Job on God's Sovereignty and His Complaint

Job 9:1-10:22

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 Then Job answered and said:

Job.9.1 - Details

Translation

Then Job answered and said:

Original Text

ויען איוב ויאמר׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 10:1 (structural): Another speech-opening by Job that begins a direct address to God; the same formulaic marker introduces a new speech/turn in the dialogue.
  • Job 21:1 (structural): Yet another instance where Job begins a reply with the same speech-introduction, marking a later cycle of responses (here introducing his extended argument about the wicked's prosperity).
  • Job 29:1 (structural): Speech-introduction used by Job to begin a reflective monologue about his former fortunes—parallels the formulaic device that frames Job's speeches throughout the dialogue.
  • Genesis 18:23 (verbal): Narrative use of וַיֹּאמֶר/וַיַּעַן to introduce a man's direct speech to God (Abraham's plea), showing the common biblical formula for launching a formal address or petition.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Job answered and said:
  • Then Job answered and said:
2 Truly I know that it is so; but how can a mortal be righteous before God?

Job.9.2 - Details

Translation

Truly I know that it is so; but how can a mortal be righteous before God?

Original Text

אמנם ידעתי כי־ כן ומה־ יצדק אנוש עם־ אל׃

Morphology

  • אמנם: PART
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • כן: ADV
  • ומה: CONJ+PRON,int
  • יצדק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • אל: NEG

Parallels

  • Job 4:17 (verbal): Eliphaz asks virtually the same rhetorical question—Can mortal be righteous before God?—echoing Job's concern about human justification before the divine.
  • Job 25:4 (verbal): Bildad's terse rhetorical question repeats the theme (How then can man be righteous before God?), reinforcing human insufficiency in relation to God.
  • Psalm 130:3 (thematic): Expresses the same idea of human inability to stand justified before God if God kept a record of sins—no one could withstand divine judgment.
  • Isaiah 64:6 (thematic): Declares that human 'righteous acts' are like filthy garments, highlighting the inadequacy of human righteousness before God, resonant with Job's question.
  • Romans 3:10-12 (thematic): Paul's pronouncement that 'there is no one righteous' parallels Job's concern about a person's ability to be right before God and develops the theme theologically in the NT.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Truly I know that this is so; but how can a man be justified before God?
  • Truly I know that it is so; but how can a mortal be right before God?
3 If one would contend with him, he would not answer him—one among a thousand.

Job.9.3 - Details

Translation

If one would contend with him, he would not answer him—one among a thousand.

Original Text

אם־ יחפץ לריב עמו לא־ יעננו אחת מני־ אלף׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • יחפץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לריב: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יעננו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אחת: NUM,f,sg
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 40:2 (verbal): Very close rhetorical challenge within Job: asking who can contend with or answer the Almighty, echoing the claim that no one can successfully answer God.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): Woe to one who strives with the Maker (clay vs. potter) — asserts the absurdity and futility of humans contending with God.
  • Romans 9:20 (allusion): Paul's rhetorical question 'Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?' echoes the OT theme that mortals cannot dispute or answer the Creator.
  • Isaiah 40:13-14 (thematic): Rhetorical questions about who has directed or counseled the LORD underscore that no one can instruct or successfully contend with God.
  • Romans 11:33 (thematic): Paul's declaration of the unsearchable judgments and inscrutable ways of God parallels Job's point that humans cannot answer or argue with God's wisdom and actions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If he desires to contend with him, he will not answer him even one time out of a thousand.
  • If one wished to contend with him, he would not answer him one of a thousand.
4 He is wise of heart and mighty in power; who has hardened himself against him and prospered?

Job.9.4 - Details

Translation

He is wise of heart and mighty in power; who has hardened himself against him and prospered?

Original Text

חכם לבב ואמיץ כח מי־ הקשה אליו וישלם׃

Morphology

  • חכם: ADJ,m,sg
  • לבב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואמיץ: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
  • כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • הקשה: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וישלם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 12:13 (verbal): Explicitly ascribes wisdom and strength to God ('With him are wisdom and might'), closely echoing Job 9:4's affirmation of God's wise heart and mighty power.
  • Proverbs 21:30 (verbal): Declares that no wisdom, understanding, or counsel can stand against the LORD, paralleling Job 9:4's rhetorical claim that none can successfully oppose God.
  • Isaiah 40:13-14 (thematic): Series of rhetorical questions about who can comprehend or give counsel to the LORD, thematically matching Job 9:4's challenge about who can resist or stand against God's power and wisdom.
  • Romans 11:33-34 (allusion): Paul borrows Isaiah's rhetorical questions ('Who has known the mind of the Lord?') to stress God's inscrutable wisdom and counsel, echoing Job 9:4's emphasis on God's unparalleled wisdom and strength.
  • Psalm 147:5 (thematic): Affirms the greatness of God's understanding ('Great is our Lord, and of great power: his understanding is infinite'), resonating with Job 9:4's portrayal of God's wise heart and mighty power.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He is wise in heart and mighty in power—who has resisted him and prospered?
  • He is wise in heart and mighty in power; who has hardened himself against him and come off unpunished?
5 He removes mountains, and they do not know it; he overturns them in his anger.

Job.9.5 - Details

Translation

He removes mountains, and they do not know it; he overturns them in his anger.

Original Text

המעתיק הרים ולא ידעו אשר הפכם באפו׃

Morphology

  • המעתיק: VERB,hif,ptc,3,m,sg,def
  • הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • הפכם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,obj:3,m,pl
  • באפו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+pr:3,m

Parallels

  • Psalm 18:7-8 (verbal): Describes the earth and mountains shaking at God's anger—language and imagery echo Job 9:5–6's motif of God overturning and moving mountains in wrath.
  • Psalm 46:2-3 (verbal): Speaks of mountains being moved into the heart of the sea and trembling before divine power, paralleling the image of God overturning mountains.
  • Habakkuk 3:6 (verbal): Portrays God causing ancient mountains to crumble and making the earth tremble—closely mirrors Job's depiction of God removing and overturning mountains in anger.
  • Nahum 1:5 (verbal): Declares that mountains quake and hills melt at God's presence, a direct thematic and verbal parallel to Job's assertion that God moves and overturns mountains.
  • Job 38:4-7 (structural): Part of God's speech about laying the earth's foundations and the establishment of its pillars; thematically relates to Job 9:5 by emphasizing God's sovereign control over mountains and the earth’s foundations.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He removes mountains without their knowing; when he overturns them in his anger they are carried away.
  • He moves mountains, and they do not know it; when he overturns them in his anger.
6 He shakes the earth from its place, and its pillars tremble.

Job.9.6 - Details

Translation

He shakes the earth from its place, and its pillars tremble.

Original Text

המרגיז ארץ ממקומה ועמודיה יתפלצון׃

Morphology

  • המרגיז: VERB,piel,ptc,-,m,sg
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ממקומה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
  • ועמודיה: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,fs
  • יתפלצון: VERB,hitpael,imperf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 18:7 (verbal): Describes the earth shaking and trembling at God’s wrath — closely parallels Job’s image of God overturning and shaking the earth and its foundations.
  • Psalm 104:32 (verbal): Speaks of God looking on the earth and causing it to tremble; similar verbal motif of the earth trembling at God’s action.
  • Nahum 1:5 (thematic): Images of mountains quaking and hills melting before God’s presence echo Job’s depiction of the earth and its pillars trembling under divine power.
  • Isaiah 24:18-20 (thematic): Portrays the earth reeling, staggering, and falling at the LORD’s judgment — thematically parallel to Job’s picture of cosmic upheaval when God acts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He shakes the earth from its place, and its pillars tremble.
  • He shakes the earth out of its place, and its pillars tremble.
7 He commands the sun, and it does not rise; he seals up the stars.

Job.9.7 - Details

Translation

He commands the sun, and it does not rise; he seals up the stars.

Original Text

האמר לחרס ולא יזרח ובעד כוכבים יחתם׃

Morphology

  • האמר: PTCP,qal,ptcp,ms,sg,def
  • לחרס: VERB,qal,inf
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יזרח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ובעד: CONJ+PREP
  • כוכבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יחתם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 38:12-13 (verbal): God rhetorically asks who has commanded the morning and shut the gates of dawn—closely echoing Job 9:7's image of divine control over sunrise and the onset of day.
  • Job 38:31 (verbal): Speaks of binding the chains of the Pleiades and loosening Orion—parallel language about God ordering or restraining the stars and constellations, resonant with 'sealing' the stars.
  • Isaiah 40:26 (thematic): Calls attention to the Creator who brings out the host of heaven and calls them by name, emphasizing divine sovereignty over the stars as in Job 9:7.
  • Amos 5:8 (verbal): Names the Pleiades and Orion and speaks of turning deep darkness into morning—similar motifs of control over celestial bodies and the coming/withholding of light.
  • Psalm 147:4 (thematic): Affirms that God determines the number of the stars and gives them names, underscoring the same theological point of God's authority over the heavens found in Job 9:7.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He commands the sun, and it does not shine; he seals up the stars.
  • He says to the dawn, 'Do not dawn,' and commands the stars, 'Be sealed.'
8 He alone stretches out the heavens and walks upon the waves of the sea.

Job.9.8 - Details

Translation

He alone stretches out the heavens and walks upon the waves of the sea.

Original Text

נטה שמים לבדו ודורך על־ במתי ים׃

Morphology

  • נטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לבדו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ודורך: CONJ+VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • במתי: PREP
  • ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:2-3 (verbal): Speaks of God ‘stretching out the heavens’ and laying beams on the waters — language and imagery parallel Job’s depiction of God stretching the heavens and acting over the sea.
  • Isaiah 45:12 (verbal): God declares he ‘stretched out the heavens’ and formed the earth — a direct verbal parallel to Job’s claim that God alone stretches the heavens.
  • Jeremiah 10:12 (verbal): Affirms that the Lord ‘made the earth by his power’ and ‘stretched out the heavens’ — repeats the same creative/zoetic formula found in Job 9:8.
  • Psalm 77:19 (thematic): Describes God’s way through the sea and that his ‘footprints’ were unseen — thematically echoes Job’s image of God treading on the waves of the sea.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He stretches out the heavens alone and walks on the surface of the sea.
  • He stretches out the heavens alone, and treads upon the waves of the sea.
9 He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the chambers of the south.

