The Atrocity at Gibeah and the Levite's Grievance

Judges 19:1-30

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 In those days there was no king in Israel. A certain Levite was staying in the remote hill country of Ephraim; and he took to himself a concubine from Bethlehem of Judah.

Jud.19.1 - Details

Translation

In those days there was no king in Israel. A certain Levite was staying in the remote hill country of Ephraim; and he took to himself a concubine from Bethlehem of Judah.

Original Text

ויהי בימים ההם ומלך אין בישראל ויהי ׀ איש לוי גר בירכתי הר־ אפרים ויקח־ לו אשה פילגש מבית לחם יהודה׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl
  • ומלך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אין: PART,neg
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לוי: PROPN,m,sg
  • גר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בירכתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • פילגש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop

Parallels

  • Judges 17:7 (structural): A Levite and Bethlehem↔Ephraim movement: Judges 17:7 describes a young man from Bethlehem going to the hill country of Ephraim, a structural mirror to the Levite in Ephraim who takes a concubine from Bethlehem in Judg 19:1.
  • Judges 17:6 (verbal): Shares the exact refrain 'In those days there was no king in Israel' and the lawlessness motif ('everyone did what was right in his own eyes'), which frames the social context of Judg 19:1.
  • Judges 21:25 (verbal): Repeats the same closing summary of the period—'In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes'—serving as a bookend that frames the anarchy illustrated in Judg 19.
  • 2 Samuel 13:1-22 (thematic): The rape of Tamar by Amnon parallels Judg 19's themes of sexual violence within a household/community and the catastrophic social and moral consequences that follow when justice and order break down.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it came to pass in those days, that there was no king in Israel. And there was a certain Levite who sojourned in the remote parts of the hill country of Ephraim; and he took to himself a concubine from Bethlehem in Judah.
  • In those days there was no king in Israel. A certain Levite was staying in the remote part of the hill country of Ephraim, and he took for himself a concubine from Bethlehem in Judah.
2 But the concubine played the harlot against him and went away to her father's house at Bethlehem of Judah, and she was there four months.

Jud.19.2 - Details

Translation

But the concubine played the harlot against him and went away to her father's house at Bethlehem of Judah, and she was there four months.

Original Text

ותזנה עליו פילגשו ותלך מאתו אל־ בית אביה אל־ בית לחם יהודה ותהי־ שם ימים ארבעה חדשים׃

Morphology

  • ותזנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • פילגשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,sg
  • ותלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • מאתו: PREP
  • אל: NEG
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • אל: NEG
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • שם: ADV
  • ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ארבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
  • חדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:1-11 (structural): The attempted sexual violation of a guest and the breakdown of hospitality in Sodom functions as a structural and thematic parallel to Judges 19 (the journey to Gibeah and the demand to rape the male visitor), with Judges 19 echoing the Sodom narrative's motifs of communal violence and moral collapse.
  • Genesis 34 (thematic): The rape of Dinah by Shechem and the ensuing family retaliation parallels Judges 19 in themes of sexual violence against a woman belonging to an Israelite household and the social and violent consequences that follow.
  • 2 Samuel 13:1-22 (thematic): The assault of Tamar by Amnon and Tamar's resultant desolation and family crisis echo Judges 19's focus on sexual violence within Israelite society and the destructive ripple effects upon kinship and communal order.
  • Hosea 1–3 (esp. Hosea 3:1-3) (allusion): The motif of an unfaithful woman (Gomer) who leaves and the husband's response to her infidelity resonates with Judges 19:2's description of the concubine 'playing the whore' and departing to her father's house, linking themes of marital/sexual unfaithfulness and retrieval or attempted reconciliation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the concubine played the harlot against him, and went away from him to her father's house at Bethlehem in Judah; and she was there four months.
  • But she became unfaithful to him and went away from him to her father’s house at Bethlehem in Judah, and she remained there for four days.
3 Then her husband arose and went after her to speak kindly to her and to bring her back; with him went his servant and two donkeys. So she brought him into her father's house; and when the girl's father saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.

Jud.19.3 - Details

Translation

Then her husband arose and went after her to speak kindly to her and to bring her back; with him went his servant and two donkeys. So she brought him into her father's house; and when the girl's father saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.

Original Text

ויקם אישה וילך אחריה לדבר על־ לבה להשיבה ונערו עמו וצמד חמרים ותביאהו בית אביה ויראהו אבי הנערה וישמח לקראתו׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אחריה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
  • לדבר: INF,qal
  • על: PREP
  • לבה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg+PRON,3,f,sg
  • להשיבה: VERB,hif,inf,3,f,sg
  • ונערו: NOUN,m,sg+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וצמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ותביאהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אביה: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • ויראהו: VERB,hif,impf-cc,3,m,sg
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הנערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וישמח: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לקראתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m

Parallels

  • Hosea 3:1-2 (thematic): Both depict a husband being sent/going to retrieve a wayward wife and bring her back — a motif of restoration and reclaiming a woman to the marriage household.
  • 1 Samuel 25:18-35 (verbal): Abigail goes out to meet David and speaks to his heart to avert disaster; parallels the motif of a man/woman going to plead and persuade by speaking to the other's heart.
  • Deuteronomy 24:1-4 (structural): Legal material concerning a wife sent away and questions about her return to a husband — provides a legal/structural background to narratives where a woman leaves and is brought back or transferred between households.
  • Luke 15:20 (thematic): The image of a father seeing and joyfully running to meet a returning family member parallels the brief note here that the girl's father saw her and rejoiced to meet her (motif of glad reception on return).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then her husband arose and went after her to speak kindly to her and to bring her back; his young man went with him, and two donkeys. So they brought her to her father's house; and when the girl's father saw him, he was glad to meet him.
  • Then her husband rose up and went after her to speak tenderly to her and to bring her back. He had with him his servant and two saddled donkeys. She brought him into her father’s house, and when the girl's father saw him, he was glad to meet him.
4 The girl's father, the woman's father, held him and made him stay; and he remained with him three days. They ate and drank, and lodged there.

Jud.19.4 - Details

Translation

The girl's father, the woman's father, held him and made him stay; and he remained with him three days. They ate and drank, and lodged there.

Original Text

ויחזק־ בו חתנו אבי הנערה וישב אתו שלשת ימים ויאכלו וישתו וילינו שם׃

Morphology

  • ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • חתנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+poss:3m
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הנערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • וישתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • וילינו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • שם: ADV

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:3 (verbal): Lot receives strangers, prepares food and they eat and lodge — language and actions (hosting travelers, eating/drinking, lodging) closely parallel the hospitality scene in Judg 19:4.
  • Genesis 18:1-8 (thematic): Abraham’s prompt hospitality to unexpected visitors (running to meet them, providing food and rest) reflects the cultural expectation and narrative motif of welcoming guests found in Judges 19:4.
  • 2 Kings 4:8-10 (structural): The Shunammite woman provides a furnished room and hospitality for the prophet Elisha — a structurally similar episode of accommodating an itinerant/holy guest with food and lodging.
  • Matthew 25:35 (thematic): Jesus’ teaching that welcoming strangers (feeding and lodging the needy) is a righteous duty echoes the moral and social importance of hospitality exhibited in Judges 19:4.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the girl's father, the woman's father, held him, and he remained with him three days. They ate and drank, and lodged there.
  • Her father-in-law, the girl's father, urged him, and he stayed with him three days; they ate and drank and spent the night there.
5 On the fourth day they rose early in the morning, and he prepared to go; but the girl's father said to his son‑in‑law, "Refresh your heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward you may go."

