The Capture and Destruction of Ai

Joshua 8:1-29

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 And the LORD said to Joshua, 'Do not be afraid or dismayed. Take with you all the fighting men, arise, go up against Ai; for I have given into your hand the king of Ai, his people, his city, and his land.'

Jos.8.1 - Details

Translation

And the LORD said to Joshua, 'Do not be afraid or dismayed. Take with you all the fighting men, arise, go up against Ai; for I have given into your hand the king of Ai, his people, his city, and his land.'

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה אל־ יהושע אל־ תירא ואל־ תחת קח עמך את כל־ עם המלחמה וקום עלה העי ראה ׀ נתתי בידך את־ מלך העי ואת־ עמו ואת־ עירו ואת־ ארצו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • תחת: PREP
  • קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • עם: PREP
  • המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וקום: CONJ+VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
  • נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • בידך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • עירו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • ארצו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,ms

Parallels

  • Joshua 1:9 (verbal): Same exhortation to Joshua—'be strong and courageous; do not be afraid or discouraged' (imperative not to fear) and promise of God's presence, echoing the opening clause 'אל־תירא ואל־תחת.'
  • Joshua 6:2 (structural): A parallel divine warfare formula: God announces He has given a city into Israel's hand (here Jericho; in 8:1 Ai), including king, people, city and land—same narrative pattern of divine granting of a city.
  • Deuteronomy 20:1–4 (thematic): Military instruction not to fear when going into battle because the LORD goes with Israel; thematically parallels the reassurance and divine support motivating the attack on Ai.
  • 1 Chronicles 28:20 (allusion): David's charge to Solomon—'Be strong and courageous...do not be afraid or discouraged, for the LORD God will be with you'—echoes the same encouragement formula applied to a successor leader facing a major task.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD said to Joshua, Do not be afraid and do not be dismayed; take with you all the warriors for battle and arise, go up against Ai; for I have given into your hand its king, and its people, and its city, and its land.
  • And the LORD said to Joshua, "Do not be afraid and do not be dismayed; take with you all the fighting men and arise, go up to Ai; behold, I have given into your hand the king of Ai, and his people, his city, and his land."
2 'Do to Ai and to its king as you did to Jericho and to its king; only you may carry off the plunder and livestock for yourselves. Set an ambush for the city behind it.'

Jos.8.2 - Details

Translation

'Do to Ai and to its king as you did to Jericho and to its king; only you may carry off the plunder and livestock for yourselves. Set an ambush for the city behind it.'

Original Text

ועשית לעי ולמלכה כאשר עשית ליריחו ולמלכה רק־ שללה ובהמתה תבזו לכם שים־ לך ארב לעיר מאחריה׃

Morphology

  • ועשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולמלכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • ליריחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולמלכה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רק: PRT
  • שללה: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3fs
  • ובהמתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תבזו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • שים: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ארב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מאחריה: PREP,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Josh.6:17-19 (verbal): Directly parallels the Jericho episode where the city and king were devoted to destruction; Joshua 8:2 commands treating Ai 'as you did to Jericho,' echoing the earlier ban on taking spoil.
  • Josh.7:11-12 (structural): Immediate narrative context: Achan's sin and Israel's initial failure at Ai (ch. 7) explain why Joshua must now repeat and modify the Jericho tactic (ch. 8) after purging the community.
  • Deut.20:10-14 (thematic): Gives general Deuteronomic rules for besieging cities and distributing spoil—distinguishing what is to be taken as booty and what is to be killed—paralleling Joshua's instruction to take spoil and beasts for themselves.
  • Judg.20:45 (verbal): Describes Israelites setting an ambush behind a city in battle; parallels the tactical command in Joshua 8:2 to lie in wait beyond the city and attack from the rear.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You shall do to Ai and to its king as you did to Jericho and to its king; only you shall take the plunder and the livestock for yourselves. Set an ambush behind the city.
  • "You shall do to Ai and its king as you did to Jericho and its king; only you shall carry off the plunder and the livestock for yourselves. Set an ambush for the city behind it."
3 So Joshua rose and all the fighting men with him to go up against Ai. And Joshua chose thirty thousand men of valor and sent them away by night.

Jos.8.3 - Details

Translation

So Joshua rose and all the fighting men with him to go up against Ai. And Joshua chose thirty thousand men of valor and sent them away by night.

Original Text

ויקם יהושע וכל־ עם המלחמה לעלות העי ויבחר יהושע שלשים אלף איש גבורי החיל וישלחם לילה׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • עם: PREP
  • המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לעלות: VERB,qal,inf
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויבחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גבורי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • החיל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישלחם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf_wq,3,m,sg;obj=3,m,pl
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Josh.10.7 (verbal): Uses the same verbal formula of Joshua rising and mobilizing 'all the men of war' — a near‑word‑for‑word parallel in Joshua describing Joshua's rapid deployment of troops for battle.
  • Judg.7.4-7 (thematic): Gideon's selection and reduction of fighting men and reliance on surprise tactics; both passages focus on choosing a specific combat force for a decisive encounter rather than mobilizing the entire population.
  • 1 Sam.26.5-8 (thematic): David and Abishai enter Saul's camp by night in a stealth assault; parallels Joshua's use of a selected force sent at night to strike an enemy encampment.
  • 1 Sam.14.6-14 (thematic): Jonathan and his armor‑bearer ascend against a Philistine outpost with a small force and achieve surprise — similar motif of a limited detachment attacking a fortified position.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Joshua rose up, and all the warriors for battle with him, to go up to Ai. And Joshua selected thirty thousand men, mighty of valor, and sent them away by night.
  • So Joshua rose up, and all the fighting men with him, to go up to Ai. And Joshua chose thirty thousand mighty men of valor and sent them by night.
4 And he commanded them, 'Look, lie in ambush against the city behind it; do not go very far from the city; and be all of you ready.'

Jos.8.4 - Details

Translation

And he commanded them, 'Look, lie in ambush against the city behind it; do not go very far from the city; and be all of you ready.'

