The Call of Gideon and the Signs of Faith

Judges 6:1-40

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD, and the LORD gave them into the hand of Midian for seven years.

Jud.6.1 - Details

Translation

The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD, and the LORD gave them into the hand of Midian for seven years.

Original Text

ויעשו בני־ ישראל הרע בעיני יהוה ויתנם יהוה ביד־ מדין שבע שנים׃

Morphology

  • ויעשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויתנם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:3mp
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שבע: NUM,card
  • שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Judg 2:11 (verbal): Uses the same refrain 'the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD' that frames the cyclical pattern of sin and punishment in Judges.
  • Judg 2:14 (verbal): Like Judg 6:1 it reports God handing Israel over to raiders/spoilers as punishment ('he delivered them into the hands of...'), reflecting the same causative formula.
  • Judg 3:8 (thematic): God delivers Israel into the hand of an oppressor for a fixed term (eight years) after their evil—parallel example of the sin→oppression→deliverance pattern.
  • Judg 4:3 (structural): Similarly records Israel's evil, the LORD selling them into the hand of an enemy, and a numbered period of oppression (twenty years), mirroring the structural framework of Judg 6:1.
  • Deut 28:25 (allusion): Echoes Deuteronomic covenant theology: disobedience brings curses including being given into the hands of foes—background theological rationale for Judges' deliveries into enemies' hands.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The sons of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD, and the LORD delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
  • And the people of Israel did evil in the sight of the LORD, and the LORD delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
2 And the power of Midian prevailed over Israel; because of Midian the Israelites made for themselves caves in the mountains, and strongholds, and dens.

Jud.6.2 - Details

Translation

And the power of Midian prevailed over Israel; because of Midian the Israelites made for themselves caves in the mountains, and strongholds, and dens.

Original Text

ותעז יד־ מדין על־ ישראל מפני מדין עשו להם ׀ בני ישראל את־ המנהרות אשר בהרים ואת־ המערות ואת־ המצדות׃

Morphology

  • ותעז: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מפני: PREP
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • המנהרות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בהרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • המערות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • המצדות: NOUN,f,pl,def

Parallels

  • Judg.6.1 (structural): Immediate context: introduces the Midianite oppression that leads into v.2’s description of Israelites hiding in dens, caves, and strongholds.
  • 1 Sam.13.6 (verbal): Describes Israel hiding 'in caves, in thickets, in rocks, in high places, and in pits' when pressed by the Philistines—close verbal and situational parallel to the caves/strongholds of Judg 6:2.
  • 1 Sam.22.1 (thematic): David and his followers flee to the cave of Adullam for refuge from enemies, reflecting the recurring theme of Israelites seeking caves and strongholds for safety.
  • Isa.2.19 (allusion): Prophetic imagery of people entering 'the caves of the rocks' and hiding from terror parallels the motif of taking refuge in caves/strongholds in the face of a threatening foe.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the power of Midian prevailed over Israel because of Midian; and the people of Israel made for themselves the dens that are in the hills and the caves and the strongholds.
  • And the power of Midian prevailed over Israel; because of Midian the people of Israel made for themselves dens in the mountains, caves, and strongholds.
3 Whenever Israel planted, Midian and Amalek and the people of the East would come up against them.

Jud.6.3 - Details

Translation

Whenever Israel planted, Midian and Amalek and the people of the East would come up against them.

Original Text

והיה אם־ זרע ישראל ועלה מדין ועמלק ובני־ קדם ועלו עליו׃

Morphology

  • והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועלה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועמלק: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ועלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.6.4 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same episode describing how the Midianites, Amalekites and others would devastate the produce of the land—directly completes the action introduced in 6:3.
  • Judg.2.14-15 (thematic): Shows the recurring Judges theme of Israel being delivered into the hands of raiders/enemies who plunder the land as punishment for covenant unfaithfulness.
  • 1 Samuel 30:1-2 (thematic): Narrates Amalekite raids on settled Israelite territory (Ziklag), a similar pattern of raiding, plundering and taking spoil from the people.
  • Exod.17:8-16 (allusion): Earliest Israelite encounter with Amalek—Amalek as perennial enemy who attacks Israel, providing background for later references to Amalekite raids.
  • Num.31:1-3 (allusion): God’s command to take vengeance on Midian reflects ongoing hostile relations with Midianites and explains their role as aggressors against Israel in the wilderness and later periods.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Whenever Israel sowed, Midian and Amalek and the people of the East would come up against them.
  • Whenever Israel sowed, Midian and Amalek and the people of the East would come up against them.
4 They encamped against them and ruined the produce of the land as far as Gaza; they left no sustenance in Israel — no sheep, ox, or donkey.

Jud.6.4 - Details

Translation

They encamped against them and ruined the produce of the land as far as Gaza; they left no sustenance in Israel — no sheep, ox, or donkey.

Original Text

ויחנו עליהם וישחיתו את־ יבול הארץ עד־ בואך עזה ולא־ ישאירו מחיה בישראל ושה ושור וחמור׃

Morphology

  • ויחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • וישחיתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יבול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • עד: PREP
  • בואך: NOUN,m,sg,construct+2,m,sg
  • עזה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ישאירו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מחיה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וחמור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 6:3 (verbal): Immediate context: the previous verse describes the same Midianite/Amalekite raids and language about destroying the produce of the land and leaving no sustenance.
  • Judges 6:6 (thematic): Summarizes the effect of the raids—Israel brought very low and crying out to the LORD—continuing the theme of devastation and national distress caused by the invaders.
  • 1 Samuel 30:1-2 (thematic): Account of raiding bands (Amalekites) attacking Ziklag, burning towns and carrying off people and livestock—parallels the pattern of desert raiders devastating crops and animals.
  • Deuteronomy 28:49 (allusion): Part of the covenant curses: a nation from far off will come and devour the produce of your land—serves as a theological background for foreign devastation in Israel’s history.
  • Amos 4:9 (thematic): God’s judgments portrayed as destruction of gardens/vineyards and devouring of produce—echoes the motif of agricultural ruin and loss of livestock in exile/tribal suffering.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They would encamp against them and destroy the produce of the land as far as Gaza; they left no sustenance for Israel, neither sheep nor ox nor donkey.
  • They would encamp against them and destroy the produce of the land as far as Gaza; they left no sustenance in Israel, neither sheep nor ox nor ass.
5 For they and their livestock would come up like swarms of locusts; their tents and camels covered the land, and they came into the land to ruin it.

Jud.6.5 - Details

Translation

For they and their livestock would come up like swarms of locusts; their tents and camels covered the land, and they came into the land to ruin it.

Original Text

כי הם ומקניהם יעלו ואהליהם ובאו כדי־ ארבה לרב ולהם ולגמליהם אין מספר ויבאו בארץ לשחתה׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
  • ומקניהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3mp
  • יעלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ואהליהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3mp
  • ובאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
  • כדי: CONJ
  • ארבה: VERB,hif,impf,1,c,sg,NA
  • לרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולהם: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ולגמליהם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3mp
  • אין: PART,neg
  • מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לשחתה: PREP+VERB,qal,inf,0,f,sg+obj:3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Joel 1:4 (thematic): Locusts/grasshoppers as an image of overwhelming devastation; Joel describes the land eaten and ruined by swarming insects, echoing the locust-like invasion in Judges 6:5.
  • Exodus 10:12-15 (verbal): The plague of locusts that covered the land and consumed vegetation parallels the language of a swarm entering the land to destroy it (covering and devouring the ground).
  • Numbers 13:33 (verbal): The spies’ simile ‘we seemed like grasshoppers’ uses the same grasshopper/locust imagery to express overwhelming numbers or relative smallness—verbal parallel to the ‘grasshopper’ comparison in Judges 6:5.
  • Psalm 78:46 (thematic): Speaks of God sending locusts/consuming swarms to destroy crops and produce, thematically paralleling the depiction of invaders coming like locusts to devastate the land.
  • Joel 2:25 (thematic): Refers to restoration for the years ‘the swarming locust has eaten,’ presupposing locust-devastation imagery similar to Judges 6:5’s description of the land ruined by a swarm-like invading force.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For they and their camels came up with their tents and came in like locusts for multitude; and their camels were without number; they came into the land to ravage it.
  • For they and their camels came like swarms of locusts; their camels were without number; they came into the land to destroy it.
6 So Israel was greatly impoverished because of Midian, and the Israelites cried out to the LORD.

Jud.6.6 - Details

Translation

So Israel was greatly impoverished because of Midian, and the Israelites cried out to the LORD.

