחק: VERB,qal,inf
- גם: ADV
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:1 (thematic): Both are oracles against Moab announcing the coming devastation of the nation and its cities — the same theme of Moab’s overthrow and desolation.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel pronounces Yahweh’s judgment specifically on Moab and its spoil; parallels Jeremiah’s proclamation that God will humble and despoil Moab.
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (thematic): Both texts link national pride/arrogance with imminent ruin—God brings low the proud nation (Obadiah against Edom parallels the theme of Moab’s humiliation).
- Isaiah 2:12-17 (thematic): General prophetic motif: the LORD will humble the arrogant and high places will be brought low. Jeremiah’s depiction of Moab’s exaltation and subsequent humiliation fits this wider prophetic theme.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will make him a laughingstock, for he magnified himself against the LORD; Moab shall be ashamed, and it shall become a reproach.
- Make him drunk, for he magnified himself against the LORD; Moab shall be laid low and become a reproach—yes, a byword among the nations.
Jer.48.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- לוא: NEG
- השחק: NOUN,m,sg,def
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- בגנבים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נמצא: VERB,nip,perf,3,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- מדי: PREP
- דבריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- תתנודד: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 1 Samuel 2:2 (verbal): Uses the same 'rock' language of God as refuge/unique protector ('there is none holy... neither is there any rock like our God'), paralleling Jeremiah's invocation of a 'rock' that preserves Israel.
- Psalm 18:2 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD as 'my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer'—the motif of God as a saving refuge echoes Jeremiah's claim that but for the rock Israel would have been lost.
- Deuteronomy 32:31 (structural): Contrasts the 'rock' of Israel with other 'rocks' and their failure; like Jeremiah, Deuteronomy frames security (or its absence) in terms of whose 'rock' one relies on.
- Proverbs 1:31 (thematic): Declares people will 'eat the fruit of their own way'—paralleling Jeremiah's idea that Israel's own deeds/words bring destabilization and judgment ('by your acts/words you will be shaken').
Alternative generated candidates
- Was not Israel a mockery to you? Was he found among thieves? Yet you gloated over him—therefore your day has come.
- If Israel had not been a byword and been found among the nations, would you then have been exalted? Because of all your deeds you shall stagger.
Jer.48.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- עזבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ושכנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בסלע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כיונה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תקנן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בעברי: PREP
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- פחת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:6 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same oracle: Moabites are told to 'dwell in the rocks' and compared to a dove—very close verbal and thematic overlap with 48:28.
- Isaiah 2:19 (thematic): People hide 'in the holes of the rocks' and 'in the dust' from the terror of the LORD—similar motif of fleeing to rock-refuges in the face of disaster.
- Isaiah 15:5-6 (thematic): An oracle against Moab describing fugitives, flight, and lamentation as Moab's people are driven from their homes—parallels the abandonment of cities and distress in Jeremiah 48:28.
- Hosea 7:11 (verbal): Uses the image of a 'silly dove' to portray helplessness and flight—echoes the dove-simile used for Moab's inhabitants in Jeremiah 48:28.
- Psalm 55:6 (thematic): The psalmist longs to 'fly away' like a dove to escape trouble—shares the dove-as-refuge/fleeing imagery found in Jeremiah 48:28.
Alternative generated candidates
- Flee to the rocks and hide in the clefts, O inhabitants of Moab; be like a dove that makes a nest at the mouth of its cave.
- Abandon the cities and dwell in the rocks, you inhabitants of Moab; be like the dove that nests on the clefts of the ravine.
Jer.48.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- גאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- גאה: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מאד: ADV
- גבהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וגאונו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- וגאותו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,suff3ms
- ורם: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- לבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:26 (structural): Immediate context in the same oracle against Moab that introduces and addresses Moab’s strength and pride—part of the same denunciation of Moab’s arrogance and impending judgment.
- Jeremiah 48:42 (thematic): Concludes the Moab oracle with Moab’s shame and humiliation, thematically closing the prophecy begun in v.29 against Moab’s pride and lofty heart.
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (thematic): Condemns national pride and boasts (’the pride of your heart’), declaring that haughtiness will lead to humiliation—parallels Jeremiah’s focus on Moab’s arrogance and fall.
