The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem
Jeremiah 6:1-30
Jer.6.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- העזו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
- מקרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ובתקוע: CONJ+PREP
- תקעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- שופר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הכרם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- שאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- משאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נשקפה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- מצפון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושבר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 4:5-7 (verbal): Very close parallel within Jeremiah: a public alarm—'blow the trumpet' and sounding in Tekoa/Beth-haccherem—warning that disaster comes from the north; shares wording and setting.
- Jeremiah 1:14 (verbal): Uses the same motif and phrase of disaster coming 'out of the north' as the source of impending judgment (earlier prophetic annunciation of northern threat).
- Joel 2:1 (thematic): Commands to 'blow the trumpet' and sound an alarm on God's holy mountain as a warning of impending judgment—parallels the prophetic summons to warn the people.
- Amos 3:6 (thematic): Treats the trumpet/sound as an omen of calamity—connects the idea that a trumpet blast functions as a public warning of disaster sent by God, echoing the purpose of the alarm in Jer 6:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sound aloud, O sons of Benjamin, from the heart of Jerusalem; blow the trumpet at Tekoa, raise a signal over Beth-haccerem—for calamity looks out from the north, and a great destruction.
- Flee, sons of Benjamin, from the midst of Jerusalem; blow the trumpet at Tekoa, and lift up a lamentation over the House of the Vineyard; for evil looks forth from the north, and great destruction.
Jer.6.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הנוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והמענגה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דמיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezekiel 16:7-14 (structural): An extended allegory that depicts Jerusalem as a maiden who is beautified, clothed and adorned — a close structural parallel to Jeremiah’s likening of Zion to a comely/delicate woman.
- Isaiah 62:3-4 (thematic): Portrays Zion’s restoration as a transformation into a prized, beautiful entity ('a crown of beauty', 'My delight is in her'), echoing the theme of Zion as lovely and beloved.
- Zechariah 9:9 (verbal): Addresses 'daughter of Zion' in a celebratory, honorific mode ('Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion'), reflecting the same personification and positive depiction of Zion as a female figure.
- Zephaniah 3:14-17 (thematic): Calls for rejoicing over the 'daughter of Zion' and depicts God’s delight and vindication of Zion — thematically parallel in personification and the image of Zion as a beloved woman.
- Lamentations 1:6 (thematic): Personifies Jerusalem/Zion as a woman (here in mourning), offering a contrastive but thematically related use of the 'daughter of Zion' motif that highlights the same feminine personification found in Jeremiah 6:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- The dwelling and its delight—I have likened them to the daughter of Zion.
- The pastures and the pleasant places are desolate—O Daughter of Zion.
Jer.6.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- יבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- רעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועדריהם: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- תקעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- אהלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- סביב: ADV
- רעו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- 2 Kings 25:1-2 (structural): Narrative of Nebuchadnezzar’s siege of Jerusalem — the enemy encamps against the city and constructs siege works, paralleling Jeremiah’s image of hostile camps surrounding the city.
- Ezekiel 4:2-3 (verbal): Ezekiel is instructed to ‘lay siege’ to a clay model city and to ‘set a camp’ against it; uses similar siege/encampment imagery and language of surrounding a city.
- Deuteronomy 28:52 (thematic): A curse formula predicting that enemies will besiege and close in on Israel, echoing Jeremiah’s theme of hostile forces encamping around the city.
- 2 Chronicles 36:17-20 (thematic): Description of Babylon’s judgment on Judah — siege, destruction and exile — reflects the same theme of hostile nations surrounding and devastating Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- Evildoers and their flocks shall come to her; they will pitch tents all around—each man with his hand against it.
- Plunderers and their flocks shall come to her; they shall pitch their tents all around; each one shall feed his flock.
Jer.6.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- קומו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ונעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,pl
- בצהרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- כי: CONJ
- פנה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- ינטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- צללי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- ערב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 6:1 (structural): Immediate context: an earlier call to flee Jerusalem, sound the trumpet and set up signals—same alarm/war imagery as the summons to 'arise' and 'consecrate war.'
- Joel 2:1 (verbal): A summons to sound the alarm ('blow the trumpet') and assemble for judgment/war; parallels the wartime call and urgency in Jeremiah 6:4.
- Isaiah 21:5-9 (thematic): Prophetic watchman/signal and the outcry of impending doom ('watchman, what of the night?' / 'Woe')—similar imagery of warning, watchmen, and lament over approaching destruction.
- Ezekiel 7:7 (allusion): The announcement that 'the morning is gone' and the end/day of trouble has come echoes Jeremiah's sense that the day has turned and the shadows of evening are lengthening—an expression of imminent disaster.
- Amos 5:18 (thematic): Uses 'woe' language about the Day of the LORD—ironically warning that the hoped-for day will bring judgment, resonating with Jeremiah's 'woe to us' over the turning of the day.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sanctify war against her; arise, and let us go up at noon. Woe to us, for the day has turned; the shadows of evening lengthen.
- Prepare for her a war; rise and go up at noon. Woe to us! That day has turned— the shadows of evening lengthen.
Jer.6.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- קומו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
- ונעלה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,pl
- בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונשחיתה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,pl
- ארמנותיה: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 52:13-14 (structural): Narrative fulfillment: recounts Babylon's burning of Jerusalem's palaces—direct outcome anticipated by the prophetic threat to 'destroy her palaces.'