Job.9.9 - Details

Translation

He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the chambers of the south.

Original Text

עשה־ עש כסיל וכימה וחדרי תמן׃

Morphology

  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כסיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכימה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וחדרי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,const
  • תמן: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 38:31-33 (verbal): Direct verbal echo and development of the same motifs (Pleiades/כימה and Orion/כסיל). God challenges human power over the constellations, continuing the cosmic sovereignty theme.
  • Amos 5:8 (verbal): Names the Pleiades (כימה) and Orion (כסיל) as creations of God. Uses the same celestial imagery to attest God's creative control and moral demand on Israel.
  • Isaiah 40:26 (thematic): Invites the reader to behold the heavens and recognizes God as the creator who numbers and calls the stars by name—echoing Job's emphasis on God's mastery of the constellations.
  • Psalm 147:4 (thematic): Affirms that God counts the stars and gives them names, underscoring divine sovereignty over the night sky similar to the cosmic portrait in Job 9:9.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the chambers of the south.
  • He made Arcturus, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the chambers of the south.
10 He does great things beyond searching out, wonders beyond number.

Job.9.10 - Details

Translation

He does great things beyond searching out, wonders beyond number.

Original Text

עשה גדלות עד־ אין חקר ונפלאות עד־ אין מספר׃

Morphology

  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גדלות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • אין: PART,neg
  • חקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ונפלאות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • אין: PART,neg
  • מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 5:9 (verbal): Uses essentially the same wording about God doing great, unsearchable deeds and wonders without number—an internal verbal echo within Job.
  • Job 37:5 (verbal): Speaks of God doing 'great things' beyond human comprehension ('great things doeth he, which we cannot comprehend'), closely paralleling the language and theme of inscrutable divine acts.
  • Psalm 40:5 (thematic): Declares the many wondrous deeds of the Lord that cannot be fully recounted—echoes the idea of God's numerous, beyond-searching wonders.
  • Isaiah 25:1 (thematic): A hymn of praise for 'wonderful' acts God has done; thematically aligns with Job's emphasis on God's marvelous, unsearchable works.
  • Acts 2:22 (thematic): Describes Jesus as attested by God 'with mighty works and wonders and signs'—a New Testament instance of attributing innumerable wondrous acts to God's activity, echoing Job's motif.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He does great things without number and wonders beyond investigation.
  • He does great things beyond searching out, and wonders without number.
11 Behold, he passes by me, and I do not see him; he moves on, and I do not perceive him.

Job.9.11 - Details

Translation

Behold, he passes by me, and I do not see him; he moves on, and I do not perceive him.

Original Text

הן יעבר עלי ולא אראה ויחלף ולא־ אבין לו׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • יעבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אראה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • ויחלף: VERB,piel,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אבין: VERB,qal,imf,1,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 23:8-9 (verbal): Job expresses the same inability to find or perceive God: 'Behold, I go forward, but he is not there; backward, but I cannot perceive him'—close verbal and thematic parallel.
  • Isaiah 45:15 (allusion): 'Truly you are a God who hides himself'—explicit statement of divine hiddenness resonates with Job's complaint that God passes by unseen.
  • Psalm 77:19 (thematic): Describes God's way through the waters with 'your footprints were unseen'—a similar motif of God moving while human perception fails to trace him.
  • Psalm 10:1 (thematic): 'Why do you stand afar off, O LORD? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble?'—echoes the theme of God's apparent absence or hiddenness in distress, as in Job 9:11.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, he passes me by, and I do not perceive him; he goes by, and I do not see him.
  • Behold, he passes by me, and I do not see him; he moves on, and I cannot perceive him.
12 Behold, he takes away—who can hinder him? Who will say to him, ‘What are you doing?’

Job.9.12 - Details

Translation

Behold, he takes away—who can hinder him? Who will say to him, ‘What are you doing?’

Original Text

הן יחתף מי ישיבנו מי־ יאמר אליו מה־ תעשה׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • יחתף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • ישיבנו: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יאמר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Daniel 4:35 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language — God acts according to his will and 'none can stay his hand, or say unto him, What doest thou?' — echoing Job's claim that no one can question God.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (verbal): Rhetorical rebuke to those who question the Creator ('Woe to him who strives with his Maker... shall the clay say to him who formed it, What are you making?'), paralleling Job's theme of human inability to challenge God.
  • Isaiah 40:13-14 (thematic): Poses rhetorical questions about who can instruct or counsel God, reinforcing the theme of God's inscrutable wisdom and human inability to question his actions, as in Job 9:12.
  • Romans 9:20 (thematic): Paul's rhetorical challenge — 'Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?' — reflects the same theological stance that humans cannot properly question God's sovereign decisions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When he seizes, who can turn him back? Who will say to him, 'What are you doing?'
  • Behold, he seizes, who can turn him back? Who will say to him, 'What are you doing?'
13 God will not withdraw his anger; beneath him the helpers of Rahab bow down.

Job.9.13 - Details

Translation

God will not withdraw his anger; beneath him the helpers of Rahab bow down.

Original Text

אלוה לא־ ישיב אפו תחתיו שחחו עזרי רהב׃

Morphology

  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ישיב: VERB,hifil,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • אפו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff3ms
  • תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • שחחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עזרי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • רהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 74:13-14 (verbal): Uses the same Rahab/sea-monster imagery (crushing Rahab, breaking the heads of Leviathan) connecting God’s subduing of chaotic forces to the language in Job.
  • Psalm 89:10 (verbal): Speaks of God crushing Rahab like one slain and dispersing enemies—verbal parallel in the motif of God’s overpowering of Rahab.
  • Isaiah 51:9-10 (allusion): Calls on God who 'cut Rahab' and wounded the dragon—an allusion to the divine conquest of chaotic sea-monsters, echoing Job’s reference to Rahab and divine might.
  • Nahum 1:2-3 (thematic): Emphasizes the LORD’s wrath, vengeance, and refusal to leave the guilty unpunished—themeally parallels Job’s assertion that God would not turn back his anger.

Alternative generated candidates

  • God will not withdraw his anger; beneath him the helpers of Rahab bow down.
  • God will not withdraw his anger; beneath him the helpers of Rahab have stooped.
14 If I would answer him, I could not; I would choose my words with him.

Job.9.14 - Details

Translation

If I would answer him, I could not; I would choose my words with him.

Original Text

אף כי־ אנכי אעננו אבחרה דברי עמו׃

Morphology

  • אף: ADV
  • כי: CONJ
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • אעננו: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • אבחרה: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 9:3 (verbal): Closely related wording and idea: the impossibility of successfully contending with God ('If one wished to argue with him, one could not answer him one time in a thousand').
  • Job 40:4-5 (verbal): Job's later confession of inability to answer God ('Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee?... Once I have spoken, but I will not answer') echoes the theme of being unable to reply.
  • Romans 9:20 (allusion): Paul's rhetorical rebuke ('Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?') parallels the theme of human presumption in disputing with the divine will.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): The image of a creature disputing with its Maker ('Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker') expresses the same judgment about the futility of contending with God.
  • Isaiah 40:25 (thematic): God's unmatched transcendence ('To whom then will ye liken me?') undergirds the idea that humans cannot adequately answer or challenge the divine.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet though I were to answer him, I would choose my words against him.
  • How then can I answer him, choosing my words? Though I were righteous, I could not reply to my judge.
15 For if I were righteous, I could not answer him; I would appeal to my judge.

Job.9.15 - Details

Translation

For if I were righteous, I could not answer him; I would appeal to my judge.

Original Text

אשר אם־ צדקתי לא אענה למשפטי אתחנן׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אם: CONJ
  • צדקתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss1,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אענה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • למשפטי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • אתחנן: VERB,hitp,impf,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 9:3 (verbal): Expresses the same idea that it is impossible to contend with God—'who can answer him'—paralleling Job's claim that he cannot answer the Judge.
  • Job 40:3–5 (verbal): Later Job admits his inability to answer God ('Behold, I am vile... what shall I answer thee?') and silences himself, echoing the resignation in 9:15.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): Isaiah's rebuke against disputing the Maker ('Woe to him who strives with his Maker') parallels Job's recognition that mortals cannot successfully argue with God.
  • Romans 9:20 (allusion): Paul's rhetorical question ('Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?') reflects the same theological point as Job 9:15 about human inability to contest the divine Judge.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For if I were righteous, I could not answer my judge; I would appeal to my judge.
  • If I were to call and he answered me, I would not believe that he had heard my voice.
16 If I called and he answered me, I would not trust that he had listened to my voice.

Job.9.16 - Details

Translation

If I called and he answered me, I would not trust that he had listened to my voice.

Original Text

אם־ קראתי ויענני לא־ אאמין כי־ יאזין קולי׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • קראתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • ויענני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,obj1cs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אאמין: VERB,qal,impf,1,NA,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • יאזין: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • קולי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1

Parallels

  • Isaiah 50:2 (verbal): Uses the same motif and similar language of calling and finding no answer—“I called… was there none to answer?”—a close verbal/structural parallel to Job’s claim that even an answer would not convince him.
  • Habakkuk 1:2 (thematic): An anguished cry about calling to God without receiving a reply—shares the theme of pleading to God and experiencing apparent silence.
  • Psalm 22:2 (thematic): Expresses the experience of crying to God and feeling abandoned or unheard (“My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”), paralleling Job’s sense that his voice does not reach God.
  • Psalm 77:2–3 (structural): The psalmist recounts seeking the LORD in trouble and feeling that God did not answer, using a similar sequence (call → expectation of answer → doubt), structurally echoing Job’s statement.
  • Proverbs 1:24 (verbal): Reverses the scenario with the same vocabulary—“I called, and you refused”—providing a verbal counterpoint to Job’s lament about calling and (apparently) being unheard.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If I called and he answered me, I would not believe that he was listening to my voice.
  • For he crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds without cause.
17 For he crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds without cause.

