Psalms 98–99
Psalm 98:1-99:9
Psa.98.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- מזמור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שירו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- שיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חדש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- נפלאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הושיעה: VERB,hiph,imp,2,ms
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- ימינו: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3ms
- וזרוע: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 96:1 (verbal): Almost identical opening command, 'Sing to the LORD a new song,' linking the same call to praise for God's deeds.
- Psalm 33:3 (verbal): Another injunction to 'Sing to him a new song,' connecting musical praise with proclamation of God's mighty acts.
- Isaiah 12:5 (verbal): 'Sing to the LORD, for he has done glorious things' echoes the reason for praise—God's wondrous/ glorious deeds made known.
- Exodus 15:1–6 (allusion): The Song of Moses celebrates God's victory with language about the LORD's right hand and mighty arm ('Your right hand, O LORD, glorious in power'), paralleling the image of salvation by God's hand and arm.
- Psalm 118:15–16 (thematic): Speaks of 'glad songs of salvation' and 'the right hand of the LORD' acting mightily—similar themes of salvation, rejoicing, and the image of God's powerful right hand.
Alternative generated candidates
- A psalm. Sing to the LORD a new song, for he has done marvelous things; his right hand and his holy arm have brought salvation.
- A psalm. Sing to the LORD a new song; for he has done marvelous deeds—his right hand and his holy arm have brought salvation.
Psa.98.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הודיע: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ישועתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
- לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- גלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- צדקתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+SFX3MS
Parallels
- Isaiah 52:10 (verbal): Speaks of God revealing salvation to the nations and being seen by all—very close language and imagery to Psalm 98:2 ('see/know salvation' before the nations).
- Psalm 96:3 (thematic): Both psalms call for making God’s salvation/glory known among the nations and peoples, linking worship with proclamation to the Gentiles.
- Isaiah 40:5 (thematic): Declares that the glory of the LORD will be revealed and seen by all flesh—parallel theme of God’s righteous saving act being made manifest to the nations.
- Luke 2:30-32 (allusion): Simeon’s song affirms that God’s salvation has been revealed and is a light for revelation to the Gentiles—New Testament fulfillment language echoing the psalm’s concern for the nations.
- Habakkuk 2:14 (thematic): Anticipates the universal knowledge/visibility of the LORD’s glory across the earth, resonating with Psalm 98:2’s emphasis on God’s salvation and righteousness being revealed to the nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD has made known his salvation; he has revealed his righteousness before the eyes of the nations.
- The LORD has revealed his salvation; he has shown his righteousness in the sight of the nations.
Psa.98.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חסדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ואמונתו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- לבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cns
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- כל: DET
- אפסי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ישועת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 98:2 (structural): Immediate context: v.2 speaks of God’s right hand and holy arm working salvation and God’s remembered steadfast love—v.3 proclaims that all the ends of the earth have seen that salvation.
- Isaiah 52:10 (verbal): Shares near-verbatim language—‘the LORD has bared his holy arm… all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God’—a close verbal and thematic parallel about universal revelation of God’s saving act.
- Isaiah 62:11 (thematic): Announces the coming of salvation to Zion and a proclamation to the ends of the earth, echoing the theme of salvation being revealed universally.
- Luke 2:30–32 (allusion): Simeon’s words ‘for my eyes have seen your salvation’ apply the psalmic motif of seeing God’s salvation and its significance for both Israel and the nations (light for revelation to the Gentiles).
- Romans 15:11 (quotation): Paul cites Psalmic language calling all nations to praise the Lord; echoes Ps.98’s emphasis that the salvation of God is to be acknowledged and celebrated by all the peoples/ends of the earth.
Alternative generated candidates
- He has remembered his steadfast love and his faithfulness to the house of Israel; all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God.
- He remembered his steadfast love and his faithfulness to the house of Israel; all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God.
Psa.98.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הריעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- פצחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ורננו: VERB,qal,impv,2,_,pl
- וזמרו: CONJ+VERB,piel,imp,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 100:1 (verbal): Almost identical summons: 'Make a joyful noise unto the LORD, all ye lands' — same call for the whole earth to shout and worship.
- Psalm 96:1 (verbal): Calls 'all the earth' to sing a new song to the LORD, sharing the verbal motif of universal praise and singing.