Original Text

וידל ישראל מאד מפני מדין ויזעקו בני־ ישראל אל־ יהוה׃

Morphology

  • וידל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאד: ADV
  • מפני: PREP
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויזעקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 3:9 (verbal): Same recurring phrase and action — “the children of Israel cried unto the LORD” (pattern of oppression and a cry for help that precedes divine deliverance).
  • Judges 3:15 (verbal): Another instance in the book where Israel’s cry to the LORD leads to God raising a deliverer, reflecting the cyclical judge‑pattern found in Judges 6:6.
  • Judges 10:10 (structural): Parallel cycle of oppression→Israel cries to the LORD→God responds with pity and raises a deliverer; same theological structure as Judges 6:6–7.
  • Exodus 2:23–25 (thematic): Earliest Israelite example of suffering under enemies, crying out to God in distress, and God’s attentive response — establishes the motif used in the Judges narratives.
  • Psalm 107:6 (verbal): Uses the language ‘they cried unto the LORD in their trouble, and he saved them’ — a poetic reflection of the same cry‑and‑deliver theme found in Judges 6:6.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Israel was brought very low because of Midian; and the sons of Israel cried to the LORD.
  • So Israel was brought very low because of Midian, and the people of Israel cried unto the LORD.
7 When the Israelites cried to the LORD because of the Midianites,

Jud.6.7 - Details

Translation

When the Israelites cried to the LORD because of the Midianites,

Original Text

ויהי כי־ זעקו בני־ ישראל אל־ יהוה על אדות מדין׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • זעקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • אדות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.3.9 (verbal): Same formula — 'the children of Israel cried unto the LORD' when oppressed and God raises up a deliverer (Othniel); fits the Judges' cyclical pattern.
  • Judg.10.10 (verbal): Israel again 'cried unto the LORD' under oppression; the language and situation closely parallel Judg.6:7 (confession, cry, divine response).
  • Exod.2.23-24 (verbal): Early Israelite cry in bondage: 'they cried, and their cry came up unto God'; establishes the motif of communal lament and divine hearing.
  • Judg.16.28 (thematic): Samson's personal cry to Yahweh in the midst of oppression/danger — a concentrated instance of the deliverance motif found throughout Judges.
  • Ps.34.17 (thematic): ’The righteous cry, and the LORD hears’ — a theological parallel emphasizing that cries for help from the righteous/people elicit divine intervention.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When the sons of Israel cried to the LORD on account of the Midianites,
  • And it came to pass, when Israel cried unto the LORD because of Midian,
8 the LORD sent a prophet to the Israelites, and he said to them, “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought you up from Egypt and brought you out of the house of slavery.

Jud.6.8 - Details

Translation

the LORD sent a prophet to the Israelites, and he said to them, “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought you up from Egypt and brought you out of the house of slavery.

Original Text

וישלח יהוה איש נביא אל־ בני ישראל ויאמר להם כה־ אמר יהוה ׀ אלהי ישראל אנכי העליתי אתכם ממצרים ואציא אתכם מבית עבדים׃

Morphology

  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נביא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • כה: ADV
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • העליתי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,sg
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
  • ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ואציא: VERB,hiphil,impf,1,sg
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
  • מבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עבדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 20:2 (verbal): Uses the same covenantal formula—'I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage'—the foundational reminder invoked by judges and prophets.
  • Deuteronomy 5:6 (verbal): Repeats the Exodus command-prefix wording as a covenantal claim ('I am the LORD your God who brought you out of Egypt'), a stock formula later used by prophetic messengers.
  • Judges 2:1-3 (structural): An earlier theophanic messenger recounts God’s action in bringing Israel out of Egypt and issues warnings—paralleling the summons/reminder function of the prophet in Judg 6:8.
  • Amos 2:10 (thematic): The prophet Amos recalls God’s deliverance from Egypt ('I brought you up from the land of Egypt') as the basis for covenant accountability—similar use of the Exodus act as prophetic indictment.
  • Jeremiah 7:22 (allusion): Jeremiah invokes God’s bringing Israel from Egypt to address what God actually commanded, echoing the motif of recalling the Exodus in prophetic rebuke and teaching.

Alternative generated candidates

  • the LORD sent a prophet to the sons of Israel. He said to them, "Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought you up from Egypt, and I rescued you out of the house of bondage.
  • that the LORD sent a prophet unto the people of Israel, and he said unto them, Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought you up from Egypt and brought you out of the house of bondage.
9 I delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of all who oppressed you, and I drove them out before you and gave you their land.

Jud.6.9 - Details

Translation

I delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of all who oppressed you, and I drove them out before you and gave you their land.

Original Text

ואצל אתכם מיד מצרים ומיד כל־ לחציכם ואגרש אותם מפניכם ואתנה לכם את־ ארצם׃

Morphology

  • ואצל: PREP
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
  • מיד: PREP
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ומיד: ADV
  • כל: DET
  • לחציכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • ואגרש: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • מפניכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+SUF,2,m,pl
  • ואתנה: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ארצם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:8 (verbal): God's promise to deliver Israel from oppression, bring them into a land 'flowing with milk and honey,' and 'drive out' its inhabitants parallels the language of delivering from enemies and giving the land.
  • Deuteronomy 7:1-2 (thematic): When the LORD brings Israel into the land he will give them and deliver the nations into their hands so they may dispossess them—echoing the promise to expel oppressors and grant possession of the land.
  • Joshua 21:44 (structural): Summary report of God's fulfillment: the LORD gave Israel rest and delivered their enemies into their hands so they possessed the land, reflecting the outcome promised in Judges 6:9.
  • Leviticus 26:7-8 (thematic): A covenantal blessing that God will grant victory over enemies and cause them to fall before Israel, resonating with the promise to drive out oppressors and enable possession of the land.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of all who oppressed you, and I drove them out before you and gave you their land.
  • I delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of all who oppressed you, and drove them out from before you and gave you their land.
10 And I said to you, ‘I am the LORD your God; you shall not fear the gods of the Amorites in whose land you dwell,’ — yet you did not obey my voice.”

Jud.6.10 - Details

Translation

And I said to you, ‘I am the LORD your God; you shall not fear the gods of the Amorites in whose land you dwell,’ — yet you did not obey my voice.”

Original Text

ואמרה לכם אני יהוה אלהיכם לא תיראו את־ אלהי האמרי אשר אתם יושבים בארצם ולא שמעתם בקולי׃

Morphology

  • ואמרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תיראו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • יושבים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
  • בארצם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def,poss:3mp
  • ולא: CONJ
  • שמעתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • בקולי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,prs:1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 20:2-3 (verbal): Same covenant formula 'I am the LORD your God' followed by the prohibition against other gods — directly parallels 'I am the LORD your God; do not fear the gods of the Amorites.'
  • Deuteronomy 6:14 (verbal): Command not to follow or worship other gods of the surrounding peoples ('לא תלך אחרי אלהים אחרים') echoes the injunction against fearing the Amorite gods and disobeying God's voice.
  • Deuteronomy 7:4 (thematic): Warning that the nations will turn Israel to other gods and cause them to serve foreign deities parallels the concern in Judges about Israel serving the gods of the Amorites and failing to obey God.
  • Judges 2:11-13 (structural): Narrative pattern of Israel forsaking the LORD to serve Baal and the Ashtaroth and thus not heeding God mirrors the situation summarized in Judges 6:10 — persistent idolatry and disobedience provoking divine rebuke.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I said to you, 'I am the LORD your God; you shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell.' Yet you did not listen to my voice."
  • And I said unto you, I am the LORD your God; fear not the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell. Yet you have not obeyed my voice.
11 Now the angel of the LORD came and sat under the oak that was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the Abiezrite; and Gideon his son was beating out wheat in the winepress to hide it from the Midianites.

Jud.6.11 - Details

Translation

Now the angel of the LORD came and sat under the oak that was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the Abiezrite; and Gideon his son was beating out wheat in the winepress to hide it from the Midianites.

Original Text

ויבא מלאך יהוה וישב תחת האלה אשר בעפרה אשר ליואש אבי העזרי וגדעון בנו חבט חטים בגת להניס מפני מדין׃

Morphology

  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • תחת: PREP
  • האלה: DEM,pl
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בעפרה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ליואש: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • העזרי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • וגדעון: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • חבט: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חטים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בגת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • להניס: VERB,hif,inf
  • מפני: PREP
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:2 (verbal): Both verses describe an appearance of the 'angel of the LORD' in a theophanic setting — Exodus the burning bush, Judges the tree at Ophrah — using the same language of divine visitation.
  • Genesis 18:1-3 (thematic): Theophanic visitation beside/shade of trees (oaks/terebinths) and an encounter between a patriarchal/household setting and divine messengers; similar spatial motif of a divine appearance at a tree.
  • Judges 13:3-22 (thematic): Another appearance of the angel of the LORD announcing the birth/commission of a judge (Samson). Parallels include angelic visitation to the parents and the commissioning of a deliverer.
  • Luke 1:26-38 (allusion): Angel (Gabriel) greets and commissions a chosen individual with a divine mission. The greeting/commission motif parallels the angelic announcement to Gideon that follows this verse.
  • Ruth 3:2 (thematic): Use of the threshing floor (and related hidden/night activity) as a setting for vulnerable, secretive actions concerning household survival and future destiny — parallels Gideon threshing wheat in a winepress to hide it from enemies.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now the angel of the LORD came and sat under the terebinth at Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the Abiezrite; and Gideon his son was beating out wheat in the winepress, to hide it from the Midianites.
  • Now the angel of the LORD came and sat under the oak that was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the Abiezrite; and Gideon his son was beating out wheat in the winepress to hide it from the Midianites.
12 And the angel of the LORD appeared to him and said to him, “The LORD is with you, O mighty warrior.”

