The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End
Mark 13:1-31
Mark.13.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εκπορευομενου: VERB,pres,mid,ptc,gen,sg,m
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ιερου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- μαθητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- αυτου·Διδασκαλε: PRON,gen,sg,m+NOUN,voc,sg,m
- ιδε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,sg
- ποταποι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- λιθοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ποταπαι: ADJ,nom,pl,f
- οικοδομαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:1-2 (verbal): Near-identical wording in Matthew introducing the Olivet Discourse: disciples remark on the temple's stones/buildings and Jesus predicts its destruction.
- Luke 21:5-6 (verbal): Parallel Lukan account: observers comment on the temple's magnificence, prompting Jesus' prophecy about its coming ruin.
- Mark 13:2 (structural): Immediate Markan continuation: Jesus responds to the disciple's remark with the prediction that not one stone will be left upon another.
- John 2:19-21 (thematic): Jesus' statement about destroying and raising the temple (and listeners' misunderstanding) connects thematically to discussions of the temple's fate and identity.
- Psalm 74:3-7 (thematic): A temple lament describing enemies' assault on the sanctuary; thematically parallels vulnerability and destruction of the sacred buildings.
Alternative generated candidates
- And as he went out of the temple, one of his disciples said to him, “Teacher, behold what wonderful stones and what wonderful buildings!”
- As he went out of the temple, one of his disciples said to him, "Teacher, look! What large stones and what buildings!"
Mark.13.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτω·Βλεπεις: PRON,dat,sg,m+VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- ταυτας: PRON,acc,pl,f
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- μεγαλας: ADJ,acc,pl,f
- οικοδομας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- αφεθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- ωδε: ADV
- λιθος: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- λιθον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- καταλυθη: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:2 (verbal): Near- verbatim Synoptic parallel in the Olivet Discourse: Jesus predicts that not one stone will be left upon another of the temple buildings.
- Luke 21:6 (verbal): Another Synoptic parallel with the same wording about the temple stones, linking the saying to the same prophetic discourse.
- Mark 13:1 (structural): Immediate narrative context: the preceding verse notes the disciples’ remark about the temple buildings, setting up Jesus’ prophetic declaration.
- Luke 19:41-44 (thematic): Jesus’ lament over Jerusalem and his prediction of siege and destruction (because the city did not recognize its visitation) thematically parallels the announcement of the temple’s coming ruin.
- Daniel 9:26 (allusion): An Old Testament precedent: the prophecy that peoples will destroy the city and sanctuary provides theological background for expectations of Jerusalem’s and the temple’s destruction.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus said to him, “Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.”
- And Jesus said to him, "Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down."
Mark.13.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- καθημενου: PART,pres,mid,gen,m,sg
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- Ορος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- Ελαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- κατεναντι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ιερου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- επηρωτα: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
- κατ᾽ιδιαν: ADV
- Πετρος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ιακωβος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ιωαννης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- Ανδρεας·: NOUN,nom,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:3 (verbal): Synoptic parallel setting for the Olivet Discourse: Jesus on the Mount of Olives and the disciples privately ask him about the coming signs—same scene and purpose as Mark 13:3.
- Luke 21:37 (structural): Luke likewise places Jesus on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple (he teaches by day in the temple and at night is on the mount), providing a parallel spatial/frame for the discourse though Luke does not replicate the private question in the same verse.
- Mark 14:33 (verbal): Same Gospel locates Peter, James, and John with Jesus on the Mount of Olives (Gethsemane) and highlights the inner circle’s private relationship with Jesus—echoing the naming of disciples at 13:3 and the pattern of private access.
- John 18:1-2 (structural): John describes Jesus crossing the Kidron to a garden at the Mount of Olives (the setting for arrest and private moments with disciples), paralleling Mark’s use of the Mount of Olives as an intimate/significant location for Jesus and his close followers.
- Zechariah 14:4 (thematic): An Old Testament eschatological tradition that places decisive end-time activity on the Mount of Olives; thematically resonates with Mark 13’s apocalyptic discourse delivered from that same mount.
Alternative generated candidates
- And as he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately,
- And as he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter, James, John and Andrew asked him privately,
Mark.13.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Ειπον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
- ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
- ποτε: ADV
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- σημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- οταν: CONJ
- μελλη: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,sg
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- συντελεισθαι: VERB,pres,pass,inf
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:3 (verbal): Direct Synoptic parallel in the Olivet Discourse: the disciples ask when these things will happen and what will be the sign of the end (very similar wording).
- Luke 21:7 (verbal): Lucan parallel to the same question: the disciples ask when these things will occur and what sign will indicate their fulfillment (shared tradition with slight wording differences).
- Matthew 16:1-4 (thematic): Different incident where Jewish leaders demand a sign from Jesus; thematically related to the motif of asking for signs to identify God's action or timing.
- Acts 1:6 (thematic): The disciples ask about the timing of eschatological restoration (‘Lord, will you at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?’), reflecting the same concern for when promised events will be fulfilled.
- Mark 13:32 (structural): Immediate discourse response to questions about timing: Jesus declares the day and hour are unknown to anyone but the Father, shaping the teaching that follows about signs and preparedness.