- Psalm 96:11-13 (thematic): Imagery of creation rejoicing ('let the earth rejoice, and the fields be joyful') parallels the cosmic, earth-wide call to shout and sing in Ps 98:4.
- Psalm 66:1-2 (verbal): 'Make a joyful noise unto God, all ye lands: sing forth the honour of his name' — a close verbal and thematic parallel emphasizing worldwide praise.
- Isaiah 12:5-6 (thematic): A prophetic call to sing and shout because of God's deeds ('Sing unto the LORD, for he hath done excellent things...Cry out and shout, thou inhabitant of Zion') echoing Ps 98:4's exhortation to the whole earth.
Alternative generated candidates
- Shout for joy to the LORD, all the earth; break forth, rejoice, and sing.
- Shout for joy to the LORD, all the earth; break forth and sing, shout and sing praises.
Psa.98.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- זמרו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- בכנור: PREP
- בכנור: PREP
- וקול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זמרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ps.33:2 (verbal): Commands praise with harp/lyre and singing—close wording and musical imagery parallel to Ps 98:5.
- Ps.147:7 (verbal): Direct exhortation to sing to the LORD and make melody on the lyre/harp, echoing the same musical praise motif.
- Ps.150:3-5 (structural): Catalogue of instruments (including harp/strings) used to praise God—same liturgical/poetic context of musical worship as Ps 98:5.
- Ps.96:1-2 (thematic): General call to 'sing to the LORD' and proclaim his salvation—shares the central theme of vocal and musical praise.
- Ps.92:1-3 (verbal): Mentions proclamation of God’s steadfast love using strings, lute and harp—parallels the specific use of harp and voice in worship found in Ps 98:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sing to the LORD with harp; with harp, and with the sound of song.
- Sing to the LORD on the lyre—on the lyre and to the sound of song.
Psa.98.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בחצצרות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וקול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שופר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הריעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- לפני: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 150:3 (verbal): Both verses explicitly call for praise with trumpets/horns (Heb. 'בחצוצרות'/'בְחָצֹצְרִים'), linking instrumental blast to worship of the LORD.
- Psalm 47:5 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD accompanied by a trumpet sound—similar language connecting trumpet/noise with divine kingship and rejoicing before God.
- 2 Samuel 6:15 (thematic): Describes the joyous procession bringing the Ark with shouts, songs and the sound of trumpets—an occasion of public rejoicing before the LORD as King.
- Joel 2:1 (allusion): Calls for the blowing of the trumpet in Zion as a summons connected with the day of the LORD; parallels the motif of sounding a horn to announce divine presence/action.
Alternative generated candidates
- With trumpets and the blast of the horn make a joyful noise before the King, the LORD.
- With trumpets and the blast of the shofar make a joyful noise before the King, the LORD.
Psa.98.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ירעם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- ומלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וישבי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 96:11-13 (verbal): A near-verbatim call for cosmic rejoicing (heavens, earth, sea, and field) similar to Psalm 98's summons to the sea and the world to rejoice.
- Psalm 98:8 (structural): Immediate continuation within the same psalm—the motif of the sea and the waters rejoicing continues with the image of the floods 'clapping' their hands.
- Isaiah 44:23 (thematic): A prophetic call for the heavens and the earth to sing and rejoice because of YHWH's saving acts—same theme of cosmic praise.
- Job 38:8-11 (allusion): God's command and restraint of the sea demonstrate divine sovereignty over the waters, the background for the psalm's image of the sea responding in praise.
- Revelation 5:13 (thematic): Eschatological scene in which every creature 'in the sea' joins in praise—reflects the biblical motif of sea and inhabitants joining in the universal worship of God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Let the sea roar, and all that fills it; the world and those who dwell in it.
- Let the sea roar and all that fills it; the world and those who dwell in it.
Psa.98.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נהרות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ימחאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,mp
- כף: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- יחד: ADV
- הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ירננו: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 96:11-12 (verbal): Uses the same summons for creation to rejoice—heavens, earth, sea and field echoing Psalm 98’s call for nature to celebrate.
- Isaiah 55:12 (verbal): Speaks of mountains and hills breaking forth into singing and trees ‘clapping hands,’ closely paralleling the imagery of rivers and mountains rejoicing.
- Psalm 65:12-13 (thematic): Portrays the hills and pastures rejoicing and shouting for joy—another psalmic depiction of nature responding with praise.
