Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication

Ezekiel 16:1-63

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:

Eze.16.1 - Details

Translation

And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:

Original Text

ויהי דבר־ יהוה אלי לאמר׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 1:4 (verbal): Uses the same prophetic formula, 'the word of the LORD came to me, saying,' introducing a direct divine address to the prophet.
  • Jeremiah 2:1 (verbal): Nearly identical opening phrase ('Moreover the word of the LORD came to me, saying'), another instance of God initiating an oracle to be delivered about Israel.
  • 1 Kings 17:2 (verbal): A narrative prophetic formula ('And the word of the LORD came unto Elijah') showing the common biblical motif of God communicating instructions or revelation to a prophet.
  • Amos 3:7 (thematic): Expresses the principle that God reveals his purposes to his prophets, thematically underpinning verses that begin with 'the word of the LORD came to me.'
  • Isaiah 1:10 (thematic): Another prophetic opening addressed to the leaders/people of Jerusalem (Sodom/Gomorrah imagery) — thematically parallel as an oracle of divine condemnation concerning the city.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
  • And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:
2 Son of man, declare to Jerusalem her abominations,

Eze.16.2 - Details

Translation

Son of man, declare to Jerusalem her abominations,

Original Text

בן־ אדם הודע את־ ירושלם את־ תועבתיה׃

Morphology

  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הודע: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • תועבתיה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:3 (structural): Direct continuation of the command in 16:2—God instructs the prophet to pronounce Jerusalem's origin, sins, and abominations; closely tied in wording and flow.
  • Ezekiel 8:6 (thematic): Another scene where God tells 'son of man' to inspect and witness the people's abominations in Jerusalem (temple idolatry); similar role for the prophet exposing sin.
  • Isaiah 1:21 (thematic): Isaiah denounces Jerusalem as a fallen, unfaithful city ('faithful city' become a harlot), using imagery and moral indictment parallel to Ezekiel's charge about Jerusalem's abominations.
  • Jeremiah 2:2 (verbal): Jeremiah is commanded to 'go and cry in the ears of Jerusalem' about Israel's unfaithfulness—a parallel prophetic summons to confront Jerusalem with its sins.
  • Hosea 2:2 (thematic): Hosea accuses Israel of marital unfaithfulness and calls for judgment; uses prostitution/abandonment imagery akin to Ezekiel's portrayal of Jerusalem's abominations.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Son of man, make known to Jerusalem her abominations.
  • Son of man, make known to Jerusalem her abominations,
3 and say, Thus says the Lord GOD to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth— I made you; of the land of the Canaanite I bore you; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

Eze.16.3 - Details

Translation

and say, Thus says the Lord GOD to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth— I made you; of the land of the Canaanite I bore you; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

Original Text

ואמרת כה־ אמר אדני יהוה לירושלם מכרתיך ומלדתיך מארץ הכנעני אביך האמרי ואמך חתית׃

Morphology

  • ואמרת: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • כה: ADV
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מכרתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • ומלדתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הכנעני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • אביך: NOUN,m,sg,suff+2ms
  • האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואמך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,ms
  • חתית: ADJ,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:1-6 (structural): Immediate context of the same pericope: God commands Ezekiel to address Jerusalem and recounts her origin, abandonment, and being found—developing the birthing/parentage imagery begun in v.3.
  • Ezekiel 16:45 (verbal): A later verse in the chapter that repeats the same claim about Jerusalem's birth in the land of Canaan and naming her father the Amorite and mother the Hittite — a direct verbal echo within the satire.
  • Deuteronomy 7:1 (thematic): Lists the Hittites, Amorites and other Canaanite peoples as inhabitants of the land Israel is to dispossess; provides the same catalogue of Canaanite nations invoked in Ezek. 16:3.
  • Joshua 24:2 (allusion): Joshua recounts the people's origins beyond the River and their service of foreign gods; parallels Ezekiel's appeal to origins/background to expose Israel/Jerusalem's foreign-rooted identity and culpability.
  • Jeremiah 2:2-3 (thematic): Uses early life/youth and initial devotion imagery to contrast Israel's former state with later unfaithfulness—parallels Ezekiel's use of birth and origin to frame Jerusalem's subsequent moral failure.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Say: Thus says the Lord GOD to Jerusalem: Your origin and birth and mother and father—
  • and say, Thus says the Lord GOD to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth were of the land of the Canaanite; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.
4 When you were born your umbilical cord was not cut, you were not washed with water to cleanse you, you were not salted with salt, and you were not swaddled with cloths.

Eze.16.4 - Details

Translation

When you were born your umbilical cord was not cut, you were not washed with water to cleanse you, you were not salted with salt, and you were not swaddled with cloths.

Original Text

ומולדותיך ביום הולדת אתך לא־ כרת שרך ובמים לא־ רחצת למשעי והמלח לא המלחת והחתל לא חתלת׃

Morphology

  • ומולדותיך: NOUN,2f,f,pl,suff
  • ביום: PREP
  • הולדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • כרת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שרך: NOUN,2f,m,sg,suff
  • ובמים: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • רחצת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • למשעי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • והמלח: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • המלחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • והחתל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • חתלת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:5-6 (structural): Immediate context: verse 4 describes Jerusalem’s neglected birth; verses 5–6 continue the birthing imagery showing God’s rescue—washing, anointing, and fostering—so the pair form a single structural unit of abandonment followed by divine intervention.
  • Deuteronomy 32:18 (thematic): Uses birth/parental imagery ('the Rock that bore you') to speak of Israel’s origins and relationship with God; thematically parallels Ezekiel’s motif of birth to indict Israel’s failure to honor the one who gave them life.
  • Jeremiah 1:5 (thematic): God’s knowledge/forming of the prophet in the womb contrasts with Ezekiel’s picture of an exposed, uncared‑for infant—underscoring divine involvement in origins versus human abandonment.
  • Psalm 22:9–10 (thematic): The psalmist’s language of being taken from the womb and nursed highlights birth and early care imagery similar to Ezekiel’s focus on birth rites (or their absence) to portray dependence on God.
  • Exodus 2:2–3 (thematic): The motif of a newborn exposed/abandoned (Moses set on the Nile) parallels Ezekiel’s image of an uncared‑for infant; both use infant exposure to illustrate vulnerability and eventual deliverance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • when you were born your cord was not cut, nor were you washed with water to cleanse you; you were not salted with salt, nor swaddled at all.
  • When you were born your navel was not cut, you were not washed with water to cleanse you; you were not rubbed with salt, nor swaddled at all.
5 No eye had pity on you to do any of these things for you out of compassion; you were cast out into the open field because of the abhorrence of your person on the day you were born.

Eze.16.5 - Details

Translation

No eye had pity on you to do any of these things for you out of compassion; you were cast out into the open field because of the abhorrence of your person on the day you were born.

Original Text

לא־ חסה עליך עין לעשות לך אחת מאלה לחמלה עליך ותשלכי אל־ פני השדה בגעל נפשך ביום הלדת אתך׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • חסה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • עין: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • אחת: NUM,f,sg
  • מאלה: PREP+DEM
  • לחמלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • ותשלכי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בגעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נפשך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m
  • ביום: PREP
  • הלדת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
  • אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exod.2:3-7 (thematic): Newborn exposed/abandoned and left where others might not pity it; later discovered and preserved—parallels Ezekiel’s image of an infant cast out into the field and rescued.
  • Gen.21:14-16 (thematic): Hagar and Ishmael driven into the wilderness and seemingly abandoned to die—echoes the motif of mother and child cast out with none to pity them.
  • Ps.27:10 (thematic): ‘When my father and mother forsake me, the LORD will take me up’—a thematic contrast: human abandonment in Ezekiel 16:5 set against the promise of divine care for the forsaken.
  • Deut.10:18 (thematic): God ‘executes justice for the fatherless and the widow’—provides theological background for God’s later intervention on behalf of the abandoned infant in Ezekiel’s narrative.
  • Ezek.16:4-6 (structural): Immediate context: verses 4–6 narrate the discovery and rescue of the exposed infant; verse 5’s report of no one pitying her is directly developed and overturned by God’s merciful action in the following verses.

Alternative generated candidates

  • No eye pitied you so as to do any of these for you to have compassion on you; but you were thrown out into the open field, for you became abhorrent on the day you were born.
  • No eye pitied you to do any of these things for you—to have compassion on you—but you were cast out on the open field; for you became loathsome in your blood on the day you were born.
6 Then I passed by and saw you wallowing in your blood, and I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’ I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’

Eze.16.6 - Details

Translation

Then I passed by and saw you wallowing in your blood, and I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’ I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’

Original Text

ואעבר עליך ואראך מתבוססת בדמיך ואמר לך בדמיך חיי ואמר לך בדמיך חיי׃

Morphology

  • ואעבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • ואראך: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg+PRON,2,f,sg
  • מתבוססת: VERB,hitpael,ptc,prs,3,f,sg
  • בדמיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
  • ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • בדמיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
  • חיי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • בדמיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
  • חיי: NOUN,m,pl,cons

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:5-6 (structural): Both scenes depict an exposed/abandoned infant discovered and rescued (the baby found in the water and brought back to life/protection) — a close structural parallel to Ezekiel’s foundling imagery.
  • Ezekiel 37:5 (verbal): Same life-giving formula: God’s command results in life. Ezekiel 37’s ‘I will cause breath to enter you, and you shall live’ echoes the terse proclamation in 16:6, ‘I said to you, Live.’
  • Jeremiah 1:5 (allusion): Both verses emphasize God’s intimate, pre‑natal knowledge and care for a person/people and God’s sovereign role in bringing them into life and mission — God’s initiative in human life.
  • Isaiah 49:15-16 (thematic): Shares the theme of God’s tender rescue and preserving love (motherly care and divine remembrance) that sustains and restores Israel — complementary to the compassionate deliverance in 16:6.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I passed by you and saw you wallowing in your blood, and I said to you in your blood, Live; yes, I said to you in your blood, Live.
  • And I passed by you and saw you struggling in your blood; and I said to you in your blood, Live; yes, I said to you in your blood, Live.
7 I made you grow like a plant of the field; you grew and came to full maturity and arrived at the time for love. Your breasts were formed and your hair had grown, yet you were naked and bare.

Eze.16.7 - Details

Translation

I made you grow like a plant of the field; you grew and came to full maturity and arrived at the time for love. Your breasts were formed and your hair had grown, yet you were naked and bare.

Original Text

רבבה כצמח השדה נתתיך ותרבי ותגדלי ותבאי בעדי עדיים שדים נכנו ושערך צמח ואת ערם ועריה׃

Morphology

  • רבבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כצמח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • נתתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ותרבי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • ותגדלי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • ותבאי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • בעדי: PREP+1,sg
  • עדיים: NOUN,f,du,abs
  • שדים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • נכנו: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,c,pl
  • ושערך: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
  • צמח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • ערם: ADJ,m,sg
  • ועריה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Hosea 11:1-4 (thematic): God’s care for Israel from infancy to maturity — carried, taught, fed — parallels Ezekiel’s image of God causing the girl to grow like a plant.
  • Hosea 14:6-7 (thematic): Uses floral/vegetative imagery of Israel’s budding and blossoming under God’s care, echoing ‘like a plant of the field’ and growth language.
  • Psalm 80:8-11 (thematic): The vine/plant metaphor for Israel brought out of Egypt, planted and flourishing in the land parallels the image of being set like a field-plant and growing.
  • Jeremiah 2:2 (allusion): Recalls the devotion and youthful love of Israel (‘the devotion of your youth’/bride imagery), resonating with Ezekiel’s account of the girl’s growth into womanhood.
  • Isaiah 62:4-5 (thematic): Zion’s restoration described with nuptial and youthful imagery (‘as a young man marries a virgin’), paralleling Ezekiel’s maturation and bride-like language.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I made you flourish like the plant of the field; you grew and became tall and arrived at full stature, and your breasts were formed, and your hair had grown—and yet you were naked and bare.
  • I made you flourish like a plant of the field. You grew and became tall and arrived at full stature, and your breasts were formed, and your hair had grown; yet you were naked and bare.
8 Then I passed by and saw you—and behold, the time of love had come—I spread my skirt over you and covered your nakedness; I made a covenant with you and you became mine, declares the Lord GOD.

Eze.16.8 - Details

Translation

Then I passed by and saw you—and behold, the time of love had come—I spread my skirt over you and covered your nakedness; I made a covenant with you and you became mine, declares the Lord GOD.

Original Text

ואעבר עליך ואראך והנה עתך עת דדים ואפרש כנפי עליך ואכסה ערותך ואשבע לך ואבוא בברית אתך נאם אדני יהוה ותהיי לי׃

Morphology

  • ואעבר: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • ואראך: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • והנה: ADV
  • עתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,f,sg
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • דדים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ואפרש: VERB,qal,imprf,1,m,sg
  • כנפי: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • ואכסה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,m,sg
  • ערותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,f,sg
  • ואשבע: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ואבוא: VERB,qal,imperf,1,sg
  • בברית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ותהיי: VERB,qal,imprf,2,f,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg

Parallels

  • Hosea 2:19-20 (thematic): God’s language of betrothal/espousal — ‘I will betroth you to me…’ — parallels Ezekiel’s image of God covering nakedness, entering a covenant, and claiming Israel as his wife.
  • Isaiah 54:5 (thematic): Uses marriage/creator-husband imagery (‘For your Maker is your husband’) to describe the covenant relationship between God and Israel, echoing Ezekiel’s espousal motif.
  • Jeremiah 3:14 (thematic): God summons Israel back as a wayward spouse (‘I am your husband’ / ‘return, O faithless children’) — similar covenantal/nuptial language and the idea of God taking Israel as his.
  • Ezekiel 16:60-62 (verbal): Within the same chapter God explicitly promises to remember and establish his covenant and restore Israel (‘I will establish my covenant with you… you shall know that I am the LORD’), directly echoing the covenantal claim of v.8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then I passed by you and looked upon you, and behold, the time of love; so I spread my cloak over you and covered your nakedness. I swore to you and entered into a covenant with you, declares the Lord GOD, and you became mine.
  • Then I passed by you and saw you, and behold, the time of love had come. I spread my cloak over you and covered your nakedness; I swore to you and entered into a covenant with you, declares the Lord GOD, and you became mine.
9 I bathed you with water, washed away your blood from you, and anointed you with oil.

Eze.16.9 - Details

Translation

I bathed you with water, washed away your blood from you, and anointed you with oil.