- Isaiah 2:11 (thematic): Speaks of the haughty looks and lofty pride of people being brought low—echoes the prophetic theme that arrogance and high-mindedness will be humbled, as in Jeremiah’s indictment of Moab.
Alternative generated candidates
- We have heard of the pride of Moab—how he exalts himself, how proud is his heart, and how lofty his pride!
- We have heard the pride of Moab: how very proud he is! His loftiness, his pride, his scorn, and the haughtiness of his heart.
Jer.48.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עברתו: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ולא: CONJ
- כן: ADV
- בדיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON:3ms
- לא: PART_NEG
- כן: ADV
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 48:29 (structural): Immediate context in the same oracle against Moab; continues the theme of Moabite pride and God's denunciation—links directly to the statement 'I know his pride'.
- Obadiah 1:3 (verbal): Declares that the pride of Edom has deceived them—verbal/thematic parallel about national pride leading to downfall and God's awareness/judgment.
- Proverbs 16:18 (thematic): 'Pride goes before destruction'—a general wisdom principle that echoes Jeremiah's assertion that proud boastfulness will not stand.
- Isaiah 10:12–15 (allusion): God's judgment on the arrogant imperial power (Assyria) who boasts in its strength—parallels the motif that prideful claims will be overturned by divine judgment ('it shall not be so').
- Zephaniah 2:8–11 (thematic): Prophetic oracle condemning Moab's arrogance and predicting humiliation and desolation—the same target (Moab) and theme of proud nation brought low by the Lord.
Alternative generated candidates
- I know his insolence —declares the LORD— but it shall not be so; his end shall come, and his boast shall vanish.
- I know his insolence—declares the LORD—yet it shall not be so; his boast is false and his deeds will not stand.
Jer.48.31 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- על: PREP
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- איליל: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ולמואב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלה: ADV
- אזעק: VERB,qal,impf,1,-,sg
- אל: NEG
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- קיר: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- חרש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהגה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 16:11 (verbal): Explicit lament over Moab: 'My heart cries out for Moab'—a direct verbal and emotional parallel to Jeremiah's picture of Moab's cry and wailing reaching its towns.
- Isaiah 15:5-9 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle of Moab depicts widespread mourning and desolation across Moabite towns and pastures, echoing Jeremiah's imagery of nationwide lament and ruined vineyards/fields.
- Zephaniah 2:8-11 (thematic): Zephaniah pronounces shame and destruction upon Moab and its cities, a parallel theme of prophetic judgment that yields public lament and loss of standing similar to Jeremiah's account.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel's oracle against Moab (and the Ammonites) announces wrath and humiliation by other nations—comparable in theme to Jeremiah's depiction of Moabite outcry and catastrophe.
- Jeremiah 48:36 (structural): Another verse within the same chapter also links Moab's lament with specific towns (Kir‑heres/Kerioth) and emphasizes the communal mourning motif present in 48:31, showing the chapter's sustained focus on Moabite wailing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore I will wail for Moab; I will cry out for all Moab; I will cry to the men of Kir-hareseth: 'How my heart aches for Moab and for her fugitives!'
- Therefore on Moab there shall be an outcry; all Moab shall be utterly cut off. Call out and wail, O men of Kir-heres.
Jer.48.32 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- מבכי: PREP
- יעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אבכה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- הגפן: NOUN,f,sg,def
- שבמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נטישתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- עברו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- עד: PREP
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- יעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- נגעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- קיצך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,c,sg
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בצירך: PREP
- שדד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נפל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 5:1-7 (thematic): The 'song of the vineyard' uses the vineyard as a symbol for a people given care but producing failure, leading to judgment — parallel thematic use of vine imagery to portray destruction and divine displeasure.
- Psalm 80:8-16 (verbal): Psalm 80 also speaks of God bringing a vine out of Egypt, its branches spreading and then being broken/withering; shares vocabulary and the motif of a ruined vine needing lament.
- Hosea 10:1 (thematic): Hosea describes Israel as a luxuriant vine whose growth leads to idolatry and impending ruin; parallels the theme of a once-prosperous vine now subject to judgment.