- Job 38:7 (thematic): Describes cosmic and created beings (the morning stars) singing and shouting for joy at creation—an ancient motif of creation’s praise that underlies Psalm 98’s command.
Alternative generated candidates
- Let the rivers clap their hands; let the hills sing together for joy.
- Let the rivers clap their hands; let the hills sing together for joy.
Psa.98.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לשפט: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ישפט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- תבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בצדק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- במישרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ps.96:13 (verbal): Nearly identical line: both psalms proclaim that God comes to judge the earth and will judge the world (תבל) with righteousness and the peoples with equity; Psalm 98 echoes/repeats Psalm 96.
- Ps.72:1-2 (thematic): Royal petition for the king to rule and judge the peoples with righteousness and deliver the afflicted; parallels the theme of divinely‑ordained righteous rule and judgment over nations.
- Isa.9:7 (thematic): Messianic promise that the ruler's government will be established and upheld with justice and righteousness forever, resonating with the image of God coming to judge the earth in righteousness.
- Isa.11:3-4 (thematic): Depicts the coming ruler/judge who decides with righteousness and equity for the afflicted of the earth—echoing the psalm's emphasis on judging the world and peoples in righteousness.
- Rev.19:11 (allusion): The risen Christ is portrayed as 'Faithful and True' who judges and wages war in righteousness—New Testament fulfillment/allusion to the motif of God's coming righteous judgment over the earth.
Alternative generated candidates
- Before the LORD, for he comes to judge the earth; he will judge the world with righteousness, and the peoples with equity.
- For the LORD comes to judge the earth; he will judge the world with righteousness and the peoples with equity.
Psa.99.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ירגזו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- ישב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- כרובים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תנוט: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Psalm 97:1 (verbal): Opens with the same proclamation, "The LORD reigns," and shares the theme of divine kingship over the earth and nations.
- Psalm 96:10 (verbal): Declares "The LORD reigns" to the nations and affirms God's established rule—parallel language and theme of YHWH's sovereign reign among the peoples.
- Psalm 47:8 (thematic): Speaks of God reigning over the nations and sitting on his holy throne—echoes the universal kingship and enthronement imagery of Ps 99:1.
- Exodus 25:18-22 (structural): Gives the foundational cultic imagery of God "dwelling/being enthroned between the cherubim" on the ark/mercy seat, which Ps 99 presupposes when it says God sits enthroned upon the cherubim.
- Psalm 80:1 (verbal): Addresses God as enthroned between the cherubim ("You who are enthroned between the cherubim"), directly echoing the specific cherub-imaged enthronement found in Ps 99:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD reigns; let the nations tremble! He sits enthroned upon the cherubim; let the earth be moved!
- The LORD is king; let the nations tremble; he is enthroned upon the cherubim—let the earth quake.
Psa.99.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בציון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ורם: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Psalm 48:1 (verbal): Both celebrate God's greatness in Zion/the city of God (’great is the LORD in Zion’ / ‘Great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised, in the city of our God’), linking divine majesty with the holy place.
- Psalm 97:9 (thematic): Shares the theme of God's supremacy over nations/earth (‘For you, O LORD, are most high over all the earth; you are exalted far above all gods’), echoing Psalm 99:2’s note of exaltation above the peoples.
- Psalm 113:4–5 (verbal): Affirms the LORD's exalted position over nations (‘The LORD is high above all nations, his glory above the heavens’), a close verbal and theological parallel to Psalm 99:2’s claim of God’s supremacy over all peoples.
- Isaiah 2:11, 17 (allusion): Prophetic passages that emphasize the humbling of the proud and that the LORD alone will be exalted, resonating with the enthronement motif and universal exaltation of God in Psalm 99:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the peoples.
- The LORD is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the peoples.
Psa.99.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יודו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ונורא: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 15:11 (verbal): Speaks of God’s uniqueness, majesty and holiness—‘Who is like you...majestic in holiness, awesome in praises’ echoes ‘great and awesome is your name; holy is he.’
- Isaiah 6:3 (verbal): The heavenly proclamation ‘Holy, holy, holy is the LORD’ parallels the declaration of God’s holiness and inspires the call to praise in Psalm 99:3.