Alternative generated candidates
- “Tell us, when will these things be? And what will be the sign when all these things are about to be fulfilled?”
- "Tell us, when will these things be? And what will be the sign when all these things are about to be fulfilled?"
Mark.13.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- Ιησους: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ηρξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- λεγειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- αυτοις·Βλεπετε: PRON,dat,pl,3+VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- μη: PART
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- πλανηση·: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:4 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Matthew where Jesus warns, 'Take heed that no one deceive you,' sharing the same wording and intent as Mark 13:5.
- Luke 21:8 (verbal): Luke's parallel uses the same warning formula ('Take heed that you be not deceived'), reflecting the Synoptic tradition of Jesus' caution against deception.
- Mark 13:6 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same discourse; expands the warning by naming false Christs and prophets as the source of deception, showing how Mark 13:5 introduces a sequence of specific threats.
- Matthew 24:11 (thematic): Matthew 24:11 speaks of many false prophets arising and deceiving many, thematically developing the danger of deception that Jesus warns about in Mark 13:5.
- Acts 20:29-30 (thematic): Paul's warning to the Ephesian elders about 'savage wolves' and false teachers who will arise and lead people astray echoes the New Testament concern with deception and false leaders implicit in Mark 13:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- And Jesus began to say to them, “Take heed that no one leads you astray.
- And Jesus began to say to them, "Beware that no one leads you astray.
Mark.13.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- πολλοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- επι: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- ονοματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- λεγοντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,masc
- οτι: CONJ
- Εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
- ειμι: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- και: CONJ
- πολλους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- πλανησουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 24:5 (verbal): Almost identical Synoptic parallel: warns that many will come in Jesus' name claiming he is the Messiah and will deceive many.
- Luke 21:8 (verbal): Close Lukan parallel to Mark 13:6 with the same basic warning about persons coming in Jesus' name and leading people astray.
- Matthew 24:23-24 (verbal): Expands the theme by describing false Christs and false prophets performing signs and wonders to deceive, echoing Mark's concern about widespread deception.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:3 (thematic): Paul's eschatological warning—'let no one deceive you'—reflects the same theme of end-time deception and false messianic claimants that Mark highlights.
Alternative generated candidates
- Many will come in my name, saying, ‘I am he!’ and will lead many astray.
- Many will come in my name, saying, 'I am,' and will lead many astray.
Mark.13.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- οταν: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- ακουσητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- πολεμους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ακοας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- πολεμων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- μη: PART
- θροεισθε·δει: VERB,pres,pass,imp,2,pl+VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- γενεσθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
- αλλ᾽ουπω: CONJ+ADV
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- τελος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:6 (verbal): Synoptic parallel in the Olivet Discourse—almost identical wording about "wars and rumors of wars" and the warning not to be alarmed.
- Luke 21:9 (verbal): Luke's version of the same teaching: reports of wars and disturbances with the same admonition against being terrified.
- John 14:1 (verbal): Shares the same consolatory command (μὴ ταρασσέσθω ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία / "Let not your heart be troubled")—different context but the same imperative reassurance.
- Mark 13:8 (structural): Immediate parallel within the chapter: continues the same theme (nations rising against nations, earthquakes, birth pains) showing Mark's development of why such reports will occur.
- Revelation 6:4 (thematic): The red horse/warlike imagery in Revelation links war imagery to end-time dramas—thematic correspondence to wars as signs in apocalyptic expectation.
Alternative generated candidates
- When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed. These things must take place, but the end is not yet.
- When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed; these things must take place, but the end is not yet.
Mark.13.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- εγερθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- γαρ: PART
- εθνος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- επ᾽εθνος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- βασιλεια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- επι: PREP
- βασιλειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- σεισμοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- κατα: PREP
- τοπους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- λιμοι·αρχη: NOUN,nom,pl,m;NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ωδινων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:7-8 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel: same wording about 'nation against nation, kingdom against kingdom,' famines and earthquakes, and the phrase 'beginning of birth pangs.'
- Luke 21:10-11 (verbal): Luke's version of the Olivet discourse lists wars, earthquakes, and famines as signs preceding tribulation—closely parallels Mark's sequence and theme.
- Revelation 6:3-8 (thematic): Apocalyptic sequence of calamities (war, famine, death) as signs of coming judgment; thematically parallels Mark's listing of strife, famine, and catastrophic upheavals as end-time signs.
- Romans 8:22 (allusion): Uses the metaphor of 'birth pains' (creation groans and suffers) to describe cosmic suffering preceding renewal—parallels Mark's 'beginning of birth pangs' image for the onset of eschatological distress.
Alternative generated candidates
- For nation will rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom; there will be earthquakes in various places, and there will be famines. These are but the beginning of birth-pangs.
- For nation will rise against nation and kingdom against kingdom; there will be earthquakes in various places and famines. These are but the beginning of birth pangs.
