The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate
Jeremiah 52:1-30
Jer.52.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ואחת: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,f
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- ואחת: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,f
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- חמוטל: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלבנה: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:18 (verbal): Gives the same biographical data: Zedekiah was 21 when he began to reign, reigned 11 years in Jerusalem, and names his mother Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah (verbal parallel).
- 2 Chronicles 36:11 (verbal): Repeats the identical notice about Zedekiah’s age, length of reign, and his mother Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah (verbal parallel in Chronicles' royal summary).
- Jeremiah 39:1-10 (structural): Narrates the fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah’s capture—material that Jeremiah 52 later summarizes; the account in ch. 52 functions as a recapitulation of these events.
- 2 Kings 25:6-7 (thematic): Describes the capture of Zedekiah at Riblah, the killing of his sons, and his being blinded and taken to Babylon—consequences thematically tied to the reign introduced in 52:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign; he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Hamutal daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
- Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem; his mother's name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
Jer.52.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהויקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:19 (verbal): Gives the same evaluative formula about Zedekiah: 'he did evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done' — a near-verbatim parallel.
- 2 Chronicles 36:11-12 (verbal): Chronicles repeats the notice that Zedekiah 'did evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done,' echoing the same assessment.
- Jeremiah 22:18-19 (thematic): Pronounces judgment on Jehoiakim for his wickedness (including burial shame), providing the prophetic background for why Zedekiah's imitation of Jehoiakim is condemned.
- Jeremiah 36:30 (allusion): Prophecy that Jehoiakim will have no one to sit on David's throne because of his deeds — connects to the consequences and notoriety of Jehoiakim's evil referenced in Jer 52:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD, as Jehoiakim had done.
- He did evil in the sight of the LORD, as Jehoiakim had done.
Jer.52.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- על: PREP
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויהודה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- השליכו: VERB,hif,impv,2,m,pl
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- מעל: PREP
- פניו: NOUN,m,pl,cons+3,m,sg
- וימרד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- במלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:20 (verbal): Parallel historical summary language about the LORD removing Judah/Jerusalem from His presence and the exile under Babylon; Jeremiah 52 repeats this judgment tradition found here.
- 2 Kings 25:3 (structural): Narrative parallel describing the Babylonian siege in the days of Zedekiah; both verses form part of the same historical account of Jerusalem’s fall and Zedekiah’s rebellion.
- 2 Chronicles 36:12 (verbal): Direct parallel reporting that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon and linking his reign to the LORD’s judgment on Jerusalem and Judah.
- Ezekiel 17:15-18 (allusion): Prophetic reflection on Zedekiah’s alliance/rebellion against Babylon and the resulting divine judgment—theologically explains the political act mentioned in Jeremiah 52:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- For because of the LORD this came upon Jerusalem and Judah, until He cast them out from His presence; and Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.
- For the LORD's wrath was against Jerusalem and Judah, and He had cast them away from His presence; Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.
Jer.52.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- התשעית: ADJ,ord,f,sg,def
- למלכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- העשירי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעשור: PREP+NUM,ord,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוכדראצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- חילו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pr3ms
- על: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויחנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- ויבנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- דיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:10 (verbal): Nearly identical dating and report: 'In the ninth year, in the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came against Jerusalem and besieged it'—a close verbal parallel to Jeremiah 52:4.
- 2 Kings 25:1 (verbal): Repeats the siege dating and circumstance—Nebuchadnezzar and his army encamping against Jerusalem and building siegeworks—corresponding closely to Jeremiah 52:4.
- Jeremiah 39:1 (verbal): Within the same book, this verse gives the same chronological notice of Nebuchadnezzar's coming in the ninth year, tenth month, and the siege of Jerusalem—an internal parallel/retelling of the event.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-20 (thematic): Summarizes the fall of Judah under Nebuchadnezzar and the exile—thematically parallels Jeremiah 52:4's account of Babylonian attack and subsequent consequences for Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and all his army came against Jerusalem and encamped against it; and they built siegeworks against it all around.
- Now in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and all his army came against Jerusalem and encamped against it and built siegeworks against it round about.
Jer.52.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ותבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- במצור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- עשתי: NUM,card,sg
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:1 (quotation): Parallel narrative: Nebuchadnezzar and the host besiege Jerusalem — direct historical parallel to Jeremiah’s account of the city being besieged.
- Jeremiah 39:1 (verbal): Same event within Jeremiah’s narrative: account of Nebuchadnezzar’s siege and assault on Jerusalem, closely corresponding in wording and chronology.
- 2 Chronicles 36:11-17 (thematic): Summarizes Zedekiah’s reign and the consequences — the siege and fall of Jerusalem are presented as the climax of Judah’s disobedience, paralleling Jeremiah’s historical note.
