A Time for Every Season: God’s Sovereignty and Human Limits

Ecclesiastes 3:1-22

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 For everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under the heavens.

Ecc.3.1 - Details

Translation

For everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under the heavens.

Original Text

לכל זמן ועת לכל־ חפץ תחת השמים׃

Morphology

  • לכל: PREP
  • זמן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לכל: PREP
  • חפץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • תחת: PREP
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:14 (verbal): Uses the same idea of God appointing 'seasons' (moedim) and times for heavenly signs and cycles — divine ordering of times.
  • Psalm 104:19 (thematic): Speaks of God appointing the moon for seasons, echoing the theme that celestial order establishes appointed times under heaven.
  • Acts 1:7 (verbal): Jesus tells the disciples that it is the Father's prerogative to set 'times and seasons,' echoing Ecclesiastes' emphasis on God‑ordained times.
  • 1 Thessalonians 5:1 (allusion): Paul speaks of 'times and seasons' regarding eschatological expectation, reflecting the biblical category of appointed times.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:11 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: God's making 'everything beautiful in its time' develops the book's central conviction that there is an appointed time for all things.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under the heavens.
  • To every thing there is a season, and a time for every purpose under the heavens.
2 A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted.

Ecc.3.2 - Details

Translation

A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted.

Original Text

עת ללדת ועת למות עת לטעת ועת לעקור נטוע׃

Morphology

  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • ללדת: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • למות: VERB,qal,inf
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לטעת: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לעקור: VERB,qal,inf
  • נטוע: PART,qal,ptcp,m,sg

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 1:10 (verbal): God commissions Jeremiah 'to pluck up and to break down... to build and to plant'—language of planting and uprooting directly echoes Ecclesiastes' 'a time to plant and a time to uproot.'
  • Job 14:1-2 (thematic): Speaks of human life as transient—'born of a woman, few of days... comes forth like a flower and withers'—paralleling the 'time to be born and a time to die' theme.
  • Genesis 8:22 (thematic): God's promise that 'seedtime and harvest... shall not cease' reflects the idea of appointed seasons and times for human and agricultural activity, as in Ecclesiastes' seasons-of-life motif.
  • Psalm 90:12 (thematic): 'Teach us to number our days' emphasizes human mortality and the need to reckon with life's limited time, resonating with Ecclesiastes' juxtaposition of birth/death and planting/uprooting.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to uproot what is planted.
  • A time to be born and a time to die; a time to plant and a time to uproot what is planted.
3 A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up.

Ecc.3.3 - Details

Translation

A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up.

Original Text

עת להרוג ועת לרפוא עת לפרוץ ועת לבנות׃

Morphology

  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • להרוג: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לרפוא: VERB,qal,inf
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לפרוץ: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לבנות: ADJ,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:1-8 (structural): The immediate poetic context: a catalogue of opposing ‘times’ (e.g., a time to kill/a time to heal; to break down/to build up), showing the unitary structure and theme of appointed times.
  • Genesis 8:22 (thematic): Speaks of recurring seasonal order ('seedtime and harvest, cold and heat'), echoing the theme of divinely ordered cycles and appropriate times for actions.
  • Daniel 2:21 (thematic): Affirms that God 'changes times and seasons' and controls the rise and fall of rulers—paralleling the idea that there are appointed times for different human affairs.
  • Psalm 31:15 (Heb. 31:15) (thematic): 'My times are in your hand' connects to the motif that human events and seasons fall under divine sovereignty and appointed timing.
  • Ecclesiastes 8:6 (verbal): Within Ecclesiastes itself: 'For there is a proper time and procedure for every matter,' reiterating the notion that each action has its fitting time.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up.
  • A time to kill and a time to heal; a time to tear down and a time to build up.
4 A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance.

Ecc.3.4 - Details

Translation

A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance.