- 2 Kings 25:9 (verbal): Parallel account of Jerusalem's fall, explicitly stating that the king's house and all the palaces were burned, echoing the imagery of palace destruction.
- Nahum 3:7-10 (thematic): Prophetic oracle of urban destruction (Nineveh) with emphasis on downfall and plundering of the city and its magnificence—similar theme of divine judgment and ruin of palaces.
- Judges 7:19-22 (thematic): Description of a night attack and the rout of an enemy stronghold; parallels the military/night-strike language ('let us go up by night') used in Jeremiah 6:5.
- Zechariah 14:2 (thematic): Prophetic depiction of enemy assault on Jerusalem resulting in the taking and rifling of houses—resonates with the motif of cities and their palaces being overrun and destroyed.
Alternative generated candidates
- Arise, let us go up by night, and let us destroy her strongholds.
- Rise and go up by night, and destroy her palaces.
Jer.6.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כרתו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- עצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושפכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- סללה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הפקד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- כלה: ADV
- עשק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בקרבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 29:3 (verbal): Both passages picture Jerusalem (Ariel) surrounded and besieged, including the image of encampment/raising a siege-mound against the city.
- Isaiah 5:5-6 (thematic): God removes protection and cuts down the vineyard/choice growth as an act of judgment — a related image of destroying what was once tended because of sin.
- 2 Kings 25:1-2 (structural): Historic fulfillment: Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem and raises siege-works against the city, echoing Jeremiah’s prediction of siege and punishment.
- Jeremiah 21:10 (thematic): Another Jeremiah oracle declaring that Jerusalem is appointed for disaster and punishment because of its sins, repeating the theme of the city as one to be punished.
- Psalm 74:6-8 (thematic): Describes enemy assault, breach and burning of sacred places and ruins within the city — parallels the imagery of siege, destruction and oppression inside Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- For thus says the LORD of hosts: Cut off counsel, pour out a siege ramp against Jerusalem; she has become a place of ruin—violence and plunder are in her midst.
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Break council and pour out a blast upon Jerusalem; she becomes a heap—the city— I will visit her; violence and extortion are within her.
Jer.6.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כהקיר: PREP,NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ביר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מימיה: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,fs
- כן: ADV
- הקרה: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
- רעתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,fs
- חמס: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישמע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- על: PREP
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- תמיד: ADV
- חלי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומכה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 2:13 (verbal): Uses the same well/fountain imagery ("fountain of living waters") to condemn Israel's faithlessness — parallel metaphor of a water source turned into a site of wrongdoing.
- Nahum 2:8 (verbal): Describes a city like a pool whose waters fail — closely related water-image of a ruined city and the idea of outpouring turned to depletion.
- Habakkuk 1:3 (verbal): Speaks of "spoiling and violence" being before the prophet — shares the language and theme of continuous violence and plunder heard in the land.
- Isaiah 1:6 (thematic): Speaks of incurable wounds and bruises on the nation — parallels Jeremiah's depiction of continual sickness, wounds, and punishment as signs of societal breakdown.
Alternative generated candidates
- Like a breached wall her wickedness is exposed; violence and looting are heard in her continually—wounds and blows.
- As when a spring is emptied of its waters, so she is emptied; ruin, violence and plunder are heard continually in her—sickness and blows.
Jer.6.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הוסרי: VERB,hiph,imp,2,f,sg
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פן: CONJ
- תקע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
- ממך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- פן: CONJ
- אשימך: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg,obj:2,m,sg
- שממה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לוא: NEG
- נושבה: VERB,niphal,impf,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Leviticus 26:32-33 (verbal): Divine curse language about cities/land becoming a desolation and the land becoming uninhabited—parallels Jeremiah’s threat to make Jerusalem a wilderness.
- Deuteronomy 28:63-64 (structural): Part of the covenant‑curse pattern: Yahweh’s withdrawal of blessing leading to depopulation and exile echoes the warning that God’s presence/soul might leave and the land become uninhabited.
- Isaiah 64:10 (verbal): Same imagery—Zion/Jerusalem described as a wilderness/desolation, directly echoing Jeremiah’s prediction of the city’s desolation.
- Zephaniah 1:4-7 (verbal): Prophetic proclamation to ‘cut off’ and judgment on Judah/Jerusalem that will make the city desolate—language and threatened outcome parallel Jeremiah’s admonition.
- Ezekiel 10:18-19 (allusion): Depicts the glory (presence) of YHWH departing the temple—a theological parallel to Jeremiah’s concern that Yahweh’s ‘soul’ might leave Jerusalem if judgment is not averted.
Alternative generated candidates
- Relent concerning Jerusalem, lest my soul be angry with you; lest I make you a desolation, a land without inhabitants.
- Depart from Jerusalem, lest I take my soul from you; lest I make you a desolation— a land without inhabitants.
Jer.6.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עולל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יעוללו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כגפן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שארית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- השב: VERB,hif,imp,2,m,sg
- ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
- כבוצר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- סלסלות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 4:31 (verbal): Same book and near-verbatim motif: 'a voice as of a woman in travail' — childbirth/wailing imagery applied to Zion's cry at coming judgment.