- Jeremiah 2:21 (allusion): Earlier in Jeremiah God calls Israel a 'choice vine' he planted that became degenerate; 48:32 echoes this planted-vine motif to depict a people's reversal from blessing to devastation.
Alternative generated candidates
- With weeping I will mourn for you, O vine of Sibmah; your branches stretched out to the sea, to the Sea of Jazer; the harvest and the vintage have failed.
- I will weep for you with a bitter lamentation; I will wail for the vine of Sibmah—your branches spread even to the sea and to the river. On your summer fruit and on your vintage the despoiler has fallen.
Jer.48.33 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונאספה: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- שמחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וגיל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מכרמל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומארץ: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ויין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מיקבים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- השבתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידרך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הידד: INTERJ
- הידד: INTERJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- הידד: INTERJ
Parallels
- Isaiah 16:10 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language about joy and gladness being taken away from the fruitful field and silence in the vineyards — a parallel lament over Moab.
- Isaiah 24:7-8 (thematic): Depicts the desolation of wine and the ending of music and mirth (’the mirth of tambourines ceases’), echoing Jeremiah’s image of vineyards silenced and no more rejoicing.
- Joel 1:10-12 (thematic): Laments ruined fields and dried-up vineyards with the consequent cessation of rejoicing and song — a similar motif of agricultural disaster ending communal celebration.
- Isaiah 63:3 (allusion): Employs the winepress as an image of divine judgment; Jeremiah’s reference to winepresses and the end of treading resonates with this motif of the LORD’s vengeance.
Alternative generated candidates
- Shouts of gladness and rejoicing shall be gathered from Carmel and from the land of Moab; I will restore the wine of the vintagers, but they shall not shout aloud in triumph.
- Joy and gladness are taken away from the tillage of Carmel and from the land of Moab; I will shut up your wine-cells—no more shouting, “Hurray!” No—there shall be no more shouting.
Jer.48.34 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- מזעקת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- חשבון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- אלעלה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- יהץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- קולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- מצער: ADJ,f,sg
- עד: PREP
- חרנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עגלת: NOUN,f,sg,constr
- שלשיה: NUM,card,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- גם: ADV
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- נמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- למשמות: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:2-6 (verbal): Isaiah's oracle on Moab lists the same towns and images of devastation (including Heshbon/Elealeh/Horonaim and the waters of Nimrim), closely paralleling Jeremiah's language of outcry and desolation.
- Numbers 21:21-26 (structural): Narrates Israel's earlier encounters with Sihon at Heshbon and Jahaz; provides the historical backdrop for the place-names Jeremiah invokes (Heshbon, Jahaz) and helps explain their role in Moab's geography and memory.
- Jeremiah 48:30-33 (verbal): Immediate context within the same oracle repeats and develops the catalogue of Moabite towns (Heshbon, Elealeh, Jahaz, Horonaim) and the theme of lament and desolation, forming a direct internal parallel to v.34.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel's pronouncement against Moab shares the theme of divine judgment and desolation of Moabite cities and populations, thematically resonant with Jeremiah's cry over Heshbon, Jahaz and the waters of Nimrim.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the cry at Heshbon to Elealeh and to Jahaz they have uttered their voice of anguish to Horonaim — the sound of a threefold chariot; for even the waters of Nimrim shall be dried up.
- From the cry at Heshbon to Elealeh and Jahaz they lift up their voice; their shrieks are heard even to the waters of Nimrim—like the wheels of a three-beaked chariot; even the waters are made desolate.
Jer.48.35 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והשבתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,com,sg
- למואב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מעלה: VERB,qal,ptcp,m,sg
- במה: PREP+PRON,interr
- ומקטיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- לאלהיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,sfx3ms
Parallels
- 1 Kings 12:28-30 (verbal): Jeroboam sets up high places and appoints priests so that people may burn incense to calves — language and practice (high places, burning/incense for other gods) echo the imagery of returning Moab to its high places and incense.
- Ezekiel 20:28 (verbal): Speaks of the people going to the high places to burn incense; shares the same concrete ritual vocabulary (high places, burning incense) as Jeremiah 48:35.