Original Text

עת לבכות ועת לשחוק עת ספוד ועת רקוד׃

Morphology

  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לבכות: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לשחוק: VERB,qal,inf
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • ספוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • רקוד: VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA,NA

Parallels

  • Psalm 30:11 (verbal): Speaks of God turning mourning into dancing—directly echoes the contrast between weeping/mourning and laughing/dancing in Ecclesiastes 3:4.
  • Psalm 126:5-6 (thematic): Contrasts sowing in tears with reaping with shouts of joy; thematically parallels the movement from sorrow to rejoicing found in Eccl. 3:4.
  • Jeremiah 31:13 (verbal): Promises turning mourning into joy and giving gladness for sorrow—uses the same reversal motif as Ecclesiastes 3:4.
  • Isaiah 61:3 (verbal): Speaks of giving 'beauty for ashes' and 'the oil of joy for mourning,' echoing the exchange of mourning for dancing/joy in Eccl. 3:4.
  • Luke 6:21 (thematic): Jesus says, 'Blessed are you who weep, for you will laugh,' a New Testament reflection on the reversal from weeping to laughter found in Ecclesiastes 3:4.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance.
  • A time to weep and a time to laugh; a time to mourn and a time to dance.
5 A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing.

Ecc.3.5 - Details

Translation

A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing.

Original Text

עת להשליך אבנים ועת כנוס אבנים עת לחבוק ועת לרחק מחבק׃

Morphology

  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • להשליך: VERB,qal,inf
  • אבנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כנוס: VERB,qal,inf
  • אבנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לחבוק: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לרחק: VERB,qal,inf
  • מחבק: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:1 (structural): Opens the poem 'For everything there is a season,' which frames v.5; establishes the litany of "a time to..." that v.5 participates in.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:8 (structural): Another pair of opposites in the same list ('a time to love, and a time to hate')—shows the pattern of contrasting actions like 'to embrace' and 'to refrain from embracing.'
  • Ecclesiastes 3:11 (thematic): Declares that God has made everything beautiful in its time, echoing the poem's concern with appointed seasons and the proper timing of actions such as gathering or casting stones and embracing.
  • Daniel 2:21 (thematic): Attributes the changing of times and seasons to God ('He changes times and seasons'), paralleling Ecclesiastes' focus on appointed times for human actions.
  • Acts 1:7 (thematic): Jesus states that the Father has set 'times and seasons' and they are not for humans to know or set—echoes the theme that timing belongs to divine authority rather than human choice.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing.
  • A time to cast away stones and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace and a time to refrain from embracing.
6 A time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away.

Ecc.3.6 - Details

Translation

A time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away.

Original Text

עת לבקש ועת לאבד עת לשמור ועת להשליך׃

Morphology

  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לבקש: PREP+VERB,qal,infc
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לאבד: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לשמור: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • להשליך: PREP+VERB,hiph,inf

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:1 (structural): The verse is part of the larger 'a time/season' poem; 3:1 frames the whole set of paired opposites (a time for everything).
  • 2 Timothy 4:2 (verbal): Paul urges proclamation 'in season and out of season,' echoing the language and idea of appointed times/seasons found in Eccles. 3.1–8.
  • Matthew 10:39 (thematic): Jesus' paradox 'whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for my sake will find it' echoes the paired motif of finding and losing in Eccles.3:6.
  • Matthew 7:7 (verbal): 'Ask, and it will be given you; seek, and you will find' parallels the seek/find polarity in Eccles.3:6 (a time to seek).
  • Luke 14:33 (thematic): Jesus' demand to renounce possessions ('give up all that you have') resonates with the keep/cast away polarity (a time to keep and a time to throw away) in Eccles.3:6.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to throw away.
  • A time to seek and a time to lose; a time to keep and a time to cast away.
7 A time to tear, and a time to sew; a time to be silent, and a time to speak.

Ecc.3.7 - Details

Translation

A time to tear, and a time to sew; a time to be silent, and a time to speak.

Original Text

עת לקרוע ועת לתפור עת לחשות ועת לדבר׃

Morphology

  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לקרוע: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לתפור: VERB,qal,inf
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לחשות: VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לדבר: INF,qal

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:1-8 (structural): The broader poem of 'a time for everything' of which 3:7 is a line; the pairs of opposites (tear/sew, silence/speak) occur within this structural unit.
  • Ecclesiastes 8:6 (thematic): Echoes the motif that there is a proper time and purpose for actions and judgment, reinforcing the book’s theme of appointed times.
  • James 1:19 (verbal): James' admonition to be 'quick to hear, slow to speak' parallels the Ecclesiastes contrast between times for silence and for speaking.
  • Proverbs 17:27-28 (thematic): Proverbs emphasizes restraint of speech and the wisdom of silence (and how silence can make one seem wise), resonating with 'a time to be silent and a time to speak.'
  • Proverbs 15:23 (thematic): Speaks of the value of a word 'in due season,' paralleling the Ecclesiastes idea that there is an appropriate time to speak.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A time to tear, and a time to sew; a time to keep silence, and a time to speak.
  • A time to rend and a time to sew; a time to keep silence and a time to speak.
8 A time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace.