- Micah 4:10 (thematic): Uses the childbirth metaphor for national distress ('Be in pain, and labor to bring forth, O daughter Zion')—similar image of the people as a woman in travail at impending exile.
- Isaiah 13:8 (verbal): Isaiah depicts terror and lamentation with the simile of a woman in labor ('they will be in pain like a woman in travail'), a close verbal parallel to Jeremiah's wailing imagery.
- Lamentations 2:11 (thematic): Vivid description of communal anguish (tears, bodily distress, fainting children) over Jerusalem's devastation—parallels Jeremiah's intense lamentation and concern for the remnant.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Lament—lament! The remnant of Israel is like a grapevine; gather your hands like one reaping into baskets.
- Thus says the LORD of hosts: Lament—'A remnant of Israel'—lift up your hands as one who gathers into baskets.
Jer.6.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- אדברה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- ואעידה: CONJ+VERB,qal,fut,1,sg
- וישמעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- הנה: PART
- ערלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אזנם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- יוכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- להקשיב: VERB,qal,inf
- הנה: PART
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- לחרפה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יחפצו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 6:9-10 (verbal): Isaiah's commission: people 'hear but do not understand, see but do not perceive'—same motif of divine speech met by refusal/insensitivity to hear.
- Ezekiel 12:2 (verbal): Ezekiel condemns a 'rebellious house' that has eyes to see and ears to hear yet does not—language and theme closely parallel Jeremiah's description of deafness to God's word.
- Jeremiah 7:25 (structural): Within Jeremiah the prophet repeats the pattern: God sent prophets to Israel, but they did not listen or incline their ears—same historical/theological charge in ch.6:10.
- Deuteronomy 29:4 (allusion): Deuteronomy speaks of God not giving Israel 'a heart to perceive, eyes to see, and ears to hear'—a legal/traditional formulation related to judicial hardening and lack of receptivity.
- Psalm 81:11 (thematic): The psalm states 'My people would not hearken to my voice,' echoing the recurrent theme that God's word is rejected and not desired by the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- To whom shall I speak and give warning, that they may hear?—Behold, their ears are uncircumcised; they cannot listen. Behold, the word of the LORD has become to them a reproach; they take no pleasure in it.
- To whom shall I speak and bear witness that they may hear? Behold, their ears are uncircumcised, they cannot listen. Behold, the word of the LORD has become a reproach to them; they take no delight in it.
Jer.6.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- חמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- נלאיתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,sg
- הכיל: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- שפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- עולל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בחוץ: ADV
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- סוד: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- בחורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יחדו: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- גם: ADV
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ילכדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- זקן: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עם: PREP
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:16 (verbal): Uses the same brutal image of infants being struck/dashed in the context of divine judgment—both passages depict God's wrath reaching the youngest and most vulnerable.
- Hosea 13:16 (verbal): Declares that children will be dashed and pregnant women violated as part of Yahweh’s punishment—closely parallels Jeremiah’s depiction of indiscriminate, all‑ages devastation.
- Jeremiah 25:15 (verbal): Jeremiah elsewhere uses the cup/wine imagery of pouring out God’s fury; both verses portray God ‘pouring out’ wrath as an enacted, communal judgment.
- Nahum 1:2–6 (thematic): Portrays the LORD as executing jealous, avenging wrath that consumes and spares none; thematically parallels Jeremiah’s emphasis on irresistible, universal divine fury affecting young and old alike.
Alternative generated candidates
- I have filled myself with the LORD’s wrath; I am weary, I can contain it no longer. I will pour it out on the infant at the breast and on the band of young men together; for both man and woman shall be taken, the old with him who is full of days.
- I have filled them with the LORD's wrath; I wearied myself— I poured it out on the young outside and on the secret places of the young men together; for both man and woman shall be seized, the old with those full of days.
Jer.6.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונסבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בתיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- לאחרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שדות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ונשים: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יחדו: ADV
- כי: CONJ
- אטה: PRON,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ידי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- על: PREP
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- נאם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 28:30 (thematic): Covenantal curse: you may build a house but not dwell in it, plant a vineyard but not enjoy it — possessions taken from the owner as a consequence of judgment, paralleling houses/fields given to others in Jer 6:12.
- Isaiah 3:14-15 (verbal): Accuses leaders of seizing the poor’s produce and keeping spoil in their houses; God’s judgment comes in response — language of spoil/household goods and divine retribution echoes Jer 6:12.
- Ezekiel 7:19 (thematic): On the day of the LORD people will throw away silver and gold because possessions cannot save them — similar motif of loss of property and inability of wealth to avert God’s hand against the land’s inhabitants.
- Leviticus 26:33-34 (thematic): As a covenantal consequence God will scatter the people and make the land enjoy its sabbaths while it lies desolate, implying houses and fields fall to others — an earlier legal/theological parallel to the fate described in Jer 6:12.
- 2 Kings 24:10-16 (structural): Historical enactment: Babylonian forces besiege and carry off Jerusalem’s inhabitants into exile and remove property/people — a concrete fulfillment/context for Jeremiah’s prediction that houses/fields/women will be taken and God’s hand stretched out.
Alternative generated candidates
- Their houses shall be turned to others, their fields and wives together, for I will stretch out my hand against the inhabitants of the land, declares the LORD.