- Ezekiel 24:2 (allusion): Ezekiel dates and calls attention to ‘the day of the siege’ of Jerusalem; prophetic reference to the same siege event reflected in Jeremiah 52:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the city was besieged until the fourteenth year of King Zedekiah.
- And the city was besieged until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah.
Jer.52.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- הרביעי: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- בתשעה: PREP+NUM,ord,m,sg,abs
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויחזק: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הרעב: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ולא: CONJ
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לעם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:3 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: the siege intensified in the fourth month, the ninth day, and famine prevailed so there was no bread for the people of the land (direct parallel in the Deuteronomic account).
- Jeremiah 39:1-2 (structural): Same overall narrative of the Babylonian siege and capture of Jerusalem; these verses describe the siege and its escalation that culminates in the famine and fall recorded in Jeremiah 52:6.
- Lamentations 2:11 (thematic): Lament's lament over Jerusalem emphasizes suffering, fainting children and the emotional and physical toll of the siege—echoing the famine and lack of food in Jeremiah 52:6.
- Lamentations 4:10 (thematic): Graphic depiction of extreme hunger during the siege (including mothers boiling their children) that amplifies the reality of famine and food exhaustion described in Jeremiah 52:6.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the fourth month, on the ninth day of the month, the famine was severe in the city; there was no bread for the people of the land.
- In the fourth month, on the ninth day of the month, the famine was severe in the city—there was no bread for the people of the land.
Jer.52.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ותבקע: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- יברחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- מהעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בין: PREP
- החמתים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- גן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכשדים: CONJ+NOUN,ethn,pl,m,abs
- על: PREP
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הערבה: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Jeremiah 39:4 (verbal): Almost identical wording in the earlier account of Jerusalem’s fall — the city is breached and the fighting men flee by night through the gate between the two walls toward the Arabah.
- 2 Kings 25:4 (verbal): Parallel report in the Deuteronomistic history describing the city’s breach and the flight of the soldiers by night through the gate between the two walls toward the plain (Arabah).
- 2 Kings 25:5–7 (structural): Continues the Deuteronomistic narrative of Zedekiah’s capture after the same breakout attempt — complements v.7 by narrating the pursuit, capture, and subsequent fate of Zedekiah and his sons.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17–21 (thematic): Chronicles’ summary of Jerusalem’s fall and Judah’s exile shares the same theme of siege, destruction, and deportation that frames the account of the city being breached and people fleeing.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the city was breached, and all the soldiers fled and went out of the city by night through the gate between the two walls, which is by the king's garden—though the Chaldeans were all around the city—and they went by the Arabah.
- Then the city was broken into, and all the men of war fled and went out of the city by night by the gate between the two walls, which is by the king's garden—(now the Chaldeans were against the city round about)—and they went by way of the plain.
Jer.52.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וירדפו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כשדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וישיגו: VERB,hifil,imperfect,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בערבת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ירחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- חילו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pr3ms
- נפצו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- מעליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:6 (quotation): Direct parallel account in Kings: Babylonian forces overtake Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho and his host flees (nearly identical narrative wording).
- Jeremiah 39:5 (verbal): Same event narrated earlier in Jeremiah: the Babylonian army captures Zedekiah after pursuing him, with similar language about his forces abandoning him.
- 2 Kings 25:7 (thematic): Follows the Kings account of Zedekiah’s capture—continues the narrative of his seizure, judgment at Riblah, and the fate of his sons and eyes, thematically linked to the pursuit and capture in v.6.
- 2 Chronicles 36:12-13 (thematic): Chronicles summarizes Zedekiah’s reign and rebellion against Babylon; thematically explains the cause (rebellion) that leads to his flight, capture, and the collapse of his army described in Jeremiah 52:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the army of the Chaldeans pursued the king and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.
- But the Chaldean army pursued after the king; and they overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho, and all his army deserted him.
Jer.52.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתפשו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- אל: NEG
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רבלתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- וידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אתו: PRON,3,m,sg,acc
- משפטים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:6–7 (verbal): Direct parallel account: Nebuchadnezzar seizes Zedekiah, brings him to Riblah in the land of Hamath, and pronounces judgment—same events and language as Jeremiah 52:9–11.
- Jeremiah 39:5–7 (verbal): Earlier narrative within Jeremiah that recounts Zedekiah’s capture, transport to Riblah, and the Babylonian judgment—essentially the same episode repeated in chapter 52.
- 2 Chronicles 36:11–17 (thematic): Chronicles’ summary of Zedekiah’s revolt and Judah’s punishment by Nebuchadnezzar; parallels the theme of royal capture, judgment, and the fall of Jerusalem.
