A Heavenly Vision and Spiritual Conflict
Daniel 10:1-11:1
Dan.10.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- שלוש: NUM,f,sg,abs
- לכורש: PREP
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- פרס: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגלה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- לדניאל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נקרא: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- בלטשאצר: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ואמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וצבא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ובין: CONJ+PREP
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובינה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- במראה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Dan.8.1 (verbal): Same temporal-marker and framing: “In the third year… a vision appeared to me” (third year, Belshazzar/Belteshazzar) — the book repeatedly opens visions with the same formula.
- Dan.8.15-16 (thematic): Both passages recount Daniel seeing a vision and an attendant heavenly figure appearing to explain its meaning (“I sought the meaning… and behold, there stood before me as the appearance of a man”), linking the experience of revelation and angelic interpretation.
- Dan.9.21 (allusion): Explicit cross-reference to an earlier vision: Daniel states that the angel Gabriel came to him 'whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning,' tying the appearance in Dan.10 to prior visionary encounters and angelic ministrations.
- Dan.7.1 (thematic): Another opening vision formula linked to Belshazzar: 'In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel had a dream and visions,' showing the book’s recurring pattern of dated visions and Daniel’s prophetic revelations.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a revelation was revealed to Daniel, who was called Belteshazzar; the matter was true, and it concerned a great conflict, and he understood the matter and had insight into the vision.
- In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a revelation was given to Daniel, who was called by the name Belteshazzar. The matter was true; great distress came upon him, and he had understanding of the matter and insight in the vision.
Dan.10.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- מתאבל: VERB,hitp,ptc,2,m,sg
- שלשה: NUM,m
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Dan.10.13 (verbal): Directly connected in the same narrative—the angel explains that the prince of Persia resisted him for twenty-one days, explaining why Daniel had been mourning for three weeks.
- Dan.9.3 (thematic): Earlier instance of Daniel turning to God with prayer, fasting, sackcloth and ashes—same pattern of penitential mourning and seeking God's intervention.
- Esther 4:16 (thematic): Esther calls for a three-day fast (night and day) before presenting herself to the king—parallel of a fixed short-term fast in a crisis situation.
- Acts 9:9 (thematic): Saul fasts for three days following his revelatory encounter—another biblical example of a three-day period of abstention accompanying divine revelation or transition.
- Ezra 8:23 (thematic): The community fasts and seeks God's protection and guidance before a risky journey—similar posture of mourning/fasting and pleading for deliverance.
Alternative generated candidates
- In those days I, Daniel, mourned for three weeks.
- In those days I, Daniel, had been mourning for three sevens of days.
Dan.10.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמדות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- אכלתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- ובשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- וסוך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- סכתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- עד: PREP
- מלאת: ADJ,f,pl,abs
- שלשת: NUM,m,pl,abs
- שבעים: NUM,card,m,pl
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Dan.9.3 (structural): Within the same book Daniel again fasts and prays (sackcloth/ashes) seeking revelation—similar motif of humiliation/abstinence preceding divine response.
- Acts 10:30-31 (thematic): Cornelius had been fasting when an angel appeared with a vision—parallels Daniel’s fasting immediately before an angelic visit.
- Acts 9:9 (thematic): Saul (Paul) abstained from food and drink for three days after his revelation on the road to Damascus—parallels the period of abstention tied to a revelatory encounter.
- Exod.34:28 (thematic): Moses fasted forty days and nights on Sinai while receiving the law—an instance of prolonged abstention in the context of receiving divine revelation.
- Matt.4:2 (thematic): Jesus fasted forty days in the wilderness before temptation/ministerial mission—another example of extended fasting associated with spiritual encounter/preparation.
Alternative generated candidates
- I ate no delicacies, no meat or wine came to my mouth, and I did not anoint myself until the full three weeks were completed.
- I ate no choice food, no meat or wine entered my mouth, and I did not anoint myself until the completion of the three sevens of days.