Original Text

וארחצך במים ואשטף דמיך מעליך ואסכך בשמן׃

Morphology

  • וארחצך: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • במים: PREP
  • ואשטף: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • דמיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מעליך: PREP,2,m
  • ואסכך: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • בשמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Leviticus 8:6 (verbal): Moses washed Aaron with water as part of his consecration—language and ritual action (washing) closely parallel Ezekiel’s image of God washing and preparing the bride/Israel.
  • Leviticus 8:12 (verbal): The anointing of Aaron with holy oil echoes Ezekiel’s phrase “I anointed you with oil,” tying Ezekiel’s metaphor to priestly consecration and sanctification.
  • Ezekiel 36:25 (thematic): God promises to sprinkle clean water and cleanse the nation—a later Ezekiel passage that develops the same theme of divine washing and renewal.
  • Psalm 51:2 (thematic): “Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity” uses wash/cleanse language in a penitential context, thematically paralleling divine cleansing imagery.
  • Titus 3:5 (thematic): New Testament description of salvation as a ‘washing of regeneration’ echoes the motif of divine washing and renewal found in Ezekiel’s language.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I bathed you with water; I washed off your blood from you, and I anointed you with oil.
  • I bathed you with water and washed the blood from you, and anointed you with oil.
10 I clothed you with embroidery, shod you with fine leather, and bound you with fine linen and silk.

Eze.16.10 - Details

Translation

I clothed you with embroidery, shod you with fine leather, and bound you with fine linen and silk.

Original Text

ואלבישך רקמה ואנעלך תחש ואחבשך בשש ואכסך משי׃

Morphology

  • ואלבישך: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
  • רקמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואנעלך: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
  • תחש: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ואחבשך: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
  • בשש: PREP+NUM,card,sg
  • ואכסך: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
  • משי: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:11 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel within Ezekiel: the same vocabulary of clothing (embroidered work, badger-skin, fine linen/silk) used to describe how God adorned the city/wives.
  • Isaiah 61:10 (thematic): Uses the motif of God clothing/rejoicing over his people—'clothed with garments of salvation'/'robe of righteousness'—echoing divine bestowal of fine garments.
  • Psalm 45:13-14 (thematic): Royal-bride imagery of lavish dress and ornamentation ('the king's daughter... her clothing is of gold') parallels Ezekiel's depiction of Jerusalem as an adorned bride.
  • Revelation 19:8 (allusion): Bride imagery and fine linen ('the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints') resonates with Ezekiel's image of dressing the city in fine garments and silk.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I clothed you with embroidered cloth, and I shod you with fine leather, and I bound you with fine linen and covered you with silk.
  • I clothed you with embroidered cloth and shod you with fine leather; I bound you with fine linen and covered you with silk.
11 I adorned you with ornaments; I put bracelets on your hands and a necklace around your neck.

Eze.16.11 - Details

Translation

I adorned you with ornaments; I put bracelets on your hands and a necklace around your neck.

Original Text

ואעדך עדי ואתנה צמידים על־ ידיך ורביד על־ גרונך׃

Morphology

  • ואעדך: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • עדי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ואתנה: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • צמידים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • ידיך: NOUN,f,pl,cs,2ms
  • ורביד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • גרונך: NOUN,m,sg,poss2ms

Parallels

  • Genesis 24:22 (verbal): Abraham's servant places a ring and bracelets on Rebekah—same bridal/adornment ritual language (ring/bracelets) as God adorning Jerusalem.
  • Song of Solomon 4:9 (thematic): Uses jewelry/neck-chain imagery in a lover-bride relationship; parallels the intimate, beautifying language applied to the beloved city.
  • Isaiah 3:18-23 (thematic): Lists the women's ornaments (necklaces, bracelets, etc.) but frames them in a context of judgment—contrasts earlier adornment with their removal, echoing Ezekiel's later reversal.
  • Ezekiel 16:13 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter where God describes additional garments and jewelry given to the city—part of the sustained metaphor of divine adornment before the account of unfaithfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I adorned you with ornaments; I put bracelets on your hands and a chain about your neck.
  • I adorned you with ornaments, put bracelets on your hands and a chain around your neck.
12 I put a ring on your nose, earrings on your ears, and a glorious crown on your head.

Eze.16.12 - Details

Translation

I put a ring on your nose, earrings on your ears, and a glorious crown on your head.

Original Text

ואתן נזם על־ אפך ועגילים על־ אזניך ועטרת תפארת בראשך׃

Morphology

  • ואתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • נזם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • אפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ועגילים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • אזניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2fs
  • ועטרת: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • תפארת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בראשך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m

Parallels

  • Ezek.16:11-14 (verbal): Immediate context: God clothes and adorns Jerusalem—garments, a nose ring, earrings and a crown—so v.12 is part of this sequence of divine adornment.
  • Gen.24:22 (verbal): Abraham’s servant places a golden nose ring and bracelets on Rebekah, a parallel act of giving a nose-ring and arm ornaments to a bride.
  • Isa.3:18-23 (thematic): A catalogue of female jewelry (nose-rings, bracelets, head ornaments, chains) echoes the imagery of adornment found in Ezek.16:12.
  • Jer.2:32 (thematic): Rhetorical question about a maid forgetting her ornaments/bride her attire—uses bridal/ornamental imagery to speak of Israel’s relationship with God, paralleling Ezekiel’s bride motif.
  • Ezek.23:40 (structural): Parallel Ezekiel portrayal of Samaria/Judah as women adorned with bracelets, chains and other jewelry before their sexual unfaithfulness—similar language and function of adornment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I put a ring in your nose and earrings in your ears and a beautiful crown upon your head.
  • And I put a ring on your nose, earrings on your ears, and a splendid crown on your head.
13 Thus you were adorned with gold and silver; your clothing was fine linen, silk, and broidered cloth; you ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You became very beautiful and exceeded in splendor because of my glory which I had bestowed upon you, declares the Lord GOD.

Eze.16.13 - Details

Translation

Thus you were adorned with gold and silver; your clothing was fine linen, silk, and broidered cloth; you ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You became very beautiful and exceeded in splendor because of my glory which I had bestowed upon you, declares the Lord GOD.

Original Text

ותעדי זהב וכסף ומלבושך שש ומשי ורקמה סלת ודבש ושמן אכלת ותיפי במאד מאד ותצלחי למלוכה׃

Morphology

  • ותעדי: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • זהב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכסף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומלבושך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ורקמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ודבש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושמן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אכלת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • ותיפי: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • במאד: PREP+ADV
  • מאד: ADV
  • ותצלחי: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • למלוכה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 45:13-15 (thematic): Royal bridal imagery — the bride is clothed with gold and led to the king, echoing Ezekiel’s picture of Jerusalem beautified and exalted to royalty.
  • Hosea 2:8 (verbal): God’s giving of silver, gold, grain, wine and oil to Israel parallels Ezekiel’s list of precious metals and provisions (gold, silver, fine flour, honey, oil) that adorn and sustain the city.
  • Isaiah 3:16-24 (thematic): Catalogue of women’s finery and ornaments (necklaces, rings, fine clothes) used by the prophet to critique pride and prophesy judgment — thematically close to Ezekiel’s adornment language that precedes condemnation.
  • Ezekiel 23:40-41 (structural): Within Ezekiel’s own corpus a near-parallel formula: daughters adorned with jewelry and feasting, tying together motifs of adornment, food/pleasure, and sexual/provocative imagery used to depict Israel’s unfaithfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Thus you were adorned with gold and silver, and your garments were fine linen, silk, and embroidered cloth. You ate fine flour and honey and oil; you became exceedingly beautiful, and you attained to royal dignity.
  • Thus you were adorned with gold and silver; your clothing was fine linen, silk, and embroidered cloth. You ate fine flour and honey and oil; and you became exceedingly beautiful and excelled to royalty.
14 So you became famous among the nations for your beauty, for the splendor that I had given you made your beauty perfect, declares the Lord GOD.

Eze.16.14 - Details

Translation

So you became famous among the nations for your beauty, for the splendor that I had given you made your beauty perfect, declares the Lord GOD.

Original Text

ויצא לך שם בגוים ביפיך כי ׀ כליל הוא בהדרי אשר־ שמתי עליך נאם אדני יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • שם: ADV
  • בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ביפיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,pr,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • כליל: ADV
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • בהדרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,pr,1,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שמתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:13 (structural): Immediate context: lists the garments, jewelry and splendor God gave Jerusalem—prepares the statement in v.14 that her renown spread among the nations because of this beauty.
  • Ezekiel 16:15 (thematic): Direct thematic contrast: after noting the beauty and renown given by God, v.15 accuses Jerusalem of trusting that beauty and prostituting herself—continuation of the same oracle.
  • Psalm 45:13-14 (thematic): Royal bridal imagery: the king’s daughter is gloriously adorned with gold and fine garments—parallels Ezekiel’s image of a city exalted and beautified like a bride, causing renown.
  • Isaiah 3:18-24 (thematic): Catalogue of ornaments given to and then removed from Jerusalem’s women—relates to the motif of divine bestowal of beauty and subsequent judgment that underlies Ezek.16:14–15.
  • Isaiah 61:10 (thematic): Speaks of being clothed and adorned by God (garments of salvation, arrays) — similar theological motif of God dressing and beautifying his people, producing a rejoicing/renown.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Your fame went out among the nations because of your beauty, for it was perfect through the splendor which I had bestowed on you, declares the Lord GOD.
  • Your fame went out among the nations because of your beauty; for it was perfect through my splendor which I had bestowed on you, declares the Lord GOD.
15 But you trusted in your beauty and played the harlot because of your fame; you poured out your harlotries on every passerby who would have them.

Eze.16.15 - Details

Translation

But you trusted in your beauty and played the harlot because of your fame; you poured out your harlotries on every passerby who would have them.

Original Text

ותבטחי ביפיך ותזני על־ שמך ותשפכי את־ תזנותיך על־ כל־ עובר לו־ יהי׃

Morphology

  • ותבטחי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • ביפיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
  • ותזני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
  • ותשפכי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • תזנותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • עובר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהי: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Hosea 2:5-7 (thematic): Uses the marriage/infidelity metaphor for Israel's pursuit of other 'lovers' and the shame that follows — parallels Ezekiel's charge that Jerusalem trusted in her beauty and prostituted herself to every passerby.
  • Hosea 4:11-12 (verbal): Condemns 'whoredom' and spiritual prostitution as causes of moral wandering; shares the language of harlotry and the idea that sexual infidelity symbolizes covenant unfaithfulness.
  • Jeremiah 3:8 (thematic): Describes Yahweh's judgment on Israel for playing the harlot and being given a 'certificate of divorce' — similar prophetic motif of marital unfaithfulness to depict national apostasy.
  • Ezekiel 16:30 (verbal): A sibling verse in the same chapter that directly reiterates Israel's profuse harlotry and moral corruption, echoing the charge that she multiplied her prostitution because of her fame and beauty.
  • Revelation 17:1-5 (allusion): Portrays Babylon/the great city as a great harlot who seduces nations — a later apocalyptic development of the prophetic harlot-woman motif used earlier for Jerusalem and Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But you trusted in your beauty and played the harlot because of your renown, and you poured out your fornications on every passerby who would have it.
  • But you trusted in your beauty and played the harlot because of your renown, and poured out your harlotry on every passerby; his it was.
16 You took some of your garments and made for yourself high places, and you committed harlotry on them; your beauty was not used for you, neither would it be.

Eze.16.16 - Details

Translation

You took some of your garments and made for yourself high places, and you committed harlotry on them; your beauty was not used for you, neither would it be.

Original Text

ותקחי מבגדיך ותעשי־ לך במות טלאות ותזני עליהם לא באות ולא יהיה׃

Morphology

  • ותקחי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • מבגדיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss,2,f
  • ותעשי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • במות: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • טלאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ותזני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • באות: PART,qal,part,f,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:15-16 (verbal): Uses the same image of the sisters making high places/rooftop shrines and prostituting themselves on them — a close Ezekiel parallel developing the same accusation and language.
  • Hosea 2:5-7 (thematic): Portrays Israel as an unfaithful wife who goes after lovers and idols, losing former blessing — thematic parallel of marital infidelity as idolatry.
  • Jeremiah 2:20-23 (thematic): Accuses Israel of breaking covenant and chasing foreign gods, using sexual/unfaithfulness imagery to describe idol worship and corrupt practices.
  • Isaiah 1:21 (allusion): Declares the city (Zion/Jerusalem) a 'harlot' in place of fidelity — a prophetic lament that parallels Ezekiel’s depiction of Jerusalem’s prostitution with idols.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You took some of your garments to make for yourself high places and made yourself a harlot’s shrine—but you were not like a harlot in your conduct—
  • You took some of your garments and made for yourself high places at every street, and made your beauty a wantonness; you offered yourself to every passerby and multiplied your harlotry.
17 You took your fine jewelry of my gold and my silver, which I had given you, and you made for yourself male images and played the harlot with them.

Eze.16.17 - Details

Translation

You took your fine jewelry of my gold and my silver, which I had given you, and you made for yourself male images and played the harlot with them.

Original Text

ותקחי כלי תפארתך מזהבי ומכספי אשר נתתי לך ותעשי־ לך צלמי זכר ותזני־ בם׃

Morphology

  • ותקחי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • תפארתך: NOUN,f,sg,suff-2fs
  • מזהבי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff-1cs
  • ומכספי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,suff-1cs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ותעשי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • צלמי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותזני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:4 (verbal): The people took gold and fashioned an image (the golden calf). Parallels Ezek 16:17’s charge that Israel used gold/silver given by God to make idols.
  • Deuteronomy 7:25–26 (thematic): Commands to burn graven images and not to covet the silver or gold of idols. Relates thematically to the prohibition and condemnation of making/using precious metals for idolatry.
  • Ezekiel 23:37 (verbal): Within Ezekiel’s own denunciations—Israel (and Samaria) ‘received gifts of my hand’ and prostituted themselves. Closely parallels the language and charge of using God’s gifts for harlotry/idolatry.
  • Jeremiah 10:3–5 (thematic): Condemns the making of idols and describes objects of silver and gold fashioned by human hands. Echoes the critique of creating powerless metal images out of precious materials.
  • Psalm 115:4–8 (thematic): Speaks of idols made of silver and gold that cannot speak or act—contrasting living God and lifeless metal images, echoing the condemnation of crafting and worshiping metal idols.

Alternative generated candidates

  • you took the ornaments of my gold and my silver which I had given you and made for yourself male images and played the harlot with them;
  • You took the ornaments of my gold and my silver that I had given you and made for yourself male images and played the harlot with them.
18 You took your embroidered garments and covered them; you set my oil and my incense before them.