- 2 Kings 24:12–16 (structural): Parallel royal-exile motif: account of the Babylonian removal of a Judean king (Jehoiachin) to Babylon—shares the motif of a king seized and taken into Babylonian custody, though a different king and occasion.
Alternative generated candidates
- They took the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah in the land of Hamath; and the king of Babylon pronounced judgment on him.
- They took the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath, where he pronounced judgment upon him.
Jer.52.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וישחט: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לעיניו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וגם: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- שרי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- שחט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ברבלתה: PREP+NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs,3,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:6-7 (quotation): Deuteronomistic parallel giving the same report: at Riblah Nebuchadnezzar had Zedekiah’s sons killed before him and executed Judah’s princes (same event described in slightly different wording).
- Jeremiah 39:6-7 (verbal): Earlier account within Jeremiah’s narrative: the same scene at Riblah—Zedekiah’s sons are slaughtered before his eyes and he is then bound and taken to Babylon (closely corresponding wording and sequence).
- Jeremiah 52:11 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same chapter: follows the slaughter of Zedekiah’s sons by recounting that Nebuchadnezzar put out Zedekiah’s eyes and carried him to Babylon, completing the episode.
- 2 Chronicles 36:11-13 (thematic): Chronicles’ summary of Zedekiah’s reign and rebellion against Babylon; while it does not retell the Riblah execution in the same detail, it provides the parallel theme of Zedekiah’s downfall and Judah’s punishment by Nebuchadnezzar.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes; also the king of Babylon slew all the nobles of Judah at Riblah.
- And the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes; also all the princes of Judah he put to death at Riblah.
Jer.52.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
- צדקיהו: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאסרהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- בנחשתים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ויבאהו: CONJ+VERB,hiph,perf,3,mp
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בבלה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ויתנהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj3ms
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפקדת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עד: PREP
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מותו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 39:7 (quotation): An immediate parallel earlier in Jeremiah recounting the same incident: Nebuchadnezzar put out Zedekiah’s eyes, bound him with bronze, and carried him to Babylon.
- 2 Kings 25:7 (quotation): Independent historical account in Kings that repeats the same details of Zedekiah’s blinding, binding, and removal to Babylon.
- 2 Kings 24:17-20 (structural): Background context in Kings showing Nebuchadnezzar’s installation of Zedekiah as king and Babylonian dominance that leads to his eventual capture and punishment.
- 2 Chronicles 36:11-21 (thematic): Chronicles summarizes Zedekiah’s wicked reign, Jerusalem’s fall, and the exile—paralleling the outcome and divine judgment described in Jeremiah 52:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- He put out the eyes of Zedekiah, bound him with bronze fetters, and carried him to Babylon; and he was put in prison till the day of his death.
- He also put out the eyes of Zedekiah, bound him with fetters of brass, and carried him to Babylon; and he put him in prison till the day of his death.
Jer.52.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובחדש: PREP
- החמישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעשור: PREP
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- שנת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- תשע: NUM,card
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נבוכדראצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוזראדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לפני: PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:8 (verbal): Nearly identical dating and action: the tenth day of the fifth month in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar, and Nebuzaradan the captain entering Jerusalem — close verbal parallel.
- 2 Kings 25:1-12 (structural): Shared narrative of Jerusalem’s siege, capture, and aftermath; Jeremiah 52 largely parallels and supplements the account found here in Kings.
- Jeremiah 39:1-10 (structural): An earlier account within Jeremiah of the fall of Jerusalem and Nebuzaradan’s role; Jeremiah 52 repeats and expands material from chapter 39.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-21 (thematic): Chronicles’ summary of Nebuchadnezzar’s invasion, destruction of the temple, and deportation of Judah parallels the events dated and described in Jeremiah 52:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month—this was the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon—Nebuzaradan the chief of the executioners, who served before the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem.
- Now in the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month (which was the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon), Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard—an officer of the king of Babylon—came to Jerusalem.
Jer.52.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וישרף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- בתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,1cs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- שרף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:9 (verbal): Direct parallel historical report: Nebuzaradan (Nebuchadnezzar's captain) burned the house of the LORD, the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem; every great man's house was burned—near-verbatim account of the same event.
- Jeremiah 39:8-10 (verbal): Earlier narrative within Jeremiah describing the fall of Jerusalem and the burning of the house of the LORD and the king's house by Babylonian forces; recounts the same destruction.
- 2 Chronicles 36:19-20 (verbal): Chronicles' summary of the Babylonian conquest: the temple was burned, the city torn down, and survivors carried to Babylon—corroborating account of the temple and Jerusalem being destroyed by fire.
- Psalm 79:1-5 (thematic): Communal lament over nations defiling God's sanctuary and laying Jerusalem in ruins; thematically parallels the devastation of the temple, the city, and suffering of the people described in Jeremiah 52:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- He burned the house of the LORD, the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem; every great house he burned with fire.