- Their houses shall be turned to others, their fields and wives together; for I will stretch out my hand against the inhabitants of the land, says the LORD.
Jer.6.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- מקטנם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,mp
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- גדולם: ADJ,m,sg,abs,3,mp
- כלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בוצע: VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,sg
- בצע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומנביא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- כהן: NOUN,m,sg,const
- כלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 5:30-31 (verbal): Same prophet and very similar wording — prophets prophesy falsely and priests rule at their direction; the people prefer deceptive messages (direct parallel within Jeremiah).
- Micah 3:11 (verbal): Leaders, priests and prophets corrupted by bribery and financial gain—'they judge for reward, and the priests teach for a price,' closely echoing Jeremiah's charge of universal greed and falsehood among religious leaders.
- Zephaniah 3:3-4 (thematic): Depicts a society whose officials and prophets are treacherous and whose priests profane the sanctuary, reflecting the theme of pervasive corruption from lowest to highest ranks.
- Amos 8:4-6 (thematic): Condemns those who exploit the poor and hurry injustice for profit — the social greed and economic exploitation parallel Jeremiah's charge that everyone is 'greedy for gain.'
- Ezekiel 22:25-27 (allusion): Accounts of prophets and priests engaged in conspiracies, violence and betrayal of covenant obligations resonate with Jeremiah's indictment of false prophets and corrupt priests.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the least even to the greatest—everyone is greedy for gain; from prophet to priest—each practices deceit.
- For from the least to the greatest, all are greedy for gain; from prophet to priest, each deals falsely.
Jer.6.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וירפאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- על: PREP
- נקלה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jer.8.11 (verbal): Almost identical wording: false healers/prophets 'heal the hurt' and say 'Peace, peace,' 'when there is no peace.' Direct repetition of the phrase and idea.
- Ezek.13.10 (verbal): Condemns prophets who say 'Peace' when there is no peace and who give false assurances—same ironic formula and critique of deceptive prophecy.
- Jer.23.16-17 (thematic): Jeremiah's broader rebuke of prophets who reassure the people with predictions of peace despite impending judgment; same theme of false, comforting messages.
- Isa.57.19 (structural): Uses the double 'peace, peace' formula positively to announce genuine restoration—serves as a literary/thematic contrast to Jeremiah's ironic use of the phrase.
Alternative generated candidates
- They heal the wound of my people lightly, saying, ‘Peace, peace,’ when there is no peace.
- They heal the breach of my people lightly, saying, 'Peace, peace,' when there is no peace.
Jer.6.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הבישו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- תועבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- גם: ADV
- בוש: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- יבושו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- גם: ADV
- הכלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- לא: PART_NEG
- ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- לכן: ADV
- יפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בנפלים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- בעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- פקדתים: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- יכשלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 8:12 (verbal): Nearly identical language about shame: 'Shall they be ashamed? No, they will not be ashamed; they have no knowledge'—same refrain of lack of shame/knowledge leading to judgment.
- Jeremiah 3:3 (verbal): Uses the image of refusing shame ('you had a harlot's forehead; you refused to be ashamed'), echoing the theme of stubbornness and absence of shame in Jer 6:15.
- Hosea 4:6 (thematic): 'My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge' connects the motif that ignorance/unwillingness to know (no shame) brings destruction and divine visitation.
- Proverbs 1:24-26 (thematic): Wisdom warns that rejecting correction leads to sudden calamity—parallels the pattern in Jer 6:15 of refusing shame/repentance and then falling at the time of punishment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Were they ashamed? They were not ashamed; they did not know how to blush. Therefore they shall fall among those who fall; at the time I punish, they shall be cast down, says the LORD.
- They were ashamed, because they had done abominations; yet they are not ashamed; they do not even know how to blush. Therefore they shall fall among the fallen when I punish them; they shall be overthrown, says the LORD.
Jer.6.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עמדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- דרכים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ושאלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לנתבות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אי: PRON,interrog
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הטוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
- ולכו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- ומצאו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
- מרגוע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לנפשכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- נלך: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 30:21 (verbal): Both verses give direct guidance—'This is the way, walk in it'—echoing Jeremiah's instruction to see the way and walk in it.
- Matthew 11:28-30 (thematic): Jesus' invitation to 'come... and I will give you rest' parallels Jeremiah's promise that walking the good/ancient way brings rest for the soul.
- Jeremiah 7:24 (thematic): Like 6:16's final clause ('They said, We will not walk'), 7:24 condemns the people's refusal to listen or walk in God's ways despite instruction.
- Isaiah 1:19-20 (thematic): Both passages present a choice to obey God's way with promised blessing (eating the good of the land/rest) and warn of refusal and its consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: Stand in the roads and look, and ask for the ancient paths—‘Which is the good way? Walk in it, and you will find rest for your souls.’ But they said, ‘We will not walk in it.’
- Thus says the LORD: Stand by the roads and look, and ask for the ancient paths— which is the good way— and walk in it, and you will find rest for your souls. But they said, 'We will not walk.'
Jer.6.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והקמתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- עליכם: PREP+PRON,2mp
- צפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הקשיבו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl
- לקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שופר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- לא: PART_NEG
- נקשיב: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,pl
Parallels
- Ezek.33:7-9 (structural): Same watchman motif and duty to warn Israel; stresses responsibility of the watchman and consequences when people ignore the warning.