Eze.16.18 - Details

Translation

You took your embroidered garments and covered them; you set my oil and my incense before them.

Original Text

ותקחי את־ בגדי רקמתך ותכסים ושמני וקטרתי נתת לפניהם׃

Morphology

  • ותקחי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בגדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • רקמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
  • ותכסים: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • ושמני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
  • וקטרתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:1,sg
  • נתת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:17 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel in the same chapter — similar vocabulary and action (taking embroidered garments, oil/incense) as part of Judah’s giving of God’s gifts to her lovers.
  • Ezekiel 23:40-41 (verbal): A closely parallel scene elsewhere in Ezekiel: the 'sisters' clothe their lovers with broidered garments and give perfumes, spices, and oil — nearly identical imagery and wording.
  • Hosea 2:8-9 (thematic): Hosea—using the marriage/adultery metaphor—accuses Israel of decking herself with ornaments and diverting what God gave her to her lovers, echoing the theme of God’s gifts misused.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-10 (thematic): Jeremiah employs the adulterous-wife motif for Israel/Judah, charging them with unfaithfulness to Yahweh and pursuit of other 'lovers' (idols/foreign nations), thematically parallel to Ezekiel’s accusation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and you took your embroidered garments and covered them, and you set my oil and my incense before them.
  • You took your embroidered garments and spread them to cover them, and you set my oil and my incense before them.
19 And the bread which I gave you—fine flour, oil, and honey—which fed you, you set it before them as a pleasing aroma; and it was declared to me, declares the Lord GOD.

Eze.16.19 - Details

Translation

And the bread which I gave you—fine flour, oil, and honey—which fed you, you set it before them as a pleasing aroma; and it was declared to me, declares the Lord GOD.

Original Text

ולחמי אשר־ נתתי לך סלת ושמן ודבש האכלתיך ונתתיהו לפניהם לריח ניחח ויהי נאם אדני יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ולחמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss,1,com
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • סלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ושמן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ודבש: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האכלתיך: VERB,hifil,perf,1,_,sg
  • ונתתיהו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • לריח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ניחח: ADJ,m,sg
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:18-20 (verbal): Uses the same imagery and basic word‑list (bread/fine flour/oil/honey) to describe Judah/Israel feeding their lovers with what God had provided — a direct parallel within Ezekiel's extended metaphor of prostitution.
  • Hosea 2:8 (thematic): God complains that He gave Israel grain, wine and oil and multiplied her wealth, yet she gave these gifts to her lovers — a closely related charge about misusing divine provision for unfaithfulness.
  • Deuteronomy 8:7-8 (thematic): Describes the land God gives as one of wheat, barley, vines, figs, pomegranates, olive oil and honey — background imagery of God’s material blessings that Israel has been accused of wasting or prostituting in Ezekiel 16:19.
  • Isaiah 5:2-4 (thematic): The vineyard parable: God’s careful provision and expectation of fruit contrasted with Israel’s failure/ingratitude — a related theme of divine care turned to unfaithfulness and judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Also my bread which I gave you—fine flour, oil, and honey—you set before them as a sweet aroma. It was declared to me, declares the Lord GOD.
  • And the bread that I gave you—fine flour, oil, and honey—you set it before them as a pleasing aroma; and thus it was, declares the Lord GOD.
20 You took your sons and your daughters whom you bore to me and sacrificed them to be devoured. Were your sacrifices pleasant, declares the Lord GOD?

Eze.16.20 - Details

Translation

You took your sons and your daughters whom you bore to me and sacrificed them to be devoured. Were your sacrifices pleasant, declares the Lord GOD?

Original Text

ותקחי את־ בניך ואת־ בנותיך אשר ילדת לי ותזבחים להם לאכול המעט מתזנותיך׃

Morphology

  • ותקחי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בניך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+POSS,2,m,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • בנותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss:2,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ילדת: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • ותזבחים: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • לאכול: VERB,qal,inf
  • המעט: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מתזנותיך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:2f

Parallels

  • Leviticus 18:21 (verbal): Prohibitory law against giving children to Molech—uses similar language about handing over children for a pagan rite, framing Israelite child sacrifice as illicit worship.
  • Deuteronomy 12:31 (thematic): Condemns the nations' practice of burning their sons and daughters in fire to their gods and warns Israel not to imitate these detestable customs—direct thematic parallel to Ezekiel's charge.
  • 2 Kings 21:6 (allusion): Reports King Manasseh's practice of making his son pass through fire (child sacrifice) and other idolatries—historical example of the very sin Ezekiel accuses Jerusalem of.
  • Jeremiah 7:31 (verbal): Prophetic denunciation that they built Topheth and burned their sons and daughters—uses the same imagery and phraseology to condemn Jerusalem's child sacrifice.
  • Psalm 106:37-38 (thematic): Describes Israelites sacrificing their sons and daughters, shedding innocent blood and offering them to idols—liturgical/poetic condemnation that parallels Ezekiel's moral indictment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You took your sons and your daughters whom you bore to me and sacrificed them to be devoured. Were your sacrifices of men a small matter,
  • You also took your sons and your daughters, whom you bore to me, and these you sacrificed to them, to be devoured.
21 You slaughtered my children and delivered them up to cause them to pass through the fire to them.

Eze.16.21 - Details

Translation

You slaughtered my children and delivered them up to cause them to pass through the fire to them.

Original Text

ותשחטי את־ בני ותתנים בהעביר אותם להם׃

Morphology

  • ותשחטי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ותתנים: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • בהעביר: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Leviticus 18:21 (verbal): Prohibitory formula: 'Do not give any of your children to be offered to Molech' — a legal/phrasing parallel to Ezekiel’s condemnation of giving children to idolatrous sacrifice.
  • Leviticus 20:2-5 (verbal): Prescribes punishment for handing children over to Molech and describes the act of delivering children to that cultic practice, paralleling the conduct Ezekiel denounces.
  • Deuteronomy 12:31 (verbal): Warns Israel not to imitate surrounding nations by 'passing children through the fire' to their gods — language and concern mirror Ezekiel’s charge about child sacrifice.
  • Jeremiah 7:31 (thematic): Jeremiah condemns the building of Topheth and burning of sons and daughters in the Valley of Ben Hinnom — thematically parallel imagery of child sacrifice and prophetic denunciation.
  • Psalm 106:37-38 (thematic): The psalm accuses the people of sacrificing their sons and daughters and giving them up to idols/demons, reflecting the same moral indictment found in Ezekiel 16:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • that you slain my children and delivered them up as an offering by fire to them?
  • You slaughtered my children and offered them up to these idols to consume them.
22 In all your abominations and harlotries you did not remember the days of your youth, when you were naked and bare, wallowing in your blood.

Eze.16.22 - Details

Translation

In all your abominations and harlotries you did not remember the days of your youth, when you were naked and bare, wallowing in your blood.

Original Text

ואת כל־ תועבתיך ותזנתיך לא זכרת את־ ימי נעוריך בהיותך ערם ועריה מתבוססת בדמך היית׃

Morphology

  • ואת: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • תועבתיך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ותזנתיך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,suff:2f
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • זכרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • נעוריך: NOUN,m,pl,const,suff:2f
  • בהיותך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,suff:2f
  • ערם: ADJ,m,sg
  • ועריה: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • מתבוססת: VERB,hitp,ptc,f,sg
  • בדמך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff:2f
  • היית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:4 (verbal): Uses the same early-life imagery — 'wallowing in your blood,' nakedness and abandonment — establishing the contrast between Israel's vulnerable beginnings and later prostitution.
  • Ezekiel 23:19-21 (thematic): Parallel depiction of Israel/Judah as prostitutes; vivid sexual and defiling imagery (lust, whoredom) used to condemn national unfaithfulness and moral degradation.
  • Jeremiah 2:20 (thematic): Jeremiah similarly accuses Israel of unfaithfulness, portraying the people as lying with lovers on every high place — a prophetic metaphor for spiritual prostitution and forgetting covenantal beginnings.
  • Hosea 2:5-7 (thematic): Hosea portrays Israel as chasing after 'lovers' (foreign gods) and being defiled by her pursuits; emphasizes the bride's unfaithfulness and failure to remember earlier fidelity.
  • Revelation 17:1-2 (allusion): New Testament appropriation of the prophetic prostitute motif (the 'great harlot') to symbolize corrupt, idolatrous power — echoes Ezekiel's theme of communal prostitution and blood-defilement.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And in all your abominations and your whorings you did not remember the days of your youth; for you stripped yourself naked and played the harlot on your blood upon the countryside.
  • And all your abominations and your harlotries you did not remember; in the days of your youth, when you were naked and bare, you polluted yourself in your blood.
23 And after all your wickedness—woe, woe to you, declares the Lord GOD.

Eze.16.23 - Details

Translation

And after all your wickedness—woe, woe to you, declares the Lord GOD.

Original Text

ויהי אחרי כל־ רעתך אוי אוי לך נאם אדני יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • אחרי: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • רעתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m
  • אוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:39 (structural): Immediate continuation within the same chapter: God pronounces judgment and consequences on Jerusalem for her harlotry—directly linked to the preceding ‘woe’ proclamation.
  • Isaiah 5:8 (thematic): Another prophetic 'woe' formula addressing corporate sin and its consequences ('Woe to those who join house to house'), similar in function to Ezek.16:23's denunciation after persistent wickedness.
  • Amos 5:18 (thematic): A prophetic warning beginning with 'Woe to you...' censuring misplaced hopes and imminent judgment—parallels Ezekiel's use of 'woe' to signal divine retribution.
  • Nahum 3:1 (thematic): Uses the 'woe' motif ('Woe to the bloody city!') to announce impending judgment on a guilty city, comparable to Ezek.16:23's lament and judgment pronounced on Jerusalem.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And after all your wickedness —woe, woe to you, declares the Lord GOD—
  • And it came to pass after all your wickedness, Woe, woe to you, declares the Lord GOD.
24 You built yourself a high place and made yourself a shrine in every street.

Eze.16.24 - Details

Translation

You built yourself a high place and made yourself a shrine in every street.

Original Text

ותבני־ לך גב ותעשי־ לך רמה בכל־ רחוב׃

Morphology

  • ותבני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • גב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותעשי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • רמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רחוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 1:21 (thematic): Both portray Jerusalem as a faithless wife/harlot—Isaiah condemns the 'faithful city' turned harlot, echoing Ezekiel's imagery of prostitution and public shrine-building.
  • Ezekiel 23:14-16 (thematic): Within Ezekiel's own extended allegory (the two sisters), similar language of sexual infidelity and making 'high places' and alliances with foreign nations parallels 16:24's indictment of Jerusalem's prostitution.
  • Hosea 4:13-14 (thematic): Hosea links cultic worship on high places and hills with sexual unfaithfulness—combining ritual apostasy and prostitution in a way that parallels Ezekiel's charge against the city.
  • Deuteronomy 23:17-18 (allusion): The Torah prohibition on cultic prostitution provides the legal and religious backdrop to prophetic accusations of 'whoredom' and shrine prostitution found in Ezekiel 16.
  • 2 Kings 21:3 (verbal): Manasseh 'built altars' and set up idolatrous worship in Jerusalem's precincts—language of creating high places/altars in the city echoes Ezekiel's charge about shrines 'in every street.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • you also built yourself a wall, and you made a lofty place in every street.
  • You built your high place at every head of the way and made your beauty profane at every street.
25 You built your high places at every head of the way and made your beauty an abomination, and spread your legs to every passerby; you multiplied your harlotries.

Eze.16.25 - Details

Translation

You built your high places at every head of the way and made your beauty an abomination, and spread your legs to every passerby; you multiplied your harlotries.

Original Text

אל־ כל־ ראש דרך בנית רמתך ותתעבי את־ יפיך ותפשקי את־ רגליך לכל־ עובר ותרבי את־ תזנותיך׃

Morphology

  • אל: NEG
  • כל: DET
  • ראש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בנית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • רמתך: NOUN,f,sg,suff2f
  • ותתעבי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יפיך: NOUN,m,sg,suff2f
  • ותפשקי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רגליך: NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss,2,f
  • לכל: PREP
  • עובר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותרבי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • תזנותיך: NOUN,f,pl,suff2f

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:14-21 (verbal): Same book’s extended prostitution imagery: graphic sexual language describing Israel’s/Samaria’s promiscuity and cultic liaisons with foreign powers, paralleling the charge of spreading the feet and multiplying harlotry.
  • Hosea 4:12-14 (thematic): Portrays Israel’s idolatry as sexual unfaithfulness and cultic prostitution at high places—similar theme of religious adultery and sacrificial/sexual corruption.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-9 (thematic): Jeremiah depicts Israel/Judah as a faithless wife who has played the harlot, pursued other lovers and been put away by the LORD—parallel motif of national prostitution and divine judgment.
  • Psalm 106:37-38 (thematic): Condemns Israelites who sacrificed their children to idols—connects with Ezekiel 16:25–26 context where prostitution and child-sacrifice are charged as the city’s abominations.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You built your lofty place at every head of the way and made your beauty a disgrace and spread your feet to every passerby and multiplied your harlotries.
  • You built your high place at the head of every way and made your harlotry known; you have uncovered your feet and exposed yourself to every passerby, and multiplied your harlotry.
26 You played the harlot with the Egyptians, your neighbors, of large flesh; and you multiplied your harlotries to provoke me.

Eze.16.26 - Details

Translation

You played the harlot with the Egyptians, your neighbors, of large flesh; and you multiplied your harlotries to provoke me.

Original Text

ותזני אל־ בני־ מצרים שכניך גדלי בשר ותרבי את־ תזנתך להכעיסני׃

Morphology

  • ותזני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • שכניך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2ms
  • גדלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותרבי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • תזנתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2ms
  • להכעיסני: PREP+VERB,hiph,inf,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:25 (verbal): Immediate context: verse 25 uses the same prostitution imagery and language of playing the harlot and exposing oneself, directly leading into 16:26's charge against Jerusalem.
  • Ezekiel 23:3-5 (thematic): Parallel allegory of two sisters (Samaria and Jerusalem) who commit sexualized idolatry with foreign nations (including Egyptians); repeats the motif of intercourse with 'neighbors' and foreign lovers.
  • Hosea 2:5-7 (thematic): Uses the marriage/whoredom motif to describe Israel's pursuit of foreign lovers (idols) and abandonment of YHWH, echoing Ezekiel's depiction of adulterous relations with nations.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-9 (thematic): God accuses Israel (and Judah) of prostitution with other nations and describes sending her away for unfaithfulness—parallel indictment of covenantal adultery.
  • Isaiah 1:21-23 (thematic): Isaiah portrays Jerusalem as a once-faithful city turned prostitute and corrupt, employing similar imagery of moral/ritual defection and social corruption.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You played the harlot with the Egyptians, your neighbors, great in flesh; and you increased your harlotries to provoke me.
  • You played the harlot with the neighbors' sons, and multiplied your harlotry to provoke me to anger.
27 Behold therefore I stretched out my hand against you and diminished your allotment; I delivered you to the will of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed at your lewd way.