Mark.13.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Βλεπετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- δε: CONJ
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- εαυτους·παραδωσουσιν: PRON,acc,pl,3
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- εις: PREP
- συνεδρια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- συναγωγας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- δαρησεσθε: VERB,fut,pass,ind,2,pl
- και: CONJ
- επι: PREP
- ηγεμονων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- βασιλεων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- σταθησεσθε: VERB,fut,pass,ind,2,pl
- ενεκεν: PREP,gen
- εμου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- εις: PREP
- μαρτυριον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
Parallels
- Matthew 10:17-18 (verbal): Closely parallels Mark 13:9 wording and sequence — warns disciples they will be handed over to councils and brought before governors and kings as a testimony for Jesus.
- Luke 21:12-13 (verbal): Luke's parallel to Mark 13:9–11: predicts persecution and being brought before authorities, directed toward bearing witness and giving the Spirit's words.
- Acts 4:5-21 (thematic): Narrates the apostles being taken before the Jewish council (Sanhedrin) and ordered to testify — an early fulfillment/example of Mark's prediction of being brought before councils.
- John 15:20 (thematic): Jesus teaches that persecutors who hated him will hate his followers; thematically echoes Mark 13:9's prediction of hostility and public testimony for Jesus.
- Acts 25:10-12 (thematic): Paul's appeal to Caesar and subsequent transfer to higher authorities reflects the 'before governors and kings' element of Mark 13:9 — an instance of believers standing before secular rulers.
Alternative generated candidates
- But watch yourselves. For they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in synagogues; you will stand before governors and kings for my sake, to bear witness to them.
- But watch yourselves: they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in synagogues; you will stand before governors and kings for my sake, as a testimony to them.
Mark.13.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εις: PREP
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- εθνη: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- πρωτον: ADV
- δει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- κηρυχθηναι: VERB,aor,pass,inf
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ευαγγελιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:14 (verbal): Closely parallels Mark 13:10 in the Olivet discourse: 'this gospel of the kingdom will be proclaimed throughout the world as a testimony to all the nations' — same claim that the gospel must be preached to all nations.
- Luke 24:47 (verbal): Post‑resurrection commission that 'repentance and forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem' — echoes Mark's emphasis on proclamation to all peoples.
- Matthew 28:19-20 (structural): The Great Commission's command to 'make disciples of all nations' corresponds to Mark's universal missionary expectation and provides the normative mission framework.
- Acts 1:8 (thematic): Jesus' promise that the disciples will be his witnesses 'in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth' connects Mark's idea of preaching the gospel to all nations with the early church's expansion.
- Romans 1:16 (thematic): Paul's assertion that the gospel is 'the power of God... to the Jew first and also to the Greek' underscores the universal scope of the gospel similar to Mark 13:10's claim that it must be preached to all nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the gospel must first be proclaimed to all the nations.
- And the good news must first be proclaimed to all the nations.
Mark.13.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- οταν: CONJ
- αγωσιν: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,pl
- υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
- παραδιδοντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,masc
- μη: PART
- προμεριμνατε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- λαλησητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- αλλ᾽ο: CONJ
- εαν: CONJ
- δοθη: VERB,aor,pass,subj,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- εν: PREP
- εκεινη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ωρα: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- λαλειτε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- ου: PART,neg
- γαρ: PART
- εστε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- λαλουντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,masc
- αλλα: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αγιον: ADJ,acc,sg,neut
Parallels
- Matthew 10:19-20 (verbal): Near-quotation: Jesus instructs disciples not to worry what to say when delivered up because 'it will be given you in that hour' and 'it is not you who speak, but the Spirit' (Father's Spirit in Matthew).
- Luke 12:11-12 (verbal): Very close parallel wording: do not worry how or what to answer when brought before authorities, for 'the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you ought to say.'
- Luke 21:14-15 (structural): Parallel verse in Luke's version of the Olivet discourse: Jesus tells disciples not to prepare beforehand, promising he will give them 'a mouth and wisdom' to answer adversaries—serving the same function as Mark 13:11 in the discourse context.
- John 14:26 (thematic): Theological parallel: Jesus promises the Helper (Holy Spirit) will teach and remind the disciples, providing the basis for the Spirit's role in giving words when needed (teaching and prompting speech).
- Acts 4:8 (thematic): Illustrative fulfillment: Peter, 'filled with the Holy Spirit,' speaks boldly before the council—an example of the Spirit enabling believers' words in hostile, judicial contexts as promised in Mark 13:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- And when they bring you before synagogues and governors and authorities, do not be anxious beforehand what you are to say or how you are to speak; for in that hour the Holy Spirit will speak in you what you must say.”
- When they bring you to trial, do not worry beforehand about what you are to say; but say whatever is given you in that hour, for it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit.
Mark.13.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- παραδωσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- αδελφος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αδελφον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- θανατον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- πατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τεκνον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- επαναστησονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- τεκνα: NOUN,acc,pl,neut
- επι: PREP
- γονεις: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- θανατωσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- αυτους·: PRON,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Matthew 10:21 (verbal): Nearly identical saying about a brother delivering a brother to death and a father his child; both occur in teaching about persecution and familial betrayal.
- Luke 21:16 (verbal): Close parallel in Luke's eschatological discourse: predicts betrayal by parents and relatives and that some will be put to death.
- Matthew 24:10 (thematic): Deals with end-time betrayal and people betraying one another; shares the same theme of intra-community/familial treachery under persecution.