Job.9.17 - Details

Translation

For he crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds without cause.

Original Text

אשר־ בשערה ישופני והרבה פצעי חנם׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בשערה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,f,sg
  • ישופני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • והרבה: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg,pref_vav
  • פצעי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1,sg
  • חנם: ADV

Parallels

  • Job 16:12 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel in which Job says God breaks him with breach upon breach and runs upon him like a giant; echoes the language of repeated assault and multiple wounds.
  • Psalm 38:5-8 (thematic): Psalmist speaks of corrupting wounds, bodily suffering and shame; thematically parallels Job’s experience of repeated, debilitating wounds and the language of physical affliction.
  • Isaiah 53:4-5 (thematic): The Suffering Servant bears grievous wounds and suffering on behalf of the innocent; thematically resonates with Job’s motif of undeserved wounds and vicarious/innocent suffering.
  • Lamentations 3:1-3 (thematic): The speaker describes being beset, smitten and trodden down continually by God’s hand—echoes the sense of repeated blows and prolonged affliction found in Job.
  • Psalm 22:14-16 (thematic): Vivid imagery of extreme bodily affliction (bones out of joint, heart like wax, pierced hands/feet); parallels Job’s portrayal of severe physical and existential suffering.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He breaks me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds without cause.
  • He will not let me catch my breath; he fills me with bitterness.
18 He will not allow my mouth relief; he fills me with bitterness.

Job.9.18 - Details

Translation

He will not allow my mouth relief; he fills me with bitterness.

Original Text

לא־ יתנני השב רוחי כי ישבעני ממררים׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יתנני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • השב: VERB,hif,imp,2,m,sg
  • רוחי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • כי: CONJ
  • ישבעני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ממררים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Job 7:11 (verbal): Uses the same vocabulary of complaint and bitterness (ממרר/ממררתי); both verses frame the speaker’s speech as born of inward bitterness and distress.
  • Job 10:1 (verbal): Job again declares he will 'speak in the bitterness of my soul,' repeating the verbal motif of being filled with/expressing bitterness.
  • Jeremiah 9:15 (thematic): God is pictured as giving the people 'wormwood' and 'water of gall' — a divine infliction that parallels the idea of God filling the sufferer with bitterness.
  • Lamentations 3:19-20 (thematic): Speaks of affliction, 'wormwood and gall,' and remembers intense bitterness and suffering — thematically close to Job’s sense of being filled with bitterness and denied relief.
  • Psalm 73:21-22 (thematic): The psalmist describes his heart and spirit as embittered (harshly afflicted), echoing Job’s language of an embittered/spirit-distressed inner state.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He will not allow me to catch my breath; he fills me with bitterness.
  • If I have strength, behold, he is mighty; and if I seek judgment, who will appoint me?
19 If it is by the power of the mighty—behold—yet if it is for judgment, who will appoint me?

Job.9.19 - Details

Translation

If it is by the power of the mighty—behold—yet if it is for judgment, who will appoint me?

Original Text

אם־ לכח אמיץ הנה ואם־ למשפט מי יועידני׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • לכח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אמיץ: ADJ,m,sg
  • הנה: PART
  • ואם: CONJ
  • למשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יועידני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 9:1-3 (structural): Immediate context: Job acknowledges human inability to dispute with God (‘who can answer him one out of a thousand’), directly framing the rhetorical question about strength and judgment in 9:19.
  • Job 9:32-33 (structural): Same speech: Job laments the absence of an umpire or mediator between him and God, developing the problem implicit in 9:19—who can arbitrate a just contest?
  • Job 16:19-21 (thematic): Job expresses the need for a heavenly witness/arbiter who would plead his case—another development of the theme of needing someone to stand for him in judgment.
  • Psalm 143:2 (thematic): Psalmist pleads that no one can stand justified before God’s judgment (‘Enter not into judgment with thy servant’), echoing Job’s sense of human inability to meet divine justice.
  • Isaiah 50:8-9 (thematic): The prophet speaks of one who will vindicate and contend on behalf of the righteous (‘who will contend with me?’), presenting a contrasting assurance to Job’s question about who will appoint or uphold him in judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If it is by might—behold, he is mighty; and if by justice, who will appoint me?
  • If my mouth would declare me innocent, he would condemn me; if I were upright, he would prove me perverse.
20 If I am innocent, my own mouth will condemn me; if I am blameless, he will prove me perverse.

Job.9.20 - Details

Translation

If I am innocent, my own mouth will condemn me; if I am blameless, he will prove me perverse.

Original Text

אם־ אצדק פי ירשיעני תם־ אני ויעקשני׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • אצדק: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • ירשיעני: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg+1cs
  • תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • ויעקשני: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 40:4-5 (structural): Job admits his inability to answer God—'Behold, I am vile... I lay my hand upon my mouth'—echoing the theme of being unable to vindicate oneself after attempting self-defense.
  • Proverbs 20:9 (verbal): Rhetorical question 'Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin?' parallels Job's claim that even if he were righteous his own mouth would condemn him.
  • Ecclesiastes 7:20 (thematic): The statement 'For there is not a righteous man on earth, that does good and sinneth not' parallels Job's recognition that personal righteousness cannot provide absolute vindication.
  • Isaiah 64:6 (thematic): Isaiah's 'all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags' resonates with Job's idea that claimed righteousness can be judged worthless or condemned.
  • Romans 3:10-12 (allusion): Paul's citation that 'none is righteous... no one does good' echoes the same conviction found in Job that no human can ultimately vindicate themselves before God's judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If I am righteous, my own mouth would condemn me; if I am blameless, he would prove me perverse.
  • Yet I am blameless; I do not know myself; I loathe my life.
21 I am blameless, yet I do not know it; I despise my life.

Job.9.21 - Details

Translation

I am blameless, yet I do not know it; I despise my life.

Original Text

תם־ אני לא־ אדע נפשי אמאס חיי׃

Morphology

  • תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אדע: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,_,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • אמאס: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חיי: NOUN,m,pl,cons

Parallels

  • Job 7:16 (verbal): Same verb and idea — the speaker declares he loathes/despises his life (Hebrew אמאס־/אמאסתי חיי), an almost identical self-revulsion.
  • Job 10:1 (thematic): Continues Job’s theme of weariness with life and complaint against God: the soul is weary of life and pours out bitter grievance, echoing Job 9:21’s self‑loathing.
  • Job 6:11 (thematic): Expresses the same loss of will to live—‘what strength have I that I should still hope… that I should prolong my life?’—matching Job 9:21’s rejection of life.
  • Psalm 88:3–5 (thematic): A lament of extreme desolation and nearness to death (‘my life draws near to Sheol’), paralleling Job 9:21’s mood of despair and loathing of life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I—blameless—I do not know; my soul loathes my life.
  • It is one thing—therefore I say, 'He destroys both the blameless and the wicked.'
22 It is all one—the same—therefore I said, ‘He destroys both the blameless and the wicked.’

Job.9.22 - Details

Translation

It is all one—the same—therefore I said, ‘He destroys both the blameless and the wicked.’

Original Text

אחת היא על־ כן אמרתי תם ורשע הוא מכלה׃

Morphology

  • אחת: NUM,f,sg
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ורשע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • מכלה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 9:2-3 (verbal): States that the same fate befalls the righteous and the wicked—'all have one breath'—echoing Job's claim that God brings both to ruin.
  • Ecclesiastes 7:15 (verbal): Solomon's observation 'I have seen everything... a righteous man perishes in his righteousness' parallels Job's assertion that the blameless share the same end as the wicked.
  • Job 21:7-16 (structural): Within the same speech Job questions why the wicked prosper and seem secure—developing the same problem of the apparent indiscriminate dealings of God that he articulates in 9:22.
  • Psalm 73:3-12 (thematic): Asaph laments the prosperity and ease of the wicked while the righteous suffer, reflecting the same tension about divine justice and outcome voiced by Job.
  • Proverbs 16:4 (allusion): Affirms that the LORD ordains destinies 'even the wicked for the day of trouble,' resonating with the theme that God determines the fate of both righteous and wicked.

Alternative generated candidates

  • It is all one; therefore I said, 'He destroys both the blameless and the wicked.'
  • If the scourge kills suddenly, he laughs at the collapse of the innocent.
23 When a scourge kills suddenly, he laughs at the calamity of the innocent.

Job.9.23 - Details

Translation

When a scourge kills suddenly, he laughs at the calamity of the innocent.

Original Text

אם־ שוט ימית פתאם למסת נקים ילעג׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • שוט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימית: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • פתאם: ADV
  • למסת: VERB,qal,inf
  • נקים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • ילעג: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Proverbs 1:26 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language of 'I will laugh at your calamity; I will mock when your fear cometh,' a direct verbal parallel about mocking another's disaster.
  • Psalm 10:6-11 (thematic): Describes the wicked saying God does not see and then oppressing the needy—them claiming divine indifference and trampling the innocent echoes the taunting of the innocent's calamity.
  • Psalm 73:3-9 (thematic): Complains that the wicked prosper and mock the righteous' suffering; thematically parallels the sense that calamity befalls the innocent while the wicked seem to gloat.
  • Job 24:1-12 (structural): Within Job itself: a sustained depiction of the wicked oppressing the innocent and escaping immediate judgment, echoing the complaint that calamity strikes the blameless and appears to be mocked.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When the scourge slays suddenly, he mocks the plea of the innocent.
  • The earth is given into the hand of the wicked; he has covered the faces of its judges. If not him, then who?
24 The earth is given into the hand of the wicked; its judges he covers—if not, then who is it?

Job.9.24 - Details

Translation

The earth is given into the hand of the wicked; its judges he covers—if not, then who is it?