Eze.16.27 - Details

Translation

Behold therefore I stretched out my hand against you and diminished your allotment; I delivered you to the will of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed at your lewd way.

Original Text

והנה נטיתי ידי עליך ואגרע חקך ואתנך בנפש שנאותיך בנות פלשתים הנכלמות מדרכך זמה׃

Morphology

  • והנה: ADV
  • נטיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • ואגרע: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • חקך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss,2,m
  • ואתנך: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg,obj:2ms
  • בנפש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שנאותיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg,obj,2,m
  • בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • הנכלמות: VERB,nif,perf,3,f,pl
  • מדרכך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss,2,m
  • זמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:26 (verbal): Immediate context: accuses Jerusalem of prostitution with foreign nations and explains that this unfaithfulness led to loss of protection and exposure to shame, paralleling the charge and punishment in 16:27.
  • Ezekiel 23:11–13 (thematic): In the sister-allegory God recounts giving the unfaithful city into the hands of her lovers (foreign powers) as punishment—a parallel theme of divine withdrawal and handing over because of harlotry.
  • Jeremiah 3:8 (thematic): God says He gave Israel a ‘bill of divorce’ and sent her away for adultery—a legal/declarative form of handing Israel over because of covenant unfaithfulness, echoing the punitive giving away in Ezek.16:27.
  • Judges 2:14–15 (thematic): When Israel forsook the LORD the text says He sold them into the hands of plunderers and their enemies—similar language of God withdrawing protection and delivering the people into enemy hands as punishment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore I stretched out my hand against you and diminished your allotment; I gave you up to the will of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines who were ashamed of your lewd way.
  • Behold, therefore I stretched out my hand against you and reduced your allotted share; I gave you up to the desire of your enemies, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed of your lewd way.
28 You also played the harlot with the Assyrians, because you were not satisfied with them.

Eze.16.28 - Details

Translation

You also played the harlot with the Assyrians, because you were not satisfied with them.

Original Text

ותזני אל־ בני אשור מבלתי שבעתך ותזנים וגם לא שבעת׃

Morphology

  • ותזני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • אשור: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מבלתי: PREP
  • שבעתך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss2,m,sg
  • ותזנים: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • וגם: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • שבעת: NUM,card,construct

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:26 (verbal): Immediate context: accuses Jerusalem of prostitution with foreign men including Assyrians—language and charge directly parallel to v.28's complaint about whoring with the sons of Assyria.
  • Ezekiel 23:3–5 (thematic): Introduces the sister-women (Samaria and Jerusalem) as prostitutes; uses the same allegory of national unfaithfulness and sexualized relations with Assyrians and other nations.
  • Ezekiel 23:20 (verbal): Graphic depiction of Oholibah's lust for Assyrian and Chaldean lovers—echoes the idea of insatiable intercourse with Assyrian partners in 16:28.
  • Jeremiah 3:8–9 (allusion): God says He gave unfaithful Israel to her lovers (her treacherous neighbors) as judgment—parallels the theme of Judah/Jerusalem prostituting herself to foreign powers like Assyria.
  • Hosea 2:5 (thematic): Portrays Israel chasing after lovers and being unsatisfied; uses the marriage/whoredom metaphor for covenant unfaithfulness, paralleling Ezekiel's charge against Jerusalem.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You also played the harlot with the Assyrians—without satisfying yourself—nay, you multiplied your harlotries—and yet you were not satisfied.
  • You also played the harlot with the Assyrians—since you were not satisfied—and multiplied your harlotry with them.
29 You multiplied your harlotries to the land of the Chaldeans, and yet you were not satisfied.

Eze.16.29 - Details

Translation

You multiplied your harlotries to the land of the Chaldeans, and yet you were not satisfied.

Original Text

ותרבי את־ תזנותך אל־ ארץ כנען כשדימה וגם־ בזאת לא שבעת׃

Morphology

  • ותרבי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • תזנותך: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • אל: NEG
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כשדימה: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • וגם: CONJ
  • בזאת: PREP
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • שבעת: NUM,card,construct

Parallels

  • Ezek.16:25 (verbal): Same chapter and near context: the prophet again accuses Jerusalem of multiplying her whorings ( Hebrew 'ותרבי' / 'you multiplied' ), a close verbal and thematic parallel.
  • Ezek.23:7-10 (thematic): Ezekiel's extended allegory of Oholah and Oholibah portrays Samaria and Jerusalem as prostitutes who take many foreign lovers—same prostitution/idolatry metaphor and charge of repeated unfaithfulness.
  • Hosea 4:11-12 (thematic): Hosea uses sexual/harlotry imagery for Israel's idolatry and unfaithfulness (whoredom leads them astray), echoing the metaphor of multiplied spiritual prostitution.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-9 (thematic): Jeremiah recounts Israel's adultery with many lovers and God's putting her away for those acts—parallel theme of Israel's repeated unfaithfulness and insatiable idolatries.
  • Isaiah 1:21 (thematic): Isaiah laments that the 'faithful city' has become a harlot—similar accusation that Jerusalem's covenantal faithfulness has been prostituted through idolatry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You multiplied your fornications to the land of Canaan and defiled yourself with the idols of the land, and yet you were not cleansed of your filthiness.
  • You multiplied your harlotry to the land of the Canaanite, and even with this you were not satisfied.
30 What will you gain by harlotry, O daughter? You adulteress—domineering mistress!

Eze.16.30 - Details

Translation

What will you gain by harlotry, O daughter? You adulteress—domineering mistress!

Original Text

מה אמלה לבתך נאם אדני יהוה בעשותך את־ כל־ אלה מעשה אשה־ זונה שלטת׃

Morphology

  • מה: PRON,int
  • אמלה: PART
  • לבתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,prs:2,m
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בעשותך: PREP+VERB,qal,inf+SUF,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • מעשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • זונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שלטת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 1:21 (verbal): Uses the same motif/phrase—'faithful city' become a 'harlot'—directly echoing Jerusalem's fall into prostitution/idolatry as in Ezekiel 16.
  • Ezekiel 23:1-4 (structural): A parallel allegory within Ezekiel that develops the same extended prostitute metaphor to condemn Israel and Judah's sexualized idolatry and political infidelity.
  • Hosea 4:12 (thematic): Links sexual unfaithfulness with religious apostasy—'spirit of whoredom' leads Israel to idolatry—reflecting Ezekiel's equation of prostitution and covenant unfaithfulness.
  • Jeremiah 3:20 (allusion): God compares Israel's betrayal to a treacherous wife; the image of marital/harlot betrayal parallels Ezekiel's indictment of Jerusalem's unfaithfulness.
  • Revelation 17:1-5 (thematic): The NT image of 'Babylon the great, the mother of prostitutes' echoes the prophetic prostitute motif, applying it to a city representing collective apostasy like Ezekiel's Jerusalem.

Alternative generated candidates

  • How weak is your heart, declares the Lord GOD, seeing you have done all these deeds, the deeds of a woman who commits adultery and is a ruler.
  • How weak is your heart, declares the Lord GOD, seeing you do all these things—the work of a woman who sells herself, mastering the nations by her harlotry.
31 You built your frontage at the head of every way and made your high places in every street; yet you were not like a harlot to lessen the shame.

Eze.16.31 - Details

Translation

You built your frontage at the head of every way and made your high places in every street; yet you were not like a harlot to lessen the shame.

Original Text

בבנותיך גבך בראש כל־ דרך ורמתך עשית בכל־ רחוב ולא־ היית כזונה לקלס אתנן׃

Morphology

  • בבנותיך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+pss2ms
  • גבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+pss2ms
  • בראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
  • כל: DET
  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ורמתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+pss2ms
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רחוב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • היית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • כזונה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לקלס: VERB,qal,inf
  • אתנן: NOUN,m,sg,construct

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 2:20-21 (verbal): Jeremiah uses the same marital/harlotry imagery and mentions wandering on every high hill/playing the harlot—paralleling Ezekiel’s charge that Jerusalem built high places and prostituted her beauty.
  • Hosea 4:13-14 (thematic): Hosea condemns Israel for sacrificing on hilltops and linking cultic high places with sexual immorality, echoing Ezekiel’s critique of high places and profane behaviour.
  • Ezekiel 16:46-52 (structural): Later in the same chapter Ezekiel explicitly compares Jerusalem with her ‘sisters’ Samaria and Sodom, developing the same contrast alluded to in v.31 and treating the consequences of her prostitution and idolatry.
  • Isaiah 1:21 (thematic): Isaiah depicts Jerusalem as a faithless city turned into a harlot whose purity is defiled—paralleling Ezekiel’s accusation that the city made its beauty abhorrent through idolatry and prostitution.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You built up your wall at every head of the way and made your lofty place in every street, yet you were not like a harlot to those who buy;
  • You have polluted your glory among the nations by your harlotry; and your shameful acts have surpassed the acts of a prostitute—yet you were not like her.
32 As is the wife who commits adultery under her husband, so you took strangers in your affections.

Eze.16.32 - Details

Translation

As is the wife who commits adultery under her husband, so you took strangers in your affections.

Original Text

האשה המנאפת תחת אישה תקח את־ זרים׃

Morphology

  • האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • המנאפת: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • תחת: PREP
  • אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • זרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:3-5, 23:30-34 (verbal): Ezekiel uses the same erotic/harlot imagery of two sisters who commit adultery with foreign nations — language about taking foreign lovers parallels 16:32's charge of an adulterous wife taking strangers.
  • Hosea 2:5, 2:8-13 (thematic): Hosea depicts Israel as an unfaithful wife who goes after lovers/foreign gods; the metaphor of a wife ‘taking strangers’ and being punished for whoredom closely parallels Ezekiel's accusation.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-9 (thematic): Jeremiah describes Israel's spiritual adultery and God’s putting her away (divorce) because she went after other lovers — a parallel legal/moral denunciation of a wife who takes strangers.
  • Revelation 17:1-6 (allusion): The New Testament develops the prophetic harlot motif (the great prostitute who seduces nations); Revelation’s image of a corrupt, adulterous city echoes Ezekiel’s portrayal of a wife taking foreign lovers.

Alternative generated candidates

  • for you are a woman who takes strangers instead of her husband.
  • For a prostitute, when she commits adultery, takes strangers instead of her husband.
33 Men give gifts to all harlots, but you gave your gifts to all your lovers, bribing them to come to you from every side for your harlotries.

Eze.16.33 - Details

Translation

Men give gifts to all harlots, but you gave your gifts to all your lovers, bribing them to come to you from every side for your harlotries.

Original Text

לכל־ זנות יתנו־ נדה ואת נתת את־ נדניך לכל־ מאהביך ותשחדי אותם לבוא אליך מסביב בתזנותיך׃

Morphology

  • לכל: PREP
  • זנות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • יתנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • נדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • נתת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נדניך: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • לכל: PREP
  • מאהביך: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ותשחדי: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
  • אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • מסביב: ADV,loc
  • בתזנותיך: PREP,NOUN,f,pl,poss:2,f

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:20-21 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: both verses describe giving up sons and daughters to be devoured/sacrificed to lovers/idols, repeating the imagery of child-offering tied to Jerusalem’s prostitution.
  • Jeremiah 7:31 (verbal): Uses very similar language about building Topheth and burning sons and daughters—echoes the charge of child sacrifice associated with idolatrous practices.
  • Deuteronomy 12:31 (allusion): Law condemning the detestable practice of sacrificing children to foreign gods; Ezekiel’s accusation of giving children to lovers echoes this Deuteronomic prohibition.
  • Leviticus 20:2-5 (thematic): Prescribes punishment for giving children to Molech; thematically parallels Ezekiel’s denunciation of child sacrifice as a grave breach of covenant fidelity.
  • 2 Kings 23:10 (structural): Narrative account of Josiah defiling Topheth to prevent child sacrifice—historical action responding to the very practice Ezekiel condemns, showing the ancient cultic context.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They give gifts to all harlots, but you gave gifts to all your lovers and bribed them to come to you from every side because of your harlotries.
  • But you, you gave a pledge and offered yourself to all your lovers, and bribed them to come to you from every direction for your harlotry.
34 So your sisters, your neighbors—large of flesh—were the opposite of you in your harlotries; they were not soliciting after men, but you gave your gifts and yet were not satisfied.

Eze.16.34 - Details

Translation

So your sisters, your neighbors—large of flesh—were the opposite of you in your harlotries; they were not soliciting after men, but you gave your gifts and yet were not satisfied.

Original Text

ויהי־ בך הפך מן־ הנשים בתזנותיך ואחריך לא זונה ובתתך אתנן ואתנן לא נתן־ לך ותהי להפך׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • הפך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מן: PREP
  • הנשים: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • בתזנותיך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,2,f,sg
  • ואחריך: CONJ+PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • זונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ובתתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,2,m,sg
  • אתנן: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • ואתנן: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • להפך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:33 (verbal): Immediate context: accuses Jerusalem of multiplying her prostitution by taking gifts for all her lovers—same imagery of giving gifts and profiting from harlotry.
  • Ezekiel 23:12-14 (verbal): Parallel prophetic allegory (Oholah/Oholibah): describes giving gifts to foreign lovers and prostituting herself to them, closely mirroring the language and theme of Jerusalem's unfaithfulness.
  • Hosea 2:5-7 (thematic): Uses the marriage/prostitution metaphor: the unfaithful woman follows lovers, is hedged in and punished, and God condemns her for abandoning her covenantal husband—echoes the theme of lovers, gifts, and divine judgment.
  • Jeremiah 3:1-2 (thematic): Denounces Israel's repeated harlotry with many lovers and her turning away from the Lord; thematically parallels Ezekiel's charge of spiritual adultery and giving herself to others.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So the contrary has happened to you from other women in your harlotries: no one goes after you to take you, and you give gifts and no one gives to you. You are proved the opposite.
  • So the contrary happened to you from what is customary: you sent away the one who loved you and gave hire to the one who did not love you; thus you are unashamed of your lewdness.
35 Therefore, O harlot, hear the word of the Lord.