Ecc.3.8 - Details

Translation

A time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace.

Original Text

עת לאהב ועת לשנא עת מלחמה ועת שלום׃

Morphology

  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לאהב: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לשנא: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ועת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Matthew 5:43-44 (thematic): Contrasts commands to love versus hate by urging love for enemies, echoing the polarity 'a time to love and a time to hate.'
  • Romans 12:17-21 (thematic): Addresses responses to wrongdoing and the pursuit of peace rather than revenge—paralleling 'a time of war and a time of peace' and the ethical tension between hostility and reconciliation.
  • Isaiah 2:4 (allusion): Vision of an end to war—'they shall beat their swords into plowshares'—provides an eschatological counterpart to the motif 'a time for war and a time for peace.'
  • Proverbs 10:12 (verbal): Direct verbal contrast: 'Hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all offenses,' reflecting the paired opposites 'love' and 'hate' in Ecclesiastes.
  • James 3:17-18 (thematic): Presents 'peaceable' wisdom and the fruit of righteousness sown in peace, resonating with the theme that seasons exist for conflict and for peace.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace.
  • A time to love and a time to hate; a time for war and a time for peace.
9 What profit has the one who works from his toil?

Ecc.3.9 - Details

Translation

What profit has the one who works from his toil?

Original Text

מה־ יתרון העושה באשר הוא עמל׃

Morphology

  • מה: PRON,int
  • יתרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • העושה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg,def
  • באשר: CONJ
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • עמל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 1:3 (verbal): A near-identical rhetorical question about the profit or advantage of human labor—repeats Qoheleth's central concern about the value of toil.
  • Ecclesiastes 2:22-23 (verbal): Explicitly asks what a person gains from all their work and concludes that toil produces anxiety and no lasting profit—same thematic complaint about labor's futility.
  • Ecclesiastes 5:16 (thematic): Describes a man who toils but takes nothing from his labor when he dies, reinforcing Qoheleth's point that work yields little ultimate benefit.
  • Psalm 127:2 (thematic): Suggests that human labor is vain without the LORD's blessing—parallels Qoheleth's questioning of the ultimate value of toil, attributing meaning (or lack thereof) to divine favor.
  • Proverbs 14:23 (thematic): Affirms that toil can bring profit but contrasts with Qoheleth by asserting a positive outcome to diligent work—useful as a counterpoint to the question of 'advantage' in Eccl 3:9.

Alternative generated candidates

  • What profit has the worker from his toil?
  • What profit has the worker from his toil?
10 I have seen the task that God has given the children of man to be occupied with.

Ecc.3.10 - Details

Translation

I have seen the task that God has given the children of man to be occupied with.

Original Text

ראיתי את־ הענין אשר נתן אלהים לבני האדם לענות בו׃

Morphology

  • ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הענין: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לבני: PREP
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לענות: VERB,qal,inf
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 2:15 (thematic): God assigns work to humankind—man placed in the garden 'to work it and keep it,' paralleling the idea of a divinely given task.
  • Ecclesiastes 1:13 (verbal): Same speaker reflects on examining 'the business' or affairs under heaven—similar language and concern with the task God gives to humans.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:11 (thematic): Affirms God's sovereign ordering—'made everything beautiful in its time' and setting eternity in the human heart, connected to God's provision and purpose for human activity.
  • Colossians 3:23-24 (allusion): Transforms the Old Testament idea of earthly tasks into a New Testament ethic: work as service rendered to the Lord, echoing the notion of a God-given assignment.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:13 (structural): The book’s conclusion states the 'whole duty of man' given by God—summarizes and interprets what the divinely appointed task or responsibility consists of.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I have seen the work that God has given to human beings to be occupied with.
  • I have seen the task that God has given to the sons of men to be busy with.
11 He has made everything beautiful in its time; moreover he has put a sense of eternity in their hearts, yet man cannot fathom the work that God has done from beginning to end.