Jud.6.12 - Details

Translation

And the angel of the LORD appeared to him and said to him, “The LORD is with you, O mighty warrior.”

Original Text

וירא אליו מלאך יהוה ויאמר אליו יהוה עמך גבור החיל׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
  • גבור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • החיל: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Luke 1:28 (verbal): An angelic salutation featuring the phrase 'the Lord is with you' (Greek: ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ), paralleling the angel's address to Gideon.
  • Joshua 1:9 (thematic): A command to be strong and courageous grounded in the promise 'for the LORD your God is with you,' echoing the encouragement implicit in calling Gideon a 'mighty man of valor.'
  • Isaiah 41:10 (thematic): God's reassurance 'Fear not, for I am with you' resonates with the angelic announcement of God's presence that empowers Gideon against fear.
  • Judges 6:14 (structural): Immediate narrative follow-up in the same pericope: after identifying Gideon as a valorous man, the LORD commissions him ('Go in this thy might'), showing continuity between the greeting and the call to action.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The angel of the LORD appeared to him and said, "The LORD is with you, mighty man of valor."
  • And the angel of the LORD appeared unto him and said unto him, The LORD is with you, O mighty man of valor.
13 And Gideon said to him, “Please, my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wonderful deeds which our fathers recounted, saying, ‘Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt?’ Now the LORD has forsaken us and given us into the hand of Midian.”

Jud.6.13 - Details

Translation

And Gideon said to him, “Please, my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wonderful deeds which our fathers recounted, saying, ‘Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt?’ Now the LORD has forsaken us and given us into the hand of Midian.”

Original Text

ויאמר אליו גדעון בי אדני ויש יהוה עמנו ולמה מצאתנו כל־ זאת ואיה כל־ נפלאתיו אשר ספרו־ לנו אבותינו לאמר הלא ממצרים העלנו יהוה ועתה נטשנו יהוה ויתננו בכף־ מדין׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • גדעון: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • ויש: CONJ+VERB,qal,pres,3,_,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עמנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • ולמה: CONJ
  • מצאתנו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg,obj1pl
  • כל: DET
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg
  • ואיה: ADV,interr
  • כל: DET
  • נפלאתיו: NOUN,f,pl,const+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ספרו: VERB,qal,impv,2,_,pl
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • אבותינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1cp
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • הלא: PART
  • ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • העלנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,obj1pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ועתה: CONJ
  • נטשנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,obj1pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויתננו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg,obj1pl
  • בכף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,construct
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 6:10 (quotation): God (through the prophet) says 'I brought you up from Egypt,' the very claim Gideon echoes when asking why the LORD has abandoned Israel—direct verbal and thematic overlap within the same narrative.
  • Exodus 3:8 (verbal): God's promise to 'bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt' is the foundational deliverance Gideon cites ('Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt?'), linking Israel's memory of redemption to their present complaint.
  • Judges 2:14–15 (thematic): The Deuteronomistic cycle: Israel is given into the hands of enemies because of unfaithfulness. Gideon's charge that the LORD has 'given us into the hand of Midian' echoes this recurring pattern of abandonment and oppression.
  • Psalm 44:9–12 (thematic): A communal lament accusing God of rejecting and handing the people over to foes ('You have rejected and humbled us, and do not go out with our armies'), paralleling Gideon's complaint about God's apparent absence and loss of former wonders.
  • Deuteronomy 32:7 (allusion): The exhortation to 'remember the days of old; ask your father' and recall God's past deeds resonates with Gideon's reference to the wonders 'our fathers' recounted—invoking ancestral memory of God's past acts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Gideon said to him, "O my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wondrous deeds that our fathers recounted, saying, 'Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt?' Now the LORD has forsaken us and given us into the hand of Midian."
  • And Gideon said unto him, Oh my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wondrous deeds which our fathers told us of, saying, ‘Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt?’ Now the LORD has forsaken us and given us into the hand of Midian.
14 The LORD turned to him and said, “Go in this your strength and save Israel from the hand of Midian; have I not sent you?”

Jud.6.14 - Details

Translation

The LORD turned to him and said, “Go in this your strength and save Israel from the hand of Midian; have I not sent you?”

Original Text

ויפן אליו יהוה ויאמר לך בכחך זה והושעת את־ ישראל מכף מדין הלא שלחתיך׃

Morphology

  • ויפן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • בכחך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • והושעת: VERB,hiph,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מכף: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הלא: PART
  • שלחתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg,obj:2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.6.12 (structural): Immediate narrative context: the angel's earlier appearance calls Gideon a 'mighty man of valour'—the commissioning in 6:14 follows that the LORD sends him to deliver Israel.
  • Exod.3.10 (verbal): Divine commissioning language: 'Come, I will send you' parallels God's sending of Gideon to deliver his people.
  • Jer.1.7 (verbal): Prophetic commission formula: 'to all to whom I send you, you shall go' echoes the motif of God sending a chosen agent despite apparent weakness.
  • Josh.1.6-9 (thematic): Leadership commissioning with exhortation to courage and action—'be strong and courageous' and assume leadership to bring Israel into the land, akin to Gideon's call to act.
  • Isa.6.8 (thematic): The sending motif: God's call/commission ('Whom shall I send?') and the human response highlight the pattern of divine commissioning found in Gideon's call to save Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD turned to him and said, "Go in this your strength and save Israel from the hand of Midian; do I not send you?"
  • And the LORD looked upon him and said, Go in this your strength and save Israel from the hand of Midian; have I not sent you?
15 And he said to him, “Please, my lord, with what shall I save Israel? Behold, my clan is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house.”

Jud.6.15 - Details

Translation

And he said to him, “Please, my lord, with what shall I save Israel? Behold, my clan is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house.”

Original Text

ויאמר אליו בי אדני במה אושיע את־ ישראל הנה אלפי הדל במנשה ואנכי הצעיר בבית אבי׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • במה: PREP+PRON,interr
  • אושיע: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הנה: PART
  • אלפי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • הדל: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • במנשה: PREP,prop,sg
  • ואנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • הצעיר: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • בבית: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:11 (thematic): Moses responds to a divine call with doubt about his ability and status ('Who am I that I should go...?'), paralleling Gideon's expression of personal inadequacy.
  • Exodus 4:10 (verbal): Moses cites a personal limitation ('I am slow of speech') as a reason he is unfit for the task, similar to Gideon's self-deprecating excuse for why he cannot save Israel.
  • Jeremiah 1:6 (thematic): Jeremiah objects to his prophetic call because of his youth ('I cannot speak, for I am only a youth'), echoing Gideon's claim to be the youngest and thus ill-suited for leadership.
  • 1 Samuel 9:21 (verbal): Saul emphasizes his low standing within his tribe ('Am I not a Benjamite, the least of the tribes?'), mirroring Gideon's remark that his family is the least in Manasseh.
  • 1 Samuel 17:33 (thematic): Saul tells David he is only a youth compared to the seasoned Philistine warrior, reflecting the theme of apparent insignificance and youthfulness found in Gideon's protest.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he said to him, "O my LORD, with what shall I save Israel? Behold, my clan is the least in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house."
  • And he said unto him, Oh my lord, how shall I save Israel? Behold, my family is the least in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house.
16 And the LORD said to him, “I will be with you, and you shall strike down Midian as one man.”

Jud.6.16 - Details

Translation

And the LORD said to him, “I will be with you, and you shall strike down Midian as one man.”

Original Text

ויאמר אליו יהוה כי אהיה עמך והכית את־ מדין כאיש אחד׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
  • והכית: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:12 (verbal): God's promise of personal presence to a reluctant leader — 'certainly I will be with thee' echoes the same assurance given to Moses.
  • Joshua 1:5 (verbal): Divine pledge of continual presence and protection to Joshua — 'I will not fail thee nor forsake thee; I will be with thee' parallels the assurance given to Gideon.
  • Deuteronomy 20:4 (thematic): Theme of Yahweh fighting on Israel's behalf — 'for the LORD your God is he that goeth with you, to fight for you' corresponds to the promise that Gideon will defeat Midian as one man.
  • Isaiah 41:10 (thematic): Prophetic reassurance of God's presence and help — 'I am with you; fear not' resonates with the comfort given to Gideon facing overwhelming foes.
  • Judges 7:7 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel within Judges: God ensures victory with a reduced force — the victory over Midian is achieved by God's presence and action on behalf of Gideon.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the LORD said to him, "I will be with you, and you shall strike Midian as one man."
  • And the LORD said unto him, Surely I will be with you, and you shall smite the Midianites as one man.
17 And Gideon said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, then show me a sign that it is you who speak with me.”

Jud.6.17 - Details

Translation

And Gideon said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, then show me a sign that it is you who speak with me.”