- Psalm 99:5 (structural): Neighboring verse within the same psalm: ‘Exalt the LORD our God... for the LORD our God is holy’ repeats and reinforces the identical theme of God’s holiness.
- Psalm 96:4 (thematic): Affirms God’s greatness and awe-inspiring character—‘For great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised; he is to be feared above all gods’—paralleling ‘great and awesome’ in Psalm 99:3.
- Psalm 103:1 (thematic): Calls for praise of God’s holy name (‘Bless the LORD, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless his holy name’), connecting the themes of praise and God’s holiness found in Psalm 99:3.
Alternative generated candidates
- Let them praise your great and awe‑inspiring name; holy is he.
- They extol your great and awesome name; holy is he.
Psa.99.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועז: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אהב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- כוננת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מישרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדקה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 72:1-2 (thematic): A royal petition that the king rule with God’s judgments; like Ps.99:4 it presents kingship defined by justice and righteousness for the people and the poor.
- Psalm 89:14 (verbal): Uses the close phrase צדקה ומשפט ("righteousness and justice") and speaks of justice as foundational to God’s throne/kingly rule, echoing Ps.99:4’s language of established equity.
- Isaiah 61:8 (verbal): “For I the LORD love justice” directly attributes love of justice to God—paralleling Ps.99:4’s declaration that the mighty King loves justice.
- Isaiah 42:1-4 (thematic): The servant-king motif who brings forth justice and establishes right judgment parallels Ps.99:4’s depiction of the sovereign as one who enacts and establishes justice and righteousness.
Alternative generated candidates
- The King loves justice; you have established equity; you have executed justice and righteousness in Jacob.
- The King, mighty in power, loves justice; you established equity; you executed justice and righteousness in Jacob.
Psa.99.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- רוממו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- והשתחוו: VERB,hitp,perf,3,m,pl
- להדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רגליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 95:6 (thematic): Call to come, worship and bow down (השתחוו/נכרעה) parallels the Psalm 99 exhortation to exalt the LORD and bow before him.
- Isaiah 66:1 (verbal): Uses the footstool image (שמי כסאי והארץ הדום רגלי) — parallels Psalm 99's reference to the LORD's feet/footstool and the call to worship his holiness.
- Isaiah 45:23 (thematic): Declares that every knee shall bow and every tongue swear allegiance — thematically parallels the universal submission and worship demanded in Psalm 99:5.
- Philippians 2:10 (allusion): New Testament echo of universal bowing ('that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow')—a later theological parallel to the Psalm's call to worship and bow before God's holiness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Exalt the LORD our God; bow down at his footstool—holy is he.
- Exalt the LORD our God, and bow down at his footstool; holy is he.
Psa.99.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואהרן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בכהניו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- ושמואל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקראי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- קראים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
- יענם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,3mp
Parallels
- Exodus 32:11-14 (thematic): Moses intercedes for Israel, calling on the LORD and God responds/relents—parallels Moses’ role as one who calls to Yahweh and receives an answer.
- 1 Samuel 12:19-23 (allusion): The people urge Samuel to pray for them and Samuel pledges to intercede; Samuel functions as a caller-before-God whose prayer brings God’s response, echoing Psalm 99:6’s mention of Samuel.
- Psalm 91:15 (verbal): God’s promise 'Call on me and I will answer you' mirrors the Psalm’s theme that those who call to the LORD are answered.
- Joel 2:32 (verbal): 'Whoever calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved' echoes the motif of calling on God's name found in Psalm 99:6.
- Psalm 34:4 (verbal): 'I sought the LORD, and he answered me' expresses the same experiential claim that calling to the LORD elicits an answer.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among those who call on his name—they called to the LORD, and he answered them.
- Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among those who called on his name— they called to the LORD, and he answered them.
Psa.99.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בעמוד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- שמרו: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,pl
- עדתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- וחק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- למו: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 13:21-22 (verbal): Mentions the pillar of cloud and fire that led Israel — the same imagery of God’s presence in a cloud through which he guided and communicated with the people.
- Exodus 19:9 (allusion): God says he will come to the people in a thick cloud so that he may speak to Moses — parallels the idea of God speaking to Israel from a cloud.
- Exodus 24:7 (structural): The people pledge to obey ‘all the words’ of the LORD; parallels Psalm 99:7’s emphasis that they kept his testimonies and statutes.