- And he burned the house of the LORD, the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem; every great house he burned with fire.
Jer.52.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- חמות: NOUN,f,pl,cs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סביב: ADV
- נתצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כשדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- את: PRT,acc
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:18-19 (quotation): Parallel narrative of Nebuzaradan bringing Jerusalem’s military leaders to Riblah where the king of Babylon executed them; an essentially identical account of the killing of the chiefs of the fighting men.
- Jeremiah 39:9 (quotation): Earlier account within Jeremiah of the captain of the guard taking the city’s officers to Riblah and the king of Babylon putting them to death — same event repeated in 52:14.
- Jeremiah 52:15 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same chapter giving surrounding details about the spoils and the fate of those left in the city; part of the same narrative unit describing Jerusalem’s fall.
- 2 Chronicles 36:19-20 (thematic): Chronicles records the destruction of Jerusalem and the deportation by Nebuchadnezzar; thematically linked as part of the Babylonian conquest and exile that explains the execution and removal of Jerusalem’s leaders.
Alternative generated candidates
- All the army of the Chaldeans who were with the chief of the executioners broke down the walls of Jerusalem all around.
- All the walls of Jerusalem round about were broken down by the Chaldean army that was with the captain of the guard.
Jer.52.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ומדלות: NOUN,f,pl,const
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- יתר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הנשארים: PART,m,pl,def
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- הנפלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נפלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- יתר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- האמון: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הגלה: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוזראדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:11-12 (verbal): Nearly identical report of Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carrying off the remnant of the people, those remaining in the city, and leaving some poor in the land—direct parallel account of the deportation.
- 2 Kings 24:14 (verbal): Earlier deportation by the Babylonian king listing Jehoiachin, the princes, and specifically the artisans and craftsmen taken to Babylon—corresponds to Jeremiah's mention of the remaining craftsmen/expert workers.
- Jeremiah 39:10 (verbal): Parallel narrative within Jeremiah that uses the same official (Nebuzaradan) and similar language about who was taken and who was left in the land—overlapping eyewitness/authorial account of the fall and exile.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20-21 (thematic): The Chronicler's summary of Judah's exile to Babylon and the depopulation/desolation of the land echoes the theme of deportation and removal of the people found in Jeremiah 52:15.
Alternative generated candidates
- Nebuzaradan the chief of the executioners carried into exile the remnant of the people who remained in the city, and those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the populace.
- And Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away as captives the remnant of the people who remained in the city, the fugitives who had deserted to the king of Babylon, and the rest of the multitude.
Jer.52.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ומדלות: CONJ,NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- השאיר: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוזראדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכרמים: PREP,NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וליגבים: CONJ,PREP,NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 39:10 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel within Jeremiah: Nebuzaradan left some of the poorest of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen (same event repeated in ch. 52).
- 2 Kings 25:12 (verbal): Parallel account in Kings describing Nebuzaradan leaving some of the poor of the land to till vineyards and fields — essentially the same detail as Jer 52:16.
- Isaiah 5:1-7 (thematic): Uses the vineyard/vinedressers motif to speak of Israel's stewardship and judgment; thematically connects to the image of people left to tend vineyards in Jer 52:16.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20-21 (thematic): Describes the exile and the land lying desolate until the seventy years are fulfilled; provides a thematic contrast to Jer 52:16 where some inhabitants are left to work the land after the conquest.
Alternative generated candidates
- But of the poorest of the land he left some to be vinedressers and plowmen.
- But of the poorest of the land he left some to be vinedressers and husbandmen.
Jer.52.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- עמודי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הנחשת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- המכנות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- הנחשת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כשדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וישאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- נחשתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- בבלה: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (quotation): Direct parallel account of the Babylonian destruction and looting of the temple; lists the breaking of the bronze pillars, the stands, and the molten sea and their removal to Babylon (same event as Jeremiah 52:17).
- 2 Chronicles 36:18-19 (allusion): Summarizes the exile and the removal/burning of temple vessels by the Chaldeans—thematic parallel emphasizing temple desecration and plunder.
- 1 Kings 7:15-22 (verbal): Original description of the bronze pillars (Jachin and Boaz), the stands, and related bronze work made by Solomon—identifies the specific temple furnishings later broken and taken.
- 2 Chronicles 4:2-5 (structural): Detailed description of the 'molten sea' (its form and supports) in Solomon's temple—corresponds to the 'sea' mentioned in Jeremiah as one of the items broken and carried off.
Alternative generated candidates
- As for the bronze pillars, the stands, and the sea that were in the house of the LORD, the Chaldeans broke them in pieces and carried all the bronze off to Babylon.