Original Text

ויאמר אליו אם־ נא מצאתי חן בעיניך ועשית לי אות שאתה מדבר עמי׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אם: CONJ
  • נא: PART
  • מצאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • חן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
  • ועשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • אות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שאתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
  • מדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s

Parallels

  • Judg.6.36-40 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode: Gideon asks for and receives a sign (the fleece), developing the request in 6:17 for concrete proof that God is speaking to him.
  • Exod.33.13 (verbal): Moses uses the same formula (“If now I have found favor in your sight…”) to petition God for assurance and guidance — a verbal and thematic parallel about seeking confirmation of divine favor/presence.
  • Gen.18.3 (verbal): Abraham addresses divine visitors with the phrase “If now I have found favor in your sight…,” echoing the language of seeking favor/assurance before making a request.
  • Isa.7.11 (thematic): God (through Isaiah) invites Ahaz to ask for a sign from the Lord — thematically parallel in the motif of requesting a divine sign to confirm God’s word.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he said to him, "If now I have found favor in your eyes, show me a sign that it is you who speak with me."
  • And Gideon said unto God, If I have found favor in your sight, show me a sign that it is you who speak with me.
18 Do not depart from here until I come to you and bring out my present and set it before you.” And he said, “I will stay until you return.”

Jud.6.18 - Details

Translation

Do not depart from here until I come to you and bring out my present and set it before you.” And he said, “I will stay until you return.”

Original Text

אל־ נא תמש מזה עד־ באי אליך והצאתי את־ מנחתי והנחתי לפניך ויאמר אנכי אשב עד שובך׃

Morphology

  • אל: NEG
  • נא: PART
  • תמש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • מזה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • באי: PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,m,pl
  • אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • והצאתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,*,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מנחתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1ms
  • והנחתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,_,sg
  • לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • אשב: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • שובך: NOUN,m,sg,poss,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 18:1-8 (verbal): Abraham urges the heavenly visitors to ‘stay’ and prepares a meal, placing it before them — close verbal and thematic parallel of hospitality to a divine/messengers and setting food ‘before’ the guest.
  • Judges 6:20-21 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: Gideon brings out the meat and unleavened cake, sets it before the angel, who consumes it by fire — completes the action requested in 6:18 and mirrors the same sacrificial/manifestation pattern.
  • Judges 13:15-20 (verbal): Manoah asks the angel to remain so they can prepare a kid; a sacrifice is offered and the angel is taken up in the flame — nearly identical motif of requesting an angel to wait and offering food/sacrifice.
  • Luke 24:29-31 (thematic): The Emmaus disciples urge the risen Jesus to ‘stay with us’; he stays, takes bread and breaks it, and their eyes are opened — thematically parallels hospitality to a divine guest leading to revelation at a shared meal.
  • 1 Kings 19:5-8 (thematic): An angel ministers to Elijah, providing bread and water to strengthen him for a journey — shares the motif of a divine messenger and provision of food as sign/strengthening from God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do not depart from here, I pray, until I come to you and bring out my present and set it before you." And he said, "I will remain until you return."
  • Do not depart from here, I pray you, until I come to you and bring out my present and set it before you. And he said, I will tarry until you return.
19 So Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and an ephah of flour; he made it into unleavened cakes in a basket and put the broth in a pot, and brought them out to him under the oak and presented them.

Jud.6.19 - Details

Translation

So Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and an ephah of flour; he made it into unleavened cakes in a basket and put the broth in a pot, and brought them out to him under the oak and presented them.

Original Text

וגדעון בא ויעש גדי־ עזים ואיפת־ קמח מצות הבשר שם בסל והמרק שם בפרור ויוצא אליו אל־ תחת האלה ויגש׃

Morphology

  • וגדעון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • גדי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • עזים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ואיפת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • קמח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • הבשר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שם: ADV
  • בסל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והמרק: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שם: ADV
  • בפרור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויוצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • תחת: PREP
  • האלה: DEM,pl
  • ויגש: VERB,qal,wayy,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 18:6-8 (verbal): Abraham hastens to prepare a calf and bread for his divine visitors; parallels Gideon’s preparation of a kid and unleavened cakes for the angel (hospitality/meal for a theophanic visitor).
  • Judges 13:15-21 (structural): Manoah prepares a kid and a grain offering for the angel of the LORD and the angel ascends in the flame—closely parallels Gideon’s offering to the angel and the subsequent theophanic fire.
  • 1 Kings 19:5-8 (thematic): An angel provides food (a cake) to sustain a prophet; thematically similar—divine/angelic involvement with bread/cake as sustenance and sign of divine action.
  • Leviticus 7:12-13 (verbal): Law texts describing unleavened cakes in a basket as part of offerings echo the phrase and ritual context of 'unleavened cakes in a basket' in Judges 6:19, linking the meal to cultic/offeratory language.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Gideon went in and prepared a kid of the goats and unleavened cakes of flour; he put the meat in a basket and the broth in a pot, and brought them out under the terebinth and presented them to him.
  • So Gideon went in and made ready a kid and unleavened cakes of an ephah of flour. The flesh he put in a basket and the broth he put in a pot, and brought them out to him under the oak and presented them.
20 And the angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened cakes and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” And he did so.

Jud.6.20 - Details

Translation

And the angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened cakes and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” And he did so.

Original Text

ויאמר אליו מלאך האלהים קח את־ הבשר ואת־ המצות והנח אל־ הסלע הלז ואת־ המרק שפוך ויעש כן׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הבשר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • המצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • והנח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • הסלע: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הלז: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • המרק: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שפוך: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כן: ADV

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 18:33-38 (thematic): Elijah arranges a sacrificial offering (placing wood and the offering), drenches it with water, and fire from the LORD consumes the sacrifice—parallel motif of a prepared offering consumed by divine fire.
  • Judges 13:20-21 (structural): Manoah and his wife offer a sacrifice to the angel of the LORD, who is then taken up in the flame of the altar—close narrative parallel within Judges: offering to the angel and a fiery divine action.
  • Genesis 22:9-13 (thematic): Abraham places the bound offering on an altar in obedience to a divine command; the scene shares the motif of placing an offering on a specified place in response to God's messenger.
  • Genesis 28:18 (thematic): Jacob sets up the stone (a rock) and pours a libation, treating a rock as a sacred place—resonant with Gideon’s instruction to lay the offering on a particular rock and pour the broth thereon.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The angel of God said to him, "Take the meat and the unleavened cakes, and lay them on this rock; then pour out the broth." And he did so.
  • And the angel of God said unto him, Take the flesh and the unleavened cakes, and lay them upon this rock, and pour out the broth. And he did so.
21 Then the angel of the LORD reached out the tip of the staff that was in his hand and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; fire sprang up from the rock and consumed the meat and the cakes. And the angel of the LORD departed from his sight.

Jud.6.21 - Details

Translation

Then the angel of the LORD reached out the tip of the staff that was in his hand and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; fire sprang up from the rock and consumed the meat and the cakes. And the angel of the LORD departed from his sight.

Original Text

וישלח מלאך יהוה את־ קצה המשענת אשר בידו ויגע בבשר ובמצות ותעל האש מן־ הצור ותאכל את־ הבשר ואת־ המצות ומלאך יהוה הלך מעיניו׃

Morphology

  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • קצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המשענת: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • ויגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בבשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובמצות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ותעל: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מן: PREP
  • הצור: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ותאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הבשר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • המצות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • ומלאך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מעיניו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,poss3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.13:19-20 (verbal): Manoah offers a sacrifice; fire from the altar interacts with the angel of the LORD and the angel vanishes—closely parallels an angel-touching sacrifice and a divine flame and disappearance.
  • 1 Kings 18:38 (thematic): Elijah’s altar: ‘the fire of the LORD fell and consumed the burnt offering’—same motif of divine fire consuming a sacrifice as confirmation of God’s presence and power.
  • Leviticus 9:24 (verbal): At the inauguration of the priesthood fire from the LORD consumes the offering—similar language and cultic function of divine fire consuming sacrificial food.
  • Gen.15:17 (allusion): The smoking oven and flaming torch pass between covenant pieces—uses flame/smoking imagery to signify God's presence and action, thematically related to fire as divine manifestation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the angel of the LORD reached with the tip of the staff that was in his hand and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; fire sprang up from the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened cakes; and the angel of the LORD departed from his sight.
  • Then the angel of the LORD put forth the end of the staff that was in his hand and touched the flesh and the unleavened cakes; and fire sprang up from the rock and consumed the flesh and the cakes. And the angel of the LORD departed out of his sight.
22 When Gideon perceived that it was the angel of the LORD, he said, “Alas, O Lord GOD! For I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face.”

Jud.6.22 - Details

Translation

When Gideon perceived that it was the angel of the LORD, he said, “Alas, O Lord GOD! For I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face.”