Eze.16.35 - Details

Translation

Therefore, O harlot, hear the word of the Lord.

Original Text

לכן זונה שמעי דבר־ יהוה׃

Morphology

  • לכן: ADV
  • זונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שמעי: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:2-5 (structural): Same prophet uses an extended prostitute allegory (two sisters Oholah/Oholibah) to accuse Israel and Judah of whoring and to introduce divine judgment—parallel literary structure and theme to Ezek 16:35.
  • Hosea 2:2-5 (thematic): Hosea portrays Israel as an unfaithful wife/harlot and announces humiliation and judgment; both texts use marital/harlotry imagery to depict national apostasy and divine response.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-8 (allusion): Jeremiah recounts Israel’s spiritual adultery and God’s divorce/separation from her—an analogous legal/forensic treatment of covenant unfaithfulness found in Ezek 16:35.
  • Isaiah 1:21-23 (verbal): Isaiah explicitly calls Jerusalem a 'harlot' and condemns civic and religious corruption; like Ezek 16:35 it combines the image of prostitution with a prophetic charge to hear God’s verdict.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore, O harlot—hear the word of the Lord.
  • Therefore, O harlot, hear the word of the Lord.
36 Thus says the Lord GOD: Because your filth was poured out and your nakedness was uncovered in your harlotries with your lovers and with all the idols of your abominations, and by the blood of your children, which you gave to them,

Eze.16.36 - Details

Translation

Thus says the Lord GOD: Because your filth was poured out and your nakedness was uncovered in your harlotries with your lovers and with all the idols of your abominations, and by the blood of your children, which you gave to them,

Original Text

כה־ אמר אדני יהוה יען השפך נחשתך ותגלה ערותך בתזנותיך על־ מאהביך ועל כל־ גלולי תועבותיך וכדמי בניך אשר נתת להם׃

Morphology

  • כה: ADV
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • יען: CONJ
  • השפך: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • נחשתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2f
  • ותגלה: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • ערותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2f
  • בתזנותיך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+2f
  • על: PREP
  • מאהביך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2f
  • ועל: CONJ+PREP
  • כל: DET
  • גלולי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תועבותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2,m,sg
  • וכדמי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בניך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+POSS,2,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נתת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:25 (verbal): Same chapter's denunciation of Jerusalem's prostitutions—language about 'playing the harlot' and sacrificing to lovers parallels the exposure of nakedness and illicit relations in 16:36.
  • Ezekiel 16:41 (verbal): Close parallel in the chapter describing how Jerusalem 'took her sons and daughters' and gave them to her lovers/abominations—directly echoes the charge in 16:36 about children given to idols/lovers.
  • Ezekiel 23:37 (verbal): Comparable prophetic indictment using identical imagery—'you uncovered your nakedness with your idols' and humiliation with lifeless gods, paralleling the exposure and abominations charged in 16:36.
  • Jeremiah 3:8–9 (thematic): Jeremiah portrays Israel's unfaithfulness as adultery/harlotry and announces judgment (a 'divorce') for her adulteries—thematically parallels Ezekiel's charge of spiritual prostitution and punishment.
  • Isaiah 1:21 (thematic): Isaiah's lament that the 'faithful city' has become a harlot parallels Ezekiel's depiction of Jerusalem's moral decline and public exposure of her shame and idolatry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Thus says the Lord GOD: Because your filthiness was poured out and your nakedness uncovered by your harlotries with your lovers and with all your idols and by the blood of your children which you gave to them,
  • Thus says the Lord GOD: Because your filthiness was poured out and your nakedness uncovered by your harlotry with your lovers and by all your idols, and because of the blood of your children which you gave to them;
37 therefore, behold, I will gather all your lovers, with whom you took pleasure, and all those you loved—yes, I will gather them from all around and will expose your nakedness to them, and they shall see all your nakedness.

Eze.16.37 - Details

Translation

therefore, behold, I will gather all your lovers, with whom you took pleasure, and all those you loved—yes, I will gather them from all around and will expose your nakedness to them, and they shall see all your nakedness.

Original Text

לכן הנני מקבץ את־ כל־ מאהביך אשר ערבת עליהם ואת כל־ אשר אהבת על כל־ אשר שנאת וקבצתי אתם עליך מסביב וגליתי ערותך אלהם וראו את־ כל־ ערותך׃

Morphology

  • לכן: ADV
  • הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
  • מקבץ: VERB,qal,ptcp,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • מאהביך: NOUN,m,pl,poss2ms
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ערבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • ואת: CONJ
  • כל: DET
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אהבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שנאת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • וקבצתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • מסביב: ADV,loc
  • וגליתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • ערותך: NOUN,f,sg,poss2fs
  • אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • וראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • ערותך: NOUN,f,sg,poss2fs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:36-39 (verbal): Very close verbal and thematic parallel: God says he will gather the woman's lovers and they will uncover her nakedness; same imagery of surrender and public humiliation.
  • Ezekiel 16:39 (structural): Immediate parallel/continuation in the same chapter outlining the judgment — giving the city to her lovers and exposing her nakedness as part of the legal/penal action.
  • Isaiah 47:2-3 (thematic): Isaiah uses comparable language of stripping and uncovering Babylon's robe/veil so that her nakedness and shame are seen by nations — the motif of exposed shame as divine judgment.
  • Nahum 3:4-7 (thematic): Portrays Nineveh's humiliation with similar imagery (lifting skirts, exposing nakedness, public shame), echoing the motif of enemies/others witnessing Israel's or a city's disgrace.

Alternative generated candidates

  • therefore, behold, I will gather all your lovers—with whom you took pleasure, and all those you loved—everyone on whom you were jealous; and I will assemble them against you on every side and will uncover your nakedness to them, that they may see all your nakedness.
  • therefore, behold, I will gather all your lovers, with whom you took pleasure, and all those you loved—yes, I will gather them against you from all around and will uncover your nakedness to them, that they may see all your nakedness.
38 I will judge you with the judgments of reproach and with the judgments of those who practice harlotry; I will bring upon you the blood of wrath and jealousy.

Eze.16.38 - Details

Translation

I will judge you with the judgments of reproach and with the judgments of those who practice harlotry; I will bring upon you the blood of wrath and jealousy.

Original Text

ושפטתיך משפטי נאפות ושפכת דם ונתתיך דם חמה וקנאה׃

Morphology

  • ושפטתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • משפטי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • נאפות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ושפכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms
  • דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ונתתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,-,sg
  • דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וקנאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 22:22 (thematic): Ancient law prescribing death for adultery; parallels Ezekiel’s claim that Israel will be judged for 'adulteries' and punished with blood (capital retribution).
  • Leviticus 20:10 (verbal): Prescribes execution for an adulterer and adulteress—language of shedding blood and punishment echoes Ezekiel’s judgment for sexual unfaithfulness.
  • Jeremiah 3:8 (allusion): Jeremiah portrays Israel as an unfaithful wife whom the LORD divorces for her adulteries; shares the motif of covenantal infidelity and punitive separation/judgment.
  • Ezekiel 23:37-39 (thematic): Within Ezekiel’s own corpus, Ezekiel 23 uses harlotry imagery and announces violent punishment (wrath, exile, death) for Israel/Samaria’s sexual and political infidelities, mirroring 16:38’s themes of adultery, blood, and jealous anger.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will judge you as to adultery and blood-guiltiness; I will judge you as to your being guilty of passionate rage and jealous fury.
  • I will judge you with the judgments of a harlot and with the judgments of those who shed blood; I will bring upon you furious and jealous dealings.
39 I will give you over into their hands, and they shall tear down your towers and break down your high places; they shall strip you of your clothes and take your beautiful ornaments and leave you naked and bare.

Eze.16.39 - Details

Translation

I will give you over into their hands, and they shall tear down your towers and break down your high places; they shall strip you of your clothes and take your beautiful ornaments and leave you naked and bare.

Original Text

ונתתי אותך בידם והרסו גבך ונתצו רמתיך והפשיטו אותך בגדיך ולקחו כלי תפארתך והניחוך עירם ועריה׃

Morphology

  • ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • בידם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • והרסו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • גבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,com,sg
  • ונתצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • רמתיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2,com,sg
  • והפשיטו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • בגדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ולקחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כלי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • תפארתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,com,sg
  • והניחוך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl+2,com,sg
  • עירם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • ועריה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:37-38 (verbal): Immediate context: the surrounding verses use nearly identical language—God hands Jerusalem over to her lovers/enemies who will tear down her high places, break her images, strip her clothes and take her ornaments, directly paralleling v.39.
  • Ezekiel 23:25-30 (verbal): Parallel oracle against the two sisters (Samaria and Jerusalem): enemies strip them, take their jewelry and expose them. Shares the same vocabulary and punitive motifs of humiliation, plunder, and public exposure.
  • Hosea 2:10-13 (thematic): Uses imagery of removal of garments and ornaments and public humiliation as punishment for unfaithfulness—God’s stripping and deprivation motif resonates with Ezek.16:39’s loss of clothes and bracelets.
  • Isaiah 3:16-26 (thematic): Judgment against the women of Zion: God takes away their finery and beauty, exposes and shames them. The passage echoes motifs of stripping, loss of adornment, and public disgrace found in Ezek.16:39.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I will give you to those who hate you, and they shall rule over you; and they shall strip you of your clothing and take your fine ornaments and leave you naked and bare.
  • I will give you into their hand, and they shall tear down your towers and break down your high places; they shall strip you of your clothes and take your beautiful ornaments and leave you naked and bare.
40 They shall bring a mob against you and stone you with stones and thrust you through with their swords.

Eze.16.40 - Details

Translation

They shall bring a mob against you and stone you with stones and thrust you through with their swords.

Original Text

והעלו עליך קהל ורגמו אותך באבן ובתקוך בחרבותם׃

Morphology

  • והעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • קהל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ורגמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • באבן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ובתקוך: CONJ+PREP
  • בחרבותם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:35-38 (structural): Immediate context: the chapter’s courtroom-speech against Jerusalem portrays her as an adulterous wife and announces collective punishment (burning, stoning, sword) — these verses set up the same imagery and legal action found in v.40.
  • Deuteronomy 13:12-16 (verbal): Prescribes gathering the inhabitants of a city that has led Israel into idolatry and stoning them with stones and burning the city — a parallel legal/ritual formula for communal execution and destruction.
  • Deuteronomy 22:22-24 (verbal): Law prescribing stoning of adulterers in the community — connects the motif of stoning as the prescribed penalty for sexual unfaithfulness, which Ezekiel applies metaphorically to Jerusalem.
  • Hosea 2:2-13 (thematic): Uses the marriage/infidelity metaphor to describe Israel’s unfaithfulness and announces punitive consequences (shame, removal of blessings, exposing her) — thematically parallels Ezekiel’s depiction of Jerusalem’s prostitution and punishment.
  • Jeremiah 3:8-9 (thematic): Describes Israel’s repudiation (a 'bill of divorce') and handing her over because of adultery, with the idea of judicial separation and punishment for unfaithfulness — thematically akin to Ezekiel’s handing over of Jerusalem to her lovers and executors.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They shall put a stop to your lewdness with their swords; they shall kill your children and burn your houses with fire.
  • They will bring a crowd against you and stone you with stones and cut you down with their swords.
41 They shall burn your houses with fire and execute judgments upon you in the sight of many women; I will turn you into an object of horror and you shall no more be comforted nor receive any more gifts.

Eze.16.41 - Details

Translation

They shall burn your houses with fire and execute judgments upon you in the sight of many women; I will turn you into an object of horror and you shall no more be comforted nor receive any more gifts.

Original Text

ושרפו בתיך באש ועשו־ בך שפטים לעיני נשים רבות והשבתיך מזונה וגם־ אתנן לא תתני־ עוד׃

Morphology

  • ושרפו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בתיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2fs
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ועשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
  • בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • שפטים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • נשים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • רבות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • והשבתיך: VERB,hif,imprf,1,m,sg+OBJ:2,m,sg
  • מזונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וגם: CONJ
  • אתנן: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תתני: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • עוד: ADV

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:37-39 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same stanza: God announces recompense for Jerusalem’s whoredom, public humiliation and the burning/ destruction of her houses—language and judicial imagery closely match v.41.
  • Ezekiel 23:25-30 (thematic): Another Ezekiel oracle using the harlotry motif to describe Judah/Israel’s punishment by foreign armies—contains similar details of plunder, public shame and destruction by fire.
  • Hosea 2:5-13 (allusion): Hosea depicts Israel as an unfaithful wife who will be shamed and lose her prosperity and lovers; thematically parallels Ezekiel’s punishment-for-prostitution motif and the removal of former ‘gains’.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-8 (thematic): Jeremiah recounts Israel’s adultery and the decisive removal/divorce as judgment (e.g., God putting away unfaithful wives), echoing Ezekiel’s imagery of public repudiation and recompense.
  • Jeremiah 13:27 (verbal): Jeremiah accuses Jerusalem of ‘adulteries’ and lewdness and announces shame and grief—uses language of prostitution and public humiliation similar to Ezek.16:41.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they shall execute judgments on you in the sight of many women, and I will bring your filthiness to light and make you cease from playing the harlot, and your gifts shall no more be given to you.
  • They will burn your houses with fire and execute judgments on you in the sight of many women; and I will put an end to your lewdness, and your payments shall no longer be given to you.
42 And I will lay my wrath upon you, my jealousy shall depart from you; I will be still and will be no more angry.

Eze.16.42 - Details

Translation

And I will lay my wrath upon you, my jealousy shall depart from you; I will be still and will be no more angry.

Original Text

והנחתי חמתי בך וסרה קנאתי ממך ושקטתי ולא אכעס עוד׃

Morphology

  • והנחתי: VERB,hiph,perf,1,_,sg
  • חמתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1s
  • בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • וסרה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • קנאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ושקטתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אכעס: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • עוד: ADV

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:8-9 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD as merciful and 'not always angry' / 'will not keep his anger forever,' echoing 'I will be quiet and no more angry.'
  • Isaiah 54:8 (thematic): Promises only a momentary wrath followed by compassion—'in a little wrath I hid my face... with everlasting kindness I will have mercy'—paralleling the transition from anger to calm.
  • Hosea 11:8-9 (thematic): God refuses to execute full fierce anger on Israel—'I will not execute the fierceness of my anger'—reflecting the theme of withholding or ending divine wrath/jealousy.
  • Zephaniah 3:17 (verbal): Declares the LORD 'will quiet' (yishkot) his people by his love—paralleling the language of becoming quiet and ceasing anger (ושקטתי).
  • Jeremiah 3:12 (verbal): God calls Israel to return with the assurance 'I will not cause mine anger to fall upon you,' closely corresponding to the declaration that he will be no more angry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Moreover I will lay my vengeance on you and will be satisfied; when I remove my anger, I will be quiet and no longer be angry.
  • I will put my wrath upon you, and the jealousy of my anger shall depart from you, and I will be quiet and no longer be angry.
43 Because you did not remember the days of your youth, but enraged me with all these things—and I had given you the beginning of your life, when you were young—yet you acted treacherously in all your abominations.