- Isa.62:6 (verbal): God sets watchmen over Zion who must not keep silent—uses the same image of appointed watchers on the walls.
- Joel 2:1 (verbal): Calls to blow the trumpet as an alarm to the people—uses the trumpet/warning motif parallel to “hear the sound of the trumpet.”
- Amos 3:6 (thematic): Rhetorical treatment of trumpet/alarm and communal response; highlights the incongruity of an alarm being ignored, paralleling “they said, ‘We will not hearken.’”}]}
Alternative generated candidates
- I set watchmen over you: ‘Listen to the sound of the trumpet!’—but they said, ‘We will not listen.’
- I set watchmen over you: 'Listen to the sound of the trumpet!' they cried. But they said, 'We will not listen.'
Jer.6.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- ודעי: CONJ+VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- עדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 34:1 (verbal): A summons to the nations to 'hear' the oracle — similar wording and function: calling nations/peoples to listen as witnesses to coming judgment.
- Micah 1:2 (verbal): Begins with 'Hear, O peoples' (or nations) — parallel imperative addressing all nations/peoples to hear the prophet's message of judgment.
- Joel 3:9 (thematic): Calls on nations to be addressed ('Proclaim ye this among the nations') and presents the nations as the audience/judges of what will occur — thematically similar in turning attention to the nations.
- Jeremiah 5:20 (verbal): Another Jeremiah summons ('Hear this, O foolish people…') — a close intra-book parallel in diction and the prophetic call for people/nations to hear and know God's verdict.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore hear, O nations, and know, O assembled peoples, what is among them.
- Therefore hear, O nations, and know, O assembly, what is among them.
Jer.6.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שמעי: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הנה: PART
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- מביא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- פרי: NOUN,m,sg,cs
- מחשבותם: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m
- כי: CONJ
- על: PREP
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- הקשיבו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl
- ותורתי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,1cs
- וימאסו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 11:11 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language of God declaring he will bring disaster on the people because they have rejected his words/covenant—an immediate prophetic parallel within Jeremiah.
- Deuteronomy 29:20-21 (thematic): Warns that the one who curses the covenant will be cut off and experience the calamity he feared—links divine punishment to rejection of God's covenant/words.
- Hosea 4:6 (thematic): God declares his people perish for lack of knowledge because they have rejected instruction, paralleling Jeremiah's charge that they did not heed God's words and rejected his law.
- Ezekiel 7:3-4 (thematic): Pronounces imminent disaster coming on the land as judgment; like Jeremiah 6:19 it frames catastrophe as the consequence of the people's conduct before God.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hear, O earth: behold, I am bringing evil upon this people, the fruit of their own devices, because they have not listened to my words and have rejected my law.
- Hear, O earth: behold, I will bring evil upon this people— the fruit of their own thoughts; for to my words they did not listen, and my law they rejected.
Jer.6.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- למה: ADV
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- לבונה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משבא: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,abs
- תבוא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- וקנה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הטוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מרחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עלותיכם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2,mp
- לא: PART_NEG
- לרצון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וזבחיכם: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- לא: PART_NEG
- ערבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:11-15 (verbal): Isaiah condemns ritual offerings as unacceptable—'Bring no more vain offerings... I will not listen'—echoing Jeremiah's rejection of incense and sacrifices when covenant faithfulness is absent.
- Hosea 6:6 (thematic): God prefers steadfast love/knowledge of God over burnt offerings and sacrifices, paralleling Jeremiah's critique of ritual worship that lacks faithful obedience.
- Amos 5:21-24 (verbal): Amos declares God hates Israel's festivals and offerings and calls for justice and righteousness instead of empty worship, closely matching Jeremiah's repudiation of offerings.
- Micah 6:6-8 (thematic): Micah contrasts ritual attempts to appease God with God's requirement for justice, mercy, and humility—the same theological thrust behind Jeremiah's refusal of their incense and sacrifices.
- Jeremiah 7:21-23 (thematic): Within Jeremiah itself God reiterates that he did not demand sacrifices but obedience to his voice—an immediate parallel explaining why the people's offerings are not pleasing.
Alternative generated candidates
- What have I to do with frankincense from Sheba, or sweet cane from a distant land? Your burnt offerings are not pleasing to me, nor are your sacrifices acceptable.
- To what purpose is frankincense to me from Sheba, or sweet cane from a distant land? Your burnt offerings are not acceptable, and your sacrifices do not please me.
Jer.6.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנני: PRT+PRON,1,sg
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- מכשלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכשלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- אבות: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ובנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יחדו: ADV
- שכן: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- ורעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- ואבדו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Ezek.14:3 (verbal): Ezekiel speaks of people setting up idols and putting a 'stumbling block' before their faces (Heb. מכשול), echoing the language and motif of stumbling/causing to stumble found in Jer. 6:21.
- Isa.8:14-15 (thematic): God himself is portrayed as a 'stone of stumbling' and a 'rock of offense' that makes people fall—parallel imagery to God laying stumbling blocks before the people in Jer. 6:21.
- Rom.9:33 (quotation): Paul cites Isaiah's 'stone of stumbling' tradition ('I will make you a rock that makes men stumble') and applies it christologically; this NT use reflects the recurring biblical theme of God (or God's revelation) functioning as a cause of falling or judgment, as in Jer. 6:21.