Original Text

ויצו אתם לאמר ראו אתם ארבים לעיר מאחרי העיר אל־ תרחיקו מן־ העיר מאד והייתם כלכם נכנים׃

Morphology

  • ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • ארבים: PART,qal,ptc,m,pl
  • לעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מאחרי: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • תרחיקו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מאד: ADV
  • והייתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • כלכם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • נכנים: ADJ,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Josh.8.3 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode: God and Joshua explicitly command an ambush behind Ai—very similar wording and intent (lie in ambush/lay in wait).
  • Josh.8.9 (structural): Continuation of the ambush plan: Joshua dispatches the companies and gives detailed tactical orders, showing the same command to lie in wait and not to stray far from the city.
  • Exod.17.9 (thematic): Moses tells Joshua to 'choose out men, and go out, fight'—a similar command to assemble fighting men and execute a combat maneuver (preparing forces for an encounter).
  • 1 Sam.26.6-7 (thematic): David and Abishai secretly enter Saul's camp and lie in wait—parallel tactic of ambush/lying in wait within Israelite warfare and the moral/command implications of such operations.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he commanded them, saying, See, lie in ambush behind the city; do not go far from the city, but be all of you ready.
  • And he commanded them, "Look, you shall lie in ambush against the city from behind it; do not go very far from the city, and all of you be ready."
5 'And I and all the people who are with me will come near the city. It shall be, when they come out against us as at the first, that we will flee before them.'

Jos.8.5 - Details

Translation

'And I and all the people who are with me will come near the city. It shall be, when they come out against us as at the first, that we will flee before them.'

Original Text

ואני וכל־ העם אשר אתי נקרב אל־ העיר והיה כי־ יצאו לקראתנו כאשר בראשנה ונסנו לפניהם׃

Morphology

  • ואני: PRON,1,sg
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אתי: PRON,1,sg
  • נקרב: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • יצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לקראתנו: PREP+NOUN,fs,sg,abs+PRON,1,pl
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • בראשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ונסנו: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,pl
  • לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 20:10-13 (verbal): Both passages describe coming near to a city and the prescribed response when the city peoples' reaction determines whether there will be peaceful terms or battle — similar language of approaching the city and awaiting the enemy's sortie.
  • Joshua 6:20-21 (thematic): Like Joshua 8 (the capture of Ai), Joshua 6 narrates an Israelite assault that results in the city's rout and destruction; both describe coordinated operations against a fortified Canaanite city.
  • Judges 8:4-9 (structural): Gideon's pursuit and rout of Midianite forces employs surprise, pursuit, and scattering of the enemy similar to Joshua's tactic of drawing out the defenders of Ai and then ambushing them.
  • 2 Kings 7:6-9 (thematic): A case where panic and a sudden assault cause an enemy to flee their camp — parallels the motif in Joshua 8 of causing the city's defenders to come out and then be routed by a sudden attack.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I and all the people who are with me will approach the city. And it shall be, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them.
  • "And I and all the people who are with me will come up against the city. And it shall be, when they come out to meet us, as at first, we will flee before them."
6 'They will come out after us until they have lured us away from the city, for they will say, ‘‘They are fleeing before us as before,’’ and we will flee before them.'

Jos.8.6 - Details

Translation

'They will come out after us until they have lured us away from the city, for they will say, ‘‘They are fleeing before us as before,’’ and we will flee before them.'

Original Text

ויצאו אחרינו עד התיקנו אותם מן־ העיר כי יאמרו נסים לפנינו כאשר בראשנה ונסנו לפניהם׃

Morphology

  • ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אחרינו: PREP,suff,1,pl
  • עד: PREP
  • התיקנו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • יאמרו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • נסים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לפנינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • בראשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ונסנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
  • לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Josh.7:4-5 (allusion): Describes Israel’s earlier rout at Ai — Josh.8:6 explicitly contrasts the later pursuit with “as in the first time,” alluding to this prior defeat.
  • Josh.8:3-11 (structural): Immediate narrative context: the ambush plan and execution that lead to the enemy’s rout and being driven out of the city, showing how the pursuit in v.6 was carried out.
  • Josh.10:10-11 (thematic): Describes the Canaanite kings’ defeat and flight before Israel and a subsequent pursuit/overthrow — a parallel example of Israel routing foes and driving them from their strongholds.
  • Judg.7:20-22 (thematic): Gideon’s surprise attack and the ensuing panic and flight of the enemy; thematically parallel in the use of ambush/sudden assault producing a rout.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They will come out after us until we have drawn them away from the city; for they will say, They are fleeing before us, as at the first. Then we will flee before them.
  • "They will come out after us until we withdraw them from the city—for they will say, 'They are fleeing before us, as at the first'—and we will flee before them."
7 'Then you shall rise up from the ambush and take the city; and the LORD your God will give it into your hand.'

Jos.8.7 - Details

Translation

'Then you shall rise up from the ambush and take the city; and the LORD your God will give it into your hand.'

Original Text

ואתם תקמו מהאורב והורשתם את־ העיר ונתנה יהוה אלהיכם בידכם׃

Morphology

  • ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
  • תקמו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • מהאורב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והורשתם: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ונתנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • בידכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:18 (verbal): Same tactical language — men of the ambush 'rose up' from their place to enter and take the city (direct narrative parallel within the same episode).
  • Joshua 6:2 (verbal): God's speech about Jericho: 'I have given Jericho into your hand' — similar wording attributing the conquest of a city to Yahweh's handing it over.
  • Deuteronomy 20:4 (thematic): Promise that the LORD goes with Israel to fight for them; explains theological basis for expecting God to deliver cities into Israel's hand.
  • Judges 7:16-22 (structural): Gideon's use of concealed companies and sudden attack — a parallel military ambush motif leading to a divinely granted victory.
  • Deuteronomy 7:1-2 (thematic): Command to dispossess and utterly destroy the nations the LORD will give Israel — frames the conquest motif of cities being delivered into Israel's hand by divine decree.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And you shall rise from the ambush and take the city; and the LORD your God will give it into your hand.
  • "And you shall rise from the ambush and take the city, for the LORD your God will give it into your hand."
8 'And it shall be, when you have taken the city, that you shall set the city on fire, according to the word of the LORD. See, I have commanded you.'

Jos.8.8 - Details

Translation

'And it shall be, when you have taken the city, that you shall set the city on fire, according to the word of the LORD. See, I have commanded you.'