- The bronze pillars that were in the house of the LORD, and the stands, and the great sea of bronze that was in the house of the LORD—the Chaldeans broke them in pieces and carried all the bronze to Babylon.
Jer.52.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- הסרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- היעים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המזמרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המזרקת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הכפות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- כל: DET
- כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- הנחשת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- ישרתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
- בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לקחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (verbal): A nearly identical inventory of temple vessels carried off by Nebuchadnezzar’s officers; the lists of basins, pans, and other temple utensils correspond closely to Jeremiah 52:18.
- 2 Chronicles 36:18-19 (verbal): Chronicles records the Babylonian removal of the temple articles and the exile, echoing the same action of taking the house of the LORD’s vessels into Babylon.
- Daniel 1:2 (thematic): Briefly notes that Nebuchadnezzar took some articles from the house of God to the land of Shinar (Babylon), thematically paralleling the removal of temple vessels in Jeremiah 52:18.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (allusion): Records Cyrus’s decree and the return of the temple vessels taken to Babylon, listing items and their restoration—serves as the restorative counterpart to the removal described in Jeremiah 52:18.
Alternative generated candidates
- They took away the pots, the caldrons, the pans, the bowls, the basins, and all the bronze utensils with which they ministered, and carried them away.
- They took away the pots, the shovels, the basins, the bowls, the ladles, and all the vessels of bronze for ministering.
Jer.52.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- הספים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המחתות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המזרקות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הסירות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המנרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הכפות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- ואת: CONJ
- המנקיות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (verbal): Almost identical inventory of the temple vessels seized by Nebuchadnezzar—lists bowls, basins, lampstands, cups, and other gold and silver articles taken to Babylon.
- 1 Kings 7:48-50 (structural): Catalogue of the furnishings Solomon made for the temple (bowls, pots, lampstands, pans, and other vessels), providing the original inventory that Jeremiah/Jer.52 describes as later plundered.
- Ezra 1:7-11 (thematic): Records Cyrus’ decree to return the articles of the house of the Lord that Nebuchadnezzar had carried into Babylon—connects the same kinds of gold and silver temple vessels mentioned in Jeremiah 52:19.
- 2 Chronicles 36:18-19 (allusion): Describes Nebuchadnezzar carrying off all the treasures of the house of the Lord and burning the temple—contextual parallel about the removal and fate of the temple’s sacred vessels.
Alternative generated candidates
- The censers, the bowls, the basins, the lampstands, the dishes, the sprinkling bowls—of gold and of silver—the chief of the executioners took away.
- The basins, the firepans, the bowls, the cups, the lampstands, the spoons, the censers—whatever was of gold they took as gold, and whatever was of silver they took as silver; Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them away.
Jer.52.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- העמודים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- והבקר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תחת: PREP
- המכנות: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שלמה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משקל: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- לנחשתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:15-22 (verbal): Detailed description of Solomon’s two bronze pillars (height, capitals with network and lilies, five-cubit capitals) — essentially the same specifications as in Jer 52:20.
- 2 Chronicles 4:11-12 (verbal): Parallel account of the two pillars (Jachin and Boaz) set up at the temple porch with similar details about their workmanship and placement.
- 2 Chronicles 3:15 (structural): Notes the setting up of the two pillars at the temple entrance, providing the broader architectural context echoed in Jer 52:20.
- 2 Kings 25:13-17 (thematic): Lists the temple furnishings seized by the Babylonian commander (including pillars and other bronze items), linking Jer 52:20’s description of the temple bronzework to its later removal.
Alternative generated candidates
- The two pillars, the sea, and the twelve oxen under the stands—this was the work of King Solomon for the house of the LORD; there was no weight found for the bronze of all these vessels.
- The two pillars, the sea, and the twelve bulls under it that Solomon made for the house of the LORD were of bronze; there was no weight found to weigh the bronze of all these vessels.
Jer.52.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והעמודים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,def
- שמנה: NUM,card,f,pl,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קומת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- העמד: VERB,pi'el,ptc,3,m,sg
- האחד: PRON,indef,sg,m
- וחוט: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- אמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יסבנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+POSS3,ms
- ועביו: NOUN,m,sg,suff
- ארבע: NUM,card,f
- אצבעות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- נבוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- 1 Kings 7:15 (verbal): Gives the same measurements for the two bronze pillars: eighteen cubits in height and a line (circumference) of twelve cubits—verbal parallel to the dimensions in Jer 52:21.
- 1 Kings 7:16-22 (structural): Describes the capitals/chapiters, the network/knotted work and pomegranates and the hollow—parallels the description of the tops and workmanship of the pillars in Jer 52:21.
- 2 Kings 25:17 (quotation): Parallel account of the fate of the temple pillars at the hands of the Babylonian captors; Jeremiah 52 repeats this narrative and uses similar language about the pillars.