- Isa.29:9-10 (structural): Isaiah describes the Lord sending a spirit of deep sleep and bewilderment so that people err and stumble—a comparable depiction of divine action that produces collective stumbling and ruin as in Jer. 6:21.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore thus says the LORD: Behold, I will place stumbling blocks before this people; parents and children together shall fall backward; the neighbor and his friend shall perish.
- Therefore thus says the LORD: Behold, I will make this people stumble, and they shall be broken—fathers and sons together; neighbor and friend shall perish.
Jer.6.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- הנה: PART
- עם: PREP
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צפון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגוי: CONJ
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יעור: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- מירכתי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,constr
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 1:14 (verbal): Same prophetic formula: disaster/people coming 'from the north' as the source of judgment; closely parallels Jeremiah’s announcement of an invading force from the north.
- Jeremiah 25:9 (thematic): God declares he will summon 'all the families of the north' and send Nebuchadnezzar—same theme of a northern power raised by YHWH to punish the land.
- Habakkuk 1:6 (thematic): God raises up the Chaldeans—a swift, foreign nation—to execute judgment. Parallel theme of God stirring a distant people to punish Israel.
- Deuteronomy 28:49 (verbal): Warning that the LORD will bring 'a nation from far off, from the end of the earth' as a curse; echoes the motif of a powerful, distant nation coming as divine judgment.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus says the LORD: Behold, a people comes up from the land of the north, and a great nation will be stirred from the farthest parts of the earth.
- Thus says the LORD: Behold, a people comes from the north, a great nation stirred up from the farthest parts of the earth.
Jer.6.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- קשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכידון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יחזיקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אכזרי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- ירחמו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
- קולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- כים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יהמה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- סוסים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ירכבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- ערוך: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כאיש: PREP
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עליך: PREP+2ms
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joel 2:2-5 (thematic): Describes an advancing, relentless army whose appearance is like horses and whose coming is like a consuming storm—parallels Jeremiah’s image of horse-mounted invaders, harshness and overwhelming noise.
- Nahum 2:3-4 (verbal): Depicts chariots and horsemen rushing into battle (‘the chariots rage in the streets; they jostle one against another’), echoing Jeremiah’s martial imagery of riders and armed attack.
- Habakkuk 1:8-11 (verbal): Portrays a cruel, swift cavalry (‘their horses are swifter than leopards…they all come for violence’), matching Jeremiah’s emphasis on cruelty, rapid horsemen and remorseless assault.
- Jeremiah 4:13 (structural): Earlier Jeremiah passage using similar invader imagery—‘he comes up like clouds…his chariots like a whirlwind; his horses are swifter than eagles’—closely parallels the present verse’s portrayal of an attacking force on horses.
- Zephaniah 1:14-16 (thematic): Announces a near day of wrath with the sound and fury of battle and dread of warriors/horsemen, resonating with Jeremiah’s theme of sudden, merciless military devastation and tumultuous noise.
Alternative generated candidates
- They hold the bow and the spear; they are cruel and show no mercy. Their voice roars like the sea; on horses they ride, arrayed as warriors for battle against you, O daughter of Zion.
- Their bows and spears they take; fierce and merciless are they. Their voice is like the roaring sea; on horses they ride, arrayed as men of war against you, O Daughter of Zion.
Jer.6.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שמענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- רפו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- ידינו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cp
- צרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החזיקתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,sg
- חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כיולדה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 4:31 (verbal): Same book and closely parallel language—'a voice as of a woman in travail'—using the childbirth simile to express sudden national anguish.
- Isaiah 13:8 (verbal): Uses the same simile—people 'in anguish like a woman in labor'—to describe the panic and physical agony accompanying impending judgment.
- Isaiah 26:17-18 (thematic): An extended childbirth metaphor for national distress: the people writhe like a woman in labor, framing communal calamity as birthing pain.
- Habakkuk 3:16 (thematic): Describes a bodily, terror-stricken reaction on hearing terrible news ('my belly trembled; my lips quivered'), paralleling the physical collapse and anguish in Jer. 6:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- We have heard the report of them—our hands fall helpless; anguish has seized us, pain like that of a woman in labor.
- We have heard the report— our hands fall limp; anguish has seized us; pangs as of a woman in labor hold us.
Jer.6.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אל: NEG
- תצאו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובדרך: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const
- אל: NEG
- תלכו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לאיב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מגור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מסביב: ADV,loc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 15:2 (verbal): Same prophet and context: people ask 'Where shall we go?' and Jeremiah is told many will 'go to the sword' — echoes the warning not to go out because the sword devours around them.
- Isaiah 26:20 (thematic): A call to enter chambers and hide 'until the indignation be overpast'—parallel instruction to remain off the roads/fields in the face of coming judgment.
- Isaiah 2:19-21 (thematic): People flee and hide in caves 'from the terror of the LORD' and the divine shaking of the earth—similar imagery of seeking shelter from overwhelming, destructive threat.
- Ezekiel 7:15 (verbal): Declares that God will 'draw out a sword after you' and make the land desolate—verbal/imagistic parallel to the sword devouring around the people.