Original Text

והיה כתפשכם את־ העיר תציתו את־ העיר באש כדבר יהוה תעשו ראו צויתי אתכם׃

Morphology

  • והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • כתפשכם: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • תציתו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • צויתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:28 (structural): Same episode—later verse records Joshua burning Ai and making it a permanent heap; continues the command to destroy and burn the city.
  • Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Jericho narrative uses the same language of devoting the city to destruction and destroying by fire/sword, showing a parallel pattern in conquest traditions.
  • Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (quotation): Legal command to devote certain Canaanite cities to destruction (herem); Joshua’s action is presented as fulfillment of this Deuteronomic injunction.
  • Deuteronomy 7:2 (thematic): Instruction to annihilate the nations of the land and make no covenant—provides the broader theological rationale behind burning conquered cities.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3 (allusion): Divine command to Saul to ‘utterly destroy’ Amalek (men, women, children, animals); parallels the theme of divinely mandated total destruction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it shall be, when you have taken the city, that you shall set the city on fire; do according to the word of the LORD. See, I have commanded you.
  • "And when you have taken the city, you shall set the city on fire, as the LORD has commanded. See, I have commanded you."
9 So Joshua sent them, and they went to the ambush, and they lodged between Bethel and Ai, to the west of Ai. Joshua lodged that night among the people.

Jos.8.9 - Details

Translation

So Joshua sent them, and they went to the ambush, and they lodged between Bethel and Ai, to the west of Ai. Joshua lodged that night among the people.

Original Text

וישלחם יהושע וילכו אל־ המארב וישבו בין בית־ אל ובין העי מים לעי וילן יהושע בלילה ההוא בתוך העם׃

Morphology

  • וישלחם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf_wq,3,m,sg;obj=3,m,pl
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • המארב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בין: PREP
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לעי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וילן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • בתוך: PREP
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:2-3 (structural): Immediate context: Joshua outlines the same ambush plan—sending men to lie in wait while he draws the city out, showing this verse is part of that stratagem.
  • Joshua 8:11 (verbal): Repeats the same geographical detail (lying in ambush between Bethel and Ai) and confirms the positioning and concealment of the ambushers.
  • Judges 7:16-22 (thematic): Gideon’s surprise/night attack uses concealed forces and a sudden signal to rout the enemy—a comparable tactic of ambush and deception to defeat a fortified foe.
  • Judges 20:45-48 (thematic): Israelite forces set an ambush and draw the Benjaminites out of their city into the plain, then attack—closely mirroring the lure-and-ambush pattern used at Ai.
  • Judges 3:20-26 (thematic): Ehud’s secret approach and sudden strike against King Eglon is another example of concealed movement and surprise against an enemy leader/stronghold, reflecting the use of stealth in Israelite warfare.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Joshua sent them, and they went to the ambush; and they remained between Bethel and Ai, on the west of Ai. Joshua lodged that night among the people.
  • So Joshua sent them, and they went to the ambush; and they stationed themselves between Bethel and Ai, to the west of Ai. And Joshua lodged that night among the people.
10 And Joshua rose early in the morning and mustered the people; and he and the elders of Israel went up before the people to Ai.

Jos.8.10 - Details

Translation

And Joshua rose early in the morning and mustered the people; and he and the elders of Israel went up before the people to Ai.

Original Text

וישכם יהושע בבקר ויפקד את־ העם ויעל הוא וזקני ישראל לפני העם העי׃

Morphology

  • וישכם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בבקר: PREP
  • ויפקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויעל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • וזקני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפני: PREP
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:3 (verbal): Same chapter: Joshua 'rose up' and led the fighting men to Ai, selecting troops — closely parallel language and leadership action (Joshua rising and going up before the people).
  • Joshua 6:15 (verbal): Both verses depict early‑morning movement for a planned military operation ('rose early' to carry out a tactic against a city), echoing the timing and ritualized advance before battle.
  • 2 Samuel 24:2 (thematic): David commands Joab to 'number the people' for military purposes — parallels the motif of mustering or taking account of troops prior to action (וַיְפַקֵּד אֶת־הָעָם).
  • Numbers 1:2–3 (verbal): God's command to Moses to take a census of the whole congregation echoes the administrative act of 'numbering' or enrolling the people, a common preparatory step for organization and warfare.
  • Judges 7:9–15 (thematic): Gideon’s pre‑dawn reconnaissance and the division of forces for a surprise attack parallel Joshua’s early‑morning mustering and the ambush tactics used at Ai — leaders moving before the people and executing a planned stratagem.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Joshua rose up early in the morning and mustered the people; and he went up, with the elders of Israel before the people, to Ai.
  • And Joshua rose early in the morning and mustered the people, and he went up, with the elders of Israel before the people, to Ai.
11 All the fighting men who were with him went up and drew near and came opposite the city and camped north of Ai; and there was a ravine between them and Ai.

Jos.8.11 - Details

Translation

All the fighting men who were with him went up and drew near and came opposite the city and camped north of Ai; and there was a ravine between them and Ai.

Original Text

וכל־ העם המלחמה אשר אתו עלו ויגשו ויבאו נגד העיר ויחנו מצפון לעי והגי ביניו ובין־ העי׃

Morphology

  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
  • ויגשו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • נגד: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויחנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מצפון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעי: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • והגי: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ביניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 7:5 (verbal): Describes Israel 'coming up' and 'coming before the city' of Ai and being engaged—same setting and similar verbs as the approach and deployment in Josh 8:11 (earlier failed attack on Ai).
  • Joshua 6:10-11 (structural): At Jericho Joshua marshals the armed men and outlines a specific deployment/encirclement of the city; parallels the military positioning and tactic of approaching and encamping near a fortified town.
  • Judges 7:9-11 (thematic): Gideon's night movement and tactical positioning of forces before the enemy camp, including stealthy approach and ambush, parallels the tactical maneuvering and encampment described in Josh 8:11.
  • 1 Samuel 14:2-14 (thematic): Jonathan's reconnaissance and surprise attack on the Philistine outpost—small-force approach to an enemy position and engagement—echoes the theme of approaching and assaulting an enemy town as in Josh 8:11.

Alternative generated candidates

  • All the warriors for battle who were with him went up and drew near and came before the city and encamped north of Ai; the ravine was between them and Ai.
  • And all the fighting men who were with him went up and drew near and came before the city; and they encamped north of Ai, and between them and Ai was a ravine.
12 And he took about five thousand men and set them to lie in ambush between Bethel and Ai, to the west of the city.

Jos.8.12 - Details

Translation

And he took about five thousand men and set them to lie in ambush between Bethel and Ai, to the west of the city.

