A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace
Isaiah 9:1-7
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Revelation
Isa.9.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ההלכים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בחשך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ראו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- צלמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נגה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 4:15-16 (quotation): Matthew explicitly cites Isaiah 9:1-2 (in the context of Galilee) to show the people 'who sat in darkness' have seen a 'great light' fulfilled in Jesus' ministry.
- Luke 1:78-79 (verbal): Zechariah's song echoes Isaiah's language—'to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death'—applying the motif of light breaking into darkness to the coming of salvation.
- John 8:12 (thematic): Jesus' declaration 'I am the light of the world' develops the same motif of deliverance from darkness into light as Isaiah 9:1.
- Isaiah 60:1 (allusion): Another Isaianic passage using the image of light's arrival ('Arise, shine, for your light has come'), reinforcing the prophetic theme of darkness replaced by saving light.
- 1 Peter 2:9 (thematic): The New Testament description of believers called 'out of darkness into his marvelous light' echoes Isaiah's motif of a people rescued from darkness into light.
Alternative generated candidates
- The people who walk in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwell in a land of deep darkness, upon them a light has shined.
- The people who walk in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwell in a land of deep darkness, on them a light has shone.
Isa.9.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הרבית: VERB,hif,perf,2,m,sg
- הגוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- הגדלת: NOUN,f,pl,def
- השמחה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- שמחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
- לפניך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- כשמחת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בקציר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- יגילו: VERB,qal,impf,3,mp
- בחלקם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- שלל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 9:1 (structural): Immediate context: contrasts the former gloom of Galilee and Zebulun with the coming light; 9:1–2 form a unit announcing deliverance and light for those in darkness.
- Matthew 4:14-16 (quotation): Direct NT quotation/applicaton of Isa.9:1–2 (Galilee of the Gentiles); Matthew attributes Jesus' ministry to the fulfillment of the people seeing a great light.
- Luke 1:78-79 (allusion): Zechariah's prophecy about God 'to give light to those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death' echoes the Isaiah motif and applies it to the coming deliverance through God's mercy.
- John 1:4-9 (verbal): The Johannine motif 'light shines in the darkness' parallels Isaiah's language of great light breaking into darkness and frames Jesus as the life/light overcoming darkness.
- Isaiah 60:1-3 (thematic): Shares the theme of divine light dispelling darkness and nations coming to that light; both passages use sunrise imagery to describe salvation's world-transforming effect.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have multiplied the nation; you have increased their joy. They rejoice before you as in the gladness of harvest, as men exult when they divide the spoil.
- You have increased the nation; you have increased its joy. They rejoice before you as at the harvest, as men exult when they divide the spoil.
Isa.9.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- את: PRT,acc
- על: PREP
- סבלו: NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
- ואת: CONJ
- מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שכמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנגש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- החתת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- כיום: ADV
- מדין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isa.9.2 (structural): Immediate context: the promise of a great light and end of darkness (9:2) sets up the deliverance celebrated in 9:3—joy like harvest and dividing the spoil as the effect of that salvation.
- Isa.9.6 (structural): Closely linked unit: the exalted rule of the child (9:6) explains the political and spiritual transformation whose coming produces the rejoicing described in 9:3.
- Psalm 98:4-7 (thematic): Triumphant, communal praise for Yahweh’s saving acts using exuberant imagery (shouts, trumpets, sea and rivers) parallels 9:3’s celebration of national joy at deliverance and victory.
- Psalm 126:5-6 (verbal): Uses harvest and sowing imagery to describe the return from distress and ensuing joy—parallels 9:3’s simile of rejoicing ‘as at the harvest’ and the theme of restoration and gladness.
- Isaiah 61:10 (thematic): Exultant language about garments of salvation and rejoicing like a bridegroom/bride echoes 9:3’s emphasis on exuberant public joy as the fruit of God’s vindication and restoration.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the yoke of his burden and the staff of his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor—you have broken them as on the day of Midian.
- For you have broken the yoke of his burden and the staff on his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor; you have broken it as on the day of Midian.
Isa.9.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כל: DET
- סאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- סאן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברעש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושמלה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מגוללה: PTCP,qal,pass,f,sg
- בדמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- לשרפה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מאכלת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Judges 7:22 (allusion): Isaiah’s phrase ‘as in the day of Midian’ echoes Gideon’s rout of the Midianites; Judges 7:22 describes Israel’s sudden victory that broke the oppressor’s power, a historical prototype for the deliverance Isaiah predicts.
- Isaiah 10:27 (verbal): Both verses use the language of breaking the yoke/burden of oppression; Isaiah 10:27 proclaims the yoke will be removed, paralleling 9:4’s theme of liberation from the oppressor’s rod.
- Isaiah 63:3–6 (thematic): Shared imagery of bloodied garments and divine vengeance: 9:4 speaks of garments rolled in blood set ablaze as fuel, while 63:3–6 depicts the Lord trampling nations and garments stained with blood—both portray violent judgment and vindication.