Dan.10.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וביום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- לחדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- על: PREP
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנהר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדול: ADJ,m,sg,def
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- חדקל: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Dan.8.2 (verbal): Opening formula of a Daniel vision locating the prophet by a named watercourse (the Ulai canal); parallels Dan 10.4's motif of being 'by' a particular river at the outset of a vision.
- Ezek.1.1 (structural): Ezekiel's visionary introduction gives a precise date and places him 'by the river Chebar/Canal,' echoing Daniel's combination of calendrical dating and a riverside setting for a revelation.
- Gen.2.14 (verbal): Names Hiddekel (the Tigris) among the primeval rivers; connects Daniel's 'great river... the Tigris' with the older biblical identification of that watercourse.
- Dan.9.21 (thematic): Describes an angelic messenger (Gabriel) coming to Daniel in the context of prayer/vision; thematically parallels the angelic encounter that follows Daniel 10.4's dated, riverside setting.
Alternative generated candidates
- On the twenty-fourth day of the first month I was by the great river—this is the Tigris—
- On the twenty-fourth day of the first month I was standing by the great river—the Tigris—
Dan.10.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
- וארא: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- והנה: ADV
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- לבוש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- בדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ומתניו: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,poss
- חגרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בכתם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אופז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 9:2 (verbal): Ezekiel also sees 'a man clothed in linen' (איש לבוש בדים), a close verbal parallel in vocabulary and heavenly context.
- Revelation 15:6 (verbal): The seven angels are described as 'clothed in pure bright linen, and girded about the chests with golden girdles'—strikingly similar imagery of linen garments and golden girding.
- Revelation 1:13-15 (verbal): The 'one like a son of man' appears clothed in a long robe with a golden sash and feet like burnished bronze, echoing Daniel's garment, golden girdle, and metallic feet imagery.
- Leviticus 16:4 (thematic): The high priest's ritual attire—linen robe and girding with a sash—provides a cultic/priestly background for Daniel's 'man clothed in linen' and his girded appearance.
Alternative generated candidates
- I lifted up my eyes and looked: behold, a man clothed in linen, his waist girded with fine gold from Uphaz.
- and I lifted up my eyes and saw, and behold, a man clothed in linen, with his waist girded in gold of Uphaz.
Dan.10.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וגויתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כתרשיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ופניו: NOUN,pl,abs+3,m,sg
- כמראה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועיניו: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
- כלפידי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וזרעתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ומרגלתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- כעין: PREP
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קלל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וקול: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דבריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3m
- כקול: PREP
- המון: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Ezek. 1:13-14 (verbal): Visionary imagery of living creatures with movements like flashing fire and brightness, eyes like burning coals and a roar like the noise of wings—close verbal and imagistic parallels to ‘eyes like torches,’ bronze-like limbs and the sound associated with the vision.
- Rev. 1:14-15 (verbal): The risen Son of Man is described with ‘eyes like a flame of fire,’ ‘feet like burnished bronze,’ and a voice like the sound of many waters—direct verbal echoes of Daniel’s eye/foot/voice imagery in a New Testament visionary context.
- Dan. 7:9-10 (structural): Another Danielic throne-vision featuring fiery, awe-inspiring divine appearance and the attendant heavenly court whose coming is accompanied by a great sound; shares the same visionary framework and motifs of brightness, fire and the sound of a multitude.
- Exod. 34:29-30 (thematic): Moses’ face becomes radiant after encountering God—a thematically related portrayal of divine glory manifesting in shining countenance, paralleling Daniel’s description of brightness and radiance (e.g., ‘like tarshish’).
Alternative generated candidates
- His body was like beryl, his face like the appearance of lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like polished bronze, and the sound of his words like the sound of a multitude.
- His body was like beryl, his face like the appearance of lightning, his eyes like flaming torches, his arms and legs like the gleam of burnished bronze, and the sound of his words like the noise of a multitude.