Ecc.3.11 - Details

Translation

He has made everything beautiful in its time; moreover he has put a sense of eternity in their hearts, yet man cannot fathom the work that God has done from beginning to end.

Original Text

את־ הכל עשה יפה בעתו גם את־ העלם נתן בלבם מבלי אשר לא־ ימצא האדם את־ המעשה אשר־ עשה האלהים מראש ועד־ סוף׃

Morphology

  • את: PRT,acc
  • הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יפה: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • בעתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms
  • גם: ADV
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העלם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בלבם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,pl
  • מבלי: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ימצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • את: PRT,acc
  • המעשה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP
  • סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:1 (structural): Immediate context: 3:1–8 sets the theme of 'a time for everything'; 3:11 echoes and summarizes that God orders times and makes all beautiful in its season.
  • Isaiah 46:9-10 (allusion): God declares the end from the beginning and accomplishes his purposes—parallels the idea of divine sovereignty over time and human inability to comprehend God's whole work.
  • Proverbs 25:2 (verbal): 'It is the glory of God to conceal a matter' corresponds to Eccles.3:11's claim that humans cannot find out the work God does, highlighting divine hiddenness and inscrutability.
  • Job 38:4 (thematic): God's challenge to Job ('Where were you when I laid the earth's foundation?') underscores human limitations in understanding God's acts from beginning to end, echoing Eccles.3:11.
  • Romans 11:33 (allusion): Paul's doxology on the 'unsearchable' judgments and 'ways past finding out' of God directly echoes the theme of Eccles.3:11 that God's works transcend human comprehension.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He has made everything beautiful in its time; moreover he has put an awareness of eternity in their hearts, yet so that they cannot find out the work that God has done from beginning to end.
  • He has made everything beautiful in its time; moreover he has set eternity in their hearts, yet so that man cannot find out the work that God has done from the beginning to the end.
12 I perceived that there is nothing better for them than to rejoice and to do good in their lives.

Ecc.3.12 - Details

Translation

I perceived that there is nothing better for them than to rejoice and to do good in their lives.

Original Text

ידעתי כי אין טוב בם כי אם־ לשמוח ולעשות טוב בחייו׃

Morphology

  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אין: PART,neg
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • אם: CONJ
  • לשמוח: VERB,qal,inf
  • ולעשות: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • בחייו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,ms

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:13 (verbal): Reiterates the same idea: that men should eat, drink and enjoy the good of their labor—this enjoyment is presented as a gift from God, closely echoing 3:12's 'to be glad and do good in his life.'
  • Ecclesiastes 2:24-25 (thematic): States that nothing is better than to eat, drink and find enjoyment in one's work—links the good of life and enjoyment with God's gift, a central theme shared with 3:12.
  • Ecclesiastes 8:15 (thematic): Solomon's summary judgment: commendation of enjoyment because there is nothing better under the sun than to eat, drink and be glad—a parallel endorsement of life’s simple joys as good.
  • Ecclesiastes 5:18-20 (thematic): Speaks of rejoicing in one's labor and receiving enjoyment as God's gift, emphasizing contentment and doing good during life—resonates with 3:12's call to rejoice and do good.
  • Psalm 118:24 (allusion): ‘This is the day that the LORD has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it’—a liturgical call to rejoice that parallels Ecclesiastes' affirmation of gladness and doing good in life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I perceived that there is nothing better for them than to rejoice and to do good in their lives.
  • I know that there is nothing better for them than to be glad and to do good in their lives.
13 And also that every person who eats and drinks and sees good in all his labor—this is the gift of God.

Ecc.3.13 - Details

Translation

And also that every person who eats and drinks and sees good in all his labor—this is the gift of God.

