Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance
Isaiah 25:1-12
Isa.25.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- ארוממך: VERB,qal,imf,1,_,sg
- אודה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
- שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
- כי: CONJ
- עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- פלא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עצות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מרחוק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אמונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אמן: INTJ
Parallels
- Psalm 9:1 (verbal): Both open with a personal vow to praise and thank the LORD ('I will give thanks' / 'I will exalt you, I will praise your name') and introduce praise for God's deeds.
- Psalm 40:5 (verbal): Explicitly celebrates the 'many wonderful deeds' of God, paralleling Isaiah's assertion that God 'has done wonderful things'.
- Psalm 111:2-3 (thematic): Both stress the greatness and providential character of the LORD's works ('Great are the works of the LORD' / 'you have done wonderful things') and the fitting human response of praise.
- Isaiah 12:1-2 (structural): Within Isaiah itself, these verses form a parallel hymn of thanksgiving and trust ('I will give thanks to you, O LORD'), echoing the personal vow to praise God for his saving acts in 25:1.
Alternative generated candidates
- O LORD, my God, you are my exaltation; I will praise you, I will give thanks to your name, for you have done wondrous things—counsels from of old, faithful and sure.
- O LORD my God, you are my exaltation; I will praise your name. For you have done wondrous things—counsels from of old, faithful and sure.
Isa.25.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- שמת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מעיר: PREP
- לגל: PREP
- קריה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בצורה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- למפלה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ארמון: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- זרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מעיר: PREP
- לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יבנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:19-20 (verbal): Describes a great city made like Sodom and Gomorrah and left desolate/uninhabited—language and theme parallel Isaiah 25:2’s image of a city reduced to a heap and never rebuilt.
- Jeremiah 51:37 (verbal): Speaks of Babylon becoming heaps, a haunt for wild animals and without inhabitants—closely echoes the wording and motif of a city turned to a ruin and not rebuilt.
- Ezekiel 26:14 (verbal): Declares that Tyre will become a bare rock and ‘shall never be built’—shares the specific idea and formula of permanent destruction found in Isaiah 25:2.
- Genesis 19:25-26 (thematic): The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is the paradigmatic example of cities turned into ruins and uninhabited, a background motif underlying prophetic statements like Isaiah 25:2.
Alternative generated candidates
- For you have made the city a heap, the fortified city a ruin; the palace of foreigners is laid waste—never to be rebuilt.
- For you have made the city a heap, the fortified city a ruin; the palace of strangers—its city shall never be rebuilt.
Isa.25.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- על: PREP
- כן: ADV
- יכבדוך: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קרית: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- עריצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ייראוך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deut.28.10 (verbal): Speaks of all peoples seeing Israel called by YHWH’s name and fearing them—closely echoes Isa 25:3’s language of nations/hard city fearing and honoring.
- Isa.2.10-12 (structural): On the LORD’s day the proud and rulers of peoples are humbled and terrified; parallels the motif of nations and strong cities being made to fear before God’s exaltation.
- Isa.60.10-14 (thematic): Describes foreigners, nations and kings honoring and bringing tribute to Zion—a parallel theme of formerly hostile peoples honoring and fearing Israel.
- Ps.2.10-12 (thematic): Addresses kings and rulers, urging them to be wise and ‘serve the LORD with fear’; parallels the idea of powerful nations/rulers responding to divine authority with fear and reverence.
Alternative generated candidates
- Therefore a strong people will honor you; the city of ruthless nations will fear you.
- Therefore a strong people will glorify you; a city of ruthless nations will fear you.
Isa.25.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- היית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מעוז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדל: VERB,qal,inf
- מעוז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאביון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בצר: PREP
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- מחסה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מזרם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- צל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מחרב: PREP
- כי: CONJ
- רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עריצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כזרם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קיר: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
Parallels
- Psalm 9:9 (thematic): Declares the LORD as a refuge/stronghold for the oppressed and needy, echoing Isaiah’s theme of God as protector of the poor in distress.
- Psalm 46:1 (thematic): ‘God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble’ — similar portrayal of God as immediate protector in times of danger.
- Psalm 91:1 (verbal): ‘He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High’ uses shelter/shade imagery for divine protection, paralleling Isaiah’s ‘refuge…shade’ language.
- Isaiah 32:2 (verbal): ‘A man shall be as a hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest’—closely parallels Isaiah 25:4’s imagery of hiding place, refuge, and