Original Text

ארץ ׀ נתנה ביד־ רשע פני־ שפטיה יכסה אם־ לא אפוא מי־ הוא׃

Morphology

  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נתנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • רשע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • שפטיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3f
  • יכסה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אפוא: PART
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 59:14-15 (thematic): Speaks of judgment turned back and justice standing afar off—parallels Job's complaint that the world is given over to the wicked and justice is perverted.
  • Proverbs 28:12 (thematic): When the wicked rise, people hide themselves; reflects the motif of wicked dominance and the suppression or covering of rightful judgment.
  • Ecclesiastes 8:11 (structural): Because punishment for evil is not executed quickly, evil increases—echoes the observation that the earth is 'given into the hand of the wicked' when justice does not act.
  • Micah 3:11 (verbal): Accuses leaders and judges of judging for a bribe and perverting justice—the concrete image of corrupted judges parallels 'covering the faces of its judges.'
  • Psalm 73:12-13 (thematic): Laments the prosperity and apparent impunity of the wicked, resonating with Job's sense that the wicked hold sway over the earth and its judgments.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The earth is given into the hand of the wicked; he conceals the faces of its judges—if not, then who is it?
  • My days are swifter than a runner; they flee away, they do not see good.
25 My days are swifter than a runner; they flee away—they see no prosperity.

Job.9.25 - Details

Translation

My days are swifter than a runner; they flee away—they see no prosperity.

Original Text

וימי קלו מני־ רץ ברחו לא־ ראו טובה׃

Morphology

  • וימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs+conj
  • קלו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • רץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ברחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • טובה: ADJ,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 7:6 (verbal): Both verses use an image of swift motion to describe the fleetingness of life—Job 9:25 'swifter than a runner' parallels Job 7:6 'swifter than a weaver's shuttle.'
  • Psalm 39:5 (verbal): Psalm 39:5 ('Behold, thou hast made my days as an handbreadth') similarly portrays human life as very short and insubstantial, echoing Job's complaint that his days flee and see no good.
  • Psalm 102:11 (verbal): Psalm 102:11 ('My days are like a shadow that declineth') uses the image of passing shadow to express the transience of life, closely paralleling Job 9:25's emphasis on rapidly fleeing days.
  • Psalm 90:5–6 (thematic): Psalm 90 depicts human life as brief and like grass that withers within a day—a thematic parallel emphasizing the brevity and fragility of life found in Job 9:25.
  • James 4:14 (thematic): James 4:14 ('you are a mist that appears for a little time and then vanishes') echoes the biblical motif of life's transience that Job 9:25 expresses—human days pass swiftly and are of little lasting good.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My days are swifter than a runner; they flee—they see no good.
  • They pass by like ships; as an eagle that swoops to devour.
26 They pass by like boats of rushes, like an eagle that swoops on its prey.

Job.9.26 - Details

Translation

They pass by like boats of rushes, like an eagle that swoops on its prey.

Original Text

חלפו עם־ אניות אבה כנשר יטוש עלי־ אכל׃

Morphology

  • חלפו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • עם: PREP
  • אניות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כנשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יטוש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Habakkuk 1:8 (verbal): Uses virtually the same phrase—'they fly as an eagle that hasteth to eat'—portraying swift, predatory movement; a close verbal parallel to Job's eagle image.
  • Deuteronomy 28:49 (thematic): Describes invaders coming 'as the eagle that flieth,' employing the eagle-simile for sudden, distant, and swift attackers—theme of rapid, destructive arrival similar to Job 9:26.
  • Proverbs 23:5 (thematic): Uses the image of sudden flight—wealth 'sprouts wings' or 'flies away like an eagle'—sharing the motif of abrupt vanishing and the eagle as symbol of swift departure.
  • Isaiah 40:31 (thematic): Employs eagle imagery ('they shall mount up with wings as eagles') to convey speed and soaring power; thematically related through the use of the eagle as emblem of rapid motion (contrast in tone with Job's predatory eagle).
  • Job 9:25 (structural): Immediate context within Job: verse 9:25 speaks of the swiftness and transience of his days—connects structurally and thematically to the rapid, fleeting motion described in 9:26.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They pass like skiffs, like an eagle swooping to prey.
  • If I say, 'I will forget my complaint, I will put off my sad face and be cheerful,'
27 If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will put off my sad face and be of good cheer,’

Job.9.27 - Details

Translation

If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will put off my sad face and be of good cheer,’

Original Text

אם־ אמרי אשכחה שיחי אעזבה פני ואבליגה׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • אמרי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
  • אשכחה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • שיחי: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • אעזבה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ואבליגה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Job 10:1 (verbal): Job there uses almost identical language about giving voice to his complaint and the 'bitterness' of his soul—both verses depict an effort to restrain grief that nonetheless breaks out.
  • Job 7:11 (verbal): Earlier in Job he likewise speaks of not keeping silent and complaining in the bitterness of his soul; parallels the struggle between wanting to hold back and being compelled to lament.
  • Jeremiah 20:9 (verbal): Jeremiah states that if he tries to stop speaking of the LORD, a 'burning fire' is shut in his bones—a close verbal and thematic parallel: resolve to be silent or forget, but inner turmoil prevents it.
  • Psalm 77:3 (thematic): The psalmist remembers God and is troubled, complaining so that his spirit is overwhelmed—themes of attempting to cope with anguish yet being overtaken by it echo Job 9:27.
  • Psalm 39:2–3 (Hebrew numbering 39:3–4) (thematic): The speaker tries to hold his tongue and keep silent, but his distress grows until he breaks his silence—similar tension between suppression of complaint and its inevitable expression.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If I say, 'I will forget my complaint, I will put off my sad face and be merry,'
  • I am terrified by all my suffering—for I know that you will not acquit me.
28 I dread all my toil; I know that you will not vindicate me.

Job.9.28 - Details

Translation

I dread all my toil; I know that you will not vindicate me.

Original Text

יגרתי כל־ עצבתי ידעתי כי־ לא תנקני׃

Morphology

  • יגרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • כל: DET
  • עצבתי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תנקני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg+1cs

Parallels

  • Job 19:7-9 (thematic): Both passages express Job's sense of abandonment and the conviction that he will not receive vindication or help from God; a lament over being blocked from justice.
  • Job 13:23-24 (verbal): Directly related courtroom language and plea to God—Job asks why God hides his face and why he will not pardon or clear him, echoing the charge that God will not acquit (תנקני).
  • Psalm 43:1 (structural): A formal plea for vindication ('Vindicate me, O God') that stands as a thematic counterpoint to Job's resigned conviction that God will not vindicate him.
  • Psalm 88:14-18 (thematic): A prolonged cry of despair in which the speaker feels rejected and unheard by God, paralleling Job's hopeless expectation that God will not clear or answer him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I would be afraid of all my suffering; I know that you will not clear me of guilt.
  • I am wicked—why then do I toil in vain?
29 I am wicked—why, then, do I labor in vain?

Job.9.29 - Details

Translation

I am wicked—why, then, do I labor in vain?

Original Text

אנכי ארשע למה־ זה הבל איגע׃

Morphology

  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • ארשע: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • למה: ADV
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • הבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • איגע: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 9:20 (verbal): Same speech cycle in Job: admission of personal guilt and the futility of defense—‘If I justify myself, my own mouth would condemn me,’ close in tone to ‘I am wicked—why then do I toil in vain?’.
  • Isaiah 49:4 (verbal): Isaiah uses nearly identical language about fruitless effort: ‘I have labored in vain, I have spent my strength for nothing,’ echoing Job’s complaint of toil being vain.
  • Psalm 73:13–14 (thematic): The psalmist laments that keeping a pure heart seems useless when the wicked prosper—‘Surely in vain have I kept my heart clean…’—paralleling Job’s sense that his efforts are futile.
  • Ecclesiastes 2:22–23 (thematic): Qohelet reflects on the futility of human labor and suffering—‘For what has a man from all the toil and anxious striving…’—resonating with Job’s question about the point of his toil if it yields only vanity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I am wicked—why then should I toil in vain?
  • If I wash myself with snow and cleanse my hands with lye,
30 If I wash myself with snow and cleanse my hands with soap,

Job.9.30 - Details

Translation

If I wash myself with snow and cleanse my hands with soap,

Original Text

אם־ התרחצתי במי־ שלג והזכותי בבר כפי׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • התרחצתי: VERB,hitpael,perf,1,_,sg
  • במי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שלג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והזכותי: VERB,hifil,perf,1,_,sg
  • בבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כפי: PREP

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 2:22 (verbal): Uses the same image of washing with lye/soap yet remaining unclean—echoes Job’s idea that ritual washing cannot remove the stain in God’s sight.
  • Psalm 73:13-14 (verbal): The psalmist complains that cleansing his heart and washing his hands is in vain because he continues to suffer—closely parallels Job’s assertion that personal purification does not avert divine judgment.
  • Psalm 26:6 (verbal): Declaration of washing hands in innocence—shares the motif of ritual/ethical washing as a claim to purity, which Job immediately puts in tension with God’s response.
  • Ezekiel 36:25 (thematic): God’s promise to sprinkle clean water and effect true cleansing contrasts human efforts at washing (Job’s image) with divine, transformative purification.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If I wash myself with snow and cleanse my hands with lye,
  • yet you would plunge me into the pit, and my own clothes would abhor me.
31 yet you would plunge me into a pit, and my own garments would abhor me.

Job.9.31 - Details

Translation

yet you would plunge me into a pit, and my own garments would abhor me.