- Hosea 4:17 (thematic): ’Ephraim is joined to idols; let him alone’ — theme of God abandoning a people to their idolatry, comparable to the divine act of ‘returning’ Moab to its altars/gods.
- Romans 1:24-25 (allusion): Paul’s depiction of God ‘giving them up’ to futility and idolatry as divine judgment parallels Jeremiah’s motif of God allowing/returning a nation to its worship of other gods.
Alternative generated candidates
- And I will bring back Moab —declares the LORD— to be a place for the offering and a perfumed shrine to her gods.
- And I will turn back the fortunes of Moab—declares the LORD— I will deal with the altars and the incense made to their gods.
Jer.48.36 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- לבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
- למואב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- כחללים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהמה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ולבי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
- אל: NEG
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- קיר: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- חרש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כחלילים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהמה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- יתרת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אבדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 16:11 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language of a prophetic lament—'my heart cries out for Moab'—expressing pity and emotional mourning for Moab's plight (direct verbal/thematic echo).
- Isaiah 15:11 (thematic): An extended oracle mourning Moab's devastation; like Jer 48:36 it pictures flight, loss, and a prophet's lament over Moab's destruction (thematic parallel).
- Amos 2:1–3 (structural): A pronouncement of judgment on Moab describing its defeat and humiliation; parallels Jeremiah's theme of Moab's ruin and loss of remnant/wealth (structural/thematic connection).
- Ezekiel 25:8–11 (thematic): Ezekiel's oracle against Moab foretells retribution and desolation ('I will give Moab into the hands…'), resonating with Jeremiah's declaration that Moab's remainder/perishable goods are destroyed.
- Zephaniah 2:8–11 (thematic): Condemns Moab (and Ammon) for pride and idolatry and predicts shame and loss; thematically parallels Jeremiah's lament over Moab's downfall and loss of secure standing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore my heart laments for Moab like the strings of a lyre, and my heart laments for the men of Kir-hareseth like the pipes; for the riches which they had gained are perished.
- Therefore my heart laments for Moab like pipes; my inner being for the men of Kir-heres like the flute; for Moab’s remnant is destroyed.
Jer.48.37 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כל: DET
- ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- זקן: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- גרעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- ידים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- גדדת: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- מתנים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- שק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 22:12-13 (verbal): Uses the same paired imagery — calling to weeping, mourning, baldness and girding with sackcloth — linking public lamentation and humiliation to baldness and sackcloth.
- Isaiah 3:24 (thematic): Describes reversal of honor where well‑set hair becomes baldness and fine robes are replaced by sackcloth, echoing the motifs of shaving and sackcloth as signs of disgrace and mourning.
- Micah 1:16 (verbal): Commands making oneself bald and shaving in bitter lamentation for loss — the same ritualized self‑mutilation/mourning expressed in Jeremiah’s depiction of Moab’s humiliation.
- Leviticus 21:5 (verbal): Uses the same language about making baldness and shaving the beard (here as a priestly prohibition), showing the cultural practice and significance of shaving/baldness as a marked act with social and religious meaning.
Alternative generated candidates
- For every head is bald and every beard shorn; on all the hands there is sackcloth and on the loins a lamentation.
- For every head is shaven and every beard cut off; on all hands is sackcloth and around the loins a girdle.
Jer.48.38 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- גגות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וברחבתיה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,f,sg
- כלה: ADV
- מספד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,common,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ככלי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אין: PART,neg
- חפץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 19:10-11 (verbal): Uses the same potter's‑vessel imagery — God will break the people/land like a vessel that cannot be repaired, signaling irreversible destruction.
- Isaiah 15:4-9 (thematic): Isaiah's oracle against Moab describes widespread mourning and desolation across its cities and high places, paralleling Jeremiah's motif of lamentation over Moab.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel pronounces divine judgment on Moab (destruction and loss) for rejoicing over Judah's fall; similar theme of God's punitive devastation of Moab.
- Zephaniah 2:9 (thematic): Predicts Moab's humiliation and reduction to a wasteland (likened to Sodom/Gomorrah), echoing Jeremiah's depiction of total ruin and reproach.