Jud.19.5 - Details

Translation

On the fourth day they rose early in the morning, and he prepared to go; but the girl's father said to his son‑in‑law, "Refresh your heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward you may go."

Original Text

ויהי ביום הרביעי וישכימו בבקר ויקם ללכת ויאמר אבי הנערה אל־ חתנו סעד לבך פת־ לחם ואחר תלכו׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ביום: PREP
  • הרביעי: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
  • וישכימו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • בבקר: PREP
  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הנערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • חתנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+poss:3m
  • סעד: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+poss:2m
  • פת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואחר: CONJ
  • תלכו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Gen.24.55 (structural): Family urges a bride/guest to tarry for several days after the wedding ('abide with us a few days... afterward she shall go'), paralleling the father’s request that the Levite eat and delay his departure.
  • Gen.19.2–3 (thematic): Lot invites unexpected guests to stay and eat ('Turn in, I pray you; tarry all night, and wash your feet'), echoing the hospitable summons and meal-before-departure motif.
  • Gen.18.6–8 (thematic): Abraham hastens to prepare bread and a meal for visitors and urges them to eat and rest—another instance of ritual hospitality and hosting before departure.
  • 1 Kgs.19.7 (verbal): The angel tells Elijah 'Arise and eat; because the journey is too great for thee,' closely matching the instruction to eat/strengthen oneself before setting out on a journey.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And on the fourth day they arose early in the morning, and the man was ready to depart; but the girl's father said to his son-in-law, "Refresh your heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward you shall go."
  • On the fourth day they rose up early in the morning to depart, but the girl's father said to his son-in-law, 'Refresh your heart; spend the day, and behold, eat some bread, and afterward go your way.'
6 So they sat down and ate both of them together. Then the girl's father said to the man, "Please, be willing to spend the night; comfort yourself."

Jud.19.6 - Details

Translation

So they sat down and ate both of them together. Then the girl's father said to the man, "Please, be willing to spend the night; comfort yourself."

Original Text

וישבו ויאכלו שניהם יחדו וישתו ויאמר אבי הנערה אל־ האיש הואל־ נא ולין ויטב לבך׃

Morphology

  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שניהם: PRON,3,m,pl
  • יחדו: ADV
  • וישתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הנערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הואל: DEM,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • ולין: VERB,qal,juss,1,pl
  • ויטב: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
  • לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2s

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:3 (verbal): Lot urges the visitors to 'turn in, and tarry all night' and prepares a meal for them — a close verbal and structural parallel to the father's invitation to the traveling man to stay and be merry.
  • Genesis 18:4 (thematic): Abraham's offer to his unexpected guests ('Let a little water, wash your feet, and rest yourselves') exemplifies the Near Eastern hospitality motif that underlies the father's invitation in Judges 19:6.
  • Luke 10:38-42 (thematic): Martha's reception of Jesus as a guest and the household's hospitality reflect the wider gospel theme of receiving travelers and visitors, echoing the social expectations shown in Judges 19:6.
  • Hebrews 13:2 (thematic): The exhortation not to forget hospitality ('for thereby some have entertained angels unawares') invokes the same moral/religious importance of offering lodging and refreshment to strangers that motivates the father's plea in Judges 19:6.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they sat down and ate both of them together. And the girl's father said to the man, "Please be willing to lodge all night, and let your heart be merry."
  • So they sat and ate both of them together; and the girl's father said to the man, 'Be willing to stay all night; let your heart be merry.'
7 But the man arose to depart; and his father‑in‑law urged him, so he lodged there again.

Jud.19.7 - Details

Translation

But the man arose to depart; and his father‑in‑law urged him, so he lodged there again.

Original Text

ויקם האיש ללכת ויפצר־ בו חתנו וישב וילן שם׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
  • ויפצר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • חתנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pronsuf,3,m
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • וילן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • שם: ADV

Parallels

  • Genesis 18:3-5 (thematic): Abraham meets unexpected visitors and urgently invites them to stay, wash, and eat—parallel hospitality motif and the host/guest dynamic of pressing someone to remain.
  • Genesis 19:2-3 (structural): Lot urges the angelic visitors to enter his house and lodge with him; similar sequence of a traveler about to depart who is persuaded to stay and be hosted.
  • Ruth 2:14 (thematic): Boaz urges Ruth to sit and eat with his reapers, an instance of a host encouraging a weary or vulnerable outsider to accept lodging/food—echoes the social hospitality theme.
  • 1 Samuel 25:18-22 (thematic): Abigail hastens to meet David and intercedes, providing food and persuading him toward a course of action; parallels the interpersonal urging and the role of hospitality/appeasement in altering plans.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the man rose up to depart; and his father-in-law pressed him, and he lodged there again.
  • But the man rose up to depart, and his father-in-law urged him; so he lodged there again.
8 On the fifth day they rose early to depart, but the girl's father said, "Strengthen your heart; spend the day and go in the evening." So they ate together.

Jud.19.8 - Details

Translation

On the fifth day they rose early to depart, but the girl's father said, "Strengthen your heart; spend the day and go in the evening." So they ate together.

Original Text

וישכם בבקר ביום החמישי ללכת ויאמר ׀ אבי הנערה סעד־ נא לבבך והתמהמהו עד־ נטות היום ויאכלו שניהם׃

Morphology

  • וישכם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • בבקר: PREP
  • ביום: PREP
  • החמישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הנערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • סעד: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • לבבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • והתמהמהו: VERB,hitpael,juss,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • נטות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שניהם: PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Genesis 18:2-5 (thematic): Abraham meets unexpected guests, urges them to rest and eat, and delays their departure—an earlier example of hospitality and inviting guests to 'tarry' and be fed.
  • Genesis 19:2 (thematic): Lot urges the angelic visitors to stay and provides a meal; like Judges 19:8 this passage frames hospitality (and staying to eat) as a pivotal social act.
  • 1 Samuel 25:18-19 (thematic): Abigail brings provisions to David to placate him and delay his action; parallels the use of food and delay/tarrying as a means to influence events and relationships.
  • Luke 10:38-42 (thematic): Martha welcomes Jesus into her home and prepares a meal—another scene where hospitality, eating, and the timing of departure/attention become the setting for consequential interaction.
  • Acts 16:15 (thematic): Lydia invites Paul and his companions to 'remain' in her house after hospitality is shown; parallels the motif of inviting guests to stay and be hosted, with social and missionary implications.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he rose up early on the fifth day to depart; and the girl's father said, "Refresh your heart; tarry until the day be half spent." So they ate both of them.
  • On the fifth day he rose up to depart, and the girl's father said, 'Refresh your heart; stay until the day declines.' So they ate together.
9 Then the man—the Levite—rose to depart with his concubine and his servant. But the girl's father, the son‑in‑law, said to him, "Please be content to spend the night; see, the day is waning toward evening—lodge here; spend the night and be glad, and in the morning you may rise up early and go on your way."