Eze.16.43 - Details

Translation

Because you did not remember the days of your youth, but enraged me with all these things—and I had given you the beginning of your life, when you were young—yet you acted treacherously in all your abominations.

Original Text

יען אשר לא־ זכרת את־ ימי נעוריך ותרגזי־ לי בכל־ אלה וגם־ אני הא דרכך ׀ בראש נתתי נאם אדני יהוה ולא עשית את־ הזמה על כל־ תועבתיך׃

Morphology

  • יען: CONJ
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • זכרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • נעוריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2f
  • ותרגזי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • וגם: CONJ
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • הא: PRON,3,f,sg
  • דרכך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • בראש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
  • נתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הזמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • תועבתיך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:36-38 (structural): Immediate context: the same speech of judgment—God declares he will gather her lovers and execute punishment for her prostitution and abominations, directly continuing the threat found in 16:43.
  • Jeremiah 2:2 (thematic): Antithetical parallel: Jeremiah recalls Israel’s 'love in the days of her youth' when she followed God; Ezekiel 16:43 reproves Israel for failing to remember those early faithful days and thus provoking God.
  • Deuteronomy 32:7 (verbal): Shared motif/terminology: Deuteronomy commands to 'remember the days of old'; Ezekiel 16:43 charges Israel for not remembering the days of her youth—both invoke recollection of the past as moral/spiritual standard.
  • Psalm 78:10-11 (thematic): The psalm recounts Israel's forgetting God’s works and provoking him, leading to judgment—parallels Ezekiel’s charge that Israel's forgetfulness and provocation bring God’s retribution.
  • Hosea 2:13 (allusion): Hosea speaks of God 'visiting' Israel for her Baal‑days and punishing her for harlotry; Ezekiel 16:43 likewise says God will 'bring back' or visit her lewdness and abominations as the basis for punishment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Because you did not remember the days of your youth, but enraged me in all these things—behold, I will uncover your shame in the sight of the nations, and you shall know that I am the LORD.
  • Because you did not remember the days of your youth, but enraged me with all these things—behold, I will make clear to you the consequence of your ways, declares the Lord GOD, and you shall not commit this lewdness any more, for you did not obey me.
44 Behold, all who so judge you will judge you, saying, ‘As one reproaches a mother, so is your mother reproached.’

Eze.16.44 - Details

Translation

Behold, all who so judge you will judge you, saying, ‘As one reproaches a mother, so is your mother reproached.’

Original Text

הנה כל־ המשל עליך ימשל לאמר כאמה בתה׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • כל: DET
  • המשל: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • עליך: PREP+2ms
  • ימשל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • כאמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בתה: NOUN,f,sg,poss3f

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23 (structural): Both chapters employ the extended allegory of Israel/Judah as unfaithful women (sisters or mother/daughter) whose sexual infidelity brings public disgrace and taunting by the nations.
  • Luke 6:40 (verbal): Uses the same comparative pattern ('A student is not above his teacher; everyone who is fully trained will be like their teacher')—a similar 'as X, so Y' formula expressing imitation or inheritance of character.
  • Exodus 34:7 (thematic): Speaks to generational consequences of sin ('visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children'), resonating with Ezekiel’s theme of communal/generational shame and reproach.
  • Matthew 23:27-28 (thematic): Jesus denounces hypocrisy and public disgrace (whitewashed tombs)—parallel to Ezekiel’s concern that Jerusalem’s moral corruptions become a public taunt and bring shame on the community.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Consider all your abominations, and you will be compared—like mother, like daughter.
  • Behold, all those who use proverbs will use this proverb about you: 'Like mother, like daughter.'
45 Your mother was an older woman and your nativity a woman of monstrous origin; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

Eze.16.45 - Details

Translation

Your mother was an older woman and your nativity a woman of monstrous origin; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

Original Text

בת־ אמך את געלת אישה ובניה ואחות אחותך את אשר געלו אנשיהן ובניהן אמכן חתית ואביכן אמרי׃

Morphology

  • בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • אמך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • געלת: NOUN,f,sg,const
  • אישה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ובניה: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fs
  • ואחות: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אחותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • געלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אנשיהן: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fp
  • ובניהן: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3fp
  • אמכן: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2fp
  • חתית: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • ואביכן: NOUN,m,sg,pr.2fp
  • אמרי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:46-52 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: identifies Samaria and Sodom explicitly as Jerusalem’s 'sisters' and develops the comparative judgment motif begun in 16:45.
  • Ezekiel 23:1-12 (thematic): Parallel allegory of two sisters (Oholah/Oholibah = Samaria/Jerusalem) who commit whoredom; uses similar imagery of prostitution and comparative moral condemnation.
  • Hosea 2:2-5 (thematic): Israel depicted as an unfaithful wife pursuing lovers and deserving divorce/judgment—shares the marriage/sexual infidelity motif used to indict Jerusalem in Ezekiel 16:45.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-10 (thematic): Jeremiah recounts Israel’s adultery and contrasts unfaithful northern kingdom (Samaria) with Judah; echoes the charge of prostitution and uses sister-city comparisons.
  • Genesis 15:18-21 (allusion): Lists the Hittites and Amorites among Canaan’s inhabitants; provides the ethnic background for the wording 'your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite,' which Ezekiel uses metaphorically.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Your elder sister is Samaria, she and her daughters who dwell on her left hand; and your younger sister, who dwells on your right hand, is Sodom and her daughters.
  • You are the daughter of your mother and the sister of your sisters; your mother was a Hittite and your father an Amorite.
46 Your elder sister is Samaria and her daughters who dwell with her; your younger sister, who dwells to your right, is Sodom and her daughters.

Eze.16.46 - Details

Translation

Your elder sister is Samaria and her daughters who dwell with her; your younger sister, who dwells to your right, is Sodom and her daughters.

Original Text

ואחותך הגדולה שמרון היא ובנותיה היושבת על־ שמאולך ואחותך הקטנה ממך היושבת מימינך סדם ובנותיה׃

Morphology

  • ואחותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הגדולה: ADJ,f,sg,def
  • שמרון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • ובנותיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • היושבת: VERB,qal,ptc,3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • שמאולך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואחותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הקטנה: ADJ,f,sg,def
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • היושבת: VERB,qal,ptc,3,f,sg
  • מימינך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2,m
  • סדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובנותיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:44 (verbal): Immediate internal parallel in the same chapter that foregrounds the comparison of Jerusalem with Samaria and Sodom (the ‘sister’ imagery appears earlier in the unit).
  • Ezekiel 16:48-52 (thematic): Continues and expands the Sodom comparison—describes Sodom’s sin and judgment to contrast and condemn Jerusalem’s greater guilt.
  • Ezekiel 23:1-49 (structural): A parallel prophetic allegory portraying Samaria (Aholah) and Jerusalem (Aholibah) as adulterous sisters; uses the same sister/harlot motif to condemn both cities.
  • Isaiah 1:21-23 (thematic): Isaiah likewise portrays Jerusalem as a once-faithful city turned into a prostitute, condemning her corruption and leadership—echoing Ezekiel’s imagery of moral and civic betrayal.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-9 (thematic): Jeremiah depicts Israel (and by implication Judah) as an unfaithful wife put away for harlotry; the marital/adulterous metaphor parallels Ezekiel’s use of sister-city adultery to describe national unfaithfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Your elder sister is Samaria, and her daughters who live with her are those who dwell on her left hand; your younger sister, who dwells on your right hand, is Sodom and her daughters.
47 Yet you did not walk in their ways, nor act according to their abominations; you were more corrupt than they in all your ways.

Eze.16.47 - Details

Translation

Yet you did not walk in their ways, nor act according to their abominations; you were more corrupt than they in all your ways.

Original Text

ולא בדרכיהן הלכת ובתועבותיהן עשית כמעט קט ותשחתי מהן בכל־ דרכיך׃

Morphology

  • ולא: CONJ
  • בדרכיהן: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,3,f,pl
  • הלכת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • ובתועבותיהן: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,3,f,pl
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • כמעט: ADV
  • קט: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ותשחתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg,OBJ,1,sg
  • מהן: PREP+PRON,3,f,pl
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דרכיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Leviticus 18:3 (verbal): Explicit prohibition against following the practices of other lands (“after the doings of the land…do not do”); echoes the language and idea of not walking in other peoples’ ways or committing their ‘abominations.’
  • Leviticus 20:23 (verbal): Commands Israel not to ‘walk in the manners’ of the nations or defile themselves with their idols—verbal and legal parallel to refusing other nations’ detestable practices.
  • Deuteronomy 12:29-31 (thematic): Warns Israel not to be led into the abominations of the nations when occupying the land; thematically parallels the warning/contrast about adopting others’ detestable ways.
  • Ezekiel 16:46-52 (structural): Immediate literary context: the extended comparison between Jerusalem and her ‘sisters’ (Samaria, Sodom). Verse 47 sits within this unit contrasting Jerusalem’s conduct with the abominations of those cities.
  • Ezekiel 16:50 (thematic): Gives the defining sins of Sodom (pride, excess, lack of care for the poor); used in the chapter as the exemplar of ‘abominations’ to which Jerusalem is compared/contrasted.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet you did not walk in their ways nor commit their abominations; but in your wickedness you were worse than they in all your ways.
  • Yet you did not walk in their ways nor act according to their abominations; but, in spite of this, you became more corrupt than they in all your ways.
48 As I live, declares the Lord GOD, your sister Sodom and her daughters did not do as you and your daughters have done.

Eze.16.48 - Details

Translation

As I live, declares the Lord GOD, your sister Sodom and her daughters did not do as you and your daughters have done.

Original Text

חי־ אני נאם אדני יהוה אם־ עשתה סדם אחותך היא ובנותיה כאשר עשית את ובנותיך׃

Morphology

  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אם: CONJ
  • עשתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • סדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחותך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
  • היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
  • ובנותיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ובנותיך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:49-50 (verbal): Immediate continuation of the same speech — explicitly cites 'the guilt of your sister Sodom' and lists the grounds for the comparison between Jerusalem and Sodom.
  • Genesis 19:1-29 (thematic): The primary narrative account of Sodom's wickedness and destruction which provides the historical and moral background for Ezekiel's comparison.
  • Amos 4:11 (allusion): The prophet invokes God's overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah as a paradigmatic act of judgment, using Sodom as a standard against which other communities' punishment is measured.
  • Jude 1:7 (thematic): New Testament appeal to Sodom and Gomorrah as examples of sexual immorality and divine judgment — echoes Ezekiel's use of Sodom as the benchmark of communal wickedness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • As surely as I live, declares the Lord GOD, your sister Sodom and her daughters had not done as you and your daughters have done.
  • As I live, declares the Lord GOD, your sister Sodom and her daughters did not do as you and your daughters have done.
49 Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom: pride, abundant food, and unconcerned security was in her and her daughters; yet she did not strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.

Eze.16.49 - Details

Translation

Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom: pride, abundant food, and unconcerned security was in her and her daughters; yet she did not strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.

Original Text

הנה־ זה היה עון סדם אחותך גאון שבעת־ לחם ושלות השקט היה לה ולבנותיה ויד־ עני ואביון לא החזיקה׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • סדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחותך: NOUN,f,sg,cons+2ms
  • גאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שבעת: NUM,card,construct
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושלות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • השקט: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
  • ולבנותיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3fs
  • ויד: CONJ
  • עני: ADJ,m,sg
  • ואביון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • החזיקה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 19:4–11, 24–29 (allusion): The Sodom narrative in Genesis provides the background for Ezekiel's reference to Sodom's guilt and destruction; Ezekiel reframes that tradition by stressing social failure rather than only sexual violence.
  • Ezekiel 16:50 (structural): Immediate continuation within the same speech: explicitly names Sodom's sin and its punishment, reinforcing the point about pride, excess, and neglect of the poor.
  • Amos 6:1–7 (thematic): Condemns complacent elites who lie at ease, feast, and ignore the consequences for society—parallels Ezekiel's charges of pride, abundant food, and failure to care for the needy.
  • Proverbs 28:27 (verbal): Affirms the moral consequence of ignoring the poor—'he who closes his eyes to them'—echoing Ezekiel's indictment that Sodom 'did not hold up the hand of the poor and needy.'
  • Matthew 25:31–46 (thematic): Jesus' judgment scene condemns those who fail to feed, clothe, and care for the needy; thematically parallels Ezekiel's linking of communal piety with concrete care for the vulnerable.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom: arrogance, abundant food, and careless ease were hers and her daughters; yet she did not strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.
  • Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom: pride, fullness of bread, and careless ease were hers and her daughters; but she did not aid the poor and needy.
50 They were haughty and did an abomination before me; therefore I removed them when I saw it.

Eze.16.50 - Details

Translation

They were haughty and did an abomination before me; therefore I removed them when I saw it.

Original Text

ותגבהינה ותעשינה תועבה לפני ואסיר אתהן כאשר ראיתי׃

Morphology

  • ותגבהינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • ותעשינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • תועבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לפני: PREP
  • ואסיר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • אתהן: PART+PRON,3,f,pl
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • ראיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:49 (verbal): Immediate context: verse 49 names Sodom’s pride and prosperous ease, while 16:50 repeats the language of haughtiness and ‘abominations,’ linking those sins to God’s removal.
  • Genesis 19:4–13 (structural): Narrative account of Sodom’s sexual violence and the men’s intent to commit a violent outrage; provides the canonical background for Ezekiel’s charge of ‘abominations’ and divine punishment.
  • Leviticus 18:24–25 (allusion): Leviticus lists sexual practices as ‘abominations’ that defile the land and bring divine expulsion—language and theological rationale echoed in Ezekiel’s charge and judgment.
  • Deuteronomy 29:22–23 (thematic): Warning that lands defiled by abominations will become a burning waste and be ‘vomited out’ by the Lord—parallels Ezekiel’s link between communal abominations and God’s decisive removal.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They were haughty and committed abomination before me; therefore I removed them when I saw it.
  • They were haughty and committed abomination before me; therefore I removed them when I saw it.
51 Samaria did not commit half your sins, yet you have multiplied your abominations more than they and justified your sisters by all the abominations which you have done.