Original Text

וירא גדעון כי־ מלאך יהוה הוא ויאמר גדעון אהה אדני יהוה כי־ על־ כן ראיתי מלאך יהוה פנים אל־ פנים׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גדעון: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גדעון: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אהה: INTJ
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • על: PREP
  • כן: ADV
  • ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • מלאך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.13:22 (verbal): Manoah and his wife react to seeing the angel of the LORD with the same fear of dying after seeing God; wording and situation closely parallel Gideon’s exclamation.
  • Gen.32:30 (verbal): Jacob’s declaration 'I have seen God face to face' echoes the phraseology and the theme of encountering a divine/human messenger face-to-face and its existential implications.
  • Exod.33:11 (structural): Moses' unique 'face to face' communication with the LORD provides a structural parallel about intimate encounter language used for human encounters with divine presence.
  • Job 42:5 (thematic): Job’s contrast between hearing about God and now seeing Him ('my eyes have seen you') connects thematically with the transformative, overwhelming nature of a direct encounter with the divine experienced by Gideon.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Gideon perceived that he was the angel of the LORD. And Gideon said, "Alas, O Lord GOD! For now I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face."
  • Then Gideon perceived that he was the angel of the LORD, and Gideon said, Alas, O Lord GOD! For I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face.
23 But the LORD said to him, “Peace to you; do not fear; you shall not die.”

Jud.6.23 - Details

Translation

But the LORD said to him, “Peace to you; do not fear; you shall not die.”

Original Text

ויאמר לו יהוה שלום לך אל־ תירא לא תמות׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תמות: VERB,qal,yiqtol,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.6.22 (structural): Immediate context: Gideon fears he has seen God and will die; the divine messenger then reassures him with the same words in 6:23.
  • Luke 1:30 (verbal): Angel's reassurance to Mary, 'Fear not,' parallels the angelic/divine address that calms human fear in Judges 6:23.
  • Luke 2:10 (thematic): Angelic announcement to the shepherds begins with 'Fear not' and brings good news/peace—similar motif of heavenly messengers calming fear and proclaiming salvation.
  • John 14:27 (thematic): Jesus' words, 'Peace I leave with you... let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid,' combine the themes of peace and a command not to fear found in Judges 6:23.
  • Isaiah 41:10 (thematic): Divine reassurance—'Fear not, for I am with you; do not be dismayed'—echoes the prophetic/theological function of God comforting a fearful human in Judges 6:23.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the LORD said to him, "Peace to you; do not fear, you shall not die."
  • And the LORD said unto him, Peace be unto you; do not fear; you shall not die.
24 Then Gideon built an altar there to the LORD and called it The LORD Is Peace. It stands in Ophrah of the Abiezrites to this day.

Jud.6.24 - Details

Translation

Then Gideon built an altar there to the LORD and called it The LORD Is Peace. It stands in Ophrah of the Abiezrites to this day.

Original Text

ויבן שם גדעון מזבח ליהוה ויקרא־ לו יהוה שלום עד היום הזה עודנו בעפרת אבי העזרי׃

Morphology

  • ויבן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שם: ADV
  • גדעון: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • עודנו: ADV
  • בעפרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,prop
  • אבי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • העזרי: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judges 6:23 (verbal): Immediately before 6:24 the LORD greets Gideon with the word 'Peace' (שָׁלוֹם), which directly explains Gideon's naming of the altar 'YHWH Shalom.'
  • Numbers 6:24-26 (verbal): The priestly blessing invokes the LORD's favor and peace (shalom); thematically parallels the use of 'YHWH Shalom' as a theophoric declaration of God's peace.
  • Genesis 26:25 (structural): Isaac 'built an altar there and called upon the name of the LORD,' paralleling Gideon's building an altar and naming it for the LORD—common post-epiphany cultic response.
  • Genesis 12:7 (structural): Abram builds an altar at the site where the LORD appears; parallels the motif of constructing an altar at a divine revelation and dedicating it to YHWH.
  • Isaiah 9:6 (thematic): Messianic title 'Prince of Peace' resonates with the designation 'YHWH Shalom,' linking the theme of God's peace with divine identity and salvation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Gideon built there an altar to the LORD and called it The-LORD-is-Peace. It is still at Ophrah of the Abiezrites to this day.
  • Then Gideon built an altar there unto the LORD and called it The LORD Is Peace. To this day it stands in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
25 That night the LORD said to him, “Take your father's bull, the second bull seven years old, and pull down the altar of Baal that belongs to your father, and cut down the Asherah that is beside it;

Jud.6.25 - Details

Translation

That night the LORD said to him, “Take your father's bull, the second bull seven years old, and pull down the altar of Baal that belongs to your father, and cut down the Asherah that is beside it;

Original Text

ויהי בלילה ההוא ויאמר לו יהוה קח את־ פר־ השור אשר לאביך ופר השני שבע שנים והרסת את־ מזבח הבעל אשר לאביך ואת־ האשרה אשר־ עליו תכרת׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • פר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השור: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לאביך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg
  • ופר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • שבע: NUM,card
  • שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • והרסת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבעל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לאביך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • האשרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • תכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 7:5 (verbal): Divine command to destroy foreign cultic sites—'break down their altars...their Asherim shall ye cut down'—uses the same language and legal precedent for tearing down altars and cutting Asherah poles as in Judges 6:25.
  • 2 Kings 18:4 (verbal): Hezekiah 'removed the high places, brake the images, and cut down the groves (Asherim)'—a royal reform mirroring Gideon's destruction of a local Baal altar and Asherah pole.
  • 2 Chronicles 14:3 (verbal): Asa 'took away the altars of the strange gods, and the high places, and brake down the images, and cut down the groves'—another parallel account of cutting down Asherim and dismantling idolatrous worship.
  • Acts 19:19 (thematic): New Testament example of converts destroying objects associated with false religion—'they burned their books...'; thematically parallels Gideon's immediate destruction of idolatrous cultic items as repudiation of false worship.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now that night the LORD said to him, "Take your father's bull, and pull down the altar of Baal that is beside your father's house and cut down the Asherah that is beside it;
  • That same night the LORD said unto him, Take your father's bull and the second bull of seven years, and break down the altar of Baal that your father has, and cut down the Asherah that is beside it;
26 and build an altar to the LORD your God on the top of this stronghold in proper order, and take the second bull and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down.”

Jud.6.26 - Details

Translation

and build an altar to the LORD your God on the top of this stronghold in proper order, and take the second bull and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down.”

Original Text

ובנית מזבח ליהוה אלהיך על ראש המעוז הזה במערכה ולקחת את־ הפר השני והעלית עולה בעצי האשרה אשר תכרת׃

Morphology

  • ובנית: VERB,qal,impf,2,ms,sg
  • מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
  • על: PREP
  • ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המעוז: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • במערכה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ולקחת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • והעלית: VERB,hif,impf,2,m,sg
  • עולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בעצי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • האשרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • תכרת: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (verbal): Commands Israelites to tear down the altars of the nations, break sacred pillars and cut down their Asherim—direct legal precedent for destroying Asherah poles and replacing foreign cultic sites with altars to YHWH.
  • Exodus 34:13 (verbal): An earlier injunction to break down altars, smash sacred stones, and cut down Asherim—language and intent parallel Gideon’s action of cutting the Asherah and building an altar to the LORD.
  • 1 Kings 18:30-38 (structural): Elijah repairs/writes an altar to YHWH and confronts Baal worship in a public cultic confrontation; parallels Gideon’s removal of Baal/Asherah symbols and establishment of an altar to the LORD.
  • 2 Kings 18:4 (thematic): Hezekiah’s reforms: he removed high places, broke the pillars, and cut down Asherim—a later royal example of the same destructive/reformative pattern enacted by Gideon.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and build an altar to the LORD your God on the top of the stronghold here, and take the second bull and offer it as a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah that you shall cut down."
  • and build an altar to the LORD your God upon the top of this rock, in the proper order, and take the second bull and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down.
27 So Gideon took ten of his servants and did as the LORD had told him; for he feared his father's household and the men of the city, so he did it by night.

Jud.6.27 - Details

Translation

So Gideon took ten of his servants and did as the LORD had told him; for he feared his father's household and the men of the city, so he did it by night.

Original Text

ויקח גדעון עשרה אנשים מעבדיו ויעש כאשר דבר אליו יהוה ויהי כאשר ירא את־ בית אביו ואת־ אנשי העיר מעשות יומם ויעש לילה׃

Morphology

  • ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • גדעון: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מעבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • ירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אביו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מעשות: VERB,qal,inf
  • יומם: ADV
  • ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg 6:25-26 (structural): Immediate context: God commands Gideon to tear down his father's altar to Baal and cut down the Asherah; v.27 reports Gideon carrying out that command (the same episode continued).
  • Gen 31:19 (thematic): Rachel secretly takes her father’s household gods and hides them when Jacob flees — a covert removal of cult objects motivated by fear of discovery, paralleling Gideon’s nighttime action.
  • 2 Kings 18:4 (thematic): Hezekiah ‘broke the pillars’ and removed high places and idols in Judah — a royal-led destruction of pagan worship sites comparable in aim to Gideon’s removal of Baal’s altar.
  • 2 Kings 23:4-6 (thematic): Josiah’s reforms include cutting down Asherah poles and destroying altars and idols throughout the land — another instance of purging idolatry, contrasting Gideon’s secretive night work with a public reform.
  • Acts 19:19 (thematic): New believers in Ephesus publicly burn occult books, symbolically renouncing pagan practices; parallels Gideon’s decisive repudiation and removal of local pagan cult objects (though the Acts act is public and corporate).