Jud.19.9 - Details

Translation

Then the man—the Levite—rose to depart with his concubine and his servant. But the girl's father, the son‑in‑law, said to him, "Please be content to spend the night; see, the day is waning toward evening—lodge here; spend the night and be glad, and in the morning you may rise up early and go on your way."

Original Text

ויקם האיש ללכת הוא ופילגשו ונערו ויאמר לו חתנו אבי הנערה הנה נא רפה היום לערב לינו־ נא הנה חנות היום לין פה וייטב לבבך והשכמתם מחר לדרככם והלכת לאהלך׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ופילגשו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,pr3ms
  • ונערו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3m
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • חתנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3m
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • הנערה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הנה: PART
  • נא: PART
  • רפה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לערב: VERB,qal,inf
  • לינו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • נא: PART
  • הנה: PART
  • חנות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לין: VERB,qal,inf
  • פה: ADV
  • וייטב: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • לבבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • והשכמתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • מחר: ADV
  • לדרככם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,2mp
  • והלכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לאהלך: VERB,qal,inf

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:2 (verbal): Lot urges the travelers to 'stay' and accept hospitality for the night—parallel invitation to lodge (לינו/לינו נא) and the motif of hosting strangers overnight.
  • Genesis 18:4 (thematic): Abraham offers water, rest, and bread to unexpected visitors—reflects the cultural obligation of hospitality and inviting guests to stay and refresh themselves.
  • Genesis 24:32 (structural): Laban/Bethuel receive Abraham’s servant, insist he eat and stay while matters are discussed—similar narrative pattern of a host pressing a traveler to remain overnight and be entertained.
  • 1 Samuel 25:5–8 (thematic): David’s men request provisions and expect hospitality; the episode (and Abigail’s later intervention) highlights social expectations and tensions around entertaining travelers and supplying guests.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And when the man rose up to depart, he and his concubine and his servant, his father-in-law, the girl's father, said to him, "Behold, now the day draws toward evening; lodge here and tarry all night, and let your heart be merry; tomorrow you may rise early and go home."
  • When the man rose to depart — he and his concubine and his servant — the girl's father said to his son-in-law, 'See, now the day is declining toward evening; lodge here and let your heart be merry; tomorrow go early, and go your way.'
10 Yet the man would not stay that night; he arose and departed and came opposite Jebus—that is, Jerusalem. With him were his concubine and his servant and two donkeys.

Jud.19.10 - Details

Translation

Yet the man would not stay that night; he arose and departed and came opposite Jebus—that is, Jerusalem. With him were his concubine and his servant and two donkeys.

Original Text

ולא־ אבה האיש ללון ויקם וילך ויבא עד־ נכח יבוס היא ירושלם ועמו צמד חמורים חבושים ופילגשו עמו׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • אבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ללון: VERB,qal,inf
  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • נכח: PREP
  • יבוס: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • ירושלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועמו: PREP+3,m,sg
  • צמד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חמורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • חבושים: ADJ,m,pl
  • ופילגשו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,pr3ms
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.19.1 (structural): Opening of the same narrative: introduces the Levite and his concubine, providing the immediate context for the travel and lodging decisions in v.10.
  • Judg.19.11-15 (structural): Immediate continuation of the episode: describes the arrival at Gibeah after passing Jebus/Jerusalem and the seeking of lodging that follows v.10.
  • Gen.19.4-9 (thematic): The Sodom narrative: men of the city demand the visitors to be handed over for sexual violence—a clear thematic parallel and literary antecedent to the breach of hospitality and sexual assault that unfolds in Judges 19.
  • Gen.19.15-17 (thematic): Lot’s nocturnal departure and seeking refuge: parallels the motif of rising at night and traveling to another city for safety or lodging, as in the Levite’s movement in v.10.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the man would not tarry that night, but rose up and departed, and came to the place where he had come, even to Jebus — now the same is Jerusalem — and there were with him saddled asses and the concubine.
  • But the man would not stay that night; he rose up and departed and came to the place that is near Jebus — that is, Jerusalem. He had with him the two saddled donkeys and his concubine.
11 Now the day was far spent, and the servant said to his master, "Come, let us turn aside into this Jebusite town and spend the night in it."

Jud.19.11 - Details

Translation

Now the day was far spent, and the servant said to his master, "Come, let us turn aside into this Jebusite town and spend the night in it."

Original Text

הם עם־ יבוס והיום רד מאד ויאמר הנער אל־ אדניו לכה־ נא ונסורה אל־ עיר־ היבוסי הזאת ונלין בה׃

Morphology

  • הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
  • עם: PREP
  • יבוס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והיום: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • רד: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • מאד: ADV
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הנער: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • אדניו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+POSS,3,m,sg
  • לכה: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • נא: PART
  • ונסורה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • היבוסי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • ונלין: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:2 (verbal): Both passages use very similar language of travelers asking to 'turn in' to a city and lodge for the night—shared hospitality/turning-aside formula (cf. 'turn in… and tarry all night').
  • Genesis 19:4–5 (thematic): The mob outside Lot’s house demanding the visitors to be brought out for sexual violence parallels the later assault by the men of Gibeah in Judges 19—strong thematic and narrative echo (hospitality followed by communal sexual violence).
  • Judges 19:12–15 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: after attempting to lodge in Jebus (v.11) the travelers fail to find a host and proceed to Gibeah—these verses explain the direct sequence and motives that follow v.11. 
  • 2 Samuel 5:6–9 (allusion): Identifies the city called Jebus (Jerusalem) and its status as a Jebusite stronghold; provides historical/structural background for the phrase 'this Jebusite city' in Judges 19:11 and later Israelite dealings with Jebus/ Jerusalem.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And when they were near to Jebus, the day was far spent; and the servant said to his master, "Come, let us turn aside into this Jebusite city, and lodge in it."
  • When they were near Jebus, the day was far spent, the young man said to his master, 'Come, let us turn aside into this Jebusite city and spend the night in it.'
12 But his master said to him, "We will not turn aside into a foreign town that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass on to Gibeah."

Jud.19.12 - Details

Translation

But his master said to him, "We will not turn aside into a foreign town that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass on to Gibeah."

Original Text

ויאמר אליו אדניו לא נסור אל־ עיר נכרי אשר לא־ מבני ישראל הנה ועברנו עד־ גבעה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אדניו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+POSS,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נסור: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • עיר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נכרי: ADJ,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • מבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הנה: PART
  • ועברנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
  • עד: PREP
  • גבעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 19:13 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the same itinerary decision—repeats the refusal to stay in a non‑Israelite town and the intent to go on to Gibeah (same verbal motive and destination).
  • Judges 19:16 (thematic): The party’s arrival in Gibeah and the ensuing failure of hospitality and violence are the direct outcome of the decision in 19:12; thematically links the choice of destination to the crisis that follows.
  • Judges 20:1–48 (structural): The national assembly and war against the tribe of Benjamin are the structural and narrative consequences of the crime that occurs in Gibeah after the travelers decide to go there; shows how the local decision triggers nationwide conflict.
  • Judges 21:25 (thematic): Summarizes the period—'there was no king... everyone did what was right in his own eyes'—provides thematic context for the refusal to enter foreign towns and the lawlessness exemplified by the Gibeah episode.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But his master said to him, "We will not turn aside into a foreign city, which is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah."
  • But his master said to him, 'We will not turn aside to a foreign city that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass on to Gibeah.'
13 And he said to the servant, "Come, let us draw near to one of these places and lodge in Gibeah or Ramah."