- Micah 7:6 (allusion): Old Testament background for the motif of domestic enmity—'a man's enemies are the men of his own house'—which Jesus and the Gospel tradition evoke when forecasting family division.
Alternative generated candidates
- And brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child; and children will rise up against parents and put them to death.
- Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; children will rise against parents and put them to death.
Mark.13.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εσεσθε: VERB,fut,act,ind,2,pl
- μισουμενοι: PART,pres,pass,nom,pl,m
- υπο: PREP
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- δια: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ονομα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- υπομεινας: PART,aor,act,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- τελος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- σωθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 10:22 (verbal): Almost identical warning: disciples will be hated for Jesus' name, and the one who endures to the end will be saved (close verbal parallel to Mark 13:13).
- Matthew 24:13 (verbal): Synoptic parallel to Mark 13:13—same promise that endurance to the end results in salvation amid widespread hatred and tribulation.
- Luke 21:17-19 (thematic): Luke records that believers will be hated because of Jesus' name and emphasizes perseverance: 'by your endurance you will gain your lives,' paralleling Mark's promise of salvation for those who endure.
- John 15:18 (thematic): Jesus warns that the world will hate his followers because it hated him first, thematically echoing Mark's 'you will be hated by all because of my name.'
- James 1:12 (thematic): Promises blessing/ reward for persevering under trial—'the one who endures under trial will receive the crown of life'—paralleling Mark's promise that enduring to the end leads to salvation.
Alternative generated candidates
- And you will be hated by all on account of my name. But the one who endures to the end will be saved.
- And you will be hated by all for my name's sake. But the one who endures to the end will be saved.
Mark.13.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Οταν: CONJ
- δε: CONJ
- ιδητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- βδελυγμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ερημωσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εστηκοτα: PART,perf,act,acc,sg,m
- οπου: ADV,rel
- ου: PART,neg
- δει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- αναγινωσκων: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
- νοειτω: VERB,pres,act,impv,3,sg
- τοτε: ADV
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- εν: PREP
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- Ιουδαια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- φευγετωσαν: VERB,pres,mid,impv,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- ορη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:15 (verbal): Synoptic parallel with nearly identical wording—Jesus warns of 'the abomination of desolation' and cites it as the sign for flight, using the same language and context.
- Luke 21:20 (verbal): Luke's account parallels Mark's warning that when Jerusalem is surrounded/defiled, those in Judea must flee; similar eschatological/prophetic instruction with comparable imagery.
- Daniel 11:31 (quotation): Old Testament background for the phrase 'abomination of desolation'—Daniel describes forces taking away daily sacrifice and setting up abominations, which New Testament authors echo.
- Daniel 12:11 (quotation): Contains the specific phrase (in LXX/tradition) about the 'abomination that makes desolate' and the cessation of sacrifice—provides canonical precedent for Jesus' reference.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 (thematic): Paul speaks of a 'man of lawlessness' who exalts himself and sets himself in God's temple—thematically related to New Testament warnings about sacrilege and desecration of sacred space.
Alternative generated candidates
- But when you see the abomination of desolation standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.
- But when you see the abomination that causes desolation standing where it ought not (let the reader understand), then let those in Judea flee to the mountains.
Mark.13.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- επι: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- δωματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- μη: PART
- καταβατω: VERB,pres,act,imp,3,sg
- μηδε: CONJ
- εισελθατω: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
- αραι: VERB,aor,act,inf
- εκ: PREP
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- οικιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:17-18 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in Matthew's Olivet Discourse: the one on the housetop must not come down to take anything from his house (same warning and phrasing).
- Luke 17:31-32 (verbal): Very similar wording in Luke’s eschatological sayings: do not come down from the housetop or go into the house to take anything (echoes Mark's instruction).
- Matthew 10:23 (thematic): Jesus' earlier instruction to flee persecution (’When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next’) shares the theme of urgent flight without delay or returning for belongings.
- Genesis 19:17 (thematic): God's command to Lot to flee Sodom and not look back or delay captures the same motif of immediate flight and abandonment of possessions in the face of impending judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Let the one on the housetop not go down or enter the house to take anything away;
- Let the one on the housetop not go down or enter to take anything out of his house;
Mark.13.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εις: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- αγρον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- μη: PART
- επιστρεψατω: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- εις: PREP
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- οπισω: ADV
- αραι: VERB,aor,act,imp,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- ιματιον: NOUN,dat,sg,n
- αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:17-18 (verbal): Matthew contains a near-verbatim parallel warning—'let him not return to take his cloak'—within the same eschatological flight discourse.
- Luke 17:31 (verbal): Luke preserves the same warning formula (those on the housetop/him in the field not coming down/returning) in a closely related context about sudden divine visitation.
- Luke 17:32 (allusion): Luke immediately follows the warning with 'Remember Lot's wife,' explicitly linking the injunction not to look back/return with the cautionary example of Lot's wife.
- Genesis 19:26 (thematic): The story of Lot's wife—turned into a pillar of salt for looking back at Sodom—provides the Old Testament prototype that Jesus alludes to when commanding flight without returning.
Alternative generated candidates
- and let the one in the field not turn back to take his cloak.