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Gideon took ten of his servants and did as the LORD had told him, because he was afraid of his father's household and of the men of the city. He did it by night.
  • So Gideon took ten men of his servants and did as the LORD had said to him, because he was afraid of his father's household and of the men of the city to tell them by day; therefore he did it by night.
28 When the men of the city rose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was torn down, and the Asherah beside it was cut down, and the second bull was offered on the altar that had been built.

Jud.6.28 - Details

Translation

When the men of the city rose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was torn down, and the Asherah beside it was cut down, and the second bull was offered on the altar that had been built.

Original Text

וישכימו אנשי העיר בבקר והנה נתץ מזבח הבעל והאשרה אשר־ עליו כרתה ואת הפר השני העלה על־ המזבח הבנוי׃

Morphology

  • וישכימו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • בבקר: PREP
  • והנה: ADV
  • נתץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבעל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והאשרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • כרתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
  • על: PREP
  • המזבח: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הבנוי: ADJ,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judg.6.25-27 (structural): Immediate context: Gideon demolishes the Baal-altar and Asherah by night and builds a new altar for YHWH—verse 6:28 reports the morning discovery and reaction.
  • Exod.34.13 (verbal): Legal/backgroundal wording: the command to 'break down their altars, break their pillars, and cut down their Asherim' provides the covenantal injunction behind Israelite destruction of foreign cultic sites.
  • 1 Kgs.18.30-32 (verbal): Elijah on Mount Carmel: he repairs the altar of YHWH, then removes/destroys the altars and Asherah of Baal—language and action closely parallel Gideon’s destruction of Baal’s cult.
  • 2 Kgs.18.4 (thematic): Hezekiah's reforms: he 'removed the high places, broke the pillars and cut down the Asherim,' echoing the motif of righteous kings/agents destroying idolatrous objects and altars.
  • 1 Kgs.15.13 (thematic): Asa's reform: he 'removed the male shrine prostitute from the land and the Asherah that his grandmother had made'—another example of removing Asherah and cultic objects to restore proper worship.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was torn down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull was offered on the altar that had been built.
  • And when the men of the city arose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was broken down and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down; and the second bull was offered on the altar that had been built.
29 And they said to one another, “Who has done this thing?” When they inquired and searched, they said, “Gideon son of Joash has done this thing.”

Jud.6.29 - Details

Translation

And they said to one another, “Who has done this thing?” When they inquired and searched, they said, “Gideon son of Joash has done this thing.”

Original Text

ויאמרו איש אל־ רעהו מי עשה הדבר הזה וידרשו ויבקשו ויאמרו גדעון בן־ יואש עשה הדבר הזה׃

Morphology

  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • רעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • וידרשו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ויבקשו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • גדעון: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יואש: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.6:25-27 (structural): Immediate narrative antecedent: these verses describe Gideon’s tearing down of Baal’s altar and building an altar to Yahweh—the act that prompts the question in v.29.
  • 1 Kings 18:21-40 (thematic): Elijah’s public confrontation with Baal worship and the destruction/defeat of Baal’s claim; parallels the challenge to Baal cultic practice and divine vindication of the Yahweh-centered act.
  • 2 Kings 10:18-28 (thematic): Jehu’s purge of Baal worship in Israel (toppling altars, destroying images) — another instance of a single leader acting decisively against Baal cultic sites.
  • Exod.32:20 (thematic): Moses destroys the golden calf and punishes idolatry after the people’s sin—an individual leader’s forceful removal of an illicit cultic object parallels Gideon’s act.
  • Acts 19:19 (thematic): New Testament example of converts publicly destroying instruments of pagan practice (burning magic books), echoing the motif of decisive rejection and removal of illicit religious objects.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they said to one another, "Who has done this thing?" When they inquired and searched, they said, "Gideon the son of Joash has done this thing."
  • And they said one to another, Who has done this thing? When they inquired and searched, they said, Gideon the son of Joash has done this thing.
30 Then the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son that he may die, because he has torn down the altar of Baal and cut down the Asherah beside it.”

Jud.6.30 - Details

Translation

Then the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son that he may die, because he has torn down the altar of Baal and cut down the Asherah beside it.”

Original Text

ויאמרו אנשי העיר אל־ יואש הוצא את־ בנך וימת כי נתץ את־ מזבח הבעל וכי כרת האשרה אשר־ עליו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • יואש: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • הוצא: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בנך: NOUN,m,sg,cstr+poss,2,m,sg
  • וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • נתץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מזבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבעל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וכי: CONJ
  • כרת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • האשרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.6.25-27 (structural): Immediate context of the same episode: Gideon destroys the altar of Baal and cuts down the Asherah by night and then builds an altar to YHWH—sets up the action that provokes the townsmen's response in v.30.
  • Deut.12.2-3 (verbal): Legal precedent for destroying foreign cultic objects: commands Israel to break down altars, smash stones, and burn Asherim—background justification for Gideon’s act.
  • 1 Sam.7.4 (thematic): Communal removal of Baal and Ashtaroth and return to YHWH; echoes the theme of purging Canaanite cults and redirecting worship to the LORD.
  • 2 Kings 23.4-7 (thematic): Josiah’s reform: removal of altars, images, and Asherah poles and punishment of idolatrous practices—parallels Gideon’s destruction of Baal’s cult and the larger concern with eliminating Asherah worship.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the men of the city said to Joash, "Bring out your son that he may die, because he has torn down the altar of Baal and because he has cut down the Asherah that was beside it."
  • Then the men of the city said unto Joash, Bring out your son that he may die, because he has broken down the altar of Baal and because he has cut down the Asherah that was beside it.
31 But Joash said to all who stood against him, “Will you contend for Baal? Will you save him? Whoever contends for him shall be put to death by morning; if he is a god, let him contend for himself.”

Jud.6.31 - Details

Translation

But Joash said to all who stood against him, “Will you contend for Baal? Will you save him? Whoever contends for him shall be put to death by morning; if he is a god, let him contend for himself.”

Original Text

ויאמר יואש לכל אשר־ עמדו עליו האתם ׀ תריבון לבעל אם־ אתם תושיעון אותו אשר יריב לו יומת עד־ הבקר אם־ אלהים הוא ירב לו כי נתץ את־ מזבחו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יואש: NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • לכל: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עמדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • האתם: INTP+PRON,2,m,pl
  • תריבון: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,pl
  • לבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אם: CONJ
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • תושיעון: VERB,qal,imprf,2,m,pl
  • אותו: PRON,3,m,sg,obj
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • יריב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יומת: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • הבקר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אם: CONJ
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ירב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • נתץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מזבחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg,poss

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 18:21 (thematic): Elijah challenges Israel to choose between Yahweh and Baal—same rhetorical demand to abandon Baal and declare which deity they will follow (questions of allegiance).
  • 1 Kings 18:27 (verbal): Elijah mockingly invites Baal to answer (’perhaps he is on a journey/sleeping’), paralleling Joash’s taunt that if Baal is a god he should defend himself.
  • Psalm 115:4-8 (thematic): Psalmic polemic that idols are powerless (have mouths but do not speak), echoing the implicit argument that Baal cannot vindicate himself.
  • Deuteronomy 12:2-3 (structural): Command to destroy pagan altars and images; parallels Gideon’s tearing down of Baal’s altar and the family/clan controversy that follows.
  • Psalm 135:15-18 (thematic): Another prophetic/psalmic denunciation of idols as inert and unable to act—supports Joash’s claim that Baal cannot defend the desecration of his altar.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But Joash said to all who stood against him, "Will you contend for Baal? Will you save him? Whoever contends with him shall be put to death by morning; if he is a god, let him contend for himself."
  • And Joash said to all who stood against him, Will you plead for Baal? Will you save him? Whoever will plead for him shall be put to death by morning; if he is a god, let him plead for himself—because he has broken his altar.
32 Therefore on that day he was called Jerubbaal, saying, “Let Baal contend against him,” because he tore down his altar.

Jud.6.32 - Details

Translation

Therefore on that day he was called Jerubbaal, saying, “Let Baal contend against him,” because he tore down his altar.

Original Text

ויקרא־ לו ביום־ ההוא ירבעל לאמר ירב בו הבעל כי נתץ את־ מזבחו׃

Morphology

  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • ירבעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • ירב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • הבעל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • נתץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מזבחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+suff

Parallels

  • Judges 6:27 (quotation): Describes the same action—Gideon offering the meat and tearing down Baal's altar—whose destruction prompts the name Jerubbaal in v.32.
  • Judges 6:28-30 (structural): Immediate narrative context showing the town's reaction and the attempt to kill Gideon after he destroyed the altar; sets up why he is called Jerubbaal.
  • 1 Kings 18:30-40 (thematic): Elijah repairs the LORD's altar, challenges Baal's prophets and demonstrates Yahweh's supremacy—parallel theme of confronting and discrediting Baal-worship.
  • 2 Kings 10:18-28 (thematic): Jehu's violent purge of Baal worship—cutting down pillars, demolishing the temple and killing priests—another instance of removing Baal's cult from Israelite life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore on that day he was called Jerubbaal, saying, "Let Baal contend against him," for he had torn down his altar.
  • Therefore he called him Jerubbaal, saying, Let Baal contend against him, because he broke down his altar.
33 Now all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the people of the East were gathered together; they crossed over and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.