Alternative generated candidates
- In every house of Moab and in all her streets there shall be lamentation; for I have broken Moab like a vessel that has no pleasure in it —declares the LORD.
- On all the housetops of Moab and in all her streets there is lamentation; for I have broken Moab like a vessel in which is no delight—declares the LORD.
Jer.48.39 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- איך: ADV
- חתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הילילו: VERB,piel,imp,2,m,pl
- איך: ADV
- הפנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ערף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בוש: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לשחק: VERB,qal,inf
- ולמחתה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לכל: PREP
- סביביו: NOUN,m,pl,pr_3ms
Parallels
- Isaiah 15:4-5 (thematic): A dirge over Moab—images of lament, fugitives and crying that echo Jeremiah’s cry of capture and howling.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Oracle of judgment against Moab describing divine attack, spoil and shame—parallels Jeremiah’s depiction of Moab’s humiliation and defeat.
- Jeremiah 48:26 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same oracle: Moab’s shame (including shame before its god Chemosh) echoes the language of disgrace and derision in v.39.
- Jeremiah 48:37 (structural): Same chapter’s account of cities cut off and Moab becoming a derision to surrounding peoples, reinforcing the theme of capture and humiliation in v.39.
Alternative generated candidates
- How it is shattered! How they howl! How is Moab turned back and ashamed! He has become a derision and a taunt to all about him.
- How the cry is gone forth! how the howling! Moab is ashamed and turned away; Moab is a derision and a byword to all who surround him.
Jer.48.40 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנה: PART
- כנשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידאה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ופרש: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כנפיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 32:11 (verbal): Uses the image of an eagle spreading its wings (God as an eagle that stirs up its nest and spreads its wings) — similar verbal motif of an eagle's wings to describe swift, decisive action.
- Deuteronomy 28:49 (verbal): Speaks of an enemy coming 'like an eagle that swoops down' from afar — a parallel simile portraying invading forces as a swift predatory bird, comparable to the eagle imagery against Moab.
- Ezekiel 17:3-7 (allusion): Parable of a great eagle with long wings that plucks up a cedar and carries it away — prophetic use of an eagle to represent imperial power and removal/judgment, analogous to Jeremiah’s eagle against Moab.
- Isaiah 18:1-2 (thematic): Describes a land 'beyond the rivers of Cush' with 'whirring wings' and a sudden foreign arrival — shares the thematic motif of wings/avian imagery to depict foreign intervention or striking arrival.
- Revelation 12:14 (thematic): The woman is given 'two wings of a great eagle' to be carried into the wilderness — later biblical use of an eagle’s wings as means of rapid movement/rescue (and more broadly as a powerful symbolic role), echoing the winged imagery in Jeremiah 48:40.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD: 'Behold, an eagle shall fly and spread his wings over Moab.
- For thus says the LORD: Behold, one shall fly as an eagle and spread his wings against Moab.
Jer.48.41 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נלכדה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- הקריות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- והמצדות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,def
- נתפשה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבורי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- כלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מצרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 4:31 (verbal): Same prophet uses the image of a woman's cry/anguish in childbirth to portray national terror and collapse—close verbal and thematic parallel.
- Isaiah 21:3 (verbal): Isaiah speaks of being 'filled with trembling; pangs have taken hold upon me, as a woman in travail,' using the same labor‑pangs simile for fear and distress.
- Micah 4:10 (verbal): Calls Zion to 'be in pain and labor to bring forth, like a woman in travail,' employing the childbirth metaphor for communal suffering and defeat.
- Matthew 24:8 (thematic): Jesus describes coming tribulations as 'the beginning of birth‑pangs,' using the labor‑pains motif to depict fear, upheaval, and impending judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Cities are taken and strongholds seized; then the heart of the mighty men of Moab on that day shall be like the heart of a woman in travail.'
- Cities are taken and strongholds seized; then the heart of the mighty men of Moab on that day shall be like the heart of a woman in travail.