Original Text

וגם כל־ האדם שיאכל ושתה וראה טוב בכל־ עמלו מתת אלהים היא׃

Morphology

  • וגם: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שיאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ושתה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • וראה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עמלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • מתת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אלהים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 2:24 (verbal): Expresses the same proposition that eating, drinking, and enjoying one's work is a gift from God; nearly identical language and theological point within the same book.
  • Ecclesiastes 5:18-20 (thematic): Develops the theme that a person should enjoy the fruits of their labor as a divine gift, contrasting human striving with God's bestowal of enjoyment.
  • Ecclesiastes 9:7 (thematic): Urges eating, drinking, and rejoicing with one’s household while alive—echoes the call to enjoy life and God’s provision amid life's brevity.
  • Psalm 104:14-15 (thematic): Attributes food, wine, and sustenance to God’s provision so that humans may 'bring forth food' and 'gladden the heart,' paralleling the idea that enjoyment of labor is God’s gift.
  • 1 Timothy 6:17 (allusion): Paul instructs the wealthy to trust the 'living God who gives us richly all things to enjoy,' echoing the Old Testament conviction that enjoyment of God’s gifts is divinely granted.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And also that every person who eats and drinks and sees good in all his toil—this is the gift of God.
  • And also that every person who eats and drinks and sees good in all his toil—this is the gift of God.
14 I know that whatever God does endures forever; nothing can be added to it, nor taken from it. God has done this so that men should stand in awe before him.

Ecc.3.14 - Details

Translation

I know that whatever God does endures forever; nothing can be added to it, nor taken from it. God has done this so that men should stand in awe before him.

Original Text

ידעתי כי כל־ אשר יעשה האלהים הוא יהיה לעולם עליו אין להוסיף וממנו אין לגרע והאלהים עשה שיראו מלפניו׃

Morphology

  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • יעשה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • אין: PART,neg
  • להוסיף: VERB,hif,inf
  • וממנו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אין: PART,neg
  • לגרע: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • והאלהים: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שיראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • מלפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:11 (structural): Immediate parallel in the same passage: God 'puts eternity' into human hearts and works in a way beyond human comprehension, setting up 3:14's claim that God's works endure and are complete.
  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (thematic): Affirms the perfection and righteousness of God's work ('His work is perfect'), resonating with the idea that what God does is complete and needs neither addition nor subtraction.
  • Psalm 111:7-8 (thematic): Speaks of the works of God's hands as faithful and established forever, echoing Ecclesiastes' claim that whatever God does endures eternally.
  • Revelation 22:18-19 (verbal): Uses the closely related language about adding to or taking away from what God has ordained, paralleling Ecclesiastes' statement that nothing may be added or taken from God's work.
  • Romans 11:36 (allusion): Emphasizes that all things are from, through, and to God, reflecting the theological thrust that God's actions are sovereign, self-sufficient, and enduring.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I know that whatever God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it, and nothing taken from it. God has made it so that people should stand in awe before him.
  • I know that whatever God does will endure forever; nothing can be added to it, and nothing taken from it; and God has done it, that men should stand in awe before him.
15 What has been is already; and what will be has already been; and God seeks what has gone by.

Ecc.3.15 - Details

Translation

What has been is already; and what will be has already been; and God seeks what has gone by.

Original Text

מה־ שהיה כבר הוא ואשר להיות כבר היה והאלהים יבקש את־ נרדף׃

Morphology

  • מה: PRON,int
  • שהיה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
  • להיות: VERB,qal,inf,NA,NA,NA
  • כבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • והאלהים: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • יבקש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נרדף: PART,niphal,ptcp,ms,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 (verbal): Uses the same claim about repetition — “there is nothing new under the sun” — paralleling 3:15’s assertion that what has been will be done again.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:1 (thematic): Both verses treat the cyclicality of time and human affairs (‘to everything there is a season’), framing events as recurrent rather than novel.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:14 (thematic): Affirms God’s enduring action and the permanence of what he does, connecting to 3:15’s implication about God’s relation to past and future deeds.
  • Isaiah 46:9-10 (allusion): God’s declaration of declaring the end from the beginning resonates with 3:15’s theme that what has been is what will be and with the idea that God knows/seeks what has gone before.

Alternative generated candidates

  • What has been already is, and what is to be has already been; and God seeks what has gone by.
  • What is has already been, and what is to be has already been; and God seeks what has been pursued.
16 Moreover I saw under the sun a place of judgment, and wickedness was there; and in the place of justice, wickedness was there.