Jud.19.13 - Details

Translation

And he said to the servant, "Come, let us draw near to one of these places and lodge in Gibeah or Ramah."

Original Text

ויאמר לנערו לך ונקרבה באחד המקמות ולנו בגבעה או ברמה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנערו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ונקרבה: VERB,qal,cohort,1,pl
  • באחד: PREP
  • המקמות: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ולנו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • בגבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • או: CONJ
  • ברמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:2-11 (thematic): Both scenes involve strangers seeking lodging, the host offering to shelter them, and the men of the city surrounding the house and attempting sexual violence—close thematic and narrative parallel to the Gibeah episode.
  • Genesis 18:2-8 (thematic): Abraham’s eager hospitality toward unexpected visitors (inviting them to wash, rest, and eat) provides a positive contrast and thematic foil to the precarious lodging and lack of safe hospitality in Judges 19.
  • Leviticus 19:33-34 (thematic): The legal/ethical injunctions to treat the alien/sojourner kindly and not mistreat strangers stand in moral contrast to the mistreatment and failure of hospitality depicted in Judges 19:13–22.
  • Judges 19:22 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel/continuation: the men of Gibeah assault the visitors in the house—this verse shows the direct outcome of turning aside into the town and spending the night there.
  • Judges 20:1-11 (structural): The national assembly and demand for justice over the crime in Gibeah respond directly to the events that begin with the decision to lodge in the town; these verses show the communal/legal fallout of the failed hospitality.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he spoke to his young man, and they turned aside there to go in and lodge in Gibeah or in Ramah.
  • He said to his servant, 'Come, let us draw near to one of these places and spend the night in Gibeah or in Ramah.'
14 So they passed and went; and the sun went down near Gibeah, which belongs to Benjamin.

Jud.19.14 - Details

Translation

So they passed and went; and the sun went down near Gibeah, which belongs to Benjamin.

Original Text

ויעברו וילכו ותבא להם השמש אצל הגבעה אשר לבנימן׃

Morphology

  • ויעברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ותבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אצל: PREP
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:1 (structural): Narrative parallel: travelers arrive at a town at evening (Sodom)—the Judges account deliberately mirrors the ‘coming to Sodom in the evening’ motif that sets up the episode of failed hospitality and violence.
  • Genesis 19:4–5 (verbal): Verbal/scene parallel: the townsmen demand the visitors be brought out to them for sexual assault; Judges 19 repeats the same pattern of men of the city surrounding the house and seeking to abuse guests.
  • Judges 19:22 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same episode: the escalation from arriving at Gibeah at sunset (v.14) to the mob surrounding the house and assaulting the Levite’s concubine (v.22) — shows the structural sequence of arrival → night → violence.
  • 2 Samuel 13:1–14 (thematic): Thematic parallel: betrayal and sexual violence within Israelite society (Amnon’s rape of Tamar) — both narratives involve household-based sexual violence that fractures family/tribal life and provokes wider social consequences.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So they went on and came to Gibeah; and the sun went down on them near Gibeah which is of Benjamin.
  • So they passed on and went, and the sun went down on them near Gibeah that belongs to Benjamin.
15 They turned aside there to go in and lodge in Gibeah; and they sat down in the open square of the city, and no one took them into his house to spend the night.

Jud.19.15 - Details

Translation

They turned aside there to go in and lodge in Gibeah; and they sat down in the open square of the city, and no one took them into his house to spend the night.

Original Text

ויסרו שם לבוא ללון בגבעה ויבא וישב ברחוב העיר ואין איש מאסף־ אותם הביתה ללון׃

Morphology

  • ויסרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שם: ADV
  • לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
  • ללון: VERB,qal,inf
  • בגבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ברחוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאסף: VERB,piel,ptcp,3,m,sg
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • הביתה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ללון: VERB,qal,inf

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:2 (verbal): Both passages describe a male figure 'sitting in the street/gate of the city' awaiting lodging; Judges emphasizes refusal of hospitality in Gibeah, while Genesis 19:2 has Lot bringing guests into his house after meeting them at the gate.
  • Genesis 18:1-8 (thematic): Abraham's prompt and generous reception of strangers (offering water, rest, a meal, and a place to wash feet) contrasts with the initial refusal of lodging in Judges 19 and highlights hospitality as a central social expectation.
  • 2 Kings 4:8-10 (thematic): The Shunammite woman prepares a guest room and invites the prophet to stay — a positive instance of providing lodging to a traveler/holy man that contrasts with the unwillingness of the Gibeah townspeople to take the travelers into their homes.
  • Luke 10:30-37 (Good Samaritan) (thematic): The parable stresses the moral obligation to aid strangers and travelers in need; Judges 19:15's depiction of townspeople who refuse to house visitors can be read against this ethical expectation of hospitality and neighborly care.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they turned aside there to go in to lodge in Gibeah; and when they went in to the street, no man took them into his house to spend the night.
  • They turned aside there to go in and to spend the night in Gibeah; and they sat down in the open square of the city. No man took them into his house to spend the night.
16 Behold, an old man came in from his work in the field at evening. He was from the remote hill country of Ephraim and was staying in Gibeah; and the men of the place were Benjamites.

Jud.19.16 - Details

Translation

Behold, an old man came in from his work in the field at evening. He was from the remote hill country of Ephraim and was staying in Gibeah; and the men of the place were Benjamites.

Original Text

והנה ׀ איש זקן בא מן־ מעשהו מן־ השדה בערב והאיש מהר אפרים והוא־ גר בגבעה ואנשי המקום בני ימיני׃

Morphology

  • והנה: ADV
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • זקן: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מן: PREP
  • מעשהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • מן: PREP
  • השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בערב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והאיש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מהר: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • גר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בגבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואנשי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ימיני: ADJ,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:1-11 (allusion): Night arrival of guests in a city and the men of the town seeking to abuse the visitors — Judges 19 is often read as a deliberate echo/allusion to the Sodom episode, highlighting communal violence and hospitality’s failure.
  • Genesis 18:1-8 (thematic): A contrasting hospitality scene: Abraham greets and shelters strangers at his tent in the evening and provides food — sets up the hospitality/hostility spectrum that Judges 19 subverts.
  • Judges 19:22-25 (structural): Immediate structural continuation of the same episode: the men of Gibeah surround the house and assault the Levite’s concubine; these verses show the outcome of the hostile reception introduced in 19:16.
  • 2 Samuel 13:1-22 (thematic): Rape within the same kin-group/tribal context (Amnon and Tamar) — thematically related through intra-community sexual violence and the social breakdown that follows.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even; now the man was from the hill country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah — the men of the place were Benjamites.
  • And behold, an old man came in from his work in the field at evening. Now the man was from the hill country of Ephraim, and he was staying in Gibeah; the men of the place were Benjamites.
17 He lifted up his eyes and saw the traveler in the street of the city; and the old man said, "Where are you going, and where do you come from?"

Jud.19.17 - Details

Translation

He lifted up his eyes and saw the traveler in the street of the city; and the old man said, "Where are you going, and where do you come from?"