Jer.48.42 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונשמד: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מעם: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- על: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הגדיל: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 16:6 (verbal): Isaiah condemns the pride and haughtiness of Moab (their 'pride' and 'loftiness'), linking Moab's arrogance with coming judgment—paralleling Jeremiah's charge that Moab 'magnified himself' against the LORD.
- Amos 2:1-2 (thematic): Amos pronounces decisive punishment on Moab ('for three transgressions... I will send fire'), reflecting the same theme of divine retribution that results in Moab's destruction as a people.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel announces the LORD's hand against Moab and predicts their subjugation and loss—another prophetic declaration of Moab's ruin for opposing God, paralleling Jeremiah's verdict of destruction.
- Obadiah 1:3-4 (allusion): Although addressing Edom, Obadiah denounces national pride ('the pride of your heart') and promises humbling and downfall; this mirrors Jeremiah's motif that self-exaltation against God brings extermination.
- Psalm 83:9-10 (structural): The psalmist prays that God treat hostile nations including Moab as defeated peoples ('Make them like Oreb and Zeeb...'), echoing the idea of Moab's humiliation and effective destruction as a nation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moab shall be destroyed and cease to be a people because he magnified himself against the LORD.
- Moab shall be undone from being a people because he magnified himself against the LORD.
Jer.48.43 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- פחד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופחת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ופח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 24:17 (verbal): Nearly identical triadic formula—'fear, the pit, and the snare'—addressing inhabitants; a close verbal parallel in theme and wording.
- Psalm 91:5-6 (thematic): Speaks of 'terror' (fear) coming and threats from night/pestilence; shares the motif of sudden divine-caused fear and peril.
- Proverbs 1:27 (thematic): Describes terror and sudden destruction coming upon the wicked—echoes the theme of imminent calamity and panic found in Jer 48:43.
- Zephaniah 2:9 (thematic): A prophetic announcement of Moab's devastation and disgrace; parallels Jeremiah's oracle in target (Moab) and the theme of impending judgment.
- Jeremiah 48:41 (structural): Part of the same oracle-cycle against Moab in Jeremiah 48; nearby verses use parallel imagery of panic, capture, and ruin—contextual continuation of the same judgment theme.
Alternative generated candidates
- Terror, pit, and snare are upon you, O inhabitant of Moab —declares the LORD.
- Terror, the snare, and the pit are upon you, O inhabitant of Moab—declares the LORD.
Jer.48.44 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הנס: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,sg,def
- מפני: PREP
- הפחד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הפחת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והעלה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מן: PREP
- הפחת: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ילכד: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- בפח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אביא: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,_,sg
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אל: NEG
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- שנת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- פקדתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Proverbs 26:27 (verbal): Uses the same proverbial imagery of one who digs a pit falling into it—parallels the motif of falling into a pit/snare as judgment for wicked action.
- Psalm 7:15-16 (verbal): Speaks of digging a pit and then falling into it, with the evildoer trapped by his own devices—echoes Jeremiah’s language of falling into a pit and being caught in a snare.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): A prophetic oracle pronouncing divine judgment on Moab (and Ammon), declaring God will bring punishment upon them—parallels Jeremiah’s announcement of visitation against Moab.
- Isaiah 15:1–9 (thematic): A poetic lament over Moab’s devastation and terror; thematically parallels Jeremiah’s depiction of fear, downfall, and impending visitation on Moab.
Alternative generated candidates
- He who flees from the terror shall fall into the pit; and he who climbs out of the pit shall be caught in the snare; for I will bring upon Moab the year of their punishment —declares the LORD.
- They shall flee because of the terror; they shall fall into the pit, and their flight will be for naught; and they shall be caught in the snare—for I will bring upon Moab the year of their punishment—declares the LORD.
Jer.48.45 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בצל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חשבון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- מכח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נסים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מחשבון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ולהבה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מבין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סיחון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- פאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וקדקד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 21:26-30 (verbal): Uses the same traditional wording: fire went out of Heshbon/a flame from the city of Sihon that devoured parts of Moab — a near verbal and narrative source for Jeremiah's image.
- Deuteronomy 2:26-37 (quotation): Retells Israel’s victory over Sihon at Heshbon and the seizure of his territory; Jeremiah echoes this historic judgment as a paradigm for Moab’s destruction.