Original Text

ויקח כחמשת אלפים איש וישם אותם ארב בין בית־ אל ובין העי מים לעיר׃

Morphology

  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כחמשת: PREP+NUM,card,masc,pl
  • אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וישם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • ארב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בין: PREP
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • ובין: CONJ+PREP
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:2–3 (verbal): The immediate command and mobilization for an ambush — Joshua is ordered to take fighting men and lie in wait; language and tactic parallel the verse's description of deploying troops as an ambush.
  • Joshua 8:14–19 (structural): The subsequent action in the same episode where the ambush lies in wait, springs out, and Ai is captured — a direct structural continuation and fulfillment of the deployment in 8:12.
  • Joshua 7:2–5 (thematic): The defeat at Ai caused by hidden sin; this passage provides the narrative background and explains why a new tactic (sending an ambush) is employed in 8:12 — thematic link of failure, repentance, and revised military strategy.
  • Judges 7:16–20 (thematic): Gideon divides his forces and surrounds the Midianite camp, then launches a sudden, deceptive attack; thematically similar use of small forces, surprise, and encirclement to rout an enemy.
  • Psalm 64:2–6 (thematic): Imagery of enemies lying in ambush, setting snares, and concealing themselves to attack the righteous — parallels the motif of hidden attackers and the danger of ambush present in Joshua 8:12.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he took about five thousand men and put them in ambush between Bethel and Ai, on the west side of the city.
  • And he took about five thousand men and set them in ambush between Bethel and Ai, to the west of the city.
13 And they stationed the whole camp north of the city and to the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the ravine.

Jos.8.13 - Details

Translation

And they stationed the whole camp north of the city and to the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the ravine.

Original Text

וישימו העם את־ כל־ המחנה אשר מצפון לעיר ואת־ עקבו מים לעיר וילך יהושע בלילה ההוא בתוך העמק׃

Morphology

  • וישימו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • המחנה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • מצפון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • עקבו: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • בתוך: PREP
  • העמק: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:11-12 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same episode: Joshua marshals the forces, places troops north of Ai and prepares by night — similar wording and movement (night advance, placement of the camp/ambush).
  • Joshua 6:12-13 (structural): Earlier siege of Jericho where Joshua organizes and moves the troops in a coordinated way; both passages depict commanded troop movements and ritualized military action under Joshua’s leadership.
  • Judges 7:16-22 (thematic): Gideon’s night attack and ambush tactics: divided forces, surprise night operation, and a rout of the enemy — parallels the clandestine night maneuver and ambush at Ai.
  • 1 Samuel 14:20-23 (thematic): Description of a sudden rout and confusion during night operations as Israel pursues the fleeing enemy; thematically similar in terms of night action, surprise and the enemy’s collapse.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They set the whole army that was north of the city, with their rear toward the ravine, and Joshua went that night into the midst of the valley.
  • And he placed all the people who were in the camp north of the city, and the rear toward the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the valley.
14 When the king of Ai saw it, he and all his people hurried and rose early and went out to meet Israel to battle at the appointed place in the plain; he did not know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.

Jos.8.14 - Details

Translation

When the king of Ai saw it, he and all his people hurried and rose early and went out to meet Israel to battle at the appointed place in the plain; he did not know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.

Original Text

ויהי כראות מלך־ העי וימהרו וישכימו ויצאו אנשי־ העיר לקראת־ ישראל למלחמה הוא וכל־ עמו למועד לפני הערבה והוא לא ידע כי־ ארב לו מאחרי העיר׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כראות: VERB,qal,inf_abs
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וימהרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • וישכימו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לקראת: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • למועד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפני: PREP
  • הערבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • ארב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • מאחרי: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:10-11 (structural): Immediate continuation of the narrative: these verses describe the Israelite ambush placed behind Ai that the king in v.14 did not know about, explaining how the deception was executed.
  • Joshua 7:5 (thematic): Earlier encounter with Ai where the king pursued and routed Israelites (killing about thirty-six men); provides the background and motive for the king’s pursuit in 8:14 and contrasts the earlier Israeli defeat with the later ambush.
  • Judges 7:19-22 (thematic): Gideon’s surprise attack at night, creating panic and rout among the enemy, parallels the use of sudden, deceptive tactics and an unexpected assault like the ambush behind Ai.
  • Judges 20:37-48 (thematic): The tribes of Israel set an ambush against the men of Benjamin at Gibeah while Benjamin is unaware; parallels the tactic of hiding forces behind a city and the enemy’s ignorance described in Joshua 8:14.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When the king of Ai saw, he rose up early and took all the men of the city to go out against Israel for battle—he and all his people—at the appointed place before the plain; he did not know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.
  • And when the king of Ai saw it, he rose up and hurried and took all the men of the city to go out against Israel for battle; he and all his people were drawn out before the plain; he did not know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.
15 Then Joshua and all Israel made themselves appear before them and turned in flight by the way of the wilderness.

Jos.8.15 - Details

Translation

Then Joshua and all Israel made themselves appear before them and turned in flight by the way of the wilderness.

Original Text

וינגעו יהושע וכל־ ישראל לפניהם וינסו דרך המדבר׃

Morphology

  • וינגעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • וינסו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judges 7:7 (thematic): Gideon's victory where the enemy is thrown into panic and flees, parallel to Israel's ambush at Ai producing a rout and flight.
  • 1 Samuel 14:23 (thematic): After Jonathan's attack the Philistines are put to flight and Israel pursues—similar sudden rout and pursuit imagery as in Joshua 8:15.
  • Exodus 14:27-28 (structural): The Egyptian forces are overthrown and destroyed after being driven into the sea; like Ai's forces being routed, both passages depict decisive, divinely‑ordained collapse of the enemy.
  • 2 Chronicles 20:22-24 (thematic): In Jehoshaphat's victory the enemy armies destroy one another and flee, a parallel instance of deliverance resulting in rout and pursuit.
  • Psalm 18:40 (verbal): The psalmist speaks of making enemies 'turn their backs'—a verbal parallel to Joshua's depiction of the foes turning and fleeing before Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Joshua and all Israel turned and fled before them by the way of the wilderness.
  • So Joshua and all Israel turned back and fled by the way of the wilderness.
16 All the men of Ai cried out after them to pursue them; and they chased after Joshua; and they were drawn away from the city.

Jos.8.16 - Details

Translation

All the men of Ai cried out after them to pursue them; and they chased after Joshua; and they were drawn away from the city.