- 2 Chronicles 3:15 (structural): Records the erection of the two pillars (Jachin and Boaz) before the temple—structural parallel regarding the existence, placement and identity of the temple pillars mentioned in Jer 52:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- The height of each pillar was eighteen cubits, and the capital on each pillar was twelve cubits; the circumference of each was twelve cubits, and its thickness four fingers.
- The height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; a fillet of twelve cubits encompassed it, and its thickness was four fingers.
Jer.52.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וכתרת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וקומת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- הכתרת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- האחת: NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמש: NUM,card,f,sg
- אמות: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ושבכה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ורמונים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- על: PREP
- הכותרת: DET+NOUN,f,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
- הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכאלה: CONJ+DEM,pl
- לעמוד: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ורמונים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:17-18 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel in the Deuteronomistic account describing the bronze capitals, the network and the rows of pomegranates on the temple pillars that Nebuzaradan removed; close verbal and thematic correspondence to Jeremiah 52:22.
- 1 Kings 7:15-22 (verbal): Detailed description of Solomon’s two bronze pillars, their capitals (crowns), the latticework (network) and the rows of pomegranates — the cultic decorative tradition echoed in Jeremiah 52:22.
- 2 Chronicles 4:3-5 (verbal): Chronicles’ retelling of the temple furnishings includes the bronze capitals, network and pomegranates on the pillars, paralleling the material and imagery of Jeremiah 52:22.
- 2 Chronicles 3:15 (structural): Notes the setting/placement of the two temple pillars and their capitals (Jachin and Boaz); provides the broader architectural context for the capitals and ornamentation described in Jeremiah 52:22.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the capital on the top of the one pillar was five cubits in height; there was a network and pomegranates on the capital all around; so likewise on the other pillar and its pomegranates.
- There was a capital of brass upon it; the height of the capital was five cubits, with a latticework and pomegranates upon the capital round about—all of brass; thus for the second pillar also and its pomegranates.
Jer.52.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הרמנים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- תשעים: NUM,card,pl,m
- וששה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl
- רוחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- הרמונים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מאה: NUM,f,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- השבכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:24 (verbal): Direct parallel account in the Deuteronomistic history listing the eunuchs in the king's house; numbers and wording closely correspond (variant manuscript differences exist).
- Jeremiah 39:3 (structural): Another account within Jeremiah's narrative of the fall of Jerusalem and the officials present—part of the same historical episode to which Jer. 52 belongs.
- Esther 2:3 (thematic): Describes eunuchs serving in the royal household (preparing virgins for the king), illustrating the common role of eunuchs in ancient Near Eastern courts similar to those 'in the king's house' in Jer. 52:23.
- Isaiah 56:3-5 (thematic): Offers a theological perspective on eunuchs—promising inclusion and an everlasting name—providing a contrasting treatment of eunuchs' social and religious status to the administrative role noted in Jer. 52:23.
Alternative generated candidates
- There were ninety-six pomegranates on the two networks; a hundred were on each network all around.
- There were ninety-six pomegranates on the two networks; a hundred pomegranates were upon the lattice round about.
Jer.52.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- שריה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- הראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- צפניה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- המשנה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- שמרי: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- הסף: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Jeremiah 39:3 (verbal): Nearly identical account earlier in Jeremiah: the captain of the guard seizes the chief priest Seraiah, Zephaniah the second priest, and the three doorkeepers — same names and action, duplicate narrative of Jerusalem's fall.
- 2 Kings 25:18-21 (verbal): Parallel account in Kings that lists the same priests and gatekeepers taken by the captain of the guard; v.21 goes on to report Seraiah's fate (sent to Riblah and executed), linking the individuals named here to their ultimate outcome.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-21 (thematic): Chronicles retells the fall of Jerusalem and the exile—theme of deportation and removal of temple persons and goods—provides broader cultic and national context for the seizure of priests and attendants.
- Jeremiah 52:25 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same chapter listing additional persons taken captive and the total numbers deported to Babylon, situating verse 24 within the larger inventory of captives.
Alternative generated candidates
- Nebuzaradan the chief of the executioners took Seraiah the chief priest, Zephaniah the second priest, and the three doorkeepers.
- Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took the chief priest, Zephaniah the second priest, and the three keepers of the threshold.
Jer.52.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ומן: CONJ+PREP
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- סריס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- א: PRT
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- פקיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- המלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ושבעה: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מראי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נמצאו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,pl
- בעיר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הצבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המצבא: VERB,qal,ptcp,0,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וששים: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעם: PREP
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הנמצאים: ADJ,part,m,pl,def
- בתוך: PREP
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:18-19 (verbal): Direct parallel/duplicate wording — lists the same officials taken from the city (a eunuch over the officers, seven of the king's counsellors, the scribe of the captain who mustered the people, and sixty men of the land).