Original Text

וישא עיניו וירא את־ האיש הארח ברחב העיר ויאמר האיש הזקן אנה תלך ומאין תבוא׃

Morphology

  • וישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הארח: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ברחב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזקן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אנה: ADV,interrog
  • תלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • ומאין: CONJ+ADV
  • תבוא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Gen.18.2 (verbal): Abraham 'lifted up his eyes and saw' visitors and immediately offers hospitality; verbal and situational parallel to the host’s noticing a traveler and initiating contact.
  • Gen.19.1 (allusion): Lot meets strangers at the city gate and brings them into his house—an explicit literary and thematic foil for Judges 19 (the narrative is traditionally read as echoing and inverting the Sodom story).
  • Gen.24.18-20 (structural): Abraham’s servant meets Rebekah at the well, asks about her origin, and she displays hospitality to his camels—a comparable travel/hospitality encounter marked by questions about where one is coming from and going to.
  • Luke.10.30-37 (thematic): The Good Samaritan episode frames care for travelers and the ethics of hospitality/assistance to strangers, resonating thematically with the movement, vulnerability, and expectations surrounding travelers in Judges 19.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And when he lifted up his eyes, he saw the traveler in the street of the city; and the old man said, "Where are you going, and where do you come from?"
  • When he lifted up his eyes and saw the traveler in the open square of the city, the old man said, 'Where are you going, and where do you come from?'
18 And he said to him, "We are passing from Bethlehem of Judah to the remote hill country of Ephraim. I went to Bethlehem of Judah, and I am going to the house of the LORD; there is no one to take me into his house."

Jud.19.18 - Details

Translation

And he said to him, "We are passing from Bethlehem of Judah to the remote hill country of Ephraim. I went to Bethlehem of Judah, and I am going to the house of the LORD; there is no one to take me into his house."

Original Text

ויאמר אליו עברים אנחנו מבית־ לחם יהודה עד־ ירכתי הר־ אפרים משם אנכי ואלך עד־ בית לחם יהודה ואת־ בית יהוה אני הלך ואין איש מאסף אותי הביתה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עברים: PART,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
  • אנחנו: PRON,1,pl
  • מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • עד: PREP
  • ירכתי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אפרים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • משם: PREP
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • ואלך: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ואת: CONJ
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאסף: VERB,qal,ptcp,act,m,sg
  • אותי: PRON,1,sg,acc
  • הביתה: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Ruth 1:1 (structural): Same setting and timeframe: 'a man of Bethlehem Judah' and 'in the days when the judges ruled'—links the narrative world and movements to/from Bethlehem.
  • Genesis 19:1-3 (thematic): Both episodes depict travelers seeking lodging in a town; Lot's reception in Sodom (and its perversion) provides a direct contrast with Gibeah's failure to shelter guests.
  • Genesis 18:1-8 (thematic): Abraham's exemplary hospitality toward unexpected visitors models the social expectation that travelers be received into a house—an expectation assumed by the Levite here.
  • Deuteronomy 10:19 (verbal): The law to 'love the sojourner' and remember Israel's own status as strangers thematizes the obligation to receive outsiders, which the Levite expects but does not find.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he said to him, "We are passing from Bethlehem of Judah to the remote parts of the hill country of Ephraim; from there I was going to Bethlehem of Judah and to the house of the LORD, and no man took me into his house.
  • They said to him, 'We are passing from Bethlehem in Judah to the remote parts of the hill country of Ephraim. I am from there, and I was going to my house to Bethlehem, and to the house of the LORD; but no man would take me into his house.
19 The old man said, "Also we have straw and provender for your donkeys, and bread and wine for me and your servant and for the young man—there is no lack of anything."

Jud.19.19 - Details

Translation

The old man said, "Also we have straw and provender for your donkeys, and bread and wine for me and your servant and for the young man—there is no lack of anything."

Original Text

וגם־ תבן גם־ מספוא יש לחמורינו וגם לחם ויין יש־ לי ולאמתך ולנער עם־ עבדיך אין מחסור כל־ דבר׃

Morphology

  • וגם: CONJ
  • תבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גם: ADV
  • מספוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לחמורינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss1,pl
  • וגם: CONJ
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ולאמתך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss2,sg
  • ולנער: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • עבדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2ms
  • אין: PART,neg
  • מחסור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 18:4 (thematic): Abraham's offer to guests—water to wash feet and a morsel of bread—reflects the same ancient hospitality norms of providing food, drink, and rest to visitors.
  • Genesis 19:3 (thematic): Lot prepares a meal and shelters his guests, paralleling the household's duty to provide food and lodging to travelers and protect them.
  • 1 Samuel 25:18-20 (verbal): Abigail loads donkeys with bread, wine, and provisions to meet David—closely parallels Judges 19:19's mention of bread, wine, fodder, and provision for servants and animals.
  • Exodus 18:7-8 (thematic): Jethro's reception of Moses with a meal and fellowship illustrates a similar pattern of welcoming and provisioning an arriving guest or delegation.
  • Luke 10:34 (thematic): The Good Samaritan supplies oil, wine, and lodging to a traveler in need; a New Testament example of providing practical sustenance and care to a stranger.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Also we have straw and provender for our asses, and bread and wine for me and your maid and for the young man who is with your servants; there is no lack of anything."
  • Furthermore, we have straw and fodder for our donkeys, and bread and wine for me, your servant, and for the young man with your servants; there is nothing lacking.'
20 The old man said, "Peace to you; only let all your needs be on me; only do not spend the night in the square."

Jud.19.20 - Details

Translation

The old man said, "Peace to you; only let all your needs be on me; only do not spend the night in the square."

Original Text

ויאמר האיש הזקן שלום לך רק כל־ מחסורך עלי רק ברחוב אל־ תלן׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזקן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • רק: PRT
  • כל: DET
  • מחסורך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • רק: PRT
  • ברחוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • תלן: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:2 (verbal): Lot meets the visitors and urges them, "Turn in, I pray you, into your servant's house, and tarry all night," using language very similar to the Levite's host who says, "do not spend the night in the street."
  • Genesis 18:3-5 (thematic): Abraham's prompt offer of water, rest, and a meal to passing strangers parallels the theme of providing shelter and meeting a traveler's needs found in Judges 19:20.
  • 1 Kings 17:8-12 (thematic): The widow of Zarephath receives Elijah and prepares a meal despite her scarcity; like the old man in Judges 19:20, the scene highlights hospitality and provision for a traveller even when resources are limited.
  • Ruth 2:14 (thematic): Boaz invites Ruth to eat with his reapers and offers additional provision and protection — another instance of a host providing food and safety to a needy guest, echoing the hospitable intent of Judges 19:20.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the old man said, "Peace be to you; only let all your wants be on me; only do not spend the night in the square."
  • The old man said, 'Peace to you; only let all your wants be upon me; only do not spend the night in the square.'
21 So he brought them into his house and made the donkeys ready; they washed their feet and ate and drank.

Jud.19.21 - Details

Translation

So he brought them into his house and made the donkeys ready; they washed their feet and ate and drank.