- and let the one in the field not turn back to take his cloak.
Mark.13.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ουαι: INTJ
- δε: CONJ
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- γαστρι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- εχουσαις: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,pl,f
- και: CONJ
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- θηλαζουσαις: VERB,pres,act,part,dat,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- εκειναις: DEM,dat,pl,f
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- ημεραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:19 (verbal): Direct synoptic parallel—same warning: 'Woe to those who are pregnant and those who nurse in those days.'
- Luke 21:23 (verbal): Close synoptic parallel (Luke's eschatological discourse) with the same lament for pregnant and nursing women in the days of distress.
- Isaiah 26:17-18 (thematic): Uses childbirth imagery to describe national agony and failed deliverance—comparable metaphor of labor pains in a time of crisis.
- Jeremiah 4:31 (allusion): Describes Jerusalem's cry like that of a woman in labor, employing the same maternal/childbirth motif to portray imminent disaster.
- Revelation 12:2 (thematic): Apocalyptic childbirth imagery (a woman about to give birth in travail) echoes the motif of birthing/childcare amid cosmic conflict and suffering.
Alternative generated candidates
- And alas for those who are pregnant and for those who are nursing infants in those days!
- Woe to those who are with child and to those who nurse infants in those days!
Mark.13.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- προσευχεσθε: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,2,pl
- δε: CONJ
- ινα: CONJ
- μη: PART
- γενηται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- χειμωνος·: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:20 (quotation): Almost identical warning: 'Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a Sabbath' — direct verbal parallel to Mark's instruction.
- Luke 21:20-21 (structural): Same apocalyptic setting and instruction to flee when Jerusalem is surrounded; Luke omits the winter/Sabbath phrase but parallels the flight motif and urgency.
- Mark 13:17 (thematic): Immediate context in Mark: Jesus' warning about the difficulty of escape (woe to pregnant and nursing women), which explains why praying to avoid winter/Sabbath is important.
- Revelation 6:15-17 (thematic): Images of people seeking to hide or flee at God's coming of judgment echo the theme of sudden flight and desperate conditions found in Mark 13.
Alternative generated candidates
- Pray that your flight may not be in winter.
- Pray that your flight may not be in winter.
Mark.13.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- γαρ: PART
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- ημεραι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- εκειναι: PRON,nom,pl,f
- θλιψις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- οια: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- γεγονεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg
- τοιαυτη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- απ᾽αρχης: PREP
- κτισεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- εκτισεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- εως: CONJ
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- νυν: ADV
- και: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- γενηται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:21-22 (quotation): Near-verbatim parallel in the Synoptic tradition: 'great tribulation such as has not been from the beginning of the world…' (Mark 13:19 corresponds to Matt 24:21), with the added warning about shortening of days (v.22).
- Daniel 12:1 (allusion): Background OT motif of an unprecedented time of distress ('a time of trouble such as never was since there was a nation'), which the Markan saying echoes conceptually and apocalyptically.
- Jeremiah 30:7 (thematic): Speaks of 'the time of Jacob's trouble'—a unique, unparalleled period of suffering for the people—providing prophetic precedent for Mark's language of unprecedented tribulation.
- Revelation 7:14 (thematic): Uses the term 'great tribulation' and speaks of believers coming 'out of the great tribulation,' reflecting the NT eschatological theme of an exceptional end-time suffering akin to Mark's description.
Alternative generated candidates
- For in those days there will be tribulation unequaled from the beginning of creation which God created until now, and never will be.
- For in those days there will be great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the creation that God created until now, nor ever will be.
Mark.13.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- μη: PART
- εκολοβωσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
- ουκ: PART,neg
- αν: PART
- εσωθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- πασα: ADJ,nom,sg,f
- σαρξ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- αλλα: CONJ
- δια: PREP
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- εκλεκτους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
- εξελεξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- εκολοβωσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- τας: ART,acc,pl,f
- ημερας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:22 (verbal): Almost identical wording in the Synoptic parallel: 'but for the elect's sake those days will be shortened'—same idea of days being cut short to preserve human life.
- Matthew 24:21–22 (structural): Same eschatological context (great tribulation) and the explicit statement that, were it not shortened for the elect, no flesh would be saved—places Mark's verse within Matthew's larger tribulation discourse.
- Matthew 24:31 (thematic): Speaks of the Son sending angels to gather his elect at the end—connects the notion of the elect being specially preserved/rescued in the eschatological crisis.
- Luke 18:7–8 (thematic): Jesus' question about God giving justice to his elect and whether the Son of Man will find faith at his coming links the theme of divine vindication/preservation of the elect in the final days.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:6–7 (allusion): Paul's language about a restraining force delaying the full outbreak of lawlessness resonates with Mark's idea that divine action limits the duration/intensity of end-time evil so that people (the elect) may be saved.
Alternative generated candidates
- And if the Lord had not shortened the days, no human would be saved; but for the sake of the elect, whom he chose, he shortened the days.
- And if the Lord had not shortened those days, no human being would be saved; but for the sake of the elect, whom he chose, he shortened those days.