Ecc.3.16 - Details

Translation

Moreover I saw under the sun a place of judgment, and wickedness was there; and in the place of justice, wickedness was there.

Original Text

ועוד ראיתי תחת השמש מקום המשפט שמה הרשע ומקום הצדק שמה הרשע׃

Morphology

  • ועוד: CONJ
  • ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • תחת: PREP
  • השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המשפט: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שמה: ADV
  • הרשע: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ומקום: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הצדק: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שמה: ADV
  • הרשע: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Proverbs 17:15 (verbal): Speaks of justifying the wicked and condemning the righteous—directly parallels the reversal of justice noted in Ecclesiastes (wicked in the place of judgment, wickedness where righteousness should be).
  • Micah 3:9-11 (thematic): Denounces leaders and judges who pervert justice, take bribes, and establish evil in places of judgment—echoes the complaint that seats of judgment and righteousness are occupied by wickedness.
  • Isaiah 5:20-23 (thematic): Condemns moral inversion and corrupt officials who pervert justice (calling evil good, condemning the innocent), reflecting the same theme of righteousness displaced by wickedness.
  • Psalm 73:3-12 (thematic): The psalmist observes the prosperity and apparent impunity of the wicked and struggles with injustice—a poetic meditation on the same problem of wickedness prevailing under the sun.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Moreover I saw under the sun that in the place of justice there was wickedness, and in the place of righteousness there was wickedness.
  • Moreover I saw under the heavens the place of judgment—there was wickedness; and in the place of justice, there was wickedness.
17 I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the wicked, for there is a time for every purpose and for every work.

Ecc.3.17 - Details

Translation

I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the wicked, for there is a time for every purpose and for every work.

Original Text

אמרתי אני בלבי את־ הצדיק ואת־ הרשע ישפט האלהים כי־ עת לכל־ חפץ ועל כל־ המעשה שם׃

Morphology

  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • בלבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הצדיק: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואת: CONJ
  • הרשע: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ישפט: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לכל: PREP
  • חפץ: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • כל: DET
  • המעשה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שם: ADV

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:1 (verbal): Uses the same language/theme — 'a time for every purpose' (season for every activity), which frames the declaration about God's judgment in 3:17.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:16 (structural): Immediate literary context: the observation of injustice and perverted judgment under the sun prompts the reflection that God will judge the righteous and the wicked (3:17).
  • Ecclesiastes 12:14 (verbal): Reiterates the doctrine that God will bring every deed into judgment — a later summation of the book's teaching about divine accounting for actions.
  • Psalm 96:13 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD coming to judge the earth with righteousness and faithfulness, paralleling the theme of God's righteous judgment of the world.
  • Romans 2:6-8 (thematic): New Testament parallel: God 'will render to each one according to his deeds,' rewarding the righteous and punishing the wicked — echoes Ecclesiastes' claim about divine judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the wicked, for there is a time for every purpose and for every deed.
  • I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the wicked; for there is a time for every purpose and for every work.
18 I said in my heart concerning the children of mankind: God tests them so that they may see that they themselves are like beasts.

Ecc.3.18 - Details

Translation

I said in my heart concerning the children of mankind: God tests them so that they may see that they themselves are like beasts.

Original Text

אמרתי אני בלבי על־ דברת בני האדם לברם האלהים ולראות שהם־ בהמה המה להם׃

Morphology

  • אמרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • בלבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • על: PREP
  • דברת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לברם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ולראות: CONJ+VERB,qal,inf
  • שהם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
  • בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • המה: PRON,3,m,pl
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:19-21 (verbal): Immediate continuation repeating and developing the same idea: humans and animals share mortality and God’s scrutiny; questions whether the spirit returns to God or if humans differ from beasts.
  • Psalm 49:12-13,20 (thematic): Speaks of mortals in their pride being like beasts that perish; emphasizes human mortality and folly despite earthly status, echoing Qoheleth’s comparison.
  • Genesis 3:19 (thematic): Declares human mortality ('for you are dust'), highlighting the common fate of humans and animals after the Fall—parallel concern with human frailty and end.
  • Psalm 8:5-6 (structural): Presents a contrasting theological perspective: though made 'a little lower than the angels' and given dominion over creatures, humans’ relation to beasts remains a key theme in discussions of human dignity versus animality.
  • Isaiah 40:6-7 (allusion): 'All flesh is grass' motif stressing transience of human life echoes Ecclesiastes’ reflection on mortality that likens humans to animals in their perishable condition.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I said in my heart concerning the estate of human beings, that God might test them and that they might see themselves as beasts.
  • I said in my heart concerning the children of men, that God may test them, to show that they are but beasts.
19 For the fate of humans and the fate of beasts is the same: as one dies so dies the other; they all have one breath, and man has no advantage over the beast. All is vanity.