Jud.6.33 - Details

Translation

Now all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the people of the East were gathered together; they crossed over and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.

Original Text

וכל־ מדין ועמלק ובני־ קדם נאספו יחדו ויעברו ויחנו בעמק יזרעאל׃

Morphology

  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועמלק: CONJ+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • קדם: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • נאספו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
  • יחדו: ADV
  • ויעברו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ויחנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בעמק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יזרעאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 7:12 (verbal): Repeats the same enemy list (Midianites, Amalekites, and people of the East) and the image of them lying in the valley — a direct verbal and pictorial parallel to 6:33.
  • Judges 7:1 (structural): Describes Gideon and his forces encamping opposite the Midianite camp in the valley (by the spring of Harod), continuing the same narrative setting begun in 6:33.
  • Judges 6:2 (thematic): States the broader context of Midianite (and allied) oppression over Israel, framing the enemy threat that culminates in their assembly in 6:33.
  • Psalm 83:9-10 (thematic): Invokes past deliverances over enemies (including Midian) and reflects the motif of hostile coalitions against Israel and God's saving intervention — a theological echo of the Midianite threat in Judges.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then all the Midianites and Amalek and the people of the East gathered together, and they crossed over and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.
  • And all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the people of the East were gathered together; they crossed over and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.
34 Then the Spirit of the LORD clothed Gideon, and he blew a trumpet; and the Abiezrites were summoned after him.

Jud.6.34 - Details

Translation

Then the Spirit of the LORD clothed Gideon, and he blew a trumpet; and the Abiezrites were summoned after him.

Original Text

ורוח יהוה לבשה את־ גדעון ויתקע בשופר ויזעק אביעזר אחריו׃

Morphology

  • ורוח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לבשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • גדעון: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • ויתקע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • בשופר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויזעק: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אביעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judges 3:10 (verbal): The exact formula 'the Spirit of the LORD came upon him' is used of Othniel, marking divine empowerment for deliverance and leadership, paralleling Gideon's commissioning.
  • Judges 11:29 (verbal): Of Jephthah: 'the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah,' enabling him to lead Israel to victory—same motif of the Spirit empowering a judge/leader for military action.
  • Judges 14:6 (verbal): Describes Samson: 'the Spirit of the LORD came mightily upon him' and he performed a strong exploit. Close verbal and thematic parallel emphasizing Spirit-empowered strength and action.
  • 1 Samuel 11:6 (thematic): When Saul hears of Jabesh-gilead he is filled with the Spirit and acts decisively to rescue the city—a Saulic analogue to Spirit-empowered military mobilization (cf. Gideon blowing the trumpet to rally men).
  • 1 Chronicles 12:18 (verbal): The chronicler's account of men coming to David ends with 'the Spirit clothed Amasai,' echoing the language of the Spirit 'clothing' or coming upon a leader to prompt allegiance and action.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the Spirit of the LORD clothed Gideon, and he blew the trumpet, and Abiezer was gathered after him.
  • Then the Spirit of the LORD clothed Gideon, and he blew a trumpet, and Abiezer was summoned after him.
35 He sent messengers throughout Manasseh, and they also were summoned after him; and he sent messengers to Asher and Zebulun and Naphtali, and they went up to meet them.

Jud.6.35 - Details

Translation

He sent messengers throughout Manasseh, and they also were summoned after him; and he sent messengers to Asher and Zebulun and Naphtali, and they went up to meet them.

Original Text

ומלאכים שלח בכל־ מנשה ויזעק גם־ הוא אחריו ומלאכים שלח באשר ובזבלון ובנפתלי ויעלו לקראתם׃

Morphology

  • ומלאכים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויזעק: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • גם: ADV
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • ומלאכים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • באשר: CONJ
  • ובזבלון: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובנפתלי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לקראתם: PREP,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Judg 6:33 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the same episode: Gideon blows a trumpet and men of Manasseh, Asher, Zebulun and Naphtali are gathered—6:35 continues the account of messengers sent and people coming.
  • Judg 4:10 (verbal): Deborah and Barak muster forces from Naphtali and Zebulun—shares the same tribal names and the motif of calling up these northern tribes for battle.
  • Judg 5:18 (thematic): The Song of Deborah celebrates Zebulun and Naphtali for risking their lives in battle, thematically echoing their readiness to respond when summoned.
  • 1 Sam 11:7-11 (structural): Saul sends couriers and summons Israel to assemble (Gilgal) after a crisis—parallel practice of dispatching messengers to muster troops for a military response.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sent messengers throughout Manasseh, and they were called out to follow him; he also sent messengers to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, and they went up to meet them.
  • He sent messengers throughout Manasseh, and they also were summoned; he sent messengers to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, and they went up to meet them.
36 And Gideon said to God, “If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said,

Jud.6.36 - Details

Translation

And Gideon said to God, “If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said,

Original Text

ויאמר גדעון אל־ האלהים אם־ ישך מושיע בידי את־ ישראל כאשר דברת׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גדעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אם: CONJ
  • ישך: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • מושיע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בידי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff1s
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • דברת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.6:37-40 (structural): Immediate continuation of Gideon’s request — the famous fleece sign where he seeks confirmation from God that he will save Israel by Gideon’s hand.
  • Isaiah 7:11 (verbal): God invites King Ahaz to "ask a sign" for confirmation; uses similar language about requesting a sign, providing a contrast in responses (Ahaz refuses, Gideon requests).
  • Exod.4:1-9 (thematic): Moses seeks and is given signs to confirm his divine commissioning (staff-to-serpent, leprous hand), paralleling Gideon’s request for a sign as confirmation of his call to deliver Israel.
  • 1 Kings 18:36-39 (thematic): Elijah prays that God reveal Himself and vindicate His prophet, resulting in dramatic divine demonstration and deliverance of Israel — thematically akin to Gideon seeking God’s vindicating sign.
  • Matt.12:38-39 (allusion): Religious leaders demand a sign from Jesus; Jesus replies only the sign of Jonah — contrasts the expectation and reception of signs in Israel’s prophetic tradition with Gideon’s personal request and affirmation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Gideon said to God, "If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said,
  • And Gideon said unto God, If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken,
37 behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor; if there is dew only on the fleece and it is dry on all the ground, then I shall know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said.”

Jud.6.37 - Details

Translation

behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor; if there is dew only on the fleece and it is dry on all the ground, then I shall know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said.”

Original Text

הנה אנכי מציג את־ גזת הצמר בגרן אם טל יהיה על־ הגזה לבדה ועל־ כל־ הארץ חרב וידעתי כי־ תושיע בידי את־ ישראל כאשר דברת׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • מציג: VERB,hiph,ptc,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • גזת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הצמר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בגרן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אם: CONJ
  • טל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הגזה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לבדה: ADV
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • כל: DET
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וידעתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • תושיע: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
  • בידי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff1s
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • דברת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judges 6:36-40 (structural): Immediate context: the broader pericope records Gideon’s fleece-sign episode—verse 37 is part of a twofold request (dew on fleece, earth dry; then fleece dry, earth wet).
  • Isaiah 7:11-14 (thematic): God (through Isaiah) challenges King Ahaz to ask for a sign from the LORD—a parallel motif of requesting a divine sign to confirm God’s word or promise.
  • Matthew 12:38-40 (thematic): Scribes and Pharisees demand a sign from Jesus; his response about the ‘sign of Jonah’ contrasts human tests/requests for signs with God’s own timing and purposes.
  • 1 Kings 18:41-45 (thematic): Elijah’s prophetic sign of rain after a drought uses a meteorological phenomenon as confirmation of God’s action, echoing Gideon’s use of dew/rain as a divine sign.

Alternative generated candidates

  • behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor; if there is dew only on the fleece and all the ground is dry, then I shall know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said."
  • behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing-floor; if there be dew on the fleece only, and it be dry upon all the ground, then shall I know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said.
38 And it was so; he rose early on the next day and squeezed the fleece, and wrung out dew — a bowlful of water.

Jud.6.38 - Details

Translation

And it was so; he rose early on the next day and squeezed the fleece, and wrung out dew — a bowlful of water.