Mark.13.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τοτε: ADV
- εαν: CONJ
- τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- ειπη·Ιδε: VERB,aor,act,sub,3,sg
- ωδε: ADV
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- χριστος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- Ιδε: INTJ
- εκει: ADV
- μη: PART
- πιστευετε·: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 24:23-26 (verbal): Near-verbatim Synoptic parallel: warns that if anyone says ‘Look, here is the Christ’ or ‘There he is,’ do not believe it, and gives the same instruction not to be deceived.
- Luke 21:8 (verbal): Luke’s parallel records an almost identical warning that people will claim ‘Here is the Christ’ or ‘There he is’ and explicitly counsels not to follow them.
- Mark 13:22 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same Markan discourse: explicitly identifies ‘false christs and false prophets’ who will perform signs and wonders, explaining the reason for the prohibition in 13:21.
- Matthew 24:24 (thematic): Expands the warning thematically: false christs and false prophets will show great signs and wonders to deceive, underscoring why claims of Christ’s presence must be rejected.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:3-4 (thematic): Paul’s end-time warning about a deceptive ‘man of lawlessness’ who exalts himself and will come with false signs parallels the broader New Testament theme of deceptive figures claiming messianic authority.
Alternative generated candidates
- And then if anyone says to you, ‘Look, here is the Christ!’ or ‘Look, he is there!’ do not believe it.
- And then if anyone says to you, 'Look! Here is the Messiah,' or 'Look! There he is,' do not believe it.
Mark.13.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- εγερθησονται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,pl
- γαρ: PART
- ψευδοχριστοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- ψευδοπροφηται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- δωσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- σημεια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- και: CONJ
- τερατα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- προς: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αποπλαναν: VERB,aor,act,inf
- ει: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
- δυνατον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- εκλεκτους·: ADJ,acc,pl,m
Parallels
- Matthew 24:24 (verbal): Almost identical warning: false Christs and false prophets will show great signs and wonders to deceive, if possible even the elect — near-verbatim parallel to Mark's wording.
- Luke 21:8 (thematic): Jesus warns against being led astray by false christs and prophets who claim to be the Messiah — a closely related tradition emphasizing deceptive pretenders.
- 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 (thematic): Describes the coming of the lawless one with counterfeit 'signs and wonders' and a divinely permitted delusion that leads people into deception, paralleling Mark's concern about miraculous deception.
- Revelation 13:13-14 (thematic): The second beast performs great signs and wonders to deceive the inhabitants of the earth and lead them into idolatry — an apocalyptic echo of miraculous deception.
Alternative generated candidates
- For false christs and false prophets will arise and show signs and wonders, to lead astray, if possible, even the elect.
- For false christs and false prophets will arise and will show signs and wonders, to lead astray, if possible, even the elect.
Mark.13.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- δε: CONJ
- βλεπετε·προειρηκα: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl+VERB,perf,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
Parallels
- Matthew 24:25 (verbal): Direct Synoptic parallel in the Olivet Discourse — Matthew records the equivalent warning with the same idea: 'Behold, I have told you beforehand.'
- John 14:29 (verbal): Jesus explicitly says he has told the disciples beforehand so that when it happens they may believe — uses the same concept/verb of foretelling.
- John 16:4 (thematic): Jesus indicates he has told the disciples things in advance so they will remember later; thematically parallels the idea of prior warning/anticipatory instruction.
- Mark 4:24 (structural): Shares Markan warning language ('take heed' / βλέπετε) and the motif of careful attention to Jesus' words — a structural parallel in Mark's use of imperatives to prepare listeners.
Alternative generated candidates
- But be on your guard; I have told you all things beforehand.
- But take heed; see, I have told you all things beforehand.
Mark.13.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Αλλα: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- εκειναις: DEM,dat,pl,f
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- ημεραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- μετα: PREP
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- θλιψιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- εκεινην: PRON,acc,sg,f
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ηλιος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- σκοτισθησεται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- σεληνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- ου: PART,neg
- δωσει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- φεγγος: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:29 (verbal): Nearly identical wording describing cosmic disturbances after the tribulation: the sun is darkened and the moon does not give its light (Mark's Synoptic parallel).
- Luke 21:25-26 (verbal): Parallel Synoptic tradition that links signs in sun, moon and stars with distress of nations and the coming of the Son of Man; similar cosmic imagery and context.
- Joel 2:31 (3:15 MT) (allusion): Prophetic source for apocalyptic cosmic signs ('the sun turned to darkness, and the moon to blood') often echoed in New Testament passages about end-time portents.
- Isaiah 13:10 (allusion): Isaianic oracle that predicts the dimming of sun and moon and the fading of stars as signs of divine judgment—background language for Gospel apocalyptic imagery.
- Revelation 6:12 (thematic): Apocalyptic vision of the sun becoming black like sackcloth at the opening of the sixth seal; echoes the same motif of cosmic darkness accompanying eschatological judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light,
- But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun will be darkened and the moon will not give its light,
Mark.13.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- αστερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- εσονται: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- πιπτοντες: VERB,pres,act,ptcp,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- δυναμεις: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- αι: ART,nom,pl,f
- εν: PREP
- τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
- ουρανοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
- σαλευθησονται: VERB,fut,pass,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 24:29 (verbal): Nearly identical wording and sequence in Jesus' Olivet discourse: stars falling and the heavenly powers shaken immediately after the tribulation.