- Joel 2:1-2 (thematic): A trumpet alarm announcing an invading, devastating host whose coming brings terror and upheaval—shares the theme of sudden external attack that forces people to seek safety.
Alternative generated candidates
- Do not go out into the field, and on the road do not walk—for the sword of the enemy and terror are all around.
- Do not go out into the field, nor walk on the road; for the sword of the enemy is everywhere, it lies at our very gates.
Jer.6.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- עמי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1s
- חגרי: VERB,qal,imp,2,f,sg
- שק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והתפלשי: VERB,hitp,imp,2,f,sg
- באפר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אבל: CONJ
- יחיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עשי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מספד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תמרורים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כי: CONJ
- פתאם: ADV
- יבא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- השדד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
Parallels
- Joel 1:8 (verbal): Directly echoes the call to mourning: 'gird yourselves with sackcloth' and lamentation for loss, matching Jeremiah's command to put on sackcloth and roll in ashes.
- Ezekiel 7:18 (verbal): Speaks of girding with sackcloth and putting on bitter mourning because of imminent disaster—language and context of sudden judgment parallel Jeremiah's warning of an unexpected destroyer.
- Amos 8:10 (thematic): Announces that joyous songs will be turned into mourning and feasts into lament—similar theme of abrupt reversal from normal life to public mourning at coming calamity.
- Lamentations 2:10 (thematic): Describes the people of Zion sitting in silence, casting dust on their heads and bowed down—uses dust/ashes and public mourning imagery akin to Jeremiah's rolling in ashes and making bitter lament.
- Isaiah 22:12-13 (allusion): God summons the people to 'put on sackcloth' and lament, but they refuse and celebrate instead—provides a contrasting response to the same call to mourn an impending calamity as in Jeremiah 6:26.
Alternative generated candidates
- O daughter of my people, gird on sackcloth and wallow in ashes; make mourning as for an only son—bitter lamentation, for suddenly the destroyer will come upon us.
- O daughter of my people, gird on sackcloth and roll in ashes; make lamentation like for an only son— bitter mourning for yourself; sudden devastation will come upon us.
Jer.6.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בחון: VERB,qal,inf,?,?,?
- נתתיך: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
- בעמי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss,1
- מבצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ותדע: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- ובחנת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דרכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 8:2 (verbal): God deliberately leads and tests Israel 'to know what is in your heart'—parallels Jeremiah's language of being set to test/try the people's ways.
- Ezekiel 33:7 (structural): Like Jeremiah, Ezekiel is appointed as a sentry/watchman over the house of Israel, set by God to observe, warn, and thus ‘test’ the people's conduct.
- Jeremiah 1:10 (structural): Jeremiah's commissioning to 'pluck up and to break down, to destroy and to overthrow, to build and to plant' parallels his role here as an instrument placed among the people to examine and judge their ways.
- Isaiah 48:10 (verbal): God speaks of testing/refining his people ('I have refined you, though not as silver'), echoing the theme of God-appointed trial to reveal and purify conduct.
- Genesis 22:1 (thematic): God's testing of Abraham (to prove his faithfulness) reflects the broader biblical motif of God testing individuals or nations to know and prove their ways, as in Jeremiah 6:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- I have made you a tester of my people, a fortress of the land; you shall know and examine their way.
- I have set you to test my people, to be a fortress; you shall know and examine their way.
Jer.6.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- סרי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- סוררים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- הלכי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רכיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחשת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וברזל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- משחיתים: VERB,qal,ptc,,m,pl
- המה: PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 48:4 (verbal): Uses the same metal imagery (iron/bronze) and depicts the people as obstinate/stubborn—paralleling Jeremiah’s charge that they are 'bronze and iron' (hard-hearted rebels).
- Ezekiel 3:7-9 (thematic): Describes Israel as impudent and hard‑hearted and God making the prophet’s face/forehead hard like rock—echoing the theme of stubborn rebellion and 'hardness' (metal/stone imagery) in Jeremiah 6:28.
- Jeremiah 9:4 (verbal): Speaks of neighbors 'walking with slanders' (רכיל), using the same charge of talebearing/slander within the community that Jeremiah 6:28 levels against the people.
- Leviticus 19:16 (thematic): Legal prohibition 'Do not go about as a talebearer among your people' mirrors Jeremiah’s condemnation of them as 'walking as talebearers' (הלכי רכיל), linking the prophetic denunciation to the Torah’s ban on gossip and slander.
Alternative generated candidates
- All of them are stubborn rebels, every one a dealer in slander; they are like bronze and iron—each one a corrupter.
- All of them are stubborn, rebellious; they walk as slanderers. They are all bronze and iron—destroyers all of them.
Jer.6.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נחר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מפח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עפרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לשוא: PREP
- צרף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צרוף: ADJ,m,sg
- ורעים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- נתקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,pl
Parallels
- Isa.1:25 (verbal): Uses the same refining imagery—God purging away dross and refining metals, closely echoing Jeremiah's furnace/consumption language.
- Mal.3:2-3 (thematic): God portrayed as refiner and purifier of silver; the theme of divine judgment as a refining fire parallels Jeremiah's furnace image.
- Prov.17:3 (verbal): The fining pot and furnace imagery for testing silver/gold parallels Jeremiah's metallurgical language about fire and consumption.