- Isaiah 15:1-9 (thematic): A prophetic oracle mourning Moab’s devastation; shares the theme of Moab’s ruin and loss of towns and heads (leadership) like Jeremiah’s portrayal.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Pronounces divine judgment against Moab and Ammon, thematically parallel to Jeremiah’s depiction of consuming judgment (fire) and the downfall of Moabite strongholds.
Alternative generated candidates
- They stood in the shadow of Heshbon, their might like a stronghold; but fire shall go out from Heshbon and a flame from the midst of Sihon; it shall devour the foreparts of Moab and the heads of the people of Sheon.
- They stood in the shadow of Heshbon because of the might of the Anakim; for a fire went out of Heshbon and a flame from the midst of Sihon; it will devour the foreheads of Moab and the crown of the sons of tumult.
Jer.48.46 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- אבד: VERB,qal,infabs
- עם: PREP
- כמוש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- לקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בניך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+POSS,2,m,sg
- בשבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובנתיך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:2,ms
- בשביה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:32 (verbal): The covenant curse language—"your sons and your daughters shall be given to another people"—parallels Jeremiah's statement that Moab's sons and daughters are taken captive.
- Isaiah 15:4 (thematic): Isaiah's lament over Moab depicts fugitives, mourning, and the ruination of Moabite society, echoing Jeremiah's theme of Moabite captives and devastation.
- Amos 2:1 (thematic): Amos pronounces judgment on Moab for its transgressions and foretells destruction—a similar prophetic denunciation that results in loss of people and sovereignty.
- Ezekiel 25:8-11 (thematic): Ezekiel's oracle against Moab predicts God giving Moab into the hands of the nations and desolation, comparable to Jeremiah's report of Moab's sons and daughters taken into captivity.
Alternative generated candidates
- Woe to you, O Moab! The people of Chemosh are destroyed; for your sons were led away captive, and your daughters into captivity.
- Woe to you, Moab! The people of Chemosh are undone, for your sons have been taken captive and your daughters into captivity.
Jer.48.47 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ושבתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- שבות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- באחרית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הנה: PART
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Jeremiah 30:3 (verbal): Uses the same promise-formula about the 'latter days' and God bringing back the captivity—explicitly promises restoration of fortunes/return from exile.
- Amos 9:14 (thematic): Promises God will 'bring back the captivity' and restore the land and prosperity—parallels Jeremiah's assurance of a future restoration after judgment.
- Ezekiel 36:24-28 (thematic): God's promise to gather the people back to their land, renew them and bless the land—a theological parallel of divine restoration in the latter days.
- Zephaniah 3:20 (verbal): Speaks of bringing back the dispersed and gathering the remnant in the latter days—language and eschatological timing echo Jeremiah's promise to Moab.
- Psalm 126:1-4 (thematic): Celebrates the LORD's bringing back of captives and the joy of restoration—liturgical reflection on the same motif of return and reestablishment.
Alternative generated candidates
- I will restore the fortunes of Moab in the latter days —declares the LORD— now has come the judgment upon Moab.
- I will bring back the captives of Moab in the latter days—declares the LORD. This is the judgment of Moab.
Concerning Moab. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Woe to Nebo! For it is laid waste; Kirioth is captured; Misgab is put to shame and the strongholds are seized.
No more is there praise for Moab; in Heshbon they plotted evil against her: "Come, let us cut her off as a nation," — strike her down and make her a ruin; the sword shall follow after you.
A cry rises from Horonaim—plunder and great destruction.
Moab is shattered; sound the lament—let her young men cry aloud.
For on the heights the lamentation goes up; in the descent of Horonaim the cry of rupture is heard.
Flee, save your lives, and be like the lone shrub in the desert.
Because you trusted in your deeds and in your storehouses, you too shall be taken; Chemosh shall go into exile—his priests and his princes together.
Plunder will come upon every city; there will be no escape. The valley perishes and the plain is destroyed, as the LORD has spoken.
Raise a shout for Moab—she is laid waste! Her towns shall be desolate; no one will dwell in them.
Cursed be the one who does the work of the LORD deceitfully, and cursed be the one who withholds his sword from blood.