Original Text

ויהי־ כן וישכם ממחרת ויזר את־ הגזה וימץ טל מן־ הגזה מלוא הספל מים׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כן: ADV
  • וישכם: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • ממחרת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ויזר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הגזה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וימץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • טל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מן: PREP
  • הגזה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מלוא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הספל: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.6.36 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: Gideon first requests a sign with the fleece (asking that dew fall on the fleece while the ground remains dry), which sets up the event described in 6:38.
  • Judg.6.39-40 (structural): Direct continuation/contrast: Gideon asks a second test (that the fleece be dry and the ground wet), completing the twofold sign-account that frames verse 6:38.
  • Num.17:8 (thematic): Overnight miraculous sign (Aaron’s rod budding) confirming divine choice/authority—parallel function to the fleece as a visible heavenly sign verifying God’s call.
  • 1 Kgs.18:41-45 (thematic): Elijah’s prophetic sign concerning rain/dew from heaven: like Gideon’s fleece, a meteorological phenomenon serves as a divine confirmation and demonstration of God’s power.
  • Ps.133:3 (thematic): Uses dew as a divine blessing and symbol of God’s favor—parallels the motif of dew/rain as a sign of God’s presence and blessing in Gideon’s story.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And it was so; when he rose early the next morning and squeezed the fleece, he wrung out the dew, a bowlful of water from the fleece.
  • And it was so. When he rose early on the morrow and squeezed the fleece, he wrung a bowl full of dew out of the fleece.
39 And Gideon said to God, “Do not be angry with me; let me speak but this once: please let me test but this once with the fleece; let it now be dry only on the fleece and on all the ground let there be dew.”

Jud.6.39 - Details

Translation

And Gideon said to God, “Do not be angry with me; let me speak but this once: please let me test but this once with the fleece; let it now be dry only on the fleece and on all the ground let there be dew.”

Original Text

ויאמר גדעון אל־ האלהים אל־ יחר אפך בי ואדברה אך הפעם אנסה נא־ רק־ הפעם בגזה יהי־ נא חרב אל־ הגזה לבדה ועל־ כל־ הארץ יהיה־ טל׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גדעון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • יחר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ואדברה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • אך: PART
  • הפעם: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אנסה: VERB,hiph,impf,1,c,sg
  • נא: PART
  • רק: PRT
  • הפעם: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • בגזה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • יהי: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • הגזה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לבדה: PREP+ADJ,f,sg
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • כל: DET
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • טל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.6:36-40 (structural): Immediate context: the two 'fleece' tests (first wet on dry ground, then dry on wet) that verify God's call to Gideon; 6:39 records the second test.
  • Exod.4:1-9 (thematic): Moses asks for and receives miraculous signs from God to confirm his commissioning (staff to serpent, hand leprous), paralleling Gideon's request for a sign to validate his mission.
  • Isa.7:11-14 (allusion): Ahaz is invited to ask for a sign from the LORD but refuses; contrasts with Gideon, who actively requests and receives a sign—both involve the motif of requesting a divine sign.
  • Matt.12:38-40 (thematic): Religious leaders demand a miraculous sign from Jesus and are rebuked; parallels the broader motif of people testing God by seeking miraculous confirmation for a messenger or mission.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Gideon said to God, "Do not let your anger burn against me; let me make one more test only; let me make this test: let the fleece be dry only and let there be dew on all the ground."
  • And Gideon said unto God, Do not be angry with me; let me speak but this once: let me, I pray, make trial once more with the fleece; let it now be dry only upon the fleece, and upon all the ground let there be dew.
40 And God did so that night; it was dry on the fleece only, and dew was on all the ground.

Jud.6.40 - Details

Translation

And God did so that night; it was dry on the fleece only, and dew was on all the ground.

Original Text

ויעש אלהים כן בלילה ההוא ויהי־ חרב אל־ הגזה לבדה ועל־ כל־ הארץ היה טל׃

Morphology

  • ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כן: ADV
  • בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • הגזה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לבדה: PREP+ADJ,f,sg
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • כל: DET
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • טל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 6:36-39 (structural): Immediate context of the fleece episode: Gideon's two requests (wet fleece/dry ground and then dry fleece/wet ground) and the initial fulfillment; v.40 is the concluding fulfillment of that sign sequence.
  • Exodus 16:13 (thematic): Reports dew around the Israelite camp accompanying God's provision of manna — uses dew imagery as a tangible sign of divine provision and care, like the dew confirming Gideon's sign.
  • 1 Samuel 12:17-18 (thematic): Samuel calls down an extraordinary thunderstorm at harvest as a sign to confirm his word — another instance where God uses weather as a confirmatory sign for Israel.
  • 1 Kings 18:41-45 (thematic): Elijah's prayer leads to a dramatic change in weather (end of drought and coming rain), illustrating God’s control of dew/rain as a sign and confirmation of prophetic action.
  • Genesis 9:12-17 (thematic): God gives the rainbow as a visible sign to confirm his promise/covenant with Noah — parallels the function of Gideon's fleece as a divine sign confirming God's word.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And God did so that night; for it was dry on the fleece only, and there was dew on all the ground.
  • And God did so that night; for it was dry upon the fleece only, and there was dew on all the ground.

The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD, and the LORD gave them into the hand of Midian for seven years. And the power of Midian prevailed over Israel; because of Midian the Israelites made for themselves caves in the mountains, and strongholds, and dens.

Whenever Israel planted, Midian and Amalek and the people of the East would come up against them.

They encamped against them and ruined the produce of the land as far as Gaza; they left no sustenance in Israel — no sheep, ox, or donkey.

For they and their livestock would come up like swarms of locusts; their tents and camels covered the land, and they came into the land to ruin it. So Israel was greatly impoverished because of Midian, and the Israelites cried out to the LORD.

When the Israelites cried to the LORD because of the Midianites,

the LORD sent a prophet to the Israelites, and he said to them, “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: I brought you up from Egypt and brought you out of the house of slavery.

I delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of all who oppressed you, and I drove them out before you and gave you their land. And I said to you, ‘I am the LORD your God; you shall not fear the gods of the Amorites in whose land you dwell,’ — yet you did not obey my voice.” Now the angel of the LORD came and sat under the oak that was in Ophrah, which belonged to Joash the Abiezrite; and Gideon his son was beating out wheat in the winepress to hide it from the Midianites. And the angel of the LORD appeared to him and said to him, “The LORD is with you, O mighty warrior.” And Gideon said to him, “Please, my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wonderful deeds which our fathers recounted, saying, ‘Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt?’ Now the LORD has forsaken us and given us into the hand of Midian.”

The LORD turned to him and said, “Go in this your strength and save Israel from the hand of Midian; have I not sent you?” And he said to him, “Please, my lord, with what shall I save Israel? Behold, my clan is the weakest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my father's house.” And the LORD said to him, “I will be with you, and you shall strike down Midian as one man.” And Gideon said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, then show me a sign that it is you who speak with me.”

Do not depart from here until I come to you and bring out my present and set it before you.” And he said, “I will stay until you return.” So Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and an ephah of flour; he made it into unleavened cakes in a basket and put the broth in a pot, and brought them out to him under the oak and presented them. And the angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened cakes and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” And he did so.

Then the angel of the LORD reached out the tip of the staff that was in his hand and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; fire sprang up from the rock and consumed the meat and the cakes. And the angel of the LORD departed from his sight.

When Gideon perceived that it was the angel of the LORD, he said, “Alas, O Lord GOD! For I have seen the angel of the LORD face to face.” But the LORD said to him, “Peace to you; do not fear; you shall not die.”

Then Gideon built an altar there to the LORD and called it The LORD Is Peace. It stands in Ophrah of the Abiezrites to this day.

That night the LORD said to him, “Take your father's bull, the second bull seven years old, and pull down the altar of Baal that belongs to your father, and cut down the Asherah that is beside it;

and build an altar to the LORD your God on the top of this stronghold in proper order, and take the second bull and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down.” So Gideon took ten of his servants and did as the LORD had told him; for he feared his father's household and the men of the city, so he did it by night.

When the men of the city rose early in the morning, behold, the altar of Baal was torn down, and the Asherah beside it was cut down, and the second bull was offered on the altar that had been built. And they said to one another, “Who has done this thing?” When they inquired and searched, they said, “Gideon son of Joash has done this thing.”

Then the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son that he may die, because he has torn down the altar of Baal and cut down the Asherah beside it.” But Joash said to all who stood against him, “Will you contend for Baal? Will you save him? Whoever contends for him shall be put to death by morning; if he is a god, let him contend for himself.”

Therefore on that day he was called Jerubbaal, saying, “Let Baal contend against him,” because he tore down his altar. Now all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the people of the East were gathered together; they crossed over and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.

Then the Spirit of the LORD clothed Gideon, and he blew a trumpet; and the Abiezrites were summoned after him.

He sent messengers throughout Manasseh, and they also were summoned after him; and he sent messengers to Asher and Zebulun and Naphtali, and they went up to meet them. And Gideon said to God, “If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said,

behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor; if there is dew only on the fleece and it is dry on all the ground, then I shall know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have said.” And it was so; he rose early on the next day and squeezed the fleece, and wrung out dew — a bowlful of water. And Gideon said to God, “Do not be angry with me; let me speak but this once: please let me test but this once with the fleece; let it now be dry only on the fleece and on all the ground let there be dew.” And God did so that night; it was dry on the fleece only, and dew was on all the ground.