- Numbers 9:15-23 (thematic): Describes the cloud’s movement as the signal for Israel’s encampment and journey, linking the cloud to divine guidance and presence.
- Psalm 78:14 (thematic): Recalls God leading Israel ‘in a cloud by day’ — a poetic retelling of the same cloud/fire motif of divine presence and guidance.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the pillar of cloud he spoke to them; they kept his testimonies and the statute that he gave them.
- He spoke to them in the pillar of cloud; they kept his testimonies and the statute that he gave them.
Psa.99.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- עניתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- היית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ונקם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- עלילותם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Exodus 34:6-7 (verbal): The classic divine self-revelation—'merciful and gracious, forgiving iniquity and transgression, yet by no means clearing the guilty'—closely matches Ps 99:8's coupling of pardon and divine retribution.
- Numbers 14:18 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language that God pardons iniquity and transgression but will not leave the guilty unpunished, echoing Psalm 99:8's balance of mercy and justice.
- Nehemiah 9:17 (thematic): Corporate confession praising God as ready to pardon yet just toward offenders; thematically parallels the psalm's depiction of God answering, forgiving, and avenging wrongs.
- Psalm 103:8-10 (thematic): Affirms God's compassion and mercy while noting he does not deal with us according to our sins—reflects the same tension between forgiveness and righteous recompense found in Ps 99:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- O LORD our God, you answered them; you were to them a God who pardoned, yet you took vengeance on their deeds.
- You answered them, O LORD our God; you were to them a God who forgave, yet you took vengeance on their wrongdoing.
Psa.99.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- רוממו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- והשתחוו: VERB,hitp,perf,3,m,pl
- להר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 96:9 (verbal): Commands worship of the LORD in connection with his holiness ('Worship the LORD in the splendor of his holiness'), closely paralleling Ps 99:9's call to exalt and worship because God is holy.
- Psalm 99:5 (verbal): Near-identical exhortation to 'Exalt the LORD our God and worship at his footstool' with the explicit declaration 'he is holy,' repeating the same liturgical theme within the psalm.
- Psalm 99:3 (thematic): Praises God's 'great and awesome name' and likewise declares his holiness, reinforcing the central theme of divine holiness that grounds the call to worship in v.9.
- Isaiah 6:3 (allusion): Heavenly proclamation 'Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts' echoes the emphasis on God's absolute holiness that undergirds the worship imperative in Ps 99:9.
- Leviticus 19:2 (verbal): 'Be holy, for I the LORD your God am holy' supplies the foundational theological maxim of God's holiness which Ps 99:9 invokes as the reason for exaltation and worship.
Alternative generated candidates
- Exalt the LORD our God and bow down at his holy hill, for the LORD our God is holy.
- Exalt the LORD our God and bow down at his holy hill; for the LORD our God is holy.
A psalm. Sing to the LORD a new song; for he has done marvelous things. He has brought salvation by his right hand and by his holy arm.
The LORD has made known his salvation; he has revealed his righteousness before the eyes of the nations.
He has remembered his steadfast love and his faithfulness to the house of Israel; all the ends of the earth have seen the salvation of our God.
Shout to the LORD, all the earth; break forth and rejoice, and sing for joy!
Sing to the LORD with the harp, with the harp and the sound of singing.
With trumpets and the sound of the horn make a joyful noise before the King, the LORD.
Let the sea roar and its fullness; the world and those who dwell in it.
Let the rivers clap their hands; let the hills sing together for joy.
For the LORD is coming to judge the earth; he will judge the world with righteousness, and the peoples with equity.
The LORD is king; let the nations tremble; he sits enthroned upon the cherubim—let the earth be shaken.
The LORD is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the peoples.
Let them praise your great and awesome name—holy is he.
The King is mighty and loves justice; you have established equity; you have executed justice and righteousness in Jacob.
Exalt the LORD our God, and bow down at his footstool; holy is he.
Moses and Aaron were among his priests, and Samuel was among those who called on his name; they cried to the LORD, and he answered them.
He spoke to them from the pillar of cloud; they kept his testimonies and the statute he gave them.
O LORD our God, you answered them; you were to them a forgiving God, and you avenged their wrongdoing.
Exalt the LORD our God; worship at his holy mountain, for the LORD our God is holy.