Ecc.3.19 - Details

Translation

For the fate of humans and the fate of beasts is the same: as one dies so dies the other; they all have one breath, and man has no advantage over the beast. All is vanity.

Original Text

כי מקרה בני־ האדם ומקרה הבהמה ומקרה אחד להם כמות זה כן מות זה ורוח אחד לכל ומותר האדם מן־ הבהמה אין כי הכל הבל׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • מקרה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ומקרה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ומקרה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • כמות: ADV
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • כן: ADV
  • מות: VERB,qal,infabs
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • ורוח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • לכל: PREP
  • ומותר: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מן: PREP
  • הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אין: PART,neg
  • כי: CONJ
  • הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
  • הבל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 49:12 (verbal): Explicitly compares human beings to beasts that perish, stating that man in his honor does not endure—echoes Ecclesiastes’ claim that humans share the same fate as animals.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:20 (structural): Immediate parallel within Qoheleth: reiterates the shared end of humans and animals—'all go to one place' and 'turn to dust' reinforces the same theme of common mortality.
  • Genesis 3:19 (thematic): God’s declaration that humans will 'return to the ground' (you are dust) expresses human mortality and finite life, thematically matching Ecclesiastes’ focus on death as the common lot.
  • Hebrews 9:27 (allusion): New Testament statement that 'it is appointed unto men once to die' echoes the existential certainty of death voiced in Ecclesiastes, affirming death as the common appointment for humans.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For what happens to human beings happens to beasts; as one dies, so dies the other. They all have the same breath, and man has no advantage over the beast; for all is vanity.
  • For the fate of the sons of men and the fate of beasts is the same: as one dies, so dies the other; both have the same breath, and man has no preeminence over the beast; for all is vanity.
20 All go to one place; all were from the dust, and all return to the dust.

Ecc.3.20 - Details

Translation

All go to one place; all were from the dust, and all return to the dust.

Original Text

הכל הולך אל־ מקום אחד הכל היה מן־ העפר והכל שב אל־ העפר׃

Morphology

  • הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
  • הולך: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • הכל: PRON,m,sg,abs
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מן: PREP
  • העפר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • והכל: CONJ+PRON,m,sg,abs
  • שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • העפר: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 3:19 (verbal): Explicitly states humanity’s origin and destiny in dust—'for you are dust, and to dust you shall return'—direct verbal parallel to Ecclesiastes' 'all came from the dust and all return to the dust.'
  • Genesis 2:7 (allusion): Describes God forming Adam from the dust of the ground, providing the Genesis background for Ecclesiastes' claim that 'all were from the dust.'
  • Job 34:15 (verbal): Declares 'All flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again to dust,' closely echoing the motif of universal return to dust found in Eccl. 3:20.
  • Psalm 90:3 (verbal): Speaks of God returning man to dust—'You return man to dust'—reinforcing the theme of human mortality and return to the earth.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (structural): Within the same book, the final verse states 'and the dust returns to the earth as it was,' structurally echoing and developing the theme of dust/origin and return introduced in 3:20.

Alternative generated candidates

  • All go to one place; all came from the dust, and all return to the dust.
  • All go to one place; all came from the dust, and all return to the dust again.
21 Who knows whether the spirit of man goes upward and the spirit of the beast goes downward to the earth?

Ecc.3.21 - Details

Translation

Who knows whether the spirit of man goes upward and the spirit of the beast goes downward to the earth?