Original Text

אז בשחת תטבלני ותעבוני שלמותי׃

Morphology

  • אז: ADV
  • בשחת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תטבלני: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg,suf:1cs
  • ותעבוני: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg,suf:1cs
  • שלמותי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,suf:1cs

Parallels

  • Job 9:32-33 (structural): Immediate context: Job explains he cannot answer God in judgment and there is no arbiter between them — continuing the theme of inability to contest God expressed in 9:31.
  • Job 16:19-21 (thematic): Job elsewhere voices hope for a heavenly witness/advocate (‘my witness is in heaven, my advocate is on high’), addressing the same problem of no human mediator when God opposes him.
  • Psalm 143:2 (Heb. 143:2/MT 142:2) (verbal): ‘Enter not into judgment with thy servant; for in thy sight shall no man living be justified’ echoes Job’s sense that one cannot successfully contest God’s judgment.
  • Isaiah 59:16 (allusion): Isaiah notes there was no intercessor/mediator until God himself acted (‘he saw there was no man, and wondered that there was no intercessor’), paralleling Job’s complaint about the lack of an arbiter between him and God.
  • Psalm 26:1 (thematic): ‘Vindicate me, O LORD; for I have walked in mine integrity’ parallels Job’s concern about his integrity being despised or weighed despite his claim to innocence.

Alternative generated candidates

  • yet you would plunge me into a pit, and my own clothes would abhor me.
  • For there is not a man like me to answer him, to come together in judgment.
32 For there is no arbitrator between us who might lay his hand on us both.

Job.9.32 - Details

Translation

For there is no arbitrator between us who might lay his hand on us both.

Original Text

כי־ לא־ איש כמני אעננו נבוא יחדו במשפט׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כמני: PREP,1,sg
  • אעננו: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • נבוא: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • יחדו: ADV
  • במשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 23:19 (verbal): Uses the same contrast between God and human nature—'God is not a man'—underscoring the essential dissimilarity that Job appeals to in arguing he cannot argue with God as an equal.
  • Hosea 11:9 (verbal): Declares 'I am God, and not a man,' a close verbal and theological counterpart emphasizing God's otherness and moral sovereignty over human complaint or judgment.
  • Isaiah 40:18 (thematic): Rhetorical question about likening God to anything or anyone—thematises God's incomparability to humans, the same idea motivating Job's claim that he cannot meet God on human terms.
  • 1 Timothy 2:5 (allusion): Addresses the mediatorial problem implicit in Job 9:32–33: whereas Job insists there is no daysman/mediator between him and God, 1 Timothy affirms the necessity and presence of a mediator (Christ) between God and humanity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For there is no arbiter between us, no one to lay his hand on us both.
  • There is no arbiter between us, who might lay his hand upon us both.
33 There is no mediator between us who could set his hand upon us both.

Job.9.33 - Details

Translation

There is no mediator between us who could set his hand upon us both.

Original Text

לא יש־ בינינו מוכיח ישת ידו על־ שנינו׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בינינו: PREP,1,c,pl
  • מוכיח: VERB,piel,part,3,m,sg
  • ישת: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • שנינו: PRON,1,du

Parallels

  • Job 9:32 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter: Job argues there is no parity or forum in which he and God can meet as equals — both verses emphasize absence of a mutually binding arbiter or judicial setting.
  • Job 16:21 (thematic): Job expresses a longing for someone to plead with God on behalf of a man (an intercessor); thematically parallels the desire for an arbiter who might mediate between God and Job.
  • Isaiah 59:16 (verbal): Isaiah says God 'saw that there was no man' and 'wondered that there was no one to intercede,' using similar language about the absence of an intercessor/arbiter between God and humanity.
  • 1 Timothy 2:5 (thematic): New Testament statement that there is one mediator between God and men (Christ Jesus) stands in thematic contrast to Job’s lament that no arbiter exists who can lay a hand on both parties.

Alternative generated candidates

  • There is no one to interpose between us to remove his rod from me and to forbid him from terrorizing me.
  • Let him remove his rod from upon me, and let not his terror frighten me.
34 Let him remove his rod from upon me, and let not his dread terrify me.

Job.9.34 - Details

Translation

Let him remove his rod from upon me, and let not his dread terrify me.

Original Text

יסר מעלי שבטו ואמתו אל־ תבעתני׃

Morphology

  • יסר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מעלי: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • שבטו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,pr:3,m
  • ואמתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • אל: NEG
  • תבעתני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 6:1 (verbal): A direct plea asking God not to rebuke or chasten in anger—parallel language to Job's request that God's rod/discipline be removed.
  • Lamentations 3:33 (thematic): Affirms that God's affliction is not arbitrary or vindictive, touching the theme of divine discipline that Job begs to have removed.
  • Proverbs 3:11-12 (thematic): Frames suffering as the LORD's loving chastening ('whom the LORD loves he corrects'), offering a wisdom-theology counterpart to Job's rejection of divine discipline.
  • Hebrews 12:5-6 (quotation): Cites Proverbs' teaching on divine chastening ('whom the Lord loves he chastens') and interprets affliction as fatherly discipline—an interpretive response to the kind of plea Job makes.
  • Psalm 119:75 (thematic): Expresses trust that God's judgments are right and afflicting may be faithful, providing a contrasting posture of acceptance to Job's appeal to have God's rod removed.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let his terror be removed from me; let not his dread terrify me.
  • Then I would speak and not fear him; but it is not so with me.
35 Then I would speak, and not fear him; for I am not such as I am of myself.

Job.9.35 - Details

Translation

Then I would speak, and not fear him; for I am not such as I am of myself.

Original Text

אדברה ולא איראנו כי לא־ כן אנכי עמדי׃

Morphology

  • אדברה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • איראנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • כן: ADV
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • עמדי: PREP+1cs

Parallels

  • Job 13:3 (verbal): Job explicitly states the same desire to argue his case with God—very close verbal parallel in which the speaker insists on speaking to the Almighty.
  • Job 23:3-5 (verbal): Job expresses a wish to find God’s dwelling and present his case before Him; shares the same forensic language of pleading and debating with God.
  • Jeremiah 12:1 (thematic): The prophet poses a complaint to Yahweh and frames it as a plea to argue or plead his case before God—parallel theme of disputing/pleading with the divine judge.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): Uses the motif of contending with the Maker; thematically related as a divine-human dispute, but here as a rebuke against disputing God's justice.
  • Habakkuk 1:2 (thematic): A direct complaint addressed to God about injustice and apparent silence—shares the tone of addressing and demanding account from God even when an answer seems absent.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I would speak and not fear him; for I am not such as to stand against him alone.
1 My soul is weary of my life; I will give free vent to my complaint— I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.

Job.10.1 - Details

Translation

My soul is weary of my life; I will give free vent to my complaint— I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.

Original Text

נקטה נפשי בחיי אעזבה עלי שיחי אדברה במר נפשי׃

Morphology

  • נקטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • בחיי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss
  • אעזבה: VERB,qal,impf,1,NA,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • שיחי: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • אדברה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • במר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs

Parallels

  • Job 3:11 (structural): Within the same book Job opens his first great lament wishing he had not been born—parallel expression of loathing life and bitter complaint.
  • Ecclesiastes 4:2-3 (thematic): Speaks of the dead being better off and that it would be better never to have been born—theme of preferring nonexistence to present life mirrors Job’s sentiment.
  • Jonah 4:3 (thematic): Jonah begs God to take his life, saying it is better for him to die than live—similar personal desire for death born of anguish with God’s dealings.
  • Psalm 88:3-4 (thematic): A deeply despondent lament describing life full of troubles and nearness to death; shares Job’s tone of despair and bitter suffering.
  • Lamentations 3:20-21 (thematic): The prophet recalls affliction and bitterness of soul; both texts voice intense inward anguish and resolve to dwell on bitter complaint.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My soul grows weary of my life; I will give free rein to my complaint; I will speak in the bitterness of my spirit.
  • My soul is weary of my life; I will speak in the bitterness of my soul; I will complain in the bitterness of my spirit.
2 O God, do not condemn me; show me why you contend with me.

Job.10.2 - Details

Translation

O God, do not condemn me; show me why you contend with me.

Original Text

אמר אל־ אלוה אל־ תרשיעני הודיעני על מה־ תריבני׃

Morphology

  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • תרשיעני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • הודיעני: VERB,hiph,impv,2,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • מה: PRON,int
  • תריבני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 13:23 (verbal): Uses the same verb הוֹדִיעֵנִי/הודיעני (“make/let me know”) and likewise asks God to disclose the reason for divine action against the speaker—direct verbal parallel within Job's speeches.
  • Psalm 13:1-2 (thematic): A lamentary question to God—’How long, O LORD…? Why do you hide your face?’—echoing Job’s demand to be told why God contends with or seems to abandon him.
  • Psalm 22:1 (thematic): ’My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’—a poignant, personal question of divine abandonment that parallels Job’s appeal for explanation of God’s hostile dealings.
  • Habakkuk 1:2-4 (thematic): ’O LORD, how long shall I cry, and you will not hear?... why do you look on wrong?’—a prophetic complaint that, like Job 10:2, challenges God about apparent injustice and asks for an account.
  • Jeremiah 12:1-2 (thematic): ’Righteous are you... yet let me plead with you about your judgments; why does the way of the wicked prosper?’—a bold interrogation of God’s justice comparable to Job’s request to be told why God contends with him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will say to God, 'Do not condemn me; show me what charge you bring against me.'
  • O God, do not declare me guilty; tell me why you contend with me.
3 Is it good for you to oppress, to despise the work of your hands and favor the counsel of the wicked?

Job.10.3 - Details

Translation

Is it good for you to oppress, to despise the work of your hands and favor the counsel of the wicked?

Original Text

הטוב לך ׀ כי־ תעשק כי־ תמאס יגיע כפיך ועל־ עצת רשעים הופעת׃

Morphology

  • הטוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • תעשק: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • תמאס: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • יגיע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כפיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • עצת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
  • רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הופעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 9:22-24 (verbal): Job earlier charges that God treats blameless and wicked alike and questions divine justice—language and complaint closely parallel the accusation in 10:3.
  • Job 21:7-13 (thematic): Job observes the prosperity and apparent impunity of the wicked, echoing 10:3’s complaint that God seems to favor the designs of the wicked while afflicting the speaker.
  • Psalm 10:3-4 (thematic): The psalmist protests that the wicked prosper and scoff at God; both texts question why God allows or appears to approve the success of the wicked.
  • Psalm 73:12 (thematic): ’Behold, these are the wicked…’ — Psalm 73 also grapples with the prosperity of the wicked and the seeming injustice of God’s ways, paralleling Job’s complaint.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Is it good for you to oppress, to despise the work of your hands and to favor the designs of the wicked?
  • Does it please you to oppress, to despise the work of your hands and favor the designs of the wicked?
4 Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see as a mortal sees?