Eze.16.51 - Details

Translation

Samaria did not commit half your sins, yet you have multiplied your abominations more than they and justified your sisters by all the abominations which you have done.

Original Text

ושמרון כחצי חטאתיך לא חטאה ותרבי את־ תועבותיך מהנה ותצדקי את־ אחותיך בכל־ תועבותיך אשר עשית׃

Morphology

  • ושמרון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כחצי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חטאתיך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2fs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • חטאה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותרבי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • תועבותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2,m,sg
  • מהנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,pl
  • ותצדקי: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אחותיך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2fs
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תועבותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:52 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same pericope: repeats the claim that Samaria did not commit even half of Jerusalem’s sins and adds the comparison with Sodom (direct verbal/theme repetition).
  • Ezekiel 23:2–5, 23:19–21 (allusion): The allegory of the two sisters (Oholah = Samaria, Oholibah = Jerusalem) develops the same motif: Samaria’s whoredom is condemned, but Jerusalem’s prostitution and abominations are depicted as worse.
  • 2 Kings 17:7–23 (thematic): Narrative account of Samaria’s idolatry and exile — provides background for Samaria’s sins and why Samaria is often used as a benchmark of unfaithfulness, underscoring Ezekiel’s claim that Jerusalem exceeded even Samaria in guilt.
  • Isaiah 1:21–23 (thematic): Isaiah depicts Jerusalem as a once-faithful city turned into a ‘whore’ whose leaders are corrupt — similar imagery and moral indictment of Jerusalem’s multiplied abominations compared with other cities.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Samaria did not commit half of your sins, yet you have multiplied your abominations more than they, and have justified your sisters by all your abominations which you have done.
  • Samaria did not commit half of your sins; yet you have multiplied your abominations more than they, and have justified your sisters by all your abominations that you have done.
52 When you are justified by your sisters, though you had a greater shame than they—was your sister not shamed by your conduct in your prostitution?

Eze.16.52 - Details

Translation

When you are justified by your sisters, though you had a greater shame than they—was your sister not shamed by your conduct in your prostitution?

Original Text

גם־ את ׀ שאי כלמתך אשר פללת לאחותך בחטאתיך אשר־ התעבת מהן תצדקנה ממך וגם־ את בושי ושאי כלמתך בצדקתך אחיותך׃

Morphology

  • גם: ADV
  • את: PRT,acc
  • שאי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
  • כלמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,f,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • פללת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • לאחותך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,f,sg
  • בחטאתיך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,f,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • התעבת: VERB,hitp,perf,2,f,sg
  • מהן: PREP+PRON,3,f,pl
  • תצדקנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • וגם: CONJ
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בושי: VERB,qal,imper,2,f,sg
  • ושאי: CONJ+VERB,qal,imper,2,f,sg
  • כלמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,f,sg
  • בצדקתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons+2ms
  • אחיותך: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2,f,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 23:1-49 (structural): Parallel extended allegory of two sisters (Oholah/Oholibah = Samaria/Jerusalem) whose sexual unfaithfulness brings mutual shame and parallel punishments; same sister-motif and judicial outcome.
  • Ezekiel 16:46-51 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the chapter that names the 'elder sister' Samaria and contrasts her punishment with Jerusalem’s, using similar language about sisterly guilt and shared shame.
  • 2 Kings 17:7-23 (thematic): Narrative account of Israel's (Samaria’s) sins leading to exile—theme of national unfaithfulness and divine judgment that also explains Judah/Jerusalem’s fate in Ezekiel.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-11 (thematic): God’s breaking off/putting away of unfaithful Israel and the comparison with Judah; similar legal/marital imagery about two sister-entities and consequences for infidelity.
  • Hosea 2:2-13 (thematic): Uses marriage/harlotry imagery to describe Israel’s apostasies and resulting punishment and shame—echoes Ezekiel’s portrayal of Jerusalem’s sexualized unfaithfulness and judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When you bear your shame and are ashamed because of all that you have done, then you will say, ‘I am innocent,’ when you compare your shame with that of your sisters; you will be shamed by the judgments you pass.
  • You are the one who disgraced your elder sister by all your sins which you committed, for your repulsive things were greater than hers; you justified your sisters by all the abominations which you have done.
53 Behold, I will restore their captives—the captives of Sodom and her daughters, and the captives of Samaria and her daughters—and your captives shall return to you.

Eze.16.53 - Details

Translation

Behold, I will restore their captives—the captives of Sodom and her daughters, and the captives of Samaria and her daughters—and your captives shall return to you.

Original Text

ושבתי את־ שביתהן את־ שבות סדם ובנותיה ואת־ שבות שמרון ובנותיה ושבות שביתיך בתוכהנה׃

Morphology

  • ושבתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • שביתהן: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • שבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • סדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובנותיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • שבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • שמרון: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ובנותיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ושבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • שביתיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בתוכהנה: PREP

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:48 (verbal): Uses the same Sodom analogy: Ezekiel explicitly calls Sodom your 'sister,' establishing the comparison that frames the promise to restore captives in 16:53.
  • Ezekiel 16:55 (structural): Direct continuation of the restoration motif: promises that when Sodom and Samaria return to their former state, Jerusalem and her daughters will also be restored — closely tied to the return of captives in 16:53.
  • Isaiah 61:7 (thematic): Promises reversal of shame and restoration (double for shame), echoing Ezekiel's theme of recompense and restoration for Jerusalem and her people after judgment.
  • Amos 9:14-15 (thematic): Foretells restoration of the fortunes of Israel and return from exile with rebuilding and possession of land, paralleling Ezekiel’s pledge to restore the captives and reestablish the people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And I will restore their captives, the captives of Sodom and her daughters and the captives of Samaria and her daughters, and the captives of your own land shall return among them.
  • When I bring back their captives, the captives of Sodom and her daughters, and the captives of Samaria and her daughters, then will you be returned to your own land with your sisters.
54 That you may bear your shame and be put to shame for all that you have done, when I have pacified you for all that you have done.

Eze.16.54 - Details

Translation

That you may bear your shame and be put to shame for all that you have done, when I have pacified you for all that you have done.

Original Text

למען תשאי כלמתך ונכלמת מכל אשר עשית בנחמך אתן׃

Morphology

  • למען: PREP
  • תשאי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • כלמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ונכלמת: VERB,nifal,perf,2,f,sg
  • מכל: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • בנחמך: PREP
  • אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:61 (verbal): Same judicial motif and wording — God declares punishment 'that you may remember and be confounded' and not open your mouth because of shame; closely parallels the purpose language of 16:54.
  • Ezekiel 16:63 (structural): Concluding covenantal/forensic formula in the chapter — speaks of bringing shame on Jerusalem for her deeds (mentions her 'sisters' and shame), echoing the punitive outcome stated in 16:54.
  • Ezekiel 23:37–49 (thematic): Parallel allegory of two adulterous sisters (Israel and Judah) in which God pronounces judgment that they will bear shame for their sexual and idolatrous sins; repeats the theme of exposure, disgrace, and public humiliation found in 16:54.
  • Isaiah 47:7–11 (thematic): Isaiah pronounces humiliation on the proud city (Babylon) so that it 'shall be a reproach and a derision' — thematically parallel in depicting divine overthrow intended to bring shame and confounding of the proud, as in Ezek.16:54.
  • Nahum 3:5–7 (thematic): Announcement of Nineveh’s fall and the resulting disgrace — onlookers mock and the city is exposed and shamed, echoing the outcome God declares for Jerusalem in Ezek.16:54.

Alternative generated candidates

  • That you may bear your shame and be ashamed of all that you have done in that you are comforted—yes, that you may be humiliated and take no comfort in your sisters.
  • I will restore to you your former shame, and you shall receive your disgrace and be ashamed because of all that you have done.
55 Your sisters Sodom and her daughters shall return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former state; and you and your daughters shall return to your former state.

Eze.16.55 - Details

Translation

Your sisters Sodom and her daughters shall return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former state; and you and your daughters shall return to your former state.

Original Text

ואחותיך סדם ובנותיה תשבן לקדמתן ושמרון ובנותיה תשבן לקדמתן ואת ובנותיך תשבינה לקדמתכן׃

Morphology

  • ואחותיך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • סדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובנותיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • תשבן: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • לקדמתן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ושמרון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ובנותיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • תשבן: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • לקדמתן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • ובנותיך: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • תשבינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • לקדמתכן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:53 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same passage: repeats the same restoration formula about Sodom, Samaria, and Jerusalem returning to their former state (nearly identical wording).
  • Ezekiel 16:46 (allusion): Introduces the motif of Jerusalem's 'sister' Sodom and frames the comparison that culminates in the restoration statement of 16:55.
  • Deuteronomy 30:3 (thematic): Promise that when Israel returns to the LORD, God will restore their fortunes and bring them back—same theme of return/restoration to a former condition.
  • Isaiah 1:26 (thematic): Divine promise to 'restore... as at the first' (judges/condition), echoing the language and theme of returning to a prior state.
  • Jeremiah 3:14 (thematic): Call to 'return' and promise of restoration for backsliding Israel—parallels the motif of repentance followed by return to a former, restored condition.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Your sisters Sodom and her daughters will return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters will return to their former state, and you and your daughters shall return to your former state.
  • Your sisters, Sodom and her daughters, shall return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former state, and you and your daughters shall return to your former state.
56 Then you will not bear your shame in saying before them, ‘I am more righteous than they,’ when you make your wisdom false.

Eze.16.56 - Details

Translation

Then you will not bear your shame in saying before them, ‘I am more righteous than they,’ when you make your wisdom false.

Original Text

ולוא היתה סדם אחותך לשמועה בפיך ביום גאוניך׃

Morphology

  • ולוא: CONJ_NEG
  • היתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • סדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחותך: NOUN,f,sg,cs,2ms
  • לשמועה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בפיך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2ms
  • ביום: PREP
  • גאוניך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:46 (verbal): Directly linked verse within the same chapter that first names Samaria and Sodom as Jerusalem's 'sisters' — the immediate verbal parallel to 16:56's comparison.
  • Ezekiel 16:49 (verbal): Explicit identification of Sodom's sin as pride/abundance and failure to aid the poor — echoes and explains the phrase 'day of your pride' in 16:56.
  • Ezekiel 16:52 (structural): Continues the judicial logic of the Sodom-comparison, announcing that Jerusalem will be treated like Sodom — a structural continuation of the reproach in 16:56.
  • Isaiah 1:9 (thematic): Uses Sodom as the paradigmatic example of a city under divine judgment (’we would have been like Sodom’), paralleling Ezekiel’s use of Sodom to shame Jerusalem.
  • Genesis 19:24-25 (thematic): The narrative account of Sodom's destruction by brimstone and fire provides the historical/theological backdrop for Ezekiel’s comparison and implied threat of similar judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For your sister Sodom was not mentioned by your mouth in the day of your pride.
  • Your sister Sodom shall not be mentioned by your mouth in the day of your pride.
57 Before your wickedness is uncovered—before your shame is revealed like that of the daughters of Syria and all who round about her, the daughters of the Philistines who are ashamed because of you—

Eze.16.57 - Details

Translation

Before your wickedness is uncovered—before your shame is revealed like that of the daughters of Syria and all who round about her, the daughters of the Philistines who are ashamed because of you—

Original Text

בטרם תגלה רעתך כמו עת חרפת בנות־ ארם וכל־ סביבותיה בנות פלשתים השאטות אותך מסביב׃

Morphology

  • בטרם: PREP
  • תגלה: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • רעתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m
  • כמו: PREP
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • חרפת: NOUN,f,sg,const
  • בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ארם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • סביבותיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3s
  • בנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • פלשתים: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • השאטות: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • מסביב: ADV,loc

Parallels

  • Isaiah 47:3-4 (thematic): Prophetic taunt against a city (Babylon) whose 'nakedness' is uncovered and who is put to shame — parallel motif of a city's public exposure and humiliation.
  • Nahum 3:5 (verbal): God declares He will 'discover thy skirts' (expose nakedness) as judgment — closely parallels the language of exposing a nation's shame.
  • Ezekiel 16:39 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same chapter: God hands Jerusalem over to surrounding peoples who will disgrace and expose her — same context of neighboring 'daughters' witnessing her shame.
  • Hosea 2:3 (thematic): Uses the image of stripping/being made naked as punishment for Israel's harlotry (idolatry) — thematic parallel of nakedness as divine humiliation for unfaithfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Before you had uncovered your shame you were ashamed; now you have become the object of derision to the daughters of the neighboring peoples—those round about who despise you.
  • Before you uncover your lewdness like a harlot and discover your shame, you were the talk of the daughters of the nations around you—daughters of the Philistines who were ashamed by your conduct.
58 you have borne your lewdness and your abominations, declares the LORD.

Eze.16.58 - Details

Translation

you have borne your lewdness and your abominations, declares the LORD.

Original Text

את־ זמתך ואת־ תועבותיך את נשאתים נאם יהוה׃

Morphology

  • את: PRT,acc
  • זמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2fs
  • ואת: CONJ
  • תועבותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נשאתים: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:52 (verbal): Same accusation and wording earlier in the chapter—Jerusalem will 'bear the punishment / bear your lewdness and your abominations,' repeating the charge of sexual sin and its consequences.
  • Ezekiel 23:36-37 (thematic): Parallel allegory of Israel's (Oholah/Oholibah) prostitution: explicit charges of lewdness and abomination and the declaration that they shall suffer for those acts.
  • Leviticus 18:24-28 (thematic): Legal/prophetic principle that engaging in the sexual 'abominations' defiles the land and brings divine punishment—background for Ezekiel's charge that Israel must 'bear' her abominations.
  • Jeremiah 2:22 (allusion): Jeremiah uses prostitution imagery and the language of inescapable defilement ('the stain of your iniquity is before me'), echoing Ezekiel’s theme that Israel must bear the consequences of her sexual sins.
  • Psalm 106:39 (thematic): Describes the people being defiled and 'playing the harlot' with their own deeds and suffering for those abominations, thematically resonant with Ezekiel's declaration.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You bear your lewdness and your abominations, declares the LORD.
  • You have borne your lewdness and your abominations, declares the LORD.
59 For thus says the Lord GOD: I will deal with you as you have done, you who have despised the oath in breaking the covenant.

Eze.16.59 - Details

Translation

For thus says the Lord GOD: I will deal with you as you have done, you who have despised the oath in breaking the covenant.