- Jeremiah 39:13-14 (structural): Earlier account in Jeremiah of Nebuzaradan's removal of Jerusalem's leaders and people; relates to the same deportations and disposition of officials described in Jer 52:25.
- Jeremiah 52:27 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same chapter — verse 27 records that Nebuzaradan brought these prisoners to the king of Babylon at Riblah, linking the list in v.25 to their fate.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20-21 (thematic): The Chronicler's summary of Judah's exile and the carrying of people to Babylon parallels the broader theme of deportation of officials and populace found in Jer 52:25.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the city he took one eunuch who had charge of the men of war, and seven men who were attendants to the king found in the city, and the scribe of the captain of the army who mustered the people of the land, and sixty men of the people of the land who were found in the city.
- Out of the city he took a eunuch who had charge of the men of war, and seven men of the king's counselors who were found in the city, and the official who mustered the people of the land, and sixty men of the people of the land who were found within the city.
Jer.52.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- נבוזראדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וילך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- אל: NEG
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רבלתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:6 (verbal): Direct parallel account of Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard taking the prisoners to the king of Babylon at Riblah (same action and phrasing).
- Jeremiah 39:9 (verbal): Earlier chapter in Jeremiah recounting the fall of Jerusalem where Nebuzaradan carries off captives and deals with the city—parallel report of the captain’s actions and the transfer to Babylon/Riblah.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20-21 (thematic): Summarizes Judah’s exile to Babylon and the removal of the people and sacred articles—thematically parallel to the deportations executed by Nebuzaradan described in Jer 52:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- Nebuzaradan the chief of the executioners took them and brought them to the king of Babylon at Riblah.
- Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah.
Jer.52.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויכה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וימתם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ברבלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ויגל: VERB,qal,wayyiq,3,m,sg
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- מעל: PREP
- אדמתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:6-7 (verbal): Describes the same event at Riblah in the land of Hamath where the king of Babylon dealt with Judah's leaders (execution/judgment) — a close verbal parallel to Jer 52:27.
- 2 Kings 25:21 (structural): Reports the carrying away/exile of Judah to Babylon after the fall of Jerusalem, paralleling Jer 52:27's statement that Judah was carried from their land.
- Jeremiah 39:5-7 (verbal): An earlier account in Jeremiah of the capture and treatment of Judah's king and officials at Riblah, closely paralleling the scene and wording in Jer 52:27.
- 2 Chronicles 36:19-20 (thematic): Summarizes the destruction of Jerusalem and the exile to Babylon — thematically parallel in describing Judah's removal from the land and the consequences of the Babylonian conquest.
Alternative generated candidates
- The king of Babylon struck them down and put them to death at Riblah in the land of Hamath; thus Judah was carried away out of its land.
- Then the king of Babylon executed them at Riblah in the land of Hamath; and Judah was carried away out of its land.
Jer.52.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הגלה: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוכדראצר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שבע: NUM,card
- יהודים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ושלשה: CONJ+NUM,card,pl,m
Parallels
- Jeremiah 52:29 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same chapter listing the second group carried into exile (the 18th year, 832 persons); part of the tripartite tally of deportations.
- Jeremiah 52:30 (structural): Continuation of the same inventory listing the third deportation (the 23rd year, 745 persons); completes the chapter’s summary of exiled Judeans.
- 2 Kings 24:10-16 (thematic): Narrates Nebuchadnezzar’s siege and the exile of King Jehoiachin and others to Babylon, paralleling the historical events behind Jeremiah’s numerical summary of deportations.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-20 (thematic): Describes Judah’s punishment and the carrying of people and temple treasures to Babylon, providing a broader theological and historical parallel to Jeremiah’s account of deportation.
Alternative generated candidates
- This is the people whom Nebuchadnezzar carried away: in the seventh year, three thousand and twenty-three Jews.
- This is the number of the people whom Nebuchadnezzar carried away: in the seventh year, 3,023 Jews.
Jer.52.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שמונה: NUM,card,f,sg
- עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
- לנבוכדראצר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמנה: NUM,card,f,pl,abs
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שלשים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- ושנים: CONJ+NUM,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 24:12–16 (verbal): Parallel account of Nebuchadnezzar's deportations from Jerusalem; repeats the report of people taken captive and related details found in Jeremiah 52.
- 2 Kings 25:8–11 (structural): Narrative of Jerusalem's capture and the deportation carried out by Nebuzaradan on Nebuchadnezzar's orders—same historical event and outcome described in Jeremiah 52:29.