Original Text

ויזעקו כל־ העם אשר בעי לרדף אחריהם וירדפו אחרי יהושע וינתקו מן־ העיר׃

Morphology

  • ויזעקו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בעי: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לרדף: VERB,qal,inf
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • וירדפו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אחרי: PREP
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וינתקו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Josh.8.24-29 (structural): Continuation of the same episode: describes the pursuit into the city of Ai, the routing of the inhabitants, and their being cut off and punished—directly parallels v.16's report of pursuit and cutting off.
  • Judges 4:15 (thematic): Barak pursues Sisera and routs the Canaanite forces; like Joshua's pursuit, a routed enemy is pressed and destroyed after fleeing the battlefield.
  • Exodus 14:26-28 (thematic): The Egyptians pursue Israel but are cut off by the LORD at the sea; similar motif of a pursuing force being decisively cut off/destroyed.
  • Psalm 18:37-38 (verbal): David uses the same language of pursuing enemies and cutting them off—'I pursued my enemies and destroyed them'—paralleling the verbal imagery of pursuit and extermination in Josh 8:16.
  • 1 Samuel 17:52 (thematic): After Goliath's fall the men of Israel pursue the Philistines and strike them down as they flee, reflecting the common battle motif of pursuit into neighboring towns and cutting off the routed foe.

Alternative generated candidates

  • All the men who were in Ai cried out after them to pursue, and they chased Joshua; and they were drawn away from the city.
  • And all the men of Ai cried out after them for pursuit, and they chased Joshua; and they were drawn away from the city.
17 And there was not a man left in Ai or in Bethel who did not go out after Israel; they left the city wide open and pursued them.

Jos.8.17 - Details

Translation

And there was not a man left in Ai or in Bethel who did not go out after Israel; they left the city wide open and pursued them.

Original Text

ולא־ נשאר איש בעי ובית אל אשר לא־ יצאו אחרי ישראל ויעזבו את־ העיר פתוחה וירדפו אחרי ישראל׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • נשאר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בעי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובית: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • אל: NEG
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אחרי: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויעזבו: VERB,qal,wayq,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • פתוחה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • וירדפו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אחרי: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:19 (verbal): Same military tactic: Joshua sets an ambush and orders a feigned retreat so the men of Ai will leave the city open and pursue Israel.
  • Joshua 8:21–22 (structural): Describes the immediate outcome of the ambush in the same episode—Ai's inhabitants are drawn out, the city is left undefended, and the pursuers are trapped.
  • Joshua 7:5 (thematic): Contrasts the earlier defeat at Ai (when Israel was routed) with the successful stratagem in ch. 8; highlights the narrative purpose of retaliation and recapture.
  • Joshua 8:24–26 (structural): Follows the same action sequence: after the city is left open and the ambush succeeds, Israel captures, burns Ai and executes its king—showing the full result of the pursuit described in v.17.
  • Judges 8:4–7 (thematic): Gideon’s pursuit and capture of fleeing enemy leaders echoes the motif of pursuit after a feigned or rout-like flight and the taking of captives/leadership in the aftermath of battle.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Not one remained in Ai or in Bethel who did not go out after Israel; they left the city wide open and pursued Israel.
  • There remained no man in Ai or Bethel who did not go out after Israel; they left the city wide open and pursued Israel.
18 And the LORD said to Joshua, 'Stretch out the spear that is in your hand toward Ai, for I will give it into your hand.' So Joshua stretched out the spear that was in his hand toward the city.

Jos.8.18 - Details

Translation

And the LORD said to Joshua, 'Stretch out the spear that is in your hand toward Ai, for I will give it into your hand.' So Joshua stretched out the spear that was in his hand toward the city.

Original Text

ויאמר יהוה אל־ יהושע נטה בכידון אשר־ בידך אל־ העי כי בידך אתננה ויט יהושע בכידון אשר־ בידו אל־ העיר׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בכידון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בידך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • בידך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff,2,m,sg
  • אתננה: VERB,qal,fut,1,sg
  • ויט: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בכידון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Josh.6.2 (verbal): God's promise to give the city into Joshua's hand ('I have given into thine hand Jericho') echoes the formula in 8:18 ('for I will give it into your hand').
  • Exod.14.16 (verbal): God commands Moses to 'stretch out thy hand/rod' over the sea—same verb and motif of stretching an implement at God's command to bring about victory/deliverance.
  • Exod.17.11 (thematic): Moses' raised hands during the battle with Amalek (Israel prevailing while his hands are up) parallels the symbolic gesture in 8:18 where a raised/pointed weapon accompanies divine aid in battle.
  • Judg.7.19-22 (thematic): Gideon's surprise/night assault produces confusion and rout in the enemy camp—parallels the ambush and sudden collapse of Ai's forces orchestrated in Joshua 8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD said to Joshua, Stretch out the spear that is in your hand toward Ai; for I will give it into your hand. So Joshua stretched out the spear that was in his hand toward the city.
  • And the LORD said to Joshua, "Stretch out the spear that is in your hand toward Ai, for I will give it into your hand." And Joshua stretched out the spear that was in his hand toward the city.
19 And the ambush rose quickly from their place and ran as soon as he stretched out his hand; they entered the city and took it, and they quickly set the city on fire.

Jos.8.19 - Details

Translation

And the ambush rose quickly from their place and ran as soon as he stretched out his hand; they entered the city and took it, and they quickly set the city on fire.

Original Text

והאורב קם מהרה ממקומו וירוצו כנטות ידו ויבאו העיר וילכדוה וימהרו ויציתו את־ העיר באש׃

Morphology

  • והאורב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • קם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מהרה: ADV
  • ממקומו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וירוצו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כנטות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וילכדוה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl+PRON,3,f,sg
  • וימהרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויציתו: CONJ+VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:3-11 (structural): Same episode — an ambush lies in wait outside the city, rises on signal, and then enters to seize the city (contextual parallel to v.19).
  • Joshua 6:20-24 (verbal): Similar language and action: the people take a city after divine intervention and devote/burn it (Jericho’s capture and burning is a close precedent).
  • Judges 1:8 (verbal): Same formula — 'they took it... and set the city on fire' (a parallel in rhetoric and action during Israelite conquest).
  • Joshua 11:11 (thematic): Hazor is captured and burned by Israel, paralleling the pattern of taking and burning Canaanite cities established earlier (echo of v.19’s outcome).
  • Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (thematic): Legal/ideological background: instruction to destroy certain cities and devote them to destruction, providing the theological rationale for burning captured cities.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the ambush rose up quickly from their place and ran; and when he had stretched out his hand, they ran as if at his signal, entered the city, and took it, and they hurried and set the city on fire.
  • And the ambush rose quickly from its place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand; and they entered the city and took it, and they quickly set the city on fire.
20 When the men of Ai looked back, behold, the smoke of the city ascended to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that; for the men who were fleeing to the wilderness were turned back against those pursuing them.