Job.10.4 - Details

Translation

Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see as a mortal sees?

Original Text

העיני בשר לך אם־ כראות אנוש תראה׃

Morphology

  • העיני: NOUN,f,pl,abs+1cs
  • בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • כראות: VERB,qal,inf_abs
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תראה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 16:7 (verbal): Direct contrast between divine and human sight—'the LORD sees not as man sees' echoes Job's rhetorical question about God having 'eyes of flesh.'
  • Numbers 23:19 (thematic): Affirms that God is not a human being (nor does He act like one), responding to the implied challenge in Job's question whether God perceives as a mortal does.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (verbal): 'The eyes of the LORD are in every place' underscores God's far-seeing, non-fleshly vision, contrasting human limited sight mentioned in Job 10:4.
  • Psalm 139:1-3 (allusion): Describes God's intimate knowledge and perception—He 'knows' and 'searches' thoughts and ways—highlighting that divine seeing transcends ordinary physical sight.
  • Job 34:21 (verbal): Within the same book, similar language about God's gaze ('his eyes are on the ways of mortals') echoes the motif that God's perception is not limited to human, fleshly sight.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Are your eyes like those of a mortal, that you should see as a man sees?
  • Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see as a man sees?
5 Are your days like a mortal’s days, your years like a man’s years,

Job.10.5 - Details

Translation

Are your days like a mortal’s days, your years like a man’s years,

Original Text

הכימי אנוש ימיך אם־ שנותיך כימי גבר׃

Morphology

  • הכימי: ADV
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
  • אם: CONJ
  • שנותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+poss_2ms
  • כימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs+sim
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:15-16 (verbal): Direct verbal/theme parallel: 'As for man, his days are like grass...' — emphasizes the brevity and transience of human life, echoing Job's question about human days.
  • Psalm 90:4 (thematic): Contrasts divine eternity with human time: 'For a thousand years in your sight are but as yesterday' — relates to Job's rhetorical challenge whether God's days are like a man's.
  • Job 14:1-2 (structural): Internal parallel in Job: 'Man who is born of a woman is of few days and full of trouble; he comes forth like a flower and withers' — same theme of human frailty and limited years.
  • Psalm 39:4-5 (verbal): Prayerful reflection on life's brevity: 'Make me to know my end... You have made my days a few handbreadths' — echoes Job's concern with the shortness of human days.
  • Isaiah 40:6-8 (allusion): Universal portrayal of human transience: 'All flesh is grass... the grass withers' — thematically mirrors Job's question about the nature and length of human life compared to the divine.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Are your days like the days of a man, your years like a man's years,
  • Are your days like a man's days, your years like a mortal's,
6 that you should seek out my iniquity and probe my sin?

Job.10.6 - Details

Translation

that you should seek out my iniquity and probe my sin?

Original Text

כי־ תבקש לעוני ולחטאתי תדרוש׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • תבקש: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
  • לעוני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • ולחטאתי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • תדרוש: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms

Parallels

  • Job 13:23 (verbal): Same speaker asking God to identify his sins: 'How many are my iniquities and my sins? Make me know my transgression and my sin,' closely echoing the appeal/charge about God searching out his faults.
  • Psalm 139:23-24 (verbal): Directly parallel motif of God 'searching' the person: 'Search me, O God, and know my heart,' contrasting Job's complaint that God seeks out his iniquities.
  • Psalm 19:12 (verbal): Petition to be cleansed from hidden faults ('Who can discern his errors? Cleanse me from secret faults')—a close verbal/thematic parallel to concern about hidden sins being sought out.
  • Psalm 130:3 (thematic): Theological parallel about God 'marking' iniquities: 'If you, O LORD, should mark iniquities, O Lord, who could stand?'—resonates with Job's sense of being examined for guilt.
  • Lamentations 3:40 (structural): Call to self-examination ('Let us test and examine our ways, and return to the LORD') mirrors the broader theme of inspection of deeds—here framed as communal testing rather than divine searching.

Alternative generated candidates

  • that you should seek out my iniquity and search after my sin?
  • that you seek out my iniquity and search after my sin,
7 You know that I am not wicked, and there is none to deliver me from your hand.

Job.10.7 - Details

Translation

You know that I am not wicked, and there is none to deliver me from your hand.

Original Text

על־ דעתך כי־ לא ארשע ואין מידך מציל׃

Morphology

  • על: PREP
  • דעתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ארשע: VERB,qal,impf,1,ms,sg
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • מידך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • מציל: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:39 (verbal): The divine claim that none can "deliver out of my hand" (or similar) echoes the helplessness before God's hand found in Job 10:7—both stress God's sovereign power of life and death and the impossibility of rescue from it.
  • Isaiah 43:13 (verbal): Isaiah's declaration that no one can deliver from God's hand parallels Job's sense that there is 'no rescuer from your hand,' highlighting the theme of inescapable divine control.
  • Job 27:4 (thematic): Job's insistence on his own integrity ('my lips shall not speak wickedness') resonates with Job 10:7's claim 'that I am not wicked,' reflecting the recurrent theme of Job's protestation of innocence.
  • Job 31:35-37 (structural): In both passages Job frames his case in legal/forensic terms—calling for witnesses and asserting his righteousness—so Job 10:7's plea about his innocence and the absence of a rescuer fits the book's courtroom motif.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Are you punishing me for your knowledge that I am not guilty, and that there is no one to rescue from your hand?
  • though you know that I am not wicked and that no one can deliver from your hand?
8 Your hands fashioned me and made me, and now you would destroy me.

Job.10.8 - Details

Translation

Your hands fashioned me and made me, and now you would destroy me.

Original Text

ידיך עצבוני ויעשוני יחד סביב ותבלעני׃

Morphology

  • ידיך: NOUN,f,pl,cs,2ms
  • עצבוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויעשוני: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יחד: ADV
  • סביב: ADV
  • ותבלעני: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 119:73 (verbal): Nearly identical phrasing: 'Your hands have made me and fashioned me' echoes Job's claim that God's hands formed him—direct verbal parallel about God as craftsman of the person.
  • Psalm 139:13 (thematic): Speaks of God forming/knitting the psalmist in the womb ('You formed my inward parts'), paralleling Job's emphasis on being fashioned by God's hands (the theme of divine formation).
  • Genesis 2:7 (thematic): God's direct formation of humanity from the dust ('the LORD God formed man...') corresponds to Job's assertion that God himself shaped and made him—shared theme of divine creation of the individual.
  • Isaiah 64:8 (allusion): 'We are the clay, and you are our potter' uses the potter/creator image to describe God's shaping of people, echoing Job's depiction of God as the one who fashioned him (creator-sculptor motif).
  • Jeremiah 18:6 (allusion): The potter imagery ('Can I not do with you, O house of Israel... like the clay in the potter's hand?') parallels Job's sense of being formed and thus subject to the potter's will—linking divine formation with God's authority over the formed object.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Your hands fashioned me and made me; now you would destroy me.
  • Your hands fashioned me and made me altogether, yet you would now destroy me.
9 Remember that you have made me like clay, and will you return me to the dust?

Job.10.9 - Details

Translation

Remember that you have made me like clay, and will you return me to the dust?

Original Text

זכר־ נא כי־ כחמר עשיתני ואל־ עפר תשיבני׃

Morphology

  • זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נא: PART
  • כי: CONJ
  • כחמר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשיתני: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • עפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תשיבני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 2:7 (thematic): God forming humanity from the earth (clay/dust): Job's claim that God made him like clay echoes the creation motif of man formed from the ground.
  • Genesis 3:19 (verbal): “to dust you shall return” language: Job’s fear of being returned to dust parallels the Genesis pronouncement that humans are dust and will return to dust.
  • Psalm 103:14 (verbal): God’s remembrance of human frailty: both verses state that God knows/remembers that humans are dust/clay, emphasizing human frailty and divine awareness.
  • Isaiah 64:8 (allusion): Cloth/potter imagery: Isaiah’s ‘we are the clay, you are the potter’ directly parallels Job’s image of being made like clay—both portray God as shaper of human existence.
  • Romans 9:20-21 (allusion): Potter-and-clay theological argument: Paul’s use of the potter imagery alludes to the same creator–creature relationship expressed by Job (and Isaiah), applying the clay metaphor to God’s authority over human destiny.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Remember that you have made me like clay; and will you return me to the dust?
  • Remember that you have made me like clay; and will you return me to the dust?
10 Did you not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese?

Job.10.10 - Details

Translation

Did you not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese?

Original Text

הלא כחלב תתיכני וכגבנה תקפיאני׃

Morphology

  • הלא: PART
  • כחלב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תתיכני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • וכגבנה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תקפיאני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 10:8 (structural): Immediate context: Job continues the image of God as creator/crafter who has formed him (clothed him with skin and flesh), linking directly to the milk/cheese imagery of being formed and handled.
  • Job 10:9 (verbal): Close parallel within the speech: Job uses the language of being made and returned (clay/dust), reinforcing the theme of divine formation and subsequent threat of destruction.
  • Psalm 139:13-15 (verbal): God as craftsman who 'formed' and 'knitted' the speaker in the womb—shares the motif of intimate, bodily formation by God analogous to Job’s imagery of being shaped/curdled.
  • Jeremiah 1:5 (thematic): Declares divine formation and purpose before birth ('formed you in the womb'), echoing the theme of God’s control over human formation that Job laments.
  • Genesis 2:7 (thematic): The primal account of God forming man (from the dust) highlights the broader biblical theme of God as maker of the human body, parallel to Job’s complaint about how God has fashioned him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Did you not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese?
  • Did you not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese?
11 You clothed me with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews.