Dan.10.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וראיתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבדי: ADV,sg,suff,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המראה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והאנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- לא: PART_NEG
- ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- המראה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אבל: CONJ
- חרדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גדלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- נפלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- ויברחו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- בהחבא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Dan.7:15–16 (thematic): Daniel alone is troubled by visions (’I, Daniel, was grieved in my spirit’), showing the prophet’s solitary, fearful experience of revelation within the same book.
- Dan.8:27 (thematic): Daniel is left overwhelmed and astonished after a vision (‘I, Daniel, was astonished at the vision’), paralleling his lone, distressed response in 10:7.
- Acts 9:7 (thematic): Paul’s companions witness extraordinary phenomena but do not perceive the same revelation (‘they heard the voice, but saw no one’), paralleling others’ inability to see Daniel’s vision even as they are terrified.
- Rev.1:17 (thematic): John falls down as if dead when he sees the glorified Christ (‘I fell at his feet as dead’), echoing the physical fear and collapse associated with divine visions like Daniel’s.
- Isa.6:5 (thematic): Isaiah’s lone, awe-filled reaction to a heavenly vision (‘Woe is me… for I am lost’) parallels Daniel’s solitary experience of overwhelming fear on seeing the vision.
Alternative generated candidates
- I, Daniel, alone saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see the vision, though a great fear fell upon them, and they fled to hide themselves.
- I, Daniel, alone saw the vision; the men who were with me did not see the vision, but a great fear fell upon them and they fled to hide themselves.
Dan.10.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- נשארתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,m,sg
- לבדי: ADV,sg,suff,1,sg
- ואראה: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,com,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המראה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הגדלה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- נשאר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והודי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- נהפך: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- למשחית: VERB,qal,inf
- ולא: CONJ
- עצרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 1:28 (structural): A prophet confronted by a heavenly vision experiences an overwhelming manifestation of divine glory and collapses (Ezekiel falls on his face), paralleling Daniel’s loss of strength at the sight of the vision.
- Revelation 1:17 (verbal): John’s reaction—'I fell at his feet as dead'—echoes Daniel’s bodily collapse and inability to stand in the presence of a glorious vision.
- Isaiah 6:5 (thematic): Isaiah’s lament 'Woe is me... for I am undone' after seeing the Lord parallels Daniel’s sense of helplessness and physical destitution in the face of a holy vision.
- Habakkuk 3:16 (verbal): Habakkuk describes bodily disintegration—'rottenness entereth into my bones'—similar language to Daniel’s 'my vigor was turned to corruption,' both expressing physical collapse at a theophany.
- 1 Kings 19:4,14 (allusion): Elijah’s exhaustion and lament that he alone is left ('I, even I only, am left') resonate with Daniel’s statement 'I remained alone' and his physical weakness after a profound spiritual encounter.
Alternative generated candidates
- So I was left alone and saw this great vision; no strength was left in me, my vigor departed, and I retained no power.
- So I was left alone and saw this great vision; no strength remained in me, and my vigor turned to ruin, and I retained no power.
Dan.10.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואשמע: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דבריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3m
- וכשמעי: VERB,qal,perf,1,-,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דבריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3m
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- הייתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- נרדם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ופני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezek.1:28 (verbal): Ezekiel twice reports falling on his face after seeing a heavenly vision and hearing a voice—language and sequence closely parallel Daniel’s prostrate response to the speaker.
- Isaiah 6:1-5 (thematic): Isaiah’s vision of the LORD leads him to cry out his uncleanliness and fall before God—a similar prophetic reaction of humility and collapse in the presence of the divine.
- Rev.1:17 (thematic): John falls at the feet of the glorified Christ ‘as one dead’ on seeing a heavenly figure—parallels Daniel’s physical collapse on his face before a heavenly messenger.
- Dan.8:27 (verbal): Within Daniel’s own visions he later reports fainting or being sick for days after an apparition—an internal parallel of physical debilitation following prophetic revelation.
- Exod.34:8 (structural): Moses bows his head toward the ground and worships after encountering God on the mountain—similar posture of prostration in response to God’s presence.