- Luke 21:25-26 (verbal): Parallel Gospel account using very similar cosmic-sign language — distress among nations, signs in sun, moon, stars and the powers of heaven shaken.
- Isaiah 13:10 (thematic): Prophetic imagery of cosmic disturbance at the day of the Lord — stars losing light and heavens shaken, providing an Old Testament background for Mark's language.
- Joel 2:10 (allusion): Joel depicts trembling earth and heavens, with sun, moon and stars affected — a prophetic source for New Testament motifs of cosmic signs accompanying judgment.
- Revelation 6:13 (thematic): Apocalyptic echo: stars fall from heaven as part of cosmic upheaval accompanying divine judgment, reflecting the same symbolic repertoire used in Mark 13.
Alternative generated candidates
- and the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken.
- and the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers that are in the heavens will be shaken.
Mark.13.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τοτε: ADV
- οψονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ανθρωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ερχομενον: VERB,pres,mid,part,acc,sg,m
- εν: PREP
- νεφελαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- μετα: PREP
- δυναμεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- πολλης: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- δοξης·: NOUN,gen,sg,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:30 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel in the Synoptic Olivet Discourse: the Son of Man appears coming on the clouds with power and glory — same eschatological arrival language.
- Luke 21:27 (verbal): Lucan version of the eschatological coming: people will see the Son of Man coming in a cloud with power and great glory, closely matching Mark's wording and theme.
- Daniel 7:13 (allusion): The OT background: 'one like a son of man coming with the clouds of heaven' provides the image and title that Jesus applies to himself in Mark's eschatological vision.
- Acts 1:11 (verbal): Angelic proclamation at the Ascension: Jesus 'will come in the same way' — links the ascension-in-clouds motif to the promised return of the Son of Man.
- Revelation 1:7 (verbal): Apocalyptic echo: 'Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him' — repeats the cloud-coming motif and the universal visibility of the Son of Man's return.
Alternative generated candidates
- And then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory.
- Then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory.
Mark.13.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- τοτε: ADV
- αποστελει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- αγγελους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- επισυναξει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
- τους: ART,acc,pl,m
- εκλεκτους: ADJ,acc,pl,m
- εκ: PREP
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- τεσσαρων: NUM,gen,pl,m
- ανεμων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
- απ᾽ακρου: PREP
- γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- εως: CONJ
- ακρου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
Parallels
- Matthew 24:31 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel: angels are sent to gather the elect 'from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of heaven.'
- Matthew 13:41 (verbal): Shared wording — 'the Son of Man will send his angels' who 'will gather' people — parallel motif of angels executing judgment/gathering.
- 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17 (thematic): Describes the Lord's coming with heavenly voice/angels and the subsequent gathering (rapture) of believers — thematic overlap of eschatological gathering.
- Revelation 7:1-3 (verbal): Imagery of four angels at the four winds controlling the ends of the earth — verbal and imagistic link to 'four winds' and divine agents at the world's corners.
- Revelation 7:9 (thematic): Vision of a great multitude gathered from every nation/tribe/language — thematically echoes the gathering of the elect from all directions/world extremes.
Alternative generated candidates
- And then he will send out the angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from the farthest end of the earth to the farthest end of heaven.
- And then he will send out the angels and will gather his elect from the four winds, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the heavens.
Mark.13.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Απο: PREP
- δε: CONJ
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- συκης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- μαθετε: VERB,pres,act,imp,2,pl
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- παραβολην·οταν: NOUN,acc,sg,f+CONJ
- ηδη: ADV
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κλαδος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- αυτης: PRO,gen,sg,f
- απαλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- γενηται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
- και: CONJ
- εκφυη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- φυλλα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- γινωσκετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- εγγυς: ADV
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- θερος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- εστιν·: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:32-33 (verbal): A near-verbatim synoptic parallel: Jesus uses the budding of the fig tree as a sign that the coming (eschatological) event is near; same imagery and conclusion about recognizing the season.
- Luke 21:29-31 (verbal): Another close synoptic parallel: Luke records the same fig-tree illustration and the inference that when the tree puts forth leaves, the desired season (the coming days) is near.
- Luke 13:6-9 (thematic): Parable of the barren fig tree in a vineyard: shares fig-tree imagery and expectations of fruitfulness, linking the tree motif to judgment, patience, and the call to repentance.
- Mark 11:12-14,20-21 (thematic): Narrative use of a fig tree (Jesus finds no fruit, curses it, and it withers): related fig-tree symbolism about fruitlessness, judgment, and the significance of signs connected with the tree.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the fig tree learn the parable: when its branch becomes tender and puts forth leaves, you know that summer is near.
- From the fig tree learn its parable: when its branch becomes tender and puts forth leaves, you know that summer is near.
Mark.13.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ουτως: ADV
- και: CONJ
- υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
- οταν: CONJ
- ιδητε: VERB,aor,act,subj,2,pl
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- γινομενα: PART,pres,mid/pass,acc,pl,n
- γινωσκετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- εγγυς: ADV
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- επι: PREP
- θυραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
Parallels
- Matthew 24:33 (verbal): Synoptic parallel with nearly identical wording: both say when you see these things happening, know that it is near (at the doors).