- Revelation 19:13 (thematic): Revelation’s image of the rider with a robe dipped in blood echoes Isaiah’s bloodied-garment motif linking warfare, judgment, and victory; both texts use bloodied clothing to signify decisive, destructive action against foes.
Alternative generated candidates
- For every boot that tramps in battle, and every cloak rolled in blood, will be burning fuel for the fire.
- For every boot of the tramping warrior in the tumult and every garment rolled in blood will be burned as fuel for the fire.
Isa.9.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- ילד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ילד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- המשרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- שכמו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- פלא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יועץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- גבור: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- אביעד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 7:14 (allusion): Both passages speak of a divine sign in a child’s birth; Isaiah 9’s birth formula and royal titles echo the earlier Immanuel motif ('God with us').
- Isaiah 11:1-5 (verbal): Shares language of leadership and Spirit-given qualities (wisdom/counsel, might, righteousness) that correspond to titles like 'Wonderful Counselor' and 'Mighty God.'
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 (thematic): Promises a Davidic ruler of righteousness and peace; echoes Isaiah 9’s messianic kingly titles and hopes for a just, divine ruler.
- Micah 5:2 (thematic): Predicts the birth/origin of a future ruler from David’s line — thematically connects to Isaiah 9’s announcement of a child who will assume sovereign rule.
- Psalm 72:1-7 (thematic): A royal prayer portraying a king who judges in righteousness and brings peace and prosperity — parallels Isaiah 9’s emphasis on righteous rule and the 'Prince of Peace' role.
Alternative generated candidates
- For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; the government will be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called: Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
- For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; the rule is laid upon his shoulder, and his name is called: Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
Isa.9.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- למרבה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המשרה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולשלום: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אין: PART,neg
- קץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- כסא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ממלכתו: NOUN,f,sg,cons+3,m
- להכין: VERB,hiph,inf
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ולסעדה: CONJ+PREP+VERB,hiph,inf+3m
- במשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובצדקה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מעתה: ADV
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קנאת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תעשה: VERB,qal,imf,2,m,sg
- זאת: DEM,f,sg
Parallels
- 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (allusion): God's covenant promise to David to raise up his offspring, establish his throne and kingdom forever — echoes Isaiah's assurance of an enduring Davidic throne.
- Psalm 89:3-4, 29-37 (allusion): Celebrates the eternal Davidic covenant and God's steadfast commitment to David's line and throne, paralleling the idea of an everlasting, righteous rule.
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 (thematic): Prophecy of a righteous 'Branch' from David who will reign wisely and execute justice and righteousness — closely parallels Isaiah's emphasis on justice, righteousness and Davidic rule.
- Micah 5:2-4 (thematic): Predicts a ruler from Bethlehem of David's line whose origins are from of old and who will shepherd and secure the people — echoes the messianic and dynastic themes of Isaiah's verse.
- Luke 1:32-33 (allusion): The angelic promise to Mary that her son will inherit David's throne and that his kingdom will have no end echoes Isaiah's proclamation of an everlasting Davidic kingship fulfilled in the Messiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end, upon the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forward and forevermore; the zeal of the LORD of hosts will accomplish this.
- Of the increase of his rule and of peace there will be no end, upon the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and righteousness from now on and forever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.
Isa.9.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- ביעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונפל: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jer. 23:5-6 (thematic): Speaks of a righteous Davidic 'Branch' who will reign with justice and safety — parallels Isaiah 9:7’s theme of an everlasting, just Davidic kingdom.
- Mic. 5:2 (thematic): Predicts a future ruler from Bethlehem of Judah — complements Isaiah 9:7’s focus on the perpetuation of David’s throne and rule.
- Isa. 11:1-5 (verbal): Develops the same messianic-Davidic motif (a ruler endowed with the Spirit who judges in righteousness), echoing Isaiah 9:7’s emphasis on justice and enduring government.
- Ps. 72:1-7 (thematic): Prayer for a king whose reign brings justice, prosperity and enduring rule — a parallel description of the ideal royal reign found in Isaiah 9:7.
- Luke 1:32-33 (allusion): The angel’s announcement applies the promise of an everlasting throne of David to Jesus, explicitly reading Isaiah’s promise (Isa. 9:7) forward to the Messiah.
Alternative generated candidates
- The word that the LORD sent to Jacob has come— and it has fallen upon Israel.
- A word the LORD has sent into Jacob; it has fallen on Israel.
The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them light has shined.
You have multiplied the nation; you have increased its joy. They rejoice before you as at the harvest, as men exult when they divide the spoil.
For the yoke of his burden, the staff on his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor—you have broken them as on the day of Midian.
For every boot of the tramping warrior in the tumult of battle, and every cloak rolled in blood, will be for burning, fuel for the fire.
For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder. And his name shall be called: Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.
Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end upon the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forth and forever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.
This is the word the LORD has sent into Jacob; it has come upon Israel.