Jos.8.20 - Details

Translation

When the men of Ai looked back, behold, the smoke of the city ascended to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that; for the men who were fleeing to the wilderness were turned back against those pursuing them.

Original Text

ויפנו אנשי העי אחריהם ויראו והנה עלה עשן העיר השמימה ולא־ היה בהם ידים לנוס הנה והנה והעם הנס המדבר נהפך אל־ הרודף׃

Morphology

  • ויפנו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אחריהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • והנה: ADV
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • השמימה: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ולא: CONJ
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ידים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • לנוס: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • הנה: PART
  • והנה: ADV
  • והעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
  • הנס: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,sg,def
  • המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • נהפך: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • הרודף: ADJ,ptcp,qal,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Josh.8.28 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same campaign: verse explicitly records Ai being set on fire and made a desolation, explaining the smoke seen by the fleeing men.
  • Josh.6.24 (thematic): Jericho's destruction by fire and the city's utter burning; parallels the motif of a captured city burning and smoke rising as proof of its destruction.
  • Gen.19.28 (verbal): Uses the striking image of smoke rising from a destroyed city/land (“smoke went up as the smoke of a furnace”), echoing the smoke-as-sign-of-destruction motif in Joshua 8:20.
  • Judg.4:15-16 (thematic): Battle narrative where the enemy is routed and turns in flight before the pursuers; parallels the sudden reversal and rout described in Joshua 8:20.
  • Exod.14:27-28 (thematic): Account of pursuing forces rendered powerless and destroyed (the Egyptians overwhelmed by the returning waters); comparable motif of pursuing enemies being overthrown and unable to escape.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The men of Ai turned back to look, and behold, the smoke of the city rose up to heaven; and they had no power to flee this way or that, for the men who had been fleeing into the wilderness were turned back against those who pursued them.
  • When the men of Ai looked behind them, behold, the smoke of the city went up to heaven; and they had no power to flee—behold, the men who had been driven before them had turned back against the pursuers.
21 So Joshua and all Israel turned back and struck the men of Ai, for the ambush had taken the city and the smoke of the city had gone up; and they struck the men of Ai.

Jos.8.21 - Details

Translation

So Joshua and all Israel turned back and struck the men of Ai, for the ambush had taken the city and the smoke of the city had gone up; and they struck the men of Ai.

Original Text

ויהושע וכל־ ישראל ראו כי־ לכד הארב את־ העיר וכי עלה עשן העיר וישבו ויכו את־ אנשי העי׃

Morphology

  • ויהושע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • לכד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הארב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וכי: CONJ
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Josh.8.28 (structural): Same episode—later verse explicitly records that Ai was burned and devoted, completing the action already observed here (the city taken and smoke rising).
  • Josh.6.24 (verbal): Parallel in conquest language: Jericho was captured and burned with fire; both passages describe the taking of a city and its destruction by fire as part of Israel’s conquest.
  • Gen.19.28 (thematic): Smoke rising from a destroyed city as a visible sign of divine judgment—Genesis describes smoke over Sodom and Gomorrah in a similar image of city destruction by fire.
  • 2 Kings 25:9-10 (thematic): Description of Jerusalem being burned and its houses consumed—another instance of a besieged city taken and set on fire, showing the recurrent biblical motif of smoke and burning as markers of conquest and judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city and that the smoke of the city was rising; then they turned back and struck the men of Ai.
  • And Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended; then they turned back and struck the men of Ai.
22 Those who had come out of the city to meet them became Israel's prey; some fell on one side, and some on the other, until none remained who survived or escaped.

Jos.8.22 - Details

Translation

Those who had come out of the city to meet them became Israel's prey; some fell on one side, and some on the other, until none remained who survived or escaped.

Original Text

ואלה יצאו מן־ העיר לקראתם ויהיו לישראל בתוך אלה מזה ואלה מזה ויכו אותם עד־ בלתי השאיר־ לו שריד ופליט׃

Morphology

  • ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
  • יצאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לקראתם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לישראל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בתוך: PREP
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואלה: CONJ+DEM,pl,abs
  • מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • עד: PREP
  • בלתי: NEG
  • השאיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • שריד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ופליט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Same conquest formula of complete destruction — the city’s inhabitants are struck and none are left; parallels the language and outcome of the Ai ambush.
  • Joshua 11:11 (verbal): Another Joshua account using the same structural motif of defeating and leaving no survivors (conquest and extermination of Canaanite cities).
  • Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (thematic): Legal/ethical background for the conquest: instructions to destroy certain peoples and leave nothing that breathes, which underlies narratives of total defeat like Ai.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3 (thematic): Divine command to Saul to utterly destroy Amalek — a parallel case of divinely sanctioned extermination and the rhetoric of leaving no survivors.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Those who had gone out of the city to meet them became a rout among Israel; from one end to the other they were struck, until none remained to be left or to escape.
  • And those who had been sent from the city stood in the midst of Israel, some on this side and some on that side, and they struck them until none remained who survived or escaped.
23 And they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.

Jos.8.23 - Details

Translation

And they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.

Original Text

ואת־ מלך העי תפשו חי ויקרבו אתו אל־ יהושע׃

Morphology

  • ואת: CONJ
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • תפשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • ויקרבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
  • אל: NEG
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:29 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode: the captured king of Ai is later executed and hung on a tree (the outcome to which v.23 leads).
  • Joshua 10:23 (verbal): A nearly identical report of captives brought to Joshua—there the five Amorite kings are captured and brought to Joshua for judgement (paralleling the act of presenting a captured king to the commander).
  • Judges 1:6-7 (structural): Adoni‑bezek is captured alive, brought to Judah, mutilated and dies there—parallel motif of routing a city, seizing its king alive and bringing him before Israelite authorities.
  • Deuteronomy 20:10-14 (thematic): Law governing siege warfare and the treatment of defeated cities/peoples provides the legal and ideological background for taking and dealing with conquered rulers and populations.
  • 2 Kings 25:7 (thematic): Nebuchadnezzar seizes King Zedekiah, brings him to Riblah where he is judged and punished—a later royal parallel of capturing a king and bringing him before the victor for sentencing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.
  • And they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.
24 And it came to pass, when Israel had finished slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field in the wilderness where they chased them, that they fell by the edge of the sword until they were finished; and all the people of Ai were put to the sword.