Moab has been at ease from his youth; he has trusted in his wine-casks and has not kept watch; he has not poured from one vessel to another nor gone into exile. Therefore his taste abides with him and his scent is not changed.
Therefore behold, days are coming, says the LORD, when I will send against him raiders who shall plunder; they shall empty his vessels and shatter his jars.
Moab shall be put to shame because of Chemosh, as the house of Israel was put to shame because of Bethel, their confidence.
How can you say, "We are mighty; we are warriors for the battle"? Thus says the LORD of hosts: I will cut off Moab and his towns; he shall go up, and the choice of his youths shall go down to the slaughter.
The calamity of Moab is near and his doom hastes swiftly.
All who surround him shall be appalled, and all who know his name will say: "How is the strong staff broken, the glorious rod!"
Put off your glory and sit thirsting, O daughter of Dibon; for Moab is plundered—ruin has fallen on the shrine.
Do not stand in the road; turn aside and hide, O inhabitant of Aroer; seek safety and flee—say, "What has become of the stronghold?"
Moab is ashamed—let them wail! Sound the alarm at Arnon: "Moab has been plundered!"
Judgment has gone forth on the plain country—on Holon, on Jahaz, and on Mephaath. And on Dibon, and on Nebo, and on Beth-diblathaim. And on Kerioth, and on Beth-gamul, and on Beth-meon. And on their cities and on their strongholds and on all the chief cities of Moab, far and near.
The horn of Moab is cut off and his arm is broken, declares the LORD.
Lay him bare, for he magnified himself against the LORD; Moab shall be humbled and become a reproach.
Was it not Israel who was a derision to you and found among thieves? By the measure of your words concerning him you yourself shall be shaken.
Abandon the cities and dwell in the rocks, O inhabitants of Moab; be like the dove that makes a nest in the clefts of the ravine.
We have heard of the pride of Moab—very proud is his haughtiness, his arrogant heart and boastful pride.
I know his arrogance, says the LORD; but it is not so—his deeds shall not endure as he imagines.
Therefore I will wail for Moab; I will cry out for all Moab; I will lament for the men of Kir-heres.
With weeping I will weep for you, O vine of Sibmah; I have left you. From sea to sea they have passed, and they have touched your branches and your vintage; the gleaning has fallen.
Joy and gladness are taken away from Carmel and from the land of Moab; I have put an end to the shouting—the glad song of joy shall cease.
From the outcry at Heshbon even to Elealeh and to Jahaz they raised their voice in lamentation to Horonaim; even the three-wheeled chariot is put to shame—indeed even the waters of Nimrim shall be dry.
I will make Moab a desolation, says the LORD—an object of slaughter and a burning heap for his gods.
Therefore my heart laments for Moab like flutes; my inward parts for the men of Kir-heres like a harp—yet the remnant of Moab shall perish.
Every head is shaved, every beard pared; upon all hands are girdles, and on their loins sackcloth.
On all the roofs of Moab and in all her public squares there shall be lamentation; for I have broken Moab like a vessel in which there is no pleasure, says the LORD.
How shamed he is! Moab is confounded and has turned his head back—Moab is a reproach and a curse to all around him.
For thus says the LORD: Behold, an eagle shall fly and spread his wings over Moab.
The cities are captured and their strongholds seized; then the hearts of Moab's warriors in that day shall be like a woman in travail.
Moab shall be cut off as a people because he magnified himself against the LORD.
Terror, and a snare, and a pit are upon you who dwell in Moab, says the LORD.
The one who flees from the fear shall fall into the pit, and he who climbs out of the pit shall be caught in the snare; for I will bring upon Moab a time of punishment, declares the LORD.
At the outcry from Heshbon they stand in strength because of the multitudes of fugitives; for a fire shall come forth from Heshbon, a flame from the midst of Sihon, and it shall devour the border of Moab and the head of the sons of tumult.
Woe to you, Moab! Destroyed is the people of Chemosh; for your sons have been taken captive and your daughters into captivity.
Yet I will restore the fortunes of Moab in the latter days, says the LORD—thus far is the judgment upon Moab.