Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit
Acts 2:1-13
Acts.2.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Και: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- τω: ART,dat,sg,m
- συμπληρουσθαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,inf
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ημεραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- πεντηκοστης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ησαν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ομου: ADV
- επι: PREP
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
Parallels
- Leviticus 23:15-21 (structural): Describes the Feast of Weeks (Pentecost) — the agricultural/ritual background and timing for the day Acts 2 designates.
- Exodus 19:16-20 (structural): Israel gathered 'all together in one place' at Sinai when God descended with signs — a typological parallel to the gathered disciples and God's dramatic outpouring at Pentecost.
- Joel 2:28-29 (quotation): Joel’s prophecy of God pouring out his Spirit on all flesh is explicitly invoked later in Acts 2 and provides the prophetic framework for the Pentecost event.
- Luke 24:49 (thematic): Jesus’ command to the disciples to stay in Jerusalem until they are 'clothed with power from on high' anticipates the coming of the Spirit on the day of Pentecost.
- John 20:19-22 (thematic): The disciples gathered together in a closed room and receive the Spirit from Jesus (breathing on them), paralleling the motif of a gathered community receiving the Spirit.
Alternative generated candidates
- When the day of Pentecost arrived, they were all together in one place.
- When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place.
Acts.2.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
- αφνω: ADV
- εκ: PREP
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
- ηχος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- ωσπερ: ADV
- φερομενης: PART,pres,pass,gen,sg,f
- πνοης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- βιαιας: ADJ,gen,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- επληρωσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- ολον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- οικον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- ου: PART,neg
- ησαν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- καθημενοι: PTCP,pres,mid,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- 1 Kings 19:11-12 (thematic): Elijah experiences a 'great and strong wind' that precedes God's revealing presence (followed by earthquake, fire, then a still small voice); wind functions as a sign accompanying divine manifestation, similar to the Pentecost wind.
- John 3:8 (thematic): Jesus compares the Spirit to the wind—audible and mysterious ('you hear the sound of it, but cannot tell where it comes from'); Acts 2 uses the sound of rushing wind to signal the Spirit's arrival.
- Ezekiel 1:4 (verbal): Ezekiel describes 'a windstorm coming out of the north' and a powerful, cloud/fire-associated phenomenon; similar vocabulary and imagery (wind/violent movement) tie prophetic theophany language to Acts' Pentecost scene.
- Ezekiel 37:9 (thematic): The prophet calls for 'breath/wind' to come and give life to the dry bones—linking breath/wind imagery with the giving of life/Spirit, a theme enacted at Pentecost when the Spirit is poured out.
- Joel 2:28-29 (allusion): Acts later explicitly cites Joel's prophecy of God pouring out his Spirit on all flesh; the initial sign of a mighty, rushing sound at Pentecost functions as the fulfillment signifying that outpouring.
Alternative generated candidates
- Suddenly there came from heaven a sound like a violent rushing wind, and it filled the entire house where they were sitting.
- And suddenly there came from heaven a sound like a rushing, mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting.
Acts.2.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- ωφθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
- διαμεριζομεναι: PART,pres,mid,nom,pl,f
- γλωσσαι: NOUN,nom,pl,f
- ωσει: ADV
- πυρος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- εκαθισεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- εφ᾽ενα: PREP,acc
- εκαστον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Ezekiel 1:13 (verbal): Describes the living creatures and wheels with a brightness like burning coals or fire — similar phrasing 'as of fire' used for the appearance that rests on the apostles.
- Leviticus 9:23-24 (thematic): When Moses and Aaron bless the people, fire comes out from the LORD and consumes the offerings — an Old Testament motif of divine presence and approval manifested by fire, echoed in the Pentecost imagery.
- Matthew 3:11 (allusion): John the Baptist speaks of baptism 'with the Holy Spirit and fire,' connecting the idea of the Spirit's coming with fire to Jesus' followers receiving tongues of fire in Acts.
- Joel 2:28-29 (quotation): Joel's prophecy (quoted in Acts 2:17–21) predicts God pouring out his Spirit and resulting prophetic speech; Acts 2's tongues of fire function as the visible sign of that promised outpouring.
- Isaiah 6:6-7 (thematic): A seraph touches Isaiah's lips with a live coal to purify his speech — the imagery of fire effecting purification and enabling speech parallels tongues of fire empowering the apostles to speak.
Alternative generated candidates
- And tongues appeared to them like of fire, distributed, and came to rest on each one of them.
- And there appeared to them tongues distributed as of fire, and one rested on each of them.
Acts.2.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- επλησθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- πνευματος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- αγιου: ADJ,gen,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- ηρξαντο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,pl
- λαλειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
- ετεραις: ADJ,dat,pl,f
- γλωσσαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- καθως: CONJ
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πνευμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εδιδου: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
- αποφθεγγεσθαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,inf
- αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
Parallels
- Joel 2:28-29 (quotation): Peter explicitly cites Joel’s prophecy about God pouring out his Spirit and sons and daughters prophesying, which forms the prophetic backdrop for the Pentecost outpouring in Acts 2.
- Acts 1:8 (thematic): Jesus promises the coming of the Holy Spirit and power to be his witnesses—Acts 2:4 is the fulfillment of that promise when the Spirit arrives and empowers speech.
- John 20:22 (structural): Jesus breathes on the disciples and says 'Receive the Holy Spirit,' an earlier Johannine account of Spirit-impartation that parallels the Spirit’s coming in Acts.
- 1 Corinthians 14:2-4 (verbal): Paul’s discussion of speaking in tongues (their nature and spiritual use) echoes Acts 2’s report that believers 'began to speak in other tongues' as the Spirit enabled them.
- Mark 16:17 (allusion): The gospel’s promise that believers will 'speak in new tongues' is an early Christian expectation reflected concretely in the Pentecost event of Acts 2.
Alternative generated candidates
- All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other languages, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
- And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
Acts.2.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Ησαν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- εν: PREP
- Ιερουσαλημ: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- κατοικουντες: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ανδρες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ευλαβεις: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- απο: PREP
- παντος: ADJ,gen,sg,masc
- εθνους: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- των: ART,gen,pl,m
- υπο: PREP
- τον: ART,acc,sg,m
- ουρανον·: NOUN,acc,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 2:1-4 (structural): Same Pentecost scene: the coming of the Spirit and the assembled people provides immediate context for why Jews from every nation were present and able to hear in their own tongues.
- Acts 2:9-11 (verbal): Directly connected list of the nations represented at Jerusalem — an explicit expansion of 'men from every nation under heaven' named in v.5.
- Genesis 11:1-9 (thematic): Tower of Babel account (diverse languages and dispersion) is commonly seen as reversed at Pentecost: peoples from many lands hear God's works in their own languages.
- Acts 1:8 (thematic): Jesus' commission to be witnesses 'to the ends of the earth' links the presence of diaspora Jews in Jerusalem to the impending witness to all nations inaugurated at Pentecost.
- Joel 2:28-32 (Joel 3:1-5 LXX) (quotation): Peter later cites Joel's prophecy about the Spirit being poured out on 'all flesh' in his sermon (Acts 2:17–21), connecting the multinational audience in Jerusalem to the fulfillment of that prophecy.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem devout Jews from every nation under heaven.
- Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem devout Jews, men from every nation under heaven.
Acts.2.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- γενομενης: VERB,aor,mid,part,gen,sg,f
- δε: CONJ
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- φωνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- ταυτης: DEM,gen,sg,f
- συνηλθε: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
- το: ART,acc,sg,n
- πληθος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
- και: CONJ
- συνεχυθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
- οτι: CONJ
- ηκουον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- εις: PREP
- εκαστος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ιδια: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- διαλεκτω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- λαλουντων: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,pl,masc
- αυτων·: PRON,gen,pl,m
Parallels
- Joel 2:28-29 (quotation): Acts 2:16-21 explicitly cites Joel's prophecy about God pouring out his Spirit and people prophesying — the Pentecost outbreak of speaking and hearing is presented as fulfillment of Joel.
- Isaiah 28:11 (allusion): Isaiah's phrase about 'by strange tongues' (quoted in 1 Cor 14:21) provides background for interpreting glossolalia and foreign speech; Acts 2's multilingual intelligibility echoes this motif of foreign/strange speech as a sign.
- 1 Corinthians 14:2-5 (thematic): Paul's discussion of speaking in tongues and their intelligibility contrasts with Acts 2, where hearers understand in their own languages; both texts treat the phenomenon of tongues and its role in the assembly and witness.
- Acts 1:4-5 (structural): Jesus' command to wait for the promise of the Father — to be baptized with the Holy Spirit — provides the immediate narrative framework that Acts 2:6 (and the Pentecost events) fulfills.
- Mark 16:17 (verbal): Jesus' proclamation that believers 'will speak with new tongues' (part of the accompanying signs) parallels the Pentecost occurrence of speaking in other languages as a sign accompanying the risen Lord's ministry.
Alternative generated candidates
- When this sound occurred, the crowd came together and was bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in his own language.
- And when this sound occurred, the crowd came together and was bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in his own language.
Acts.2.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- εξισταντο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- εθαυμαζον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- λεγοντες·Ουχ: VERB,part,pres,act,nom,pl,masc
- ιδου: PART
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- ουτοι: PRO,nom,pl,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- λαλουντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,masc
- Γαλιλαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 2:6 (structural): Immediate context: the crowds are described as coming together and being bewildered at hearing the Galileans speak — 2:7 follows as the crowd’s question identifying the speakers as Galileans.
- Acts 2:12 (structural): Parallel reaction in the same scene: the people are amazed and perplexed (similar language of astonishment) after hearing the multilingual speech and asking what this means.
- Mark 6:3 (thematic): Local astonishment and recognition language about Jesus’ origins (’Is not this the carpenter...?’) parallels the crowd’s surprised identification of the speakers by their Galilean origin.
- John 1:46 (thematic): Philip and Nathanael’s skeptical remark ‘Can anything good come out of Nazareth?’ reflects contemporary prejudice and surprise associated with Galilean origin, echoing the crowd’s fixation on Galilee.
- Matthew 21:11 (verbal): The crowd’s identification of Jesus as ‘the prophet from Nazareth of Galilee’ is a direct verbal parallel: both passages highlight the speakers’/subject’s Galilean provenance as a salient identifying feature.
Alternative generated candidates
- They were all amazed and astonished, saying, “Are not all these who are speaking Galileans?”
- They were all amazed and perplexed, asking one another, "Are not all these who are speaking Galileans?"
Acts.2.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- και: CONJ
- πως: ADV
- ημεις: PRON,nom,pl,1
- ακουομεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- εκαστος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- ιδια: ADJ,acc,pl,n
- διαλεκτω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- εν: PREP
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- εγεννηθημεν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,1,pl
Parallels
- Acts 2:11 (verbal): Uses the same phrase about hearing in “our own tongues/diálektō” and explicitly identifies the event as people hearing the apostles’ words in their native languages.
- Genesis 11:7-9 (thematic): The Tower of Babel account (confusion/scattering of tongues) provides a structural foil—Pentecost functions as a reversal, enabling mutual understanding across formerly divided languages.
- 1 Corinthians 14:10-11 (thematic): Paul’s discussion of the many kinds of voices and the intelligibility of tongues treats the same issue of whether speech in strange languages is comprehensible to listeners.
- Isaiah 28:11 (quotation): Isaiah’s reference to speech ‘with stammering lips and another tongue’ is cited elsewhere in the NT context of tongues (e.g., 1 Cor 14:21) and is part of the prophetic background for NT phenomena of foreign speech.
- Acts 10:46 (thematic): Another Acts episode where recipients speak in tongues and others hear them (Cornelius’ household), offering a parallel instance of Spirit‑given speech crossing linguistic or communal boundaries.
Alternative generated candidates
- And how is it that we each hear them in our native tongue?
- Parthians, Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia.
Acts.2.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Παρθοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- Μηδοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- Ελαμιται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- κατοικουντες: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- Μεσοποταμιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- Ιουδαιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- τε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- Καππαδοκιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- Ποντον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
- και: CONJ
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- Ασιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
Parallels
- Acts 2:8 (structural): Immediate context: the Pentecost account lists peoples/hearers from many regions—v.8 introduces the ethnically diverse audience that v.9 names.
- Acts 2:10 (structural): Continuation of the same regional catalogue—v.10 completes the list begun in v.9, showing the full geographic spread present at Pentecost.
- Genesis 10:22 (verbal): The Table of Nations enumerates peoples/regions (including Elam); Genesis 10 provides an early biblical precedent for naming ethnic groups and territories, paralleling Acts' catalog of nations.
- Isaiah 49:6 (thematic): Prophetic theme of Israel’s mission to the nations—'a light for the Gentiles' echoes the Pentecost scene where people from many nations hear the gospel.
- Matthew 28:19 (thematic): The Great Commission to make disciples of 'all nations' thematically parallels Acts 2’s depiction of the gospel reaching diverse peoples gathered in Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- We are Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; we live in Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, and Asia;
- Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and parts of Libya near Cyrene; and visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes.
Acts.2.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Φρυγιαν: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- τε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- Παμφυλιαν: NOUN,dat,sg,f
- Αιγυπτον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- μερη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- Λιβυης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- κατα: PREP
- Κυρηνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- και: CONJ
- οι: ART,nom,pl,m
- επιδημουντες: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,pl,m
- Ρωμαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
Parallels
- Acts 2:9 (verbal): Immediate neighboring verse containing the same catalog of regions (Parthians, Medes, Elamites; and residents of Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, etc.), showing this verse is part of the larger verbal list of the diverse crowd.
- Acts 2:11 (structural): Summarizes the effect of the multilingual crowd (they hear the apostles in their own tongues), linking the named regions in v.10 to the phenomenon of Spirit-enabled speech and comprehension.
- Joel 2:28-29 (quotation): Peter later cites Joel’s prophecy about the outpouring of the Spirit on all flesh as fulfilled in the Pentecost event; the presence of people from many lands (v.10) underscores the prophetic scope of that outpouring.
- Acts 6:9 (thematic): Lists Jewish opponents from Cilicia and Asia among those who debate Stephen—another illustration of the widespread Jewish diaspora communities (like those named in Acts 2:10) that provide the social context for early Christian witness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene, and visitors from Rome—both Jews and proselytes—
- Cretans and Arabs.
Acts.2.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Ιουδαιοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- τε: CONJ
- και: CONJ
- προσηλυτοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- Κρητες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- Αραβες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
- ακουομεν: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,pl
- λαλουντων: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,pl,masc
- αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
- ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
- ημετεραις: ADJ,dat,pl,f
- γλωσσαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
- τα: ART,acc,pl,n
- μεγαλεια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
Parallels
- Acts 2:4 (verbal): Same Pentecost event: the disciples are filled with the Spirit and begin to speak in other tongues—direct verbal parallel to 'we hear them speaking in our own tongues.'
- Acts 10:46 (thematic): Gentile conversion at Cornelius: those present 'heard them speaking in tongues and praising God,' showing the Spirit-bearing phenomenon and multilingual praise extends beyond Jerusalem.
- Acts 19:6 (thematic): Paul lays hands on believers in Ephesus and 'they spoke in tongues and prophesied,' another instance linking Spirit baptism with speaking in tongues in Acts.
- Genesis 11:1-9 (allusion): The Tower of Babel narrative about the confusion of languages serves as a rhetorical and theological foil—Pentecost reverses Babel by enabling peoples of many languages to hear the 'mighty works of God.'
- 1 Corinthians 14:21 (quotation): Paul cites Isaiah ('With other tongues...') to interpret tongues as a sign; this passage connects prophetic/Scriptural expectations about foreign tongues with the Pentecost phenomenon.
Alternative generated candidates
- Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring in our own tongues the mighty works of God.”
- And we hear them declaring in our own tongues the mighty works of God.
Acts.2.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- εξισταντο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,pl
- δε: CONJ
- παντες: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- και: CONJ
- διηπορουν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- αλλος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
- προς: PREP
- αλλον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
- λεγοντες·Τι: PART,pres,act,nom,pl,m
- θελει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- τουτο: PRON,nom,sg,n
- ειναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
Parallels
- Acts 2:7–8 (verbal): Immediate context in the same scene: the crowd is described as amazed/astonished and questioning one another about what is happening (similar vocabulary and reaction).
- Mark 1:27 (verbal): Crowd 'were all amazed' and asked 'What is this?' in response to Jesus' authoritative act—shares the same verb of astonishment and an interrogative reaction.
- Matthew 8:27 (thematic): After Jesus calms the storm the disciples ask, 'What manner of man is this?'—a comparable expression of astonishment and a searching question about the meaning/identity of the event.
- Acts 4:13 (thematic): Religious leaders 'marvelled' at the apostles' boldness and recognized they had been with Jesus—another instance of astonishment that links unexpected speech/behavior to Jesus.
Alternative generated candidates
- All were amazed and perplexed, asking one another, “What does this mean?”
- And they were all amazed and perplexed, saying one to another, "What does this mean?"
Acts.2.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ετεροι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
- δε: CONJ
- διαχλευαζοντες: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,pl,m
- ελεγον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
- οτι: CONJ
- Γλευκους: NOUN,gen,sg,n
- μεμεστωμενοι: VERB,perf,pass,ptc,nom,pl,m
- εισιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,pl
Parallels
- Acts 2:15 (verbal): Direct response to the mockers in v.13; Peter refutes the charge of drunkenness, saying it is only the third hour and instead the Spirit has been poured out.
- Luke 7:34 (verbal): Opponents of Jesus accuse him (or his companions) of being ‘a drunkard’ and a glutton—same social slur of intoxication used to discredit religious figures.
- Matthew 11:19 (verbal): Parallel to Luke 7:34 with identical charge that Jesus is called a glutton and drunkard—another instance of alleging drunkenness as a reproach.
- Isaiah 28:7 (thematic): Uses imagery of leaders/religious figures being ‘drunk’ on wine to criticize moral/spiritual failure—a prophetic precedent for attributing behavior to wine.
Alternative generated candidates
- But others, mocking, said, “They are filled with new wine.”
- But others jeered and said, "They are filled with new wine."
When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. And suddenly there came from heaven a sound like that of a mighty rushing wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting. And tongues appeared to them, like as of fire, distributed and resting on each one of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance. Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem devout men from every nation under heaven. And at the sound a crowd gathered, and they were bewildered, because each one heard them speaking in his own language.
They were all amazed and astonished, saying to one another, "Look—are not all these who are speaking Galileans?" And how is it that we hear, each of us, in our own native tongue?
Parthians, Medes, and Elamites; dwellers of Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia,
Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene, and visitors from Rome, both Jews and converts,
Cretans and Arabs—we hear them speaking in our own tongues the mighty works of God. And all were amazed and perplexed, saying to one another, "What does this mean?" But others, mocking, said, "They are full of new wine."