Original Text

ויביאהו לביתו ויבול לחמורים וירחצו רגליהם ויאכלו וישתו׃

Morphology

  • ויביאהו: VERB,hiphil,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg+PRON,3,m
  • לביתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויבול: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • לחמורים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וירחצו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • רגליהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl
  • ויאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • וישתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Genesis 18:4 (verbal): Abraham’s hospitality formula — asks for water to wash the visitors’ feet and for them to rest, echoing the explicit foot‑washing/rest motif in Judges 19:21.
  • Genesis 19:2–3 (thematic): Lot receives strangers into his house, prepares a meal and offers them rest — a closely related episode of hospitality to outsiders in a domestic setting.
  • 2 Samuel 11:8 (verbal): David tells Uriah to 'go down to thy house, and wash thy feet' — the act of washing feet functions here as a sign of coming into the house/being at ease, paralleling the foot‑washing in Judges 19:21.
  • 1 Samuel 25:18–20 (thematic): Abigail brings provisions and hospitality to David and his men on the road; parallels the provision of fodder, food and drink for travelers in Judges 19:21.
  • John 13:4–5 (thematic): Jesus washes his disciples’ feet — while the context differs (servanthood vs. guest hospitality), it echoes the cultural significance of foot‑washing as care, welcome or intimate service reflected in Judges 19:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So he brought them into his house, and made them a feast; and they washed their feet, and they ate and drank.
  • So he brought them into his house and gave fodder to the donkeys; they washed their feet and ate and drank.
22 While they were making merry, behold, certain worthless fellows of the city, men of Belial, surrounded the house and beat the door. They said to the old man, the master of the house, "Bring out the man who came into your house, that we may know him."

Jud.19.22 - Details

Translation

While they were making merry, behold, certain worthless fellows of the city, men of Belial, surrounded the house and beat the door. They said to the old man, the master of the house, "Bring out the man who came into your house, that we may know him."

Original Text

המה מיטיבים את־ לבם והנה אנשי העיר אנשי בני־ בליעל נסבו את־ הבית מתדפקים על־ הדלת ויאמרו אל־ האיש בעל הבית הזקן לאמר הוצא את־ האיש אשר־ בא אל־ ביתך ונדענו׃

Morphology

  • המה: PRON,3,m,pl
  • מיטיבים: VERB,qal,part,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • לבם: NOUN,m,sg,poss
  • והנה: ADV
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בליעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נסבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מתדפקים: VERB,hitp,part,3,m,pl
  • על: PREP
  • הדלת: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזקן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • הוצא: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • ביתך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
  • ונדענו: VERB,qal,cohort,1,pl

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:4-11 (allusion): Men of the city surround Lot’s house, beat on the door and demand to ‘know’ the visitors — a close narrative and thematic parallel to the Gibeah mob’s attempt to seize the man who stayed at the house.
  • Genesis 19:8 (structural): Lot’s offer of his daughters to the mob mirrors the host’s later offer of the concubine (Judg.19:24): both narratives show a patriarch offering women to appease a violent male mob.
  • 2 Samuel 13:11-14 (thematic): Amnon’s rape of Tamar inside a household shares the theme of sexual violence within domestic space and betrayal of sanctuary/trust; both passages highlight gendered violence with catastrophic family and social consequences.
  • Judges 20:13 (structural): The Israelite demand to ‘give up the men of Gibeah’ so they may be punished (leading to civil war) is the direct communal response to the crime first enacted in Judg.19:22–24, linking the episode to the wider judicial and military fallout.

Alternative generated candidates

  • While they were making merry, behold, the men of the city, certain sons of Belial, beset the house, and beat on the door; and they said to the master of the house, "Bring out the man who came into your house, that we may know him."
  • While they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain worthless fellows, surrounded the house and beat on the door. They said to the old man, the master of the house, 'Bring out the man who came into your house, that we may know him.'
23 Then the man, the master of the house, went out to them and said to them, "No, my brothers, do not act so wickedly; since this man has come into my house, do not commit this disgraceful act."

Jud.19.23 - Details

Translation

Then the man, the master of the house, went out to them and said to them, "No, my brothers, do not act so wickedly; since this man has come into my house, do not commit this disgraceful act."

Original Text

ויצא אליהם האיש בעל הבית ויאמר אלהם אל־ אחי אל־ תרעו נא אחרי אשר־ בא האיש הזה אל־ ביתי אל־ תעשו את־ הנבלה הזאת׃

Morphology

  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
  • אל: NEG
  • תרעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • נא: PART
  • אחרי: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • ביתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • אל: NEG
  • תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הנבלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:4-8 (allusion): Men of the city surround Lot’s house and demand to violate his guests; Lot’s desperate offer of his daughters parallels the narrative pattern of threatened mob violence and the abuse of hospitality echoed in Judges 19.
  • Judges 19:22 (structural): Immediate narrative context: the men of the city gather and assault the house—Judg.19:23 is the host’s verbal response within the same violent scene, forming a direct structural continuation.
  • Judges 19:24 (verbal): The host’s subsequent offer of his daughter and the Levite’s concubine to the mob closely mirrors the earlier offer language and reinforces the theme of sacrificial hospitality and moral collapse.
  • 2 Samuel 13:2-14 (thematic): The rape of Tamar by Amnon shares themes of sexual violence within domestic/kinship settings, male entitlement, and catastrophic familial consequences, paralleling the violent assault and breach of household protection in Judges 19.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the man, the master of the house, went out to them and said to them, "No, my brothers, do not act so wickedly; since this man has come into my house, do not do this outrage.
  • The man, the master of the house, went out to them and said to them, 'No, my brothers; do not behave wickedly. Since this man has come into my house, do not commit this outrage.
24 But they would not listen to him. So the man took his virgin daughter and his concubine and brought them out to them; and they humbled them and abused them, and dealt with them shamefully; the man did not allow them to do this to his guest.

Jud.19.24 - Details

Translation

But they would not listen to him. So the man took his virgin daughter and his concubine and brought them out to them; and they humbled them and abused them, and dealt with them shamefully; the man did not allow them to do this to his guest.

Original Text

הנה בתי הבתולה ופילגשהו אוציאה־ נא אותם וענו אותם ועשו להם הטוב בעיניכם ולאיש הזה לא תעשו דבר הנבלה הזאת׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • בתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,1cs
  • הבתולה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ופילגשהו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3ms
  • אוציאה: VERB,hiph,impf,1,sg
  • נא: PART
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • וענו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • ועשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • הטוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • בעיניכם: PREP+NOUN,pl,f,cons+PRON,2,pl
  • ולאיש: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הנבלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:4-8 (verbal): Lot offers his daughters to a hostile mob to protect male guests — language and situation closely parallel the Levite’s offer of his virgin daughter/concubine to the men at Gibeah.
  • Judges 19:25 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: the men of the city actually seize and abuse the concubine — shows the outcome to which 19:24’s offer directly leads.
  • 2 Samuel 13:12-14 (thematic): Amnon’s rape of Tamar (a close female relative/household member) echoes themes of sexual violence within a domestic context, betrayal of hospitality/familial trust, and brutal treatment of women.
  • Deuteronomy 22:23-24 (thematic): Legal concern for a virgin violated in the town and the social-communal ramifications of sexual assault—provides the legal/ethical backdrop against which such violent acts and offers of daughters are judged in Israelite discourse.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, here is my virgin daughter and his concubine; let me bring them out now, and humble them, and do to them what seems good to you; but to this man do not so vile a thing."
  • Here are my virgin daughter and his concubine; let me bring them out now; ravish them and do with them what seems good to you. But against this man do not do such a vile thing.'
25 Yet the men would not heed him. So the man took his concubine and brought her out to them; and they knew her and abused her all night until morning; and when the morning began to dawn, they let her go.