Original Text

מי יודע רוח בני האדם העלה היא למעלה ורוח הבהמה הירדת היא למטה לארץ׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יודע: VERB,qal,ptc,ms,sg
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • למעלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ורוח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבהמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הירדת: VERB,qal,part,3,f,sg
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • למטה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Eccl.3.19-20 (structural): Immediate context comparing humans and animals who all return to the same place, which leads directly into the question about the destiny of their spirits.
  • Eccl.12.7 (allusion): Later in the same book the dust returns to the earth and the spirit returns to God—an explicit resolution or corollary to the uncertainty raised in 3:21.
  • Job 34:14-15 (thematic): Affirms that if God were to withdraw spirit/breath all flesh would perish, connecting divine control over spirit with the fate of living creatures.
  • Psalm 104:29-30 (verbal): Speaks of God taking away breath so creatures die and return to dust, and of God sending forth his Spirit to renew life—paralleling the upward/downward movement of spirit.
  • Gen.2:7 (thematic): The creation account where God breathes life into man (breath/spirit) provides the theological background for questions about the origin and destination of human spirit.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who knows whether the spirit of human beings goes upward and the spirit of beasts goes downward to the earth?
  • Who knows the spirit of man, whether it goes upward and the spirit of the beast goes down to the earth?
22 So I saw that there is nothing better than that a person should rejoice in his work, for that is his portion; who can bring him to see what will be after him?

Ecc.3.22 - Details

Translation

So I saw that there is nothing better than that a person should rejoice in his work, for that is his portion; who can bring him to see what will be after him?

Original Text

וראיתי כי אין טוב מאשר ישמח האדם במעשיו כי־ הוא חלקו כי מי יביאנו לראות במה שיהיה אחריו׃

Morphology

  • וראיתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אין: PART,neg
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • מאשר: PREP+REL
  • ישמח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • במעשיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • חלקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יביאנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,sg
  • לראות: VERB,qal,inf
  • במה: PREP+PRON,interr
  • שיהיה: CONJ+VERB,qal,yiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 3:12–13 (verbal): Closely articulates the same verdict: nothing is better than to be glad and do good in one's life and to enjoy the fruit of one’s labor as a gift.
  • Ecclesiastes 2:24–26 (thematic): Affirms enjoyment of one’s work and portion as proper and as a gift from God, linking human labor, enjoyment, and the limits of human control.
  • Ecclesiastes 5:18–20 (thematic): Develops the same teaching that enjoying one’s wealth and the results of one’s toil is right and a divine gift—echoes 'portion' and enjoyment language.
  • Psalm 39:4–7 (thematic): Voices human inability to know the future or one’s end (“make me know my end”), paralleling the question who can show what will come after a person.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So I saw that there is nothing better than that a person should rejoice in his own works, for that is his portion; for who can bring him to see what will be after him?
  • Therefore I perceived that there is nothing better than that a person should rejoice in his own works; for that is his portion. For who will bring him to see what will be after him?

For everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under the heavens.

A time to be born, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted.

A time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to break down, and a time to build up.

A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance.

A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing.

A time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away.

A time to tear, and a time to sew; a time to be silent, and a time to speak.

A time to love, and a time to hate; a time for war, and a time for peace.

What profit has the one who works from his toil?

I have seen the task that God has given the children of man to be occupied with.

He has made everything beautiful in its time; moreover he has put a sense of eternity in their hearts, yet man cannot fathom the work that God has done from beginning to end.

I perceived that there is nothing better for them than to rejoice and to do good in their lives. And also that every person who eats and drinks and sees good in all his labor—this is the gift of God.

I know that whatever God does endures forever; nothing can be added to it, nor taken from it. God has done this so that men should stand in awe before him.

What has been is already; and what will be has already been; and God seeks what has gone by.

Moreover I saw under the sun a place of judgment, and wickedness was there; and in the place of justice, wickedness was there.

I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the wicked, for there is a time for every purpose and for every work.

I said in my heart concerning the children of mankind: God tests them so that they may see that they themselves are like beasts.

For the fate of humans and the fate of beasts is the same: as one dies so dies the other; they all have one breath, and man has no advantage over the beast. All is vanity.

All go to one place; all were from the dust, and all return to the dust.

Who knows whether the spirit of man goes upward and the spirit of the beast goes downward to the earth? So I saw that there is nothing better than that a person should rejoice in his work, for that is his portion; who can bring him to see what will be after him?