Jos.8.24 - Details

Translation

And it came to pass, when Israel had finished slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field in the wilderness where they chased them, that they fell by the edge of the sword until they were finished; and all the people of Ai were put to the sword.

Original Text

ויהי ככלות ישראל להרג את־ כל־ ישבי העי בשדה במדבר אשר רדפום בו ויפלו כלם לפי־ חרב עד־ תמם וישבו כל־ ישראל העי ויכו אתה לפי־ חרב׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ככלות: PREP+INFN,qal,inf
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • להרג: VERB,qal,infc
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • רדפום: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
  • לפי: PREP
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • תמם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לפי: PREP
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Josh.6:21 (verbal): Another account of the total destruction of a captured Canaanite city (Jericho): residents put to the sword and the city devoted to destruction, closely mirroring language and action.
  • Deut.20:16-17 (structural): Legal injunction to destroy the inhabitants of certain cities (herem); provides the legal/theological basis for the complete annihilation conducted at Ai.
  • 1 Sam.15:3 (thematic): Divine command to Saul to utterly destroy Amalek—same theme of divinely sanctioned extermination of a people and total destruction of cities and livestock.
  • Josh.10:40 (verbal): Summary of Joshua’s wider campaign: Israel struck all the land, leaving none that breathed—parallels the language of pursuit and complete slaughter after battle.
  • Num.31:7-18 (thematic): Report of Israel’s slaughter of Midianite men (and treatment of captives) after pursuit—shares the pattern of pursuit, mass killing, and questions about spoils and survivors.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When Israel had finished striking down all the inhabitants of Ai in the field in the wilderness where they had pursued them, and all of them fell by the edge of the sword until none remained, all Israel returned to Ai and struck it with the sword.
  • When Israel had finished slaying the inhabitants of Ai in the open country, while pursuing them, they struck them down so that they were consumed; and the remnant in Ai they struck down with the edge of the sword.
25 There fell that day from the people of Ai, man and woman, twelve thousand — all the people of Ai.

Jos.8.25 - Details

Translation

There fell that day from the people of Ai, man and woman, twelve thousand — all the people of Ai.

Original Text

ויהי כל־ הנפלים ביום ההוא מאיש ועד־ אשה שנים עשר אלף כל אנשי העי׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • הנפלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • מאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP
  • אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:24-29 (structural): Same narrative episode — immediately surrounding verses that describe the ambush, the slaughter of Ai’s inhabitants, burning the city and executing the king; provides fuller context for the casualty figure.
  • Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Parallel wording and action in the conquest tradition: Jericho’s inhabitants were likewise put to the sword, ‘both men and women,’ reflecting the language and practice of total destruction.
  • Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (thematic): Legal instruction for warfare against cities of the nations to be utterly destroyed (the ban), including men, women and children — theological/legislative background for accounts like Ai’s destruction.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3 (thematic): Samuel’s command to Saul to put Amalek under the ban and to slay men and women echoes the motif of divinely mandated annihilation found in conquest narratives such as Ai’s destruction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So all who fell that day, from man even to woman, were twelve thousand—every one of the people of Ai.
  • And the number of those slain that day, from man to woman, was twelve thousand—the whole people of Ai.
26 And Joshua did not withdraw his hand which he had stretched out, until he had destroyed completely all the inhabitants of Ai.

Jos.8.26 - Details

Translation

And Joshua did not withdraw his hand which he had stretched out, until he had destroyed completely all the inhabitants of Ai.

Original Text

ויהושע לא־ השיב ידו אשר נטה בכידון עד אשר החרים את כל־ ישבי העי׃

Morphology

  • ויהושע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • השיב: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בכידון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • החרים: NOUN,prop,m,pl,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Both passages describe cities/devotees being put under the ban (חָרַם) and the complete destruction of every living thing in the conquest context.
  • Exodus 17:11 (structural): Similar imagery and syntax of an outstretched/held hand sustained until victory is achieved—Moses’ hands stayed up until Israel prevailed over Amalek.
  • Deuteronomy 20:16-17 (thematic): Prescribes the legal/theological principle of the herem (devoting certain peoples and cities to complete destruction), the law underlying Joshua’s actions.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3 (verbal): Samuel’s command to Saul to ‘utterly destroy’ (put under the ban) Amalek parallels the language and concept of total annihilation found in Joshua’s destruction of Ai.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Joshua did not withdraw his hand that he stretched out with the spear until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.
  • And Joshua did not withdraw his hand which he had stretched out until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai.
27 Only the livestock and the plunder of the city they took as booty for themselves, in accordance with the word of the LORD which he had commanded Joshua.

Jos.8.27 - Details

Translation

Only the livestock and the plunder of the city they took as booty for themselves, in accordance with the word of the LORD which he had commanded Joshua.

Original Text

רק הבהמה ושלל העיר ההיא בזזו להם ישראל כדבר יהוה אשר צוה את־ יהושע׃

Morphology

  • רק: PRT
  • הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ושלל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ההיא: DEM,f,sg
  • בזזו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 6:17-19 (structural): In the earlier conquest of Jericho the fate of the city’s goods is determined by divine command — there the silver, gold and vessels were devoted to the LORD. Joshua 8:27 parallels this motif of God prescribing what may be taken or consecrated.
  • Joshua 7:11-12 (thematic): Achan’s taking of ‘devoted’ items caused Israel’s defeat at Ai. This episode explains the careful allotment of spoil in ch.8 and underlines the theme of obedience to God’s commands about war booty.
  • Deuteronomy 20:10-14 (thematic): Deuteronomic instructions for siege warfare distinguish between peoples to be put to the sword and the taking of women, children, livestock and spoil as booty — a legal background for Joshua’s taking of the livestock and plunder by divine permission.
  • Numbers 31:25-41 (verbal): After the war with Midian the text gives detailed rules for dividing spoils and what is to be taken for the LORD versus what the soldiers keep. This parallels Joshua 8:27’s concern with allocation of booty under divine command.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3,9 (thematic): God’s command to destroy Amalek (and Saul’s later sparing of the best livestock) highlights the same issue of obeying divine orders about spoils of war; Joshua’s compliance in 8:27 contrasts with Saul’s disobedience.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Only the livestock and the plunder of that city they took for themselves, according to the word of the LORD which he had commanded Joshua.
  • Only the livestock and the plunder of the city they took for themselves, according to the word of the LORD which he had commanded Joshua.
28 And Joshua burned Ai and made it a heap forever, a desolation, as it is to this day.

Jos.8.28 - Details

Translation

And Joshua burned Ai and made it a heap forever, a desolation, as it is to this day.