Alternative generated candidates
- I heard the sound of his words; and when I heard the sound of his words I fell into a deep sleep with my face to the ground.
- As I heard the sound of his words, I fell into a deep sleep with my face to the ground.
Dan.10.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והנה: ADV
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ותניעני: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,f,sg,OBJ1,sg
- על: PREP
- ברכי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
- וכפות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
Parallels
- Dan.8.18 (verbal): In Daniel's earlier vision an otherworldly figure 'touched' him and made him stand—similar language and the motif of a touch that alters the prophet's physical state and enables reception of revelation.
- Rev.1.17 (structural): John falls prostrate at a glorious figure and is then touched (laid on) by the figure, who speaks comforting/commissioning words—parallels the pattern of a visionary collapse followed by a reassuring, strengthening touch.
- Isa.6.6–7 (thematic): A divine being (seraph) touches Isaiah (with a coal) to purify and prepare him for prophetic service—the touch functions to effect a change in the prophet and enable his mission, echoing Daniel's empowering contact.
- Acts 9.17–18 (thematic): Ananias lays hands on Saul, restoring sight and filling him with the Spirit; like Daniel, a physical touch conveys divine power/strength and marks a turning point in the recipient’s prophetic/missionary role.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then behold, a hand touched me and set me trembling on my hands and knees.
- Then behold, a hand touched me and set me trembling on my hands and knees.
Dan.10.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמדות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- הבן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בדברים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ועמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- עמדך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- עתה: ADV
- שלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ובדברו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- עמדתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- מרעיד: PART,piel,act,ms,sg
Parallels
- Dan.9.23 (verbal): Same angelic language: the messenger says he was sent in answer to Daniel and calls him 'highly esteemed'/'man greatly beloved'—parallel vocabulary and the motif of a divinely sent revealer.
- Dan.8.16 (thematic): Gabriel is commanded to 'make this man understand' (the vision). Both passages portray an angelic figure whose role is to explain visions and instruct Daniel in understanding God's message.
- Dan.10.19 (verbal): Later in the same chapter the angel again addresses Daniel as 'man greatly loved' and moves from Daniel's fear/trembling to comfort and strength—direct repetition and continuation of the same exchange.
- Luke 1.28 (allusion): Gabriel's greeting to Mary as 'highly favoured' (favored/esteemed by God) parallels the motif of an angel addressing a human marked out by divine favor before delivering an important message.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said to me, 'O man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak to you, and stand upon your feet; for to you I have now been sent.' As he spoke this word to me I stood trembling.
- And he said to me, “O man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak to you, and stand upright; for now I have been sent to you.” While he spoke with me I stood trembling.
Dan.10.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- אל: NEG
- תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- דניאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- מן: PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- להבין: PREP+VERB,piel,inf
- ולהתענות: CONJ+PREP+VERB,hitpael,inf
- לפני: PREP
- אלהיך: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf-2ms
- נשמעו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- דבריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- באתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- בדבריך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Dan.9.23 (verbal): Direct echo: angelic messenger links his coming to the timing of Daniel’s prayers—’at the beginning of your supplications/the command went out, and I have come’—paralleling ’from the first day… your words were heard, and I have come.’
- Dan.10.11 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding angelic address continues the same reassurance and explanation of arrival (‘do not fear… I have come because of your words’), forming a tightly connected unit with v.12.
- Dan.10.19 (structural): Continues the same motif of reassurance and strengthening after the angel explains his arrival—both verses portray divine response to Daniel’s distressing visions and prayers (comfort, strength, and revelation).
- Ps.34:4–5 (thematic): Theme of prayer being effective and resulting in deliverance/hearing: ‘I sought the LORD, and he heard me…’ echoes Daniel’s claim that his words were heard and elicited a heavenly response.
- Jer.33:3 (thematic): Promise of God’s responsive revelation to prayer—’Call to me and I will answer you, and show you great and hidden things’—parallels the idea that Daniel’s seeking elicited an answered visitation and revelation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he said to me, 'Do not fear, Daniel; from the first day that you set your heart to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard, and I have come because of your words.
- And he said to me, “Do not be afraid, Daniel, for from the first day that you set your heart to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard, and I have come because of your words.
Dan.10.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ושר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלכות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פרס: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לנגדי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,1,com,sg
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- ואחד: CONJ+NUM,m,sg
- יום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והנה: ADV
- מיכאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הראשנים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לעזרני: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff1cs
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- נותרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- שם: ADV
- אצל: PREP
- מלכי: NOUN,pl,m,cons
- פרס: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Dan.10.20 (structural): Direct continuation in the same vision: names another hostile ‘prince’ (Greece), showing the book’s framework of territorial angelic rulers introduced in 10:13.
- Dan.12.1 (thematic): Michael is described as the great prince who stands up for Daniel’s people in time of distress, echoing the role attributed to Michael in 10:13 as a heavenly defender.
- Jude 1:9 (allusion): Describes Michael disputing with the devil over Moses’ body—another instance of Michael engaged in heavenly contention with an adversary, paralleling the combat imagery in 10:13.
- Rev.12:7-9 (thematic): Michael and his angels wage war against the dragon; thematically echoes Daniel’s motif of angelic conflict and Michael’s role as warrior against hostile spiritual powers.
- Zech.3:1-2 (thematic): Satan stands to accuse and an angel rebukes him before the heavenly court—similar motif of a celestial accuser/opponent and angelic intervention found in Daniel 10:13.
Alternative generated candidates
- But the prince of the kingdom of Persia opposed me twenty-one days; and behold, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, and I remained there with the kings of Persia.
- But the prince of the kingdom of Persia resisted me twenty-one days; then Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, and I remained there with the kings of Persia.
Dan.10.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובאתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- להבינך: VERB,hiphil,infc,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- אשר: PRON,rel
- יקרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לעמך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,2,m,sg
- באחרית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- הימים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- כי: CONJ
- עוד: ADV
- חזון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לימים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Daniel 8:26 (verbal): Uses the same language about the vision extending into many days (Heb. חזון לימים רבים); both verses explain that the prophecy concerns a distant future.
- Daniel 12:4 (structural): Continues Daniel’s eschatological framework—commands sealing/preserving revelation 'until the time of the end,' linking to Daniel 10's focus on what will happen in the latter days.
- Isaiah 2:2 (thematic): Begins with 'in the latter days' (אַחֲרִית הַיָּמִים) and presents future eschatological transformation; shares the same prophetic orientation toward the 'latter days.'
- Joel 2:28 (thematic): Speaks of what will happen 'afterward' and in 'those days'—an Old Testament prophecy framed in the language of future/last days, paralleling Daniel’s concern with end-time events.
- Acts 2:17 (quotation): Peter quotes Joel ('in the last days') to interpret contemporary events as fulfillment of 'latter days' prophecy, demonstrating New Testament application of the same eschatological phrase found in Daniel.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now I have come to make you understand what will befall your people in the latter days, for the vision concerns many days.
- Now I have come to make you understand what shall befall your people in the latter days, for the vision concerns many days yet to come.”
Dan.10.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובדברו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- כדברים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- האלה: DEM,pl
- נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונאלמתי: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,1,?,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 8:18 (verbal): After an angel speaks to Daniel he is overcome, falls on his face and is speechless/without strength — language and physical reaction closely mirror Dan 10:15.
- Daniel 10:8–9 (structural): Immediate context in the same chapter: Daniel describes loss of strength, prostration and being supported by a touch from the messenger, illuminating the physical collapse in v.15.
- Ezekiel 1:28 (thematic): Ezekiel falls on his face in response to a vision of divine glory; similar prophetic response of prostration before a heavenly revelation.
- Revelation 1:17 (thematic): John falls at the risen‑Christ’s feet 'as dead' on seeing a heavenly figure — comparable motif of being overwhelmed and prostrate before a vision.
- Mark 9:6 (thematic): At the Transfiguration the disciples 'fell on their faces' in terror at the divine manifestation — another New Testament instance of physical prostration in response to a heavenly encounter.
Alternative generated candidates
- When he had spoken these words to me I set my face toward the ground and was mute.
- While he was speaking these words to me, I turned my face to the ground and became mute.
Dan.10.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והנה: ADV
- כדמות: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- שפתי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ואפתח: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,sg
- פי: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- ואדברה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ואמרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- אל: NEG
- העמד: VERB,pi'el,ptc,3,m,sg
- לנגדי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUF,1,com,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- במראה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נהפכו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,pl
- צירי: NOUN,m,pl,suff,1,sg
- עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- עצרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Dan.10.10 (verbal): Same chapter: an attendant with human appearance touches Daniel earlier ('there touched me one having the appearance of a man'), linking the tactile contact that precedes speech and revelation.
- Dan.9.21 (thematic): Gabriel touches Daniel 'about the time of the evening oblation' while Daniel is praying—another instance where angelic contact accompanies prophetic revelation and the enabling of speech.
- Isa.6.5-7 (verbal): Isaiah's confession 'Woe is me... for I am a man of unclean lips' and the seraph touching his lips with a live coal to purify them parallels the motif of a touch to the mouth/lips that permits prophetic speech.
- Ps.51.15 (verbal): 'O Lord, open thou my lips' echoes Daniel's language about a touch enabling him to open his mouth and speak—shared imagery of God/agents enabling speech for praise or prophecy.
- Ezek.3.27 (thematic): God promises to 'open thy mouth' so the prophet will speak My words—a parallel theological motif of divine opening/enabling of the mouth for prophetic proclamation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And behold, one in the likeness of a man touched my lips; then I opened my mouth and spoke, saying to him who stood before me, 'O my lord, because of the vision my pains have turned upon me, and I have retained no strength.'
- Then behold, one in the form of a man touched my lips; and I opened my mouth and spoke, saying to the one standing before me, “O my lord, because of the vision my pains have come upon me, and I have retained no strength.
Dan.10.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והיך: CONJ
- יוכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
- עבד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- לדבר: INF,qal
- עם: PREP
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- מעתה: ADV
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעמד: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- נשארה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 8:27 (verbal): Daniel describes being weak and sick after a vision—paralleling the loss of strength and breath in 10:17.
- Revelation 1:17 (verbal): John falls 'at his feet as dead' on seeing a heavenly figure and is reassured—closely parallels the physical collapse and awe in Daniel 10:17.
- Acts 9:4–9 (thematic): Saul is struck down and rendered physically incapable on encountering the risen Lord; similar incapacitation in a divine/angelic encounter.
- Judges 13:22 (structural): Manoah and his wife fall on their faces when the angel of the LORD ascends—an analogous bodily collapse in response to an angelic manifestation.
- Isaiah 6:5 (thematic): Isaiah's startled, self-deprecating reaction ('Woe is me…') to a vision of the LORD echoes Daniel's overwhelmed, incapacitated response.
Alternative generated candidates
- How then can my lord's servant talk with my lord? For now no strength remains in me, and no breath is left in me.
- How then can my lord’s servant talk with my lord? For since these things have come upon me, no strength remains in me, and no breath is left in me.”
Dan.10.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ויגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- כמראה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויחזקני: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg,acc:1,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 8:18 (verbal): Same verbal motif—an appearance speaks to Daniel and he is ‘strengthened’ (Hebrew חָזַק), echoing the language and effect of the touch in 10:18.
- Daniel 10:16 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the chapter: a being in human form touches Daniel (on the lips) producing a response—same contact motif and immediate physiological/spiritual effect.
- 1 Kings 19:5-7 (thematic): An angel touches/elicits action and strengthens the prophet (Elijah) with food and encouragement—parallel theme of a heavenly being touching and restoring a weakened prophet.
- Ezekiel 2:1-2 (thematic): God’s messenger places a hand on the prophet and sets him on his feet—similar prophetic trope of a divine touch that steadies or strengthens the recipient for ministry.
Alternative generated candidates
- Again the one who looked like a man touched me and strengthened me.
- Again the one who looked like a man touched me and strengthened me.
Dan.10.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- תירא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חמדות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- חזק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- וחזק: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ובדברו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- התחזקתי: VERB,hitp,perf,1,_,sg
- ואמרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- ידבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- כי: CONJ
- חזקתני: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 41:10 (verbal): Same consolatory formula: 'Fear not... I will strengthen you / help you,' echoing the angel's words of reassurance and promise of strength.
- Joshua 1:9 (verbal): Direct repetition of the exhortation 'Be strong' (and courageous); both passages pair divine/angelic commission with a call to strength and courage.
- Deuteronomy 31:6 (thematic): The OT motif of divine accompaniment—'Be strong and of good courage... He will not leave you'—parallels the angelic reassurance and resulting strengthening of Daniel.
- Judges 6:23-24 (verbal): The angel's greeting 'Peace be to thee; fear not' to Gideon closely parallels the angelic salutation in Daniel and the naming of the place/altar as 'Jehovah-shalom' (the LORD is Peace).
- Luke 1:30 (thematic): An angelic address that begins with 'Fear not' (to Mary) reflects the common gospel/prophetic pattern of angelic reassurance that appears in Daniel 10:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- And he said, 'O man greatly beloved, be strong; yes, be strong.' When he had spoken to me I was strengthened, and I said, 'Let my lord speak, for you have strengthened me.'
- And he said, “Do not be afraid, man greatly beloved; peace be with you; be strong, yes, be strong.” When he spoke to me I was strengthened, and I said, “Let my lord speak, for you have strengthened me.”
Dan.10.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הידעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- למה: ADV
- באתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ועתה: CONJ
- אשוב: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
- להלחם: VERB,hitp,inf
- עם: PREP
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- פרס: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- יוצא: VERB,qal,part,ms,sg
- והנה: ADV
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 10:13 (verbal): Same narrative of angelic conflict — the angel says the 'prince of the kingdom of Persia' resisted him and Michael came to help, directly connected to the 'prince of Persia' mentioned in 10:20.
- Daniel 12:1 (thematic): Michael is described as the 'great prince' who stands for Israel and protects God's people, echoing the role of heavenly princes and their interventions against hostile powers.
- Daniel 8:21 (verbal): Identifies the 'male goat' as the king of Greece, linking the historical/eschatological figure of the 'prince of Greece' referenced in 10:20.
- Revelation 12:7-9 (thematic): Depicts a celestial battle in which Michael and his angels fight the dragon — a New Testament parallel to angelic warfare against cosmic adversaries.
- Ephesians 6:12 (thematic): Paul’s language of struggle against 'rulers, authorities, and cosmic powers of this darkness' parallels the idea of spiritual princes and heavenly conflicts behind earthly events.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then he said, 'Do you know why I have come to you? And now I will return to fight against the prince of Persia; and when I go out, behold, the prince of Greece will come.'
- Then he said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I must return to fight against the prince of Persia; and when I go forth, behold, the prince of Greece will come.
Dan.10.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אבל: CONJ
- אגיד: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הרשום: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בכתב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
- מתחזק: VERB,hitpael,ptcp,3,m,sg
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- על: PREP
- אלה: DEM,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- אם: CONJ
- מיכאל: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שרכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,mp
Parallels
- Dan.10.13 (verbal): Directly linked account in the same chapter: Michael is named as one of the chief princes who came to help the angel against the prince of Persia, explaining the helper role mentioned in v.21.
- Dan.12.1 (thematic): Later Daniel passage that portrays Michael standing up for Israel at the end time—develops the same theme of Michael as protector and 'prince' of the people.
- Jude 1:9 (allusion): Refers to Michael the archangel disputing with the devil over Moses' body; demonstrates early Jewish–Christian tradition of Michael's judicial and militant role matching Daniel's depiction.
- Rev.12:7 (structural): Describes Michael and his angels fighting the dragon in heaven—echoes the martial, leadership function of Michael as heavenly prince.
- 1 Thess.4:16 (verbal): Speaks of 'the voice of the archangel' at Christ's return; connects the title/office of an archangel to Michael, who functions as chief prince in Daniel.
Alternative generated candidates
- But I will show you what is written in the book of truth. And there is no one who stands firmly with me against these except Michael your prince.
- But I will tell you what is inscribed in the book of truth: none stands with me against these except Michael, your prince.”
Dan.11.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- בשנת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אחת: NUM,f,sg
- לדריוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המדי: PN,m,sg,def
- עמדי: PREP+1cs
- למחזיק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולמעוז: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Daniel 5:31 (verbal): Same individual, 'Darius the Mede,' is named as receiving the kingdom after Belshazzar; provides immediate historical context for Daniel 11:1's opening dating formula.
- Daniel 9:1 (structural): Uses a similar dating formula ('in the first year of Darius') to locate a revelation historically; links the book's chronological markers and prophetic visions.
- Daniel 10:1 (structural): Another prophetic vision in Daniel introduced by a regnal-year formula ('in the third year of Cyrus king of Persia'), showing the book's recurring practice of dating revelations to Persian/Mede reigns.
- Ezra 6:14–15 (thematic): Records royal involvement of a Darius in the restoration of the Jerusalem temple ( Persian-period Darius), thematically paralleling Daniel's placement of events/visions in the era of Medo-Persian rule.
Alternative generated candidates
- And in the first year of Darius the Mede I stood up to confirm and strengthen him.
- As for me, in the first year of Darius the Mede I stood up to confirm and strengthen him.
In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a word was revealed to Daniel—he whose name was called Belteshazzar. The matter was true; there was great distress, and he understood the matter and had insight in the vision.
In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three weeks.
I ate no delicacies; no meat or wine came to my mouth, and I did not anoint myself until the end of the three weeks.
On the twenty‑fourth day of the first month I was standing by the great river—the Tigris.
I lifted up my eyes and looked, and behold, a man clothed in linen, with his waist girded with a belt of fine gold from Uphaz.
The appearance of his body was like beryl; his face had the appearance of lightning, his eyes were like flaming torches, his arms and legs gleamed like burnished bronze, and the sound of his words was like the sound of a multitude.
I, Daniel, alone saw the vision. The men who were with me did not see the vision, but a great trembling fell upon them, and they fled to hide themselves. So I was left alone and saw this great vision; no strength remained in me, and my vigor left me and I retained no strength.
As I heard the sound of his words, I fell into a deep sleep with my face to the ground.
Behold, a hand touched me and set me trembling on my knees and on the palms of my hands. And he said to me, “Daniel, man greatly beloved, understand the words that I speak to you, and stand upon your feet; for now I have been sent to you.” As he said this to me I stood trembling. And he said to me, “Do not fear, Daniel; from the first day that you set your heart to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard; and I have come because of your words. But the prince of the kingdom of Persia opposed me for twenty‑one days. Then Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, and I remained there with the kings of Persia.
I have come to make you understand what shall befall your people in the latter days; for the vision pertains to those days.
When he had spoken these words to me, I turned my face toward the ground and became speechless.
Behold, the appearance of a human touched my lips; I opened my mouth and spoke, saying to him who stood before me, “O my lord, by reason of the vision my pains have come upon me, and I have no strength.
How can my lord’s servant talk with my lord? For now no strength remains in me, and there is no breath left in me.”
Again one like the appearance of a man touched me and strengthened me. And he said, “Do not fear, man greatly beloved; peace be to you—be strong, yes, be strong.” When he spoke to me I was strengthened, and I said, “Let my lord speak, for you have strengthened me.”
He said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I will return to fight against the prince of Persia, and when I go forth, behold, the prince of Greece shall come. But I will tell you what is written in the book of truth: no one stands with me against these except Michael, your prince.” And in the first year of Darius the Mede I stood to confirm and to strengthen him.