- Jeremiah 39:1–10 (structural): Earlier chapter in Jeremiah that narrates the fall of Jerusalem and the exile; Jeremiah 52 restates and expands this material, including the deportations.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20–21 (thematic): Summary statement of the Babylonian exile and its purpose (desolation until the seventy years); thematically parallels Jeremiah 52's record of those carried into Babylon.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar from Jerusalem, eight hundred and thirty-two persons were taken.
- In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar he carried away from Jerusalem 832 persons.
Jer.52.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
- לנבוכדראצר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הגלה: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- נבוזראדן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- טבחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהודים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שבע: NUM,card
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
- כל: DET
- נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארבעת: NUM,m,pl,cs
- אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ושש: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:8-11 (verbal): Same figure (Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard) and the same action: burning the temple area and carrying the remnant of the people into exile—direct narrative parallel to Jeremiah's report of deportations.
- Jeremiah 39:9-10 (verbal): Earlier chapter in Jeremiah that refers to Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard and his treatment of Jeremiah and the people—shares wording and the role of Nebuzaradan in the deportations.
- 2 Chronicles 36:20-21 (thematic): Summarizes the Babylonian exile (carrying the people to Babylon and their servitude) as the theological explanation for Judah’s destruction—thematic parallel about the deportations recorded in Jeremiah 52:30.
- Ezra 2:1-70 (structural): A post-exilic census/list of returnees that functions as a counterpart to Jeremiah’s census-like listing of those deported (Jer 52:28–30); both passages catalogue population movements and numbers.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the twenty-third year of Nebuchadnezzar, Nebuzaradan the chief of the executioners carried away seven hundred and forty-five Jews; all the persons numbered four thousand six hundred.
- In the twenty-third year of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away 745 Jews; all the persons were 4,600.
Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. His mother's name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
He did what was evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.
For the LORD's wrath was against Jerusalem and Judah until he had cast them out from his presence; and Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon. And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and all his host came against Jerusalem and encamped against it; they built siegeworks against it round about. So the city was besieged until the eleventh year of King Zedekiah. And in the fourth month, on the ninth day of the month, the famine prevailed in the city; there was no bread for the people of the land.
Then the city was breached, and all the men of war fled and went out of the city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls which is by the king's garden, though the Chaldeans were round about the city; and they went by the plain. But the army of the Chaldeans pursued the king, and they overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army fled from him.
Then they took the king and brought him up to the king of Babylon to Riblah in the land of Hamath; and they passed sentence upon him. And the king of Babylon slew the sons of Zedekiah before his eyes; also the king of Babylon put to death all the princes of Judah at Riblah.
Moreover he put out the eyes of Zedekiah and bound him with bronze fetters, and carried him to Babylon and put him in prison till the day of his death.
In the fifth month, on the tenth day of the month—this was the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon—Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard, who stood before the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem. And he burned the house of the LORD, the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem; every great house he burned with fire. And all the wall around Jerusalem the Chaldeans broke down.
Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away the remnant of the people who remained in the city, and those who had deserted to the king of Babylon, together with the rest of the multitude. But of the poor of the land he left certain to be vinedressers and plowmen. And the bronze pillars that were in the house of the LORD, and the stands, and the molten sea, the Chaldeans broke in pieces and carried the bronze of them to Babylon.
Also the pots, the shovels, the basins, the fleshhooks, the bowls, and all the bronze utensils used in the service of the house of the LORD, the Chaldeans took away. And the censers, the snuffers, the basins, the spoons, the lampstands, the bowls, and all the vessels of gold and silver the captain of the guard took away.
The two pillars, the one sea, and the twelve bulls under the bases—what Solomon made for the house of the LORD—there was no weight found for the bronze of all these articles.
The height of one pillar was eighteen cubits; and a measuring line of twelve cubits encompassed it about; and the thickness of the one pillar was four fingers; it was hollow. And there was a capital of bronze upon it; the height of the capital was five cubits, with a network and pomegranates on the capital round about—all of bronze. So likewise for the second pillar, with pomegranates.
In the network were ninety-six pomegranates; all the pomegranates were a hundred on the network round about. And the captain of the guard took Seraiah the chief priest, and Zephaniah the second priest, and the three doorkeepers.
From the city he took one eunuch who had been set over the men of war, and seven men of the king's council who were found in the city, the scribe of the captain of the army who mustered the people of the land, and sixty men of the people of the land who were found in the city.
Then Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard took them and brought them to the king of Babylon to Riblah. And the king of Babylon executed them at Riblah in the land of Hamath; so Judah was carried away out of its land.
This is the people whom Nebuchadnezzar carried away: in the seventh year he carried away three thousand and twenty-three Jews.
In the eighteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar he carried away from Jerusalem eight hundred thirty-two persons. And in the twenty-third year of Nebuchadnezzar Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away from Jerusalem seven hundred forty-five persons; thus all the persons carried away were four thousand six hundred.