Jud.19.25 - Details

Translation

Yet the men would not heed him. So the man took his concubine and brought her out to them; and they knew her and abused her all night until morning; and when the morning began to dawn, they let her go.

Original Text

ולא־ אבו האנשים לשמע לו ויחזק האיש בפילגשו ויצא אליהם החוץ וידעו אותה ויתעללו־ בה כל־ הלילה עד־ הבקר וישלחוה כעלות השחר׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • אבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • לשמע: INF,qal,infc
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בפילגשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • החוץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אותה: PRON,3,f,sg,acc
  • ויתעללו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
  • בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
  • כל: DET
  • הלילה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • עד: PREP
  • הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישלחוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl+PRON,3,f,sg
  • כעלות: PREP+INF,qal
  • השחר: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:4-11 (allusion): Mob in Sodom surrounds Lot’s house and demands the visitors so they can assault them—close narrative and thematic parallel of gang sexual violence and violated hospitality.
  • 2 Samuel 13:10-15 (verbal): Amnon seizes and 'knows' Tamar (rape) inside a house; similar vocabulary and domestic sexual violence with devastating personal and communal consequences.
  • Deuteronomy 22:25-27 (thematic): Legal treatment of a man who seizes and lies with a woman by force (distinguishing city/field); provides legal/moral background for understanding forced intercourse in Israelite law.
  • Judges 19:29 (structural): Immediate narrative sequel in the same episode (dismemberment of the concubine and sending pieces throughout Israel); shows how the rape precipitates national outrage and civil war.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the men would not heed him. So the man took his concubine and brought her out to them; and they knew her and abused her all night until the morning; and at morning they let her go.
  • But the men would not listen to him. So the man seized his concubine and brought her out to them; and they knew her and abused her all night until morning and let her go at the approach of dawn.
26 Then the woman came as the day was dawning and fell down at the door of the man's house where her master was until full daylight.

Jud.19.26 - Details

Translation

Then the woman came as the day was dawning and fell down at the door of the man's house where her master was until full daylight.

Original Text

ותבא האשה לפנות הבקר ותפל פתח בית־ האיש אשר־ אדוניה שם עד־ האור׃

Morphology

  • ותבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לפנות: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ותפל: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אדוניה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שם: ADV
  • עד: PREP
  • האור: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judg.19:25 (structural): Immediate context: the concubine was abused through the night and left at the house; verse 26 continues the scene at dawn, describing her coming to the door and falling there until morning.
  • Gen.19:4-11 (thematic): Nighttime mob violence and sexual assault at a house (men of Sodom demanding the visitors); parallels the theme of communal sexual violence and the breakdown of hospitality and protection.
  • 2 Sam.13:12-20 (thematic): Amnon’s rape of Tamar and her ensuing desolation in the household: a close parallel in sexual violence within a domestic setting and the victim’s humiliation and abandonment.
  • Deut.22:25-27 (allusion): Legal treatment of rape (a man meeting a betrothed woman in the field and forcing her): provides an instructive legal-theological parallel addressing sexual violence, consent, and culpability relevant to the situation in Judges 19.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the woman came as the day began to dawn, and fell at the door of the man's house where her master was, until it was light.
  • At daybreak the woman came and fell down at the doorway of the man’s house where her master was, until the light came.
27 When her master rose in the morning to go on his way, he opened the doors of the house and went out to go on his way, and behold, the woman, his concubine, was lying at the door of the house with her hands on the threshold.

Jud.19.27 - Details

Translation

When her master rose in the morning to go on his way, he opened the doors of the house and went out to go on his way, and behold, the woman, his concubine, was lying at the door of the house with her hands on the threshold.

Original Text

ויקם אדניה בבקר ויפתח דלתות הבית ויצא ללכת לדרכו והנה האשה פילגשו נפלת פתח הבית וידיה על־ הסף׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אדניה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בבקר: PREP
  • ויפתח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • דלתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ללכת: VERB,qal,inf
  • לדרכו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • והנה: ADV
  • האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • פילגשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • נפלת: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וידיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הסף: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:4-8 (verbal): Nighttime mob outside a house demanding sexual access to guests; Lot’s offer of his daughters and the men’s demand to “know” the visitors echo the language and moral situation in Judges 19 (both scenes frame the violation of strangers/guests).
  • 2 Samuel 13:10-14 (thematic): Amnon’s rape of his half-sister Tamar inside a private house and her subsequent disgrace and expulsion parallels the domestic sexual violence in Judges 19 and the resulting family/communal crisis.
  • Deuteronomy 22:25-27 (structural): Legal treatment of rape (distinguishing assaults in town and field) provides the law-code background for understanding sexual violence in Israelite narrative—relevant for judging the crime depicted in Judges 19.27.
  • Judges 19:29 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: the Levite’s dismembering of the concubine and sending the pieces to the tribes is a direct structural and thematic sequel to 19:27, showing how the found body at the threshold triggers the national outrage and campaign in chapters 20–21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And when her master rose up in the morning and opened the doors of the house to go out to his way, behold, the woman his concubine was fallen at the door of the house, with her hands on the threshold.
  • When her master rose up in the morning to go on his way, he opened the doors of the house and went out to depart; and behold, his concubine was lying at the door of the house, with her hands on the threshold.
28 He said to her, "Rise, let us be going." But there was no answer. Then the man put her on the donkey, and the man rose and went to his place.

Jud.19.28 - Details

Translation

He said to her, "Rise, let us be going." But there was no answer. Then the man put her on the donkey, and the man rose and went to his place.

Original Text

ויאמר אליה קומי ונלכה ואין ענה ויקחה על־ החמור ויקם האיש וילך למקמו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
  • קומי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • ונלכה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,_,pl
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • ענה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויקחה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg+PRON,3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • החמור: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • למקמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.19:25-30 (structural): Immediate narrative context: the concubine is abused, found at the door, dies, is placed on the donkey and then the husband returns home—these verses form the contiguous action of which v.28 is a part.
  • Gen.34:1-31 (thematic): Dinah’s rape and the violent, shame-driven communal response—parallels Judges 19 in themes of sexual violence, honor/shame, and subsequent social bloodshed.
  • 2 Sam.13:1-22 (thematic): Amnon’s rape of Tamar and the family fallout—another powerful parallel of sexual assault within Israel’s households and the tragic personal and political consequences.
  • 1 Sam.31:11-13 (thematic): Retrieval and treatment of bodies after violent death (Saul and his sons)—parallels the concern with transport/disposition of the dead following violent social conflict.
  • 2 Sam.12:20-23 (verbal): David’s reaction to the child’s death—‘he arose’ and ‘went’ (וַיָּקָם… וַיֵּלֶךְ) offers a verbal/behavioral echo of the brief, pragmatic movements recorded in Judges 19:28 after a death.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he said to her, "Rise, and let us be going." But there was no answer. Then the man put her on the donkey, and the man rose up and went away to his home.
  • He said to her, 'Get up, let us be going.' But there was no answer. Then the man put her on the donkey, and the man rose up and went to his place.
29 When he entered his house, he took a knife and laid hold of his concubine and divided her, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel.

Jud.19.29 - Details

Translation

When he entered his house, he took a knife and laid hold of his concubine and divided her, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel.