Original Text

וישרף יהושע את־ העי וישימה תל־ עולם שממה עד היום הזה׃

Morphology

  • וישרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישימה: VERB,hiph,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • תל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שממה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg

Parallels

  • Josh.6.24 (verbal): Jericho is likewise burned and 'made a heap, a desolation to this day'—nearly identical language and formulaic conclusion to a conquered city.
  • Josh.6.26 (verbal): Joshua's pronouncement and curse concerning Jericho uses the same 'heap'/'desolation' formula and the phrase 'to this day,' paralleling the rhetorical and theological framing.
  • Deut.20.16-18 (thematic): Legal instruction to devote certain towns to complete destruction (herem), providing the theological and legal rationale behind burning and making cities a perpetual desolation.
  • 1 Sam.15.3 (thematic): God's command to Saul to 'utterly destroy' Amalek (men, women, children, animals) parallels the motif of divinely sanctioned total annihilation in conquest narratives.
  • Deut.2.34 (thematic): Narrative of Israel taking cities and utterly destroying their inhabitants—an earlier conquest formula that parallels Joshua's account of razing and desolating enemy towns.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Joshua burned Ai and made it a permanent heap of ruins, a desolation to this day.
  • And Joshua burned Ai and made it a perpetual heap, a desolation to this day.
29 And they hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his body down from the tree and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and they raised over it a great heap of stones, which stands to this day.

Jos.8.29 - Details

Translation

And they hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his body down from the tree and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and they raised over it a great heap of stones, which stands to this day.

Original Text

ואת־ מלך העי תלה על־ העץ עד־ עת הערב וכבוא השמש צוה יהושע וירידו את־ נבלתו מן־ העץ וישליכו אותה אל־ פתח שער העיר ויקימו עליו גל־ אבנים גדול עד היום הזה׃

Morphology

  • ואת: CONJ
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • העי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • תלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • העץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • עד: PREP
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וכבוא: CONJ
  • השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וירידו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נבלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m
  • מן: PREP
  • העץ: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישליכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אותה: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויקימו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • גל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אבנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg

Parallels

  • Josh.10.26-27 (verbal): Nearly identical narrative pattern: Israel hangs defeated kings on trees until evening, then commands their removal and deposits their bodies in a burial place with stones set at the entrance.
  • Deut.21.22-23 (verbal): Legal background for hanging a condemned person on a tree and the injunction to remove the body the same day (one is 'accursed'); provides the law that frames such executions and removals.
  • 1 Sam.31.10-13 (thematic): The Philistines expose King Saul's body publicly after his defeat, and later Israelite allies recover and bury the remains — a parallel theme of defeated kings' corpses displayed and subsequently dealt with by the victors.
  • Gal.3.13 (quotation): Paul cites Deut.21:23 ('cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree') to interpret Christ's crucifixion; this is a later theological echo of the Sinai law governing hanging on trees referenced in Joshua.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening. At the time of the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his body down from the tree and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised over it a great heap of stones, which stands to this day.
  • And he hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening; and at the time of sunset Joshua commanded, and they took him down from the tree and cast him at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised over him a great heap of stones, which stands to this day.

And the LORD said to Joshua, 'Do not be afraid or dismayed. Take with you all the fighting men, arise, go up against Ai; for I have given into your hand the king of Ai, his people, his city, and his land.'

'Do to Ai and to its king as you did to Jericho and to its king; only you may carry off the plunder and livestock for yourselves. Set an ambush for the city behind it.' So Joshua rose and all the fighting men with him to go up against Ai. And Joshua chose thirty thousand men of valor and sent them away by night. And he commanded them, 'Look, lie in ambush against the city behind it; do not go very far from the city; and be all of you ready.'

'And I and all the people who are with me will come near the city. It shall be, when they come out against us as at the first, that we will flee before them.'

'They will come out after us until they have lured us away from the city, for they will say, ‘‘They are fleeing before us as before,’’ and we will flee before them.'

'Then you shall rise up from the ambush and take the city; and the LORD your God will give it into your hand.'

'And it shall be, when you have taken the city, that you shall set the city on fire, according to the word of the LORD. See, I have commanded you.' So Joshua sent them, and they went to the ambush, and they lodged between Bethel and Ai, to the west of Ai. Joshua lodged that night among the people. And Joshua rose early in the morning and mustered the people; and he and the elders of Israel went up before the people to Ai.

All the fighting men who were with him went up and drew near and came opposite the city and camped north of Ai; and there was a ravine between them and Ai. And he took about five thousand men and set them to lie in ambush between Bethel and Ai, to the west of the city. And they stationed the whole camp north of the city and to the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the ravine.

When the king of Ai saw it, he and all his people hurried and rose early and went out to meet Israel to battle at the appointed place in the plain; he did not know that there was an ambush against him behind the city.

Then Joshua and all Israel made themselves appear before them and turned in flight by the way of the wilderness.

All the men of Ai cried out after them to pursue them; and they chased after Joshua; and they were drawn away from the city. And there was not a man left in Ai or in Bethel who did not go out after Israel; they left the city wide open and pursued them. And the LORD said to Joshua, 'Stretch out the spear that is in your hand toward Ai, for I will give it into your hand.' So Joshua stretched out the spear that was in his hand toward the city. And the ambush rose quickly from their place and ran as soon as he stretched out his hand; they entered the city and took it, and they quickly set the city on fire.

When the men of Ai looked back, behold, the smoke of the city ascended to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that; for the men who were fleeing to the wilderness were turned back against those pursuing them. So Joshua and all Israel turned back and struck the men of Ai, for the ambush had taken the city and the smoke of the city had gone up; and they struck the men of Ai.

Those who had come out of the city to meet them became Israel's prey; some fell on one side, and some on the other, until none remained who survived or escaped. And they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua. And it came to pass, when Israel had finished slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field in the wilderness where they chased them, that they fell by the edge of the sword until they were finished; and all the people of Ai were put to the sword.

There fell that day from the people of Ai, man and woman, twelve thousand — all the people of Ai. And Joshua did not withdraw his hand which he had stretched out, until he had destroyed completely all the inhabitants of Ai.

Only the livestock and the plunder of the city they took as booty for themselves, in accordance with the word of the LORD which he had commanded Joshua. And Joshua burned Ai and made it a heap forever, a desolation, as it is to this day. And they hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his body down from the tree and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and they raised over it a great heap of stones, which stands to this day.