Job.10.11 - Details

Translation

You clothed me with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews.

Original Text

עור ובשר תלבישני ובעצמות וגידים תסככני׃

Morphology

  • עור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תלבישני: VERB,piel,impf,2,m,sg
  • ובעצמות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • וגידים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תסככני: VERB,piel,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 2:7 (thematic): God as creator of the human body — formation of man’s physical life (dust into living being) parallels Job’s claim that God clothed him with skin and flesh.
  • Psalm 139:13-15 (verbal): Uses the verb imagery of being 'formed'/'knitted together' in the womb and the intimate crafting of inward parts, closely echoing Job’s 'bones and sinews' and 'clothing' language.
  • Jeremiah 1:5 (thematic): Divine formation before birth — 'formed you in the womb' resonates with Job’s reflection on God’s formative role in making his body.
  • Isaiah 64:8 (thematic): God as craftsman/potter shaping humanity — the motif of God fashioning human beings parallels Job’s depiction of God forming his flesh and frame.
  • Psalm 119:73 (verbal): Direct language of God having 'made' and 'fashioned' the psalmist underscores the same idea of God’s workmanship in forming the body that Job expresses.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You clothed me with skin and flesh and knit me together with bones and sinews.
  • You clothed me with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews.
12 You gave me life and steadfast love, and your providence preserved my spirit.

Job.10.12 - Details

Translation

You gave me life and steadfast love, and your providence preserved my spirit.

Original Text

חיים וחסד עשית עמדי ופקדתך שמרה רוחי׃

Morphology

  • חיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • וחסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • עמדי: PREP+1cs
  • ופקדתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
  • שמרה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • רוחי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 38:16 (verbal): Isaiah speaks of 'the life of my spirit' and credits the LORD with restoring life—language closely paralleling Job's 'you have given me life... your care preserved my spirit.'
  • Psalm 103:4–5 (verbal): God 'redeems your life from the pit' and 'crowns you with steadfast love and mercy' — links between preserving life and divine chesed echo Job's pairing of life and steadfast love/care.
  • Psalm 23:6 (thematic): ‘Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life’ — theme of God's steadfast love accompanying and sustaining the life of the believer, similar to Job's claim that life and chesed are with him.
  • Psalm 36:9 (thematic): ‘For with you is the fountain of life’ — portrays God as the source and sustainer of life, resonating with Job's assertion that life and preservation come from God's care.
  • Lamentations 3:22–23 (thematic): ‘The steadfast love of the LORD never ceases... his mercies are new every morning’ — emphasizes divine chesed as continual sustenance and hope, paralleling Job's appeal to God's enduring care that preserves his spirit.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You gave me life and steadfast love, and your care has preserved my spirit.
  • You have granted me life and steadfast love, and your care has preserved my spirit.
13 Yet these things you have stored up in your heart; I know that this is with you.

Job.10.13 - Details

Translation

Yet these things you have stored up in your heart; I know that this is with you.

Original Text

ואלה צפנת בלבבך ידעתי כי־ זאת עמך׃

Morphology

  • ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
  • צפנת: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בלבבך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m

Parallels

  • Job 13:24 (thematic): Job charges God with hiding his face/ways — the same motif of divine concealment and inscrutable counsel.
  • Job 23:9 (thematic): Job says God 'hideth himself' so that he cannot behold him; closely parallels the language and experience of God hiding his purposes.
  • Isaiah 45:15 (verbal): 'Truly thou art a God that hidest thyself' — an explicit verbal statement of divine hiddenness comparable to 'you have hidden in your heart.'
  • Proverbs 20:5 (verbal): 'Counsel in the heart of man is like deep water' — echoes the image of counsel or purposes being hidden in the heart.
  • Psalm 139:2-4 (thematic): Psalmist emphasizes God's knowledge of hidden thoughts and words—related theme of inner counsel and the tension between hiddenness and divine knowledge.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet these things you have hidden in your heart; I know that this is with you.
  • Yet these things you have treasured in your heart; I know that this was with you.
14 If I have sinned, you mark me and will not acquit me of my transgression.

Job.10.14 - Details

Translation

If I have sinned, you mark me and will not acquit me of my transgression.

Original Text

אם־ חטאתי ושמרתני ומעוני לא תנקני׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • חטאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • ושמרתני: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • ומעוני: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תנקני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 130:3 (verbal): Explicitly raises the same idea: if God were to mark/record iniquities who could stand? (echoes Job’s complaint that God watches and will not acquit his sin).
  • Psalm 90:8 (verbal): ‘You have set our iniquities before you’ — language of God putting sins before his face, paralleling Job’s sense of being watched and not cleared.
  • Psalm 51:4 (thematic): David’s confession that sin is ultimately ‘against you…in your sight’ emphasizes God as the observer/judge of sin, similar to Job’s confrontation with divine scrutiny.
  • Habakkuk 1:13 (thematic): Affirms God’s purity and his active perception of evil (‘you are of purer eyes than to behold evil’), resonating with the theme that God sees sin and will not overlook it.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If I have sinned, you keep watch over me and you will not acquit me of my transgression.
  • If I have sinned, you mark me and will not acquit me of my iniquity.
15 If I am wicked—woe to me!—and if I am righteous, I cannot lift up my head; I am filled with shame and see my affliction.

Job.10.15 - Details

Translation

If I am wicked—woe to me!—and if I am righteous, I cannot lift up my head; I am filled with shame and see my affliction.

Original Text

אם־ רשעתי אללי לי וצדקתי לא־ אשא ראשי שבע קלון וראה עניי׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • רשעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,comm,sg
  • אללי: INTJ
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • וצדקתי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • שבע: NUM,card
  • קלון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וראה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • עניי: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss,1,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 44:13-15 (thematic): Both passages portray the righteous as disgraced and made a byword among people; inability to hold up one's head and public reproach parallel Job's complaint of shame and affliction.
  • Psalm 31:11 (verbal): Speaks of becoming a reproach and of being scorned by neighbors—language and situation closely mirror Job's sense of humiliation and loss of honor.
  • Jeremiah 20:7 (verbal): Jeremiah laments being deceived and made a laughingstock; the cry of personal woe and public disgrace echoes Job's 'woe is me' and helpless shame despite asserted innocence.
  • Psalm 102:7-11 (thematic): Imagery of isolation, taunting, and humiliation—'a byword among men' and persistent affliction—parallels Job's lament of disgrace and inability to raise his head.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If I am guilty, woe to me; and if I am righteous, I cannot lift up my head for shame and because of my suffering.
  • If I am wicked, woe to me; if I am righteous, I cannot lift up my head; I am full of disgrace; look upon my affliction.
16 You hunt me like a fierce lion; you again show yourself against me.

Job.10.16 - Details

Translation

You hunt me like a fierce lion; you again show yourself against me.

Original Text

ויגאה כשחל תצודני ותשב תתפלא־ בי׃

Morphology

  • ויגאה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • כשחל: CONJ
  • תצודני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • ותשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • תתפלא: VERB,hitp,impf,2,f,sg
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Job 7:17-18 (thematic): Both passages voice Job's sense of human littleness before God and the experience of being observed, weighed, or singled out by the divine—God 'setting his heart' on man and Job feeling like a target of God's attention.
  • Job 10:8-9 (verbal): Immediate internal parallel in the same speech: Job accuses God of fashioning him yet pursuing or destroying him—consistent language of God's activity toward the sufferer (forming, scrutinizing, acting against).
  • Psalm 139:1-5 (verbal): Psalmist depicts God's intimate knowledge and watching of the individual—'you have searched me and known me,' 'you hem me in'—echoing Job's sense of being closely observed and accessed by God.
  • Hebrews 4:13 (thematic): New Testament statement of divine omniscience—'nothing in all creation is hidden from God's sight'—parallels Job's experience of being fully seen, pursued, or examined by God.
  • Psalm 22:16-18 (thematic): Imagery of being surrounded, encircled, or hunted by enemies ('dogs surround me; a company of evildoers encircle me') resonates with Job's language of being hunted/pursued and left exposed.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You pursue me as one who seizes prey; you renew your attacks upon me and multiply your amazement at me.
  • You press me into service again; you hunt me down as a foe, and you stand and watch me with strange astonishment.
17 You renew your witnesses against me and increase your indignation; marauders assemble against me.

Job.10.17 - Details

Translation

You renew your witnesses against me and increase your indignation; marauders assemble against me.

Original Text

תחדש עדיך ׀ נגדי ותרב כעשך עמדי חליפות וצבא עמי׃

Morphology

  • תחדש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • עדיך: PREP,2,m,sg
  • נגדי: PREP
  • ותרב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • כעשך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+sfx2ms
  • עמדי: PREP+1cs
  • חליפות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • וצבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pref_vav
  • עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s

Parallels

  • Psalm 35:11 (verbal): Speaks of false witnesses rising up against the psalmist—language and idea of witnesses testifying falsely against a sufferer parallels Job’s complaint that God 'renews' witnesses against him.
  • Psalm 109:2–5 (thematic): David laments enemies and false accusers who multiply against him; thematically parallels Job’s sense of increasing hostility and the mustering of adversaries against the righteous sufferer.
  • Job 16:19 (thematic): Job contrasts his earthly accusers with a heavenly witness who might vindicate him—directly related thematically to the motif of witnesses and the struggle over testimony about Job’s innocence.
  • Deuteronomy 19:15 (structural): The legal principle that a matter is established by two or three witnesses provides the judicial background for the imagery of witnesses and accusations—the cultural/legal frame behind Job’s complaint about renewed witnesses.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You renew witnesses against me and increase your wrath toward me; you marshal fresh hostilities against me.
  • You renew your witnesses against me and increase your array of adversaries; change and conflict are with me.
18 Why then did you bring me forth from the womb? Would that I had died and no eye had seen me,

Job.10.18 - Details

Translation

Why then did you bring me forth from the womb? Would that I had died and no eye had seen me,

Original Text

ולמה מרחם הצאתני אגוע ועין לא־ תראני׃

Morphology

  • ולמה: CONJ
  • מרחם: VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,sg
  • הצאתני: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg
  • אגוע: VERB,qal,impf,1,NA,sg
  • ועין: CONJ+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תראני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 3:11-12 (verbal): Almost identical lament earlier in Job: wishes he had died at birth—'Why did I not die at birth...? Why did the knees receive me?'—direct verbal and thematic echo.
  • Jeremiah 20:14-18 (thematic): Jeremiah curses the day of his birth and asks why he was brought forth to see trouble—closely parallels the wish never to have been born and theborn-to-sorrow motif.
  • Ecclesiastes 4:2-3 (thematic): Reflects the philosophical preference for non‑existence: better 'not to have been' than to witness life's misery—an intellectual/thematic counterpart to Job's wish.
  • Psalm 88:3-5 (thematic): A deep psalmic lament expressing utter despair and darkness, thematically resonant with Job's longing for death and absence from sight.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Why did you bring me out from the womb? Would that I had died before any eye had seen me,
  • Why then did you bring me out from the womb? Would that I had died and no eye had seen me;
19 and I had been carried from the womb to the grave!