- Ezek.22:20 (verbal): Describes gathering metals into a furnace and melting them in God’s anger—strongly parallels Jeremiah’s picture of fire consuming metals.
- Zech.13:9 (thematic): Speaks of refining a remnant like silver tested by fire; thematically related to Jeremiah’s motif of purification/consumption by fire.
Alternative generated candidates
- The bellows blow fiercely; the lead is consumed in the fire; the refining comes to nothing—for the wicked are not removed.
- Like dross from a furnace is their land; their silver is rejected— their refining is in vain; the wicked are not cut off.
Jer.6.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נמאס: ADJ,m,sg
- קראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- כי: CONJ
- מאס: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 1:22 (verbal): Uses the same image of silver becoming dross/impure—both texts employ silver/dross language to describe moral/religious worthlessness.
- Psalm 66:10 (verbal): Speaks of God testing and refining like silver; parallels the metallurgical metaphor for divine judgment or purification that Jeremiah subverts by declaring the silver rejected.
- Psalm 12:6 (verbal): Compares the purity of the Lord’s words to silver refined in a furnace—shares the silver-as-measure-of-purity motif contrasted by Jeremiah’s claim that the silver is rejected.
- Malachi 3:2-3 (thematic): Portrays the Lord as a refiner and purifier of silver—thematises divine judgment/purification in metallurgical terms, offering a contrast to Jeremiah’s image of rejected silver.
- Zechariah 13:9 (thematic): Promises that God will refine and test people as silver is refined—echoes the refining/testing metaphor and highlights alternative outcomes (refinement vs rejection) for the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- They call them rejected silver—because the LORD has rejected them.
- They are called 'rejected silver'—for the LORD has rejected them.
Blow the trumpet in the land—sons of Benjamin; from within Jerusalem sound the alarm; in Tekoa blow the horn, and raise a signal on Beth-haccerem! For evil looks down from the north, and great destruction.
Pasture and pleasant place—how like the daughter of Zion.
To her shall come shepherds and their flocks; they shall pitch tents around her; each man shall pasture in his place.
Prepare against her war; arise, and let us go up by night. Woe to us, for the day has turned— the shadows of evening lengthen.
Arise, and let us go up by night, and destroy her strongholds. Thus says the LORD of hosts: Cut off counsel, pour out a siege upon Jerusalem; the city is made a mound—its appointed end; violence is within her midst.
As when one heats a cauldron from its source, so her evil has boiled up—violence and plunder shall be heard in her; continually before me are wounds and blows.
Remove out of the midst of Jerusalem, lest my soul leave you; lest I make you a desolation and the land a waste that is not inhabited. Thus says the LORD of hosts: A cry as of travail shall be heard—like the vine; O remnant of Israel, put forth your hand like the harvester to the baskets.
Whom shall I speak to and give warning that they may hear? See, their ears are uncircumcised—they cannot listen. See, the word of the LORD has become a reproach to them; they take no pleasure in it.
I have filled up the measure of my anger; I am weary of holding back— I will pour it out on the infant outside and on the gathered young; man with wife shall be taken, the old with him who is full of days.
Their houses shall be turned to others, fields and women together; for I will stretch out my hand against the inhabitants of the land, says the LORD.
From the least even to the greatest, all are greedy for gain; from prophet to priest, all practice deceit.
They heal the wound of my people lightly, saying, ‘Peace, peace!’ when there is no peace.
They were ashamed—because they had done an abomination—they were not ashamed; they did not know how to blush. Therefore they shall fall among the fallen when I punish them, says the LORD. Thus says the LORD: Stand by the roads and look, and ask for the ancient paths—‘Which is the good way?’ Walk in it, and you will find rest for your souls. But they said, ‘We will not walk in it.’
I set watchmen over you: ‘Listen to the sound of the trumpet!’ But they said, ‘We will not listen.’
Therefore hear, O nations, and know, O congregation, what is among them.
Hear, O earth: behold, I will bring disaster upon this people, the fruit of their own schemes; because they have not listened to my words and have spurned my teaching.
What have I to do with frankincense from Sheba, or sweet cane from a distant land? Your burned offerings are not pleasing to me, nor are your sacrifices acceptable to me.
Therefore thus says the LORD: Behold, I will lay stumbling-blocks before this people, and they shall stumble—fathers and sons together; neighbor and friend shall perish. Thus says the LORD: Behold, a people comes from the north, and a great nation shall be roused from the farthest parts of the earth.
They hold the bow and the dagger; cruel, merciless—they shall roar like the sea; on horses they shall ride, arrayed as men of war, against you, O daughter of Zion.
We have heard their report; our hands hang down; anguish has seized us, pangs as of a woman in labor.
Do not go out into the field, nor walk on the road; for the sword of the enemy and terror are on every side.
O daughter of my people, gird on sackcloth and roll in ashes; make mourning as for an only son—bitter lamentation; for suddenly the spoiler will come upon us.
I have appointed you to test my people— a touchstone among my folk; you shall know and examine their ways.
All of them are stubborn transgressors, each one a whisperer—brass and iron—they are all corrupt; they are all become looters.
The bellows are burned, the lead is consumed by the fire; the founder melts, the refining of silver is in vain—for the wicked are not removed.
They are called rejected silver, for the LORD has rejected them.