Original Text

ויבא אל־ ביתו ויקח את־ המאכלת ויחזק בפילגשו וינתחה לעצמיה לשנים עשר נתחים וישלחה בכל גבול ישראל׃

Morphology

  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • ביתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • המאכלת: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בפילגשו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • וינתחה: VERB,niphal,imperfect,3,f,sg
  • לעצמיה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3fs
  • לשנים: PREP+NUM,pl
  • עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
  • נתחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וישלחה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 34:25-31 (thematic): Sexual violence against a woman leads to extreme, collective violent response and shame placed on a community—similar theme of sexual assault triggering inter-family/tribal repercussions.
  • Judges 19:30 (verbal): Immediate narrative reaction to the dismemberment—characters declare the act unprecedented in Israel; direct continuation and comment on the event in v.29.
  • Judges 20:1-48 (structural): The national assembly and civil war of Israel against the tribe of Benjamin is the direct political and military consequence of the crime recounted in 19:29.
  • 2 Samuel 13:1-30 (thematic): The rape of Tamar by Amnon and the ensuing familial vengeance by Absalom share the themes of sexual violence within kinship networks and violent retribution with devastating social consequences.
  • Judges 21:1-25 (structural): The post-war measures to provide wives for the surviving Benjaminites show the long-term social/legal fallout and communal attempts at restoration following the atrocity recounted in 19:29.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And when he had come home, he took a knife, and divided the concubine, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel.
  • When he entered his house, he took a knife and laid hold of his concubine and divided her, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel.
30 And all who saw it said, "Nothing like this has ever been seen or done since the day the people of Israel came up from the land of Egypt until this day; consider it, take counsel, and speak."

Jud.19.30 - Details

Translation

And all who saw it said, "Nothing like this has ever been seen or done since the day the people of Israel came up from the land of Egypt until this day; consider it, take counsel, and speak."

Original Text

והיה כל־ הראה ואמר לא־ נהיתה ולא־ נראתה כזאת למיום עלות בני־ ישראל מארץ מצרים עד היום הזה שימו־ לכם עליה עצו ודברו׃

Morphology

  • והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • הראה: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נהיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נראתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • כזאת: DEM,f,sg
  • למיום: PREP+NOUN,masc,sg
  • עלות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • שימו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
  • עצו: VERB,piel,impv,2,pl
  • ודברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:4–11 (thematic): The mob’s attempt to assault Lot’s visitors in Sodom parallels the gang sexual violence against the Levite’s concubine—both portray collective sexual violence and communal wickedness judged by the narrative.
  • Genesis 34:1–31 (thematic): Dinah’s rape by Shechem and the violent retaliatory slaughter by Simeon and Levi echo the pattern of sexual violation within Israelite society followed by tribal violence and moral outrage.
  • 2 Samuel 13:1–22 (thematic): Amnon’s rape of Tamar within the royal family and the ensuing blood-feud that destabilizes the house of David parallel Judges 19’s intra‑Israelite sexual crime and its explosive social consequences.
  • Judges 20:1–48 (structural): The national outrage expressed in Judges 19:30 directly leads into Judges 20’s account of the Israelite assembly and civil war against Benjamin; the two passages function as parts of the same narrative episode.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And all who saw it said, "Such a thing has never been seen or done since the day that the children of Israel came up from the land of Egypt until this day; consider it, confer, and speak."
  • All who saw it said, 'Such a thing has never been seen or done, from the day that the people of Israel came up from the land of Egypt until this day; consider it, take counsel, and speak.'

In those days there was no king in Israel. A certain Levite was staying in the remote hill country of Ephraim; and he took to himself a concubine from Bethlehem of Judah. But the concubine played the harlot against him and went away to her father's house at Bethlehem of Judah, and she was there four months.

Then her husband arose and went after her to speak kindly to her and to bring her back; with him went his servant and two donkeys. So she brought him into her father's house; and when the girl's father saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.

The girl's father, the woman's father, held him and made him stay; and he remained with him three days. They ate and drank, and lodged there.

On the fourth day they rose early in the morning, and he prepared to go; but the girl's father said to his son‑in‑law, "Refresh your heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward you may go." So they sat down and ate both of them together. Then the girl's father said to the man, "Please, be willing to spend the night; comfort yourself." But the man arose to depart; and his father‑in‑law urged him, so he lodged there again.

On the fifth day they rose early to depart, but the girl's father said, "Strengthen your heart; spend the day and go in the evening." So they ate together.

Then the man—the Levite—rose to depart with his concubine and his servant. But the girl's father, the son‑in‑law, said to him, "Please be content to spend the night; see, the day is waning toward evening—lodge here; spend the night and be glad, and in the morning you may rise up early and go on your way."

Yet the man would not stay that night; he arose and departed and came opposite Jebus—that is, Jerusalem. With him were his concubine and his servant and two donkeys. Now the day was far spent, and the servant said to his master, "Come, let us turn aside into this Jebusite town and spend the night in it." But his master said to him, "We will not turn aside into a foreign town that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass on to Gibeah." And he said to the servant, "Come, let us draw near to one of these places and lodge in Gibeah or Ramah." So they passed and went; and the sun went down near Gibeah, which belongs to Benjamin.

They turned aside there to go in and lodge in Gibeah; and they sat down in the open square of the city, and no one took them into his house to spend the night.

Behold, an old man came in from his work in the field at evening. He was from the remote hill country of Ephraim and was staying in Gibeah; and the men of the place were Benjamites.

He lifted up his eyes and saw the traveler in the street of the city; and the old man said, "Where are you going, and where do you come from?" And he said to him, "We are passing from Bethlehem of Judah to the remote hill country of Ephraim. I went to Bethlehem of Judah, and I am going to the house of the LORD; there is no one to take me into his house."

The old man said, "Also we have straw and provender for your donkeys, and bread and wine for me and your servant and for the young man—there is no lack of anything."

The old man said, "Peace to you; only let all your needs be on me; only do not spend the night in the square." So he brought them into his house and made the donkeys ready; they washed their feet and ate and drank.

While they were making merry, behold, certain worthless fellows of the city, men of Belial, surrounded the house and beat the door. They said to the old man, the master of the house, "Bring out the man who came into your house, that we may know him."

Then the man, the master of the house, went out to them and said to them, "No, my brothers, do not act so wickedly; since this man has come into my house, do not commit this disgraceful act." But they would not listen to him. So the man took his virgin daughter and his concubine and brought them out to them; and they humbled them and abused them, and dealt with them shamefully; the man did not allow them to do this to his guest.

Yet the men would not heed him. So the man took his concubine and brought her out to them; and they knew her and abused her all night until morning; and when the morning began to dawn, they let her go.

Then the woman came as the day was dawning and fell down at the door of the man's house where her master was until full daylight.

When her master rose in the morning to go on his way, he opened the doors of the house and went out to go on his way, and behold, the woman, his concubine, was lying at the door of the house with her hands on the threshold.

He said to her, "Rise, let us be going." But there was no answer. Then the man put her on the donkey, and the man rose and went to his place.

When he entered his house, he took a knife and laid hold of his concubine and divided her, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel. And all who saw it said, "Nothing like this has ever been seen or done since the day the people of Israel came up from the land of Egypt until this day; consider it, take counsel, and speak."