- Luke 21:31 (verbal): Close parallel in Luke: when you see these things happening you know that the kingdom of God is near—same sign-to-imminence logic.
- James 5:8 (thematic): Uses the same eschatological urgency—be patient and establish your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is near; exhortation based on imminent arrival.
- Revelation 1:3 (verbal): Apocalyptic echo: the book’s blessing declares the time is near, reflecting the same emphatic language of impending fulfillment.
Alternative generated candidates
- So also, when you see these things taking place, know that he is near, at the doors.
- So also, when you see these things taking place, know that he is near, at the very gates.
Mark.13.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- αμην: PART
- λεγω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- οτι: CONJ
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- παρελθη: VERB,aor,act,subj,3,sg
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γενεα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
- μεχρις: PREP
- ου: PART,neg
- ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
- παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n
- γενηται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
Parallels
- Matthew 24:34 (verbal): Almost identical saying: Jesus declares 'this generation will not pass away until all these things take place,' a direct synoptic parallel to Mark 13:30.
- Luke 21:32 (verbal): Luke preserves the same promise with very similar wording—'this generation will not pass away'—linking the prediction about the coming events to the present generation.
- Matthew 16:28 (thematic): Jesus says some standing will not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom; thematically parallels the promise of imminent fulfillment in Mark 13:30.
- Luke 9:27 (thematic): Parallels Matthew 16:28 (and thus Mark 13:30 thematically): a promise that some present disciples will see the Son of Man's coming, emphasizing near-term realization.
- Daniel 7:13 (allusion): The 'coming of the Son of Man' background language in the Olivet discourse (to which Mark 13:30 points) echoes Daniel's vision of 'one like a son of man' coming with the clouds, the Old Testament backdrop for the eschatological arrival.
Alternative generated candidates
- Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have taken place.
- Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things have taken place.
Mark.13.31 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ουρανος: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- παρελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- λογοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
- ου: PART,neg
- μη: PART
- παρελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Matthew 24:35 (verbal): Nearly identical wording in Matthew: the same saying of Jesus—'Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.'
- Luke 21:33 (verbal): Parallel saying in Luke with the same contrast between passing creation and enduring words of Jesus (minor verbal variation).
- Isaiah 40:8 (allusion): Old Testament antecedent: 'The grass withers... the word of our God stands forever,' providing the prophetic theme of the permanence of God's word echoed by Jesus.
- 1 Peter 1:25 (quotation): Explicit NT citation of Isaiah's motif—'but the word of the Lord remains forever'—reinforcing the theme of the enduring divine word reflected in Jesus' statement.
Alternative generated candidates
- Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
- Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.
As he came out of the temple, one of his disciples said to him, 'Teacher, look at these great stones and these buildings!' And Jesus said to him, 'Do you see these great buildings? There will not be left here one stone upon another that will not be thrown down.' And as he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately,
'Tell us, when will these things be? And what will be the sign when all these things are about to be fulfilled?' And Jesus began to say to them, 'Take heed lest anyone lead you astray;
for many will come in my name, saying, "I am he," and will lead many astray.'
'When you hear of wars and rumors of wars, do not be alarmed. These things must take place, but the end is not yet.'
'For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom; there will be earthquakes in various places, and there will be famines. These are but the beginning of birth pangs.'
'But be on your guard: they will deliver you up to councils, and you will be beaten in synagogues; you will stand before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them.'
'And the gospel must first be proclaimed to all nations. And then the end will come.'
'When they bring you to trial, do not be anxious beforehand about what you are to say, but say whatever is given you in that hour; for it is not you who speak, but the Holy Spirit.'
'And brother will betray brother to death, and the father his child; children will rise up against parents and have them put to death.'
'You will be hated by all for my name's sake. But the one who endures to the end will be saved.'
'But when you see the abomination that causes desolation standing where it ought not—let the reader understand—then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.'
'Let the one on the housetop not go down or enter to take anything out of his house,'
'and let the one in the field not turn back to take his cloak.'
'And alas for those who are with child and for those who nurse infants in those days!'
'Pray that your flight may not be in winter.'
'For in those days there will be tribulation unequaled from the beginning of creation that God created until now, and never will be the like.'
'And if the Lord had not shortened those days, no human being would be saved; but for the elect's sake, whom he chose, he shortened the days.'
'And then if anyone says to you, "Look, here is the Christ!" or, "Look, there!"—do not believe it.'
'For false christs and false prophets will arise and show signs and wonders, to lead astray, if possible, the elect.'
'But take heed; see, I have told you all things beforehand.'
'But in those days, after that tribulation, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light,'
'and the stars will be falling from heaven, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken.'
'Then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory.'
'And then he will send out the angels and gather his elect from the four winds, from the end of the earth to the end of heaven.'
'From the fig tree learn its parable: when its branch becomes tender and puts forth leaves, you know that summer is near.'
'So also, when you see these things taking place, know that he is near, at the doors.'
'Truly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things take place.'
'Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.'