Job.10.19 - Details

Translation

and I had been carried from the womb to the grave!

Original Text

כאשר לא־ הייתי אהיה מבטן לקבר אובל׃

Morphology

  • כאשר: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • מבטן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לקבר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • אובל: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Job 3:16 (verbal): Job earlier longs that he had died at birth: “as infants which never saw light,” language and idea closely echoing the wish not to have been brought from the womb.
  • Jeremiah 20:17-18 (thematic): Jeremiah laments that God did not kill him in the womb and wishes his mother had been his grave—same theme of preferring non‑existence to a life of suffering.
  • Ecclesiastes 6:3-4 (thematic): Expresses the sentiment that non‑existence (or a stillbirth) is preferable to a life of misery, paralleling Job’s wish he had never been born.
  • Psalm 139:13-16 (thematic): Speaks of God’s intimate knowledge and formation of a person in the womb—a theological counterpoint to Job’s lament about being brought forth into suffering.
  • Job 1:21 (structural): Another reflection in Job on birth and mortality (“Naked I came from my mother’s womb”), linking the motif of coming from the womb with human transience and suffering.

Alternative generated candidates

  • as though I had not been—carried from the womb straight to the grave.
  • that I had been carried from the womb to the grave—
20 Are not my few days coming to an end? Turn away from me that I may have a little cheer,

Job.10.20 - Details

Translation

Are not my few days coming to an end? Turn away from me that I may have a little cheer,

Original Text

הלא־ מעט ימי וחדל ושית ממני ואבליגה מעט׃

Morphology

  • הלא: PART
  • מעט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • וחדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ושית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
  • ואבליגה: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • מעט: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 7:16 (verbal): Same book and a closely parallel plea—‘let me alone’/‘leave me’ and language about the worthlessness/shortness of life (days are vanity).
  • Psalm 39:5–6 (verbal): Uses the image of life as ‘few days’/‘a few handbreadths’ and the transience of existence, echoing Job’s complaint about brevity of days and desire for respite.
  • Psalm 102:11 (thematic): Lament reflecting the brevity and fading of life—‘my days are like a shadow’—paralleling Job’s sense that his days are few and he seeks relief.
  • Isaiah 38:10–11 (thematic): Hezekiah’s lament over the ‘cutting off of my days’ and impending death thematically parallels Job’s expression of few remaining days and his longing for release/comfort.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Are not my days few? Cease then; leave me alone, that I may have a little cheer
  • as though I had not been, carried from the womb to the grave?
21 before I go—and I shall not return—to the land of gloom and deep shadow;

Job.10.21 - Details

Translation

before I go—and I shall not return—to the land of gloom and deep shadow;

Original Text

בטרם אלך ולא אשוב אל־ ארץ חשך וצלמות׃

Morphology

  • בטרם: PREP
  • אלך: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אשוב: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • וצלמות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Job 10:22 (structural): Immediate parallel/continuation: restates the same idea—Sheol as a land of gloom, deep darkness, and the shadow of death, expanding the image of not returning.
  • Job 7:9 (verbal): Uses similar language about descent to the grave and finality (‘he that goeth down to the grave shall come up no more’), echoing Job’s fear of going to a place of no return.
  • Psalm 88:6 (thematic): Depicts being laid in the lowest pit, in darkness and the deeps—shares the motif of abandonment to Sheol and pervasive darkness.
  • Isaiah 38:10 (thematic): Hezekiah’s lament about departing to the gates of Sheol and no longer seeing the living parallels the psalmic/job lament over death as a one-way descent to darkness.
  • Jonah 2:6 (allusion): Jonah’s image of going down to the ‘bars of the earth’ and being confined in the depths echoes the motif of descent into a dark, inescapable realm (Sheol).

Alternative generated candidates

  • before I go and come no more to the land of gloom and deep shadow,
  • Are not a few days and then I shall be no more? Leave me alone, that I may find a little comfort,
22 a land of deep darkness and disorder, where light is as thick darkness.

Job.10.22 - Details

Translation

a land of deep darkness and disorder, where light is as thick darkness.

Original Text

ארץ עיפתה ׀ כמו אפל צלמות ולא סדרים ותפע כמו־ אפל׃

Morphology

  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עיפתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • כמו: PREP
  • אפל: ADV
  • צלמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • סדרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ותפע: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • כמו: PREP
  • אפל: ADV

Parallels

  • Psalm 23:4 (verbal): Uses the phrase “shadow of death” and the image of passing through a dark valley; parallels Job’s depiction of a land enveloped in darkness and death-like gloom.
  • Psalm 88:3-6 (thematic): A cry of being overwhelmed by darkness and closeness to Sheol, with imagery of abandonment and deep gloom like Job’s ‘land of darkness.’
  • Job 3:17-19 (structural): Earlier lament by Job about Sheol as a place of darkness and cessation, closely echoing the motif of a dark, deathlike realm and the absence of order or light.
  • Isaiah 38:10-11 (thematic): Hezekiah’s language of being consigned to Sheol and covered by darkness parallels Job’s portrayal of existence as a land of deep gloom and shadow.
  • Ecclesiastes 9:5-6 (thematic): Speaks of the dead being in darkness and cut off from activity and knowledge, resonating with Job’s image of a dark, lifeless realm.

Alternative generated candidates

  • to a land of gloom, deep shadow, and disorder—where light is like darkness.
  • before I go and come no more to the land of darkness and deep shadow,

Then Job answered and said:

Truly I know that it is so; but how can a mortal be righteous before God?

If one would contend with him, he would not answer him—one among a thousand.

He is wise of heart and mighty in power; who has hardened himself against him and prospered?

He removes mountains, and they do not know it; he overturns them in his anger.

He shakes the earth from its place, and its pillars tremble.

He commands the sun, and it does not rise; he seals up the stars.

He alone stretches out the heavens and walks upon the waves of the sea.

He made the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the chambers of the south.

He does great things beyond searching out, wonders beyond number.

Behold, he passes by me, and I do not see him; he moves on, and I do not perceive him.

Behold, he takes away—who can hinder him? Who will say to him, ‘What are you doing?’

God will not withdraw his anger; beneath him the helpers of Rahab bow down.

If I would answer him, I could not; I would choose my words with him.

For if I were righteous, I could not answer him; I would appeal to my judge.

If I called and he answered me, I would not trust that he had listened to my voice.

For he crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds without cause.

He will not allow my mouth relief; he fills me with bitterness.

If it is by the power of the mighty—behold—yet if it is for judgment, who will appoint me?

If I am innocent, my own mouth will condemn me; if I am blameless, he will prove me perverse.

I am blameless, yet I do not know it; I despise my life.

It is all one—the same—therefore I said, ‘He destroys both the blameless and the wicked.’

When a scourge kills suddenly, he laughs at the calamity of the innocent.

The earth is given into the hand of the wicked; its judges he covers—if not, then who is it?

My days are swifter than a runner; they flee away—they see no prosperity.

They pass by like boats of rushes, like an eagle that swoops on its prey.

If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will put off my sad face and be of good cheer,’

I dread all my toil; I know that you will not vindicate me.

I am wicked—why, then, do I labor in vain?

If I wash myself with snow and cleanse my hands with soap,

yet you would plunge me into a pit, and my own garments would abhor me.

For there is no arbitrator between us who might lay his hand on us both.

There is no mediator between us who could set his hand upon us both.

Let him remove his rod from upon me, and let not his dread terrify me.

Then I would speak, and not fear him; for I am not such as I am of myself.

My soul is weary of my life; I will give free vent to my complaint— I will speak in the bitterness of my soul.

O God, do not condemn me; show me why you contend with me.

Is it good for you to oppress, to despise the work of your hands and favor the counsel of the wicked?

Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see as a mortal sees?

Are your days like a mortal’s days, your years like a man’s years,

that you should seek out my iniquity and probe my sin?

You know that I am not wicked, and there is none to deliver me from your hand.

Your hands fashioned me and made me, and now you would destroy me.

Remember that you have made me like clay, and will you return me to the dust?

Did you not pour me out like milk and curdle me like cheese?

You clothed me with skin and flesh, and knit me together with bones and sinews.

You gave me life and steadfast love, and your providence preserved my spirit.

Yet these things you have stored up in your heart; I know that this is with you.

If I have sinned, you mark me and will not acquit me of my transgression.

If I am wicked—woe to me!—and if I am righteous, I cannot lift up my head; I am filled with shame and see my affliction.

You hunt me like a fierce lion; you again show yourself against me.

You renew your witnesses against me and increase your indignation; marauders assemble against me.

Why then did you bring me forth from the womb? Would that I had died and no eye had seen me,

and I had been carried from the womb to the grave!

Are not my few days coming to an end? Turn away from me that I may have a little cheer,

before I go—and I shall not return—to the land of gloom and deep shadow;

a land of deep darkness and disorder, where light is as thick darkness.