Original Text

כי כה אמר אדני יהוה ועשיתי אותך כאשר עשית אשר־ בזית אלה להפר ברית׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • כה: ADV
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ועשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
  • אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • כאשר: CONJ
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בזית: PREP,dem,f,sg
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • להפר: PREP+VERB,hif,inf
  • ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 34:18-20 (verbal): Uses almost identical legal language: God declares He will punish those who 'transgressed/broke my covenant.' Both verses address divine retribution for covenant-breaking.
  • Hosea 6:7 (verbal): States 'like men they transgressed the covenant'—a concise verbal parallel emphasizing human treachery against the covenantal oath, similar to Ezek.16:59's charge of despising the oath.
  • Leviticus 26:27-39 (thematic): Part of the Deuteronomic/Priestly covenant curse tradition: lists punitive measures for covenant breach. The theme of God repaying nations for covenant violation echoes Ezek.16:59's 'I will do to you as you have done.'
  • Ezekiel 16:60 (structural): Immediate literary continuation: after declaring punishment for covenant-breaking (v.59), v.60 balances judgment with God's pledge to remember His covenant—shows the chapter's dialectic of retribution and covenant faithfulness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For thus says the Lord GOD: I will deal with you as you have done, you who despised the oath by breaking the covenant.
  • For thus says the Lord GOD: I will deal with you as you have done, you who despised the oath by breaking the covenant.
60 Yet I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish for you an everlasting covenant.

Eze.16.60 - Details

Translation

Yet I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish for you an everlasting covenant.

Original Text

וזכרתי אני את־ בריתי אותך בימי נעוריך והקמותי לך ברית עולם׃

Morphology

  • וזכרתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בריתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss1,sg
  • אותך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • בימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • נעוריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2s
  • והקמותי: VERB,hif,perf,1,_,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:7 (verbal): God promises to 'establish my covenant' with Abraham and his offspring, using the language of an 'everlasting covenant' similar to Ezekiel's wording.
  • Genesis 9:16 (verbal): After the Flood God says he will 'remember' his covenant (symbolized by the rainbow), echoing Ezekiel's 'I will remember my covenant with you.'
  • Isaiah 55:3 (verbal): God invites Israel to listen and declares 'I will make with you an everlasting covenant,' closely paralleling the explicit phrase in Ezekiel 16:60.
  • Jeremiah 32:40 (thematic): God promises restoration and fidelity—'I will make an everlasting covenant with them'—reflecting Ezekiel's theme of divine remembrance and a renewed, enduring covenant.
  • Hosea 2:19-20 (allusion): God's betrothal imagery—'I will betroth you unto me for ever'—uses covenantal/nuptial language and the idea of an enduring commitment that underlies Ezekiel's covenantal promise.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish for you an everlasting covenant.
  • Yet I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish an everlasting covenant with you.
61 Then you shall remember your ways and be ashamed when you take up your sisters—those older and those younger than you—and I give them to you as daughters, but not by my covenant.

Eze.16.61 - Details

Translation

Then you shall remember your ways and be ashamed when you take up your sisters—those older and those younger than you—and I give them to you as daughters, but not by my covenant.

Original Text

וזכרת את־ דרכיך ונכלמת בקחתך את־ אחותיך הגדלות ממך אל־ הקטנות ממך ונתתי אתהן לך לבנות ולא מבריתך׃

Morphology

  • וזכרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דרכיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ונכלמת: VERB,niphal,perf,2,f,sg
  • בקחתך: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אחותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • הגדלות: ADJ,f,pl,def
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • הקטנות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ונתתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • אתהן: PART+PRON,3,f,pl
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לבנות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • מבריתך: PREP

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:59–63 (structural): Immediate context/continuation of the same allegory: the divine summons to remember, shame, the taking/giving of daughters to sisters, and the promise of recompense and recognition of YHWH.
  • Ezekiel 23:1–49 (verbal): A closely related Ezekiel allegory about two sisters (Oholah/Oholibah) whose sexual unfaithfulness leads to being given over to others; uses similar sister‑imagery and language of disgrace and handing over.
  • Jeremiah 3:8–9 (thematic): Portrays Israel’s unfaithfulness and God ‘giving’ unfaithful Israel to her lovers (nations) as punishment—paralleling the motif of daughters/sisters being handed over and the shame of adultery.
  • Hosea 2:5–13 (cf. 2:19–20) (thematic): Hosea frames Israel’s idolatry as marital adultery: consequences include loss, exposure and being given over; the book also contrasts that punishment with a later covenantal betrothal (cf. ‘not by covenant’ in Ezek.16:61).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then you shall remember your ways and be ashamed when you receive your sisters—those older and those younger—whom you loved more than yourself, and you gave them to be mine instead of my covenant.
  • Then you shall remember your ways and be ashamed when you receive your sisters—the elder and the younger—and I give them to you as daughters, but not by my covenant.
62 I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall know that I am the LORD.

Eze.16.62 - Details

Translation

I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall know that I am the LORD.

Original Text

והקימותי אני את־ בריתי אתך וידעת כי־ אני יהוה׃

Morphology

  • והקימותי: VERB,hiphil,perf,1,_,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בריתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss1,sg
  • אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • וידעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:7 (verbal): Uses the covenant formula 'I will establish my covenant with you' — a foundational promise of God to Abraham and descendants that echoes Ezekiel's pledge to Israel.
  • Exodus 6:7 (verbal): Includes the clause 'and you shall know that I am the LORD' as assurance tied to God's saving and covenant actions, mirroring the language and purpose of Ezekiel 16:62.
  • Leviticus 26:12 (thematic): Promises God's presence ('I will walk among you and be your God') linking divine presence and covenant relationship to Israel's recognition of the LORD, thematically parallel to Ezekiel's covenant promise.
  • Jeremiah 31:33-34 (thematic): Speaks of a renewed covenant and concludes with 'they shall all know me', echoing Ezekiel's emphasis on covenantal knowledge of the LORD as the outcome of God's commitment.
  • Ezekiel 16:60 (verbal): Immediate internal parallel in the same chapter: God earlier promises to 'remember my covenant with you', providing the direct contextual basis for the declaration in 16:62.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall know that I am the LORD.
  • And I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall know that I am the LORD.
63 And you shall remember and be ashamed and never open your mouth again because of your shame, when I pardon you for all that you have done, declares the Lord GOD.

Eze.16.63 - Details

Translation

And you shall remember and be ashamed and never open your mouth again because of your shame, when I pardon you for all that you have done, declares the Lord GOD.

Original Text

למען תזכרי ובשת ולא יהיה־ לך עוד פתחון פה מפני כלמתך בכפרי־ לך לכל־ אשר עשית נאם אדני יהוה׃

Morphology

  • למען: PREP
  • תזכרי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • ובשת: VERB,qal,perf,2,f,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • עוד: ADV
  • פתחון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פה: ADV
  • מפני: PREP
  • כלמתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2f
  • בכפרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+1s
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • לכל: PREP
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 16:61-62 (structural): Immediate context: the promise of mercy and restoration that precedes v.63; v.63 functions as the concluding summons that she will remember, be ashamed, and be silenced after God forgives her.
  • Ezekiel 36:31 (verbal): Closely parallels the language and theme of remembering past evil and being humiliated/loathing oneself as part of God's restorative action ('you shall remember your evil ways... and loathe yourselves').
  • Psalm 39:9 (Heb. 38:13) (verbal): Shares the striking motif and wording of enforced silence—'I am mute; I do not open my mouth'—echoing Ezek.16:63's 'you shall not open your mouth anymore.'
  • Jeremiah 3:25 (thematic): Communal confession and the image of lying down in shame because of sin parallel Ezekiel's theme that remembering God's judgment leads to shame and contrition before restoration.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And you shall remember and be ashamed, and never open your mouth again because of your shame, when I forgive you for all that you have done, declares the Lord GOD.
  • And I will cause you to remember and be ashamed, and never open your mouth again because of your disgrace, when I atone for you for all that you have done, declares the Lord GOD.

And the word of the LORD came to me, saying:

Son of man, declare to Jerusalem her abominations,

and say, Thus says the Lord GOD to Jerusalem: Your origin and your birth— I made you; of the land of the Canaanite I bore you; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

When you were born your umbilical cord was not cut, you were not washed with water to cleanse you, you were not salted with salt, and you were not swaddled with cloths.

No eye had pity on you to do any of these things for you out of compassion; you were cast out into the open field because of the abhorrence of your person on the day you were born.

Then I passed by and saw you wallowing in your blood, and I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’ I said to you in your blood, ‘Live!’

I made you grow like a plant of the field; you grew and came to full maturity and arrived at the time for love. Your breasts were formed and your hair had grown, yet you were naked and bare.

Then I passed by and saw you—and behold, the time of love had come—I spread my skirt over you and covered your nakedness; I made a covenant with you and you became mine, declares the Lord GOD.

I bathed you with water, washed away your blood from you, and anointed you with oil.

I clothed you with embroidery, shod you with fine leather, and bound you with fine linen and silk.

I adorned you with ornaments; I put bracelets on your hands and a necklace around your neck.

I put a ring on your nose, earrings on your ears, and a glorious crown on your head. Thus you were adorned with gold and silver; your clothing was fine linen, silk, and broidered cloth; you ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You became very beautiful and exceeded in splendor because of my glory which I had bestowed upon you, declares the Lord GOD. So you became famous among the nations for your beauty, for the splendor that I had given you made your beauty perfect, declares the Lord GOD. But you trusted in your beauty and played the harlot because of your fame; you poured out your harlotries on every passerby who would have them.

You took some of your garments and made for yourself high places, and you committed harlotry on them; your beauty was not used for you, neither would it be.

You took your fine jewelry of my gold and my silver, which I had given you, and you made for yourself male images and played the harlot with them.

You took your embroidered garments and covered them; you set my oil and my incense before them. And the bread which I gave you—fine flour, oil, and honey—which fed you, you set it before them as a pleasing aroma; and it was declared to me, declares the Lord GOD.

You took your sons and your daughters whom you bore to me and sacrificed them to be devoured. Were your sacrifices pleasant, declares the Lord GOD?

You slaughtered my children and delivered them up to cause them to pass through the fire to them.

In all your abominations and harlotries you did not remember the days of your youth, when you were naked and bare, wallowing in your blood. And after all your wickedness—woe, woe to you, declares the Lord GOD.

You built yourself a high place and made yourself a shrine in every street.

You built your high places at every head of the way and made your beauty an abomination, and spread your legs to every passerby; you multiplied your harlotries.

You played the harlot with the Egyptians, your neighbors, of large flesh; and you multiplied your harlotries to provoke me.

Behold therefore I stretched out my hand against you and diminished your allotment; I delivered you to the will of those who hate you, the daughters of the Philistines, who were ashamed at your lewd way.

You also played the harlot with the Assyrians, because you were not satisfied with them.

You multiplied your harlotries to the land of the Chaldeans, and yet you were not satisfied.

What will you gain by harlotry, O daughter? You adulteress—domineering mistress!

You built your frontage at the head of every way and made your high places in every street; yet you were not like a harlot to lessen the shame.

As is the wife who commits adultery under her husband, so you took strangers in your affections.

Men give gifts to all harlots, but you gave your gifts to all your lovers, bribing them to come to you from every side for your harlotries. So your sisters, your neighbors—large of flesh—were the opposite of you in your harlotries; they were not soliciting after men, but you gave your gifts and yet were not satisfied.

Therefore, O harlot, hear the word of the Lord. Thus says the Lord GOD: Because your filth was poured out and your nakedness was uncovered in your harlotries with your lovers and with all the idols of your abominations, and by the blood of your children, which you gave to them,

therefore, behold, I will gather all your lovers, with whom you took pleasure, and all those you loved—yes, I will gather them from all around and will expose your nakedness to them, and they shall see all your nakedness.

I will judge you with the judgments of reproach and with the judgments of those who practice harlotry; I will bring upon you the blood of wrath and jealousy.

I will give you over into their hands, and they shall tear down your towers and break down your high places; they shall strip you of your clothes and take your beautiful ornaments and leave you naked and bare.

They shall bring a mob against you and stone you with stones and thrust you through with their swords.

They shall burn your houses with fire and execute judgments upon you in the sight of many women; I will turn you into an object of horror and you shall no more be comforted nor receive any more gifts. And I will lay my wrath upon you, my jealousy shall depart from you; I will be still and will be no more angry.

Because you did not remember the days of your youth, but enraged me with all these things—and I had given you the beginning of your life, when you were young—yet you acted treacherously in all your abominations.

Behold, all who so judge you will judge you, saying, ‘As one reproaches a mother, so is your mother reproached.’

Your mother was an older woman and your nativity a woman of monstrous origin; your father was an Amorite and your mother a Hittite.

Your elder sister is Samaria and her daughters who dwell with her; your younger sister, who dwells to your right, is Sodom and her daughters.

Yet you did not walk in their ways, nor act according to their abominations; you were more corrupt than they in all your ways.

As I live, declares the Lord GOD, your sister Sodom and her daughters did not do as you and your daughters have done.

Behold, this was the guilt of your sister Sodom: pride, abundant food, and unconcerned security was in her and her daughters; yet she did not strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.

They were haughty and did an abomination before me; therefore I removed them when I saw it.

Samaria did not commit half your sins, yet you have multiplied your abominations more than they and justified your sisters by all the abominations which you have done.

When you are justified by your sisters, though you had a greater shame than they—was your sister not shamed by your conduct in your prostitution?

Behold, I will restore their captives—the captives of Sodom and her daughters, and the captives of Samaria and her daughters—and your captives shall return to you.

That you may bear your shame and be put to shame for all that you have done, when I have pacified you for all that you have done.

Your sisters Sodom and her daughters shall return to their former state, and Samaria and her daughters shall return to their former state; and you and your daughters shall return to your former state.

Then you will not bear your shame in saying before them, ‘I am more righteous than they,’ when you make your wisdom false.

Before your wickedness is uncovered—before your shame is revealed like that of the daughters of Syria and all who round about her, the daughters of the Philistines who are ashamed because of you—

you have borne your lewdness and your abominations, declares the LORD.

For thus says the Lord GOD: I will deal with you as you have done, you who have despised the oath in breaking the covenant.

Yet I will remember my covenant with you in the days of your youth, and I will establish for you an everlasting covenant.

Then you shall remember your ways and be ashamed when you take up your sisters—those older and those younger than you—and I give them to you as daughters, but not by my covenant.

I will establish my covenant with you, and you shall know that I am the LORD. And you shall remember and be ashamed and never open your mouth again because of your shame, when I pardon you for all that you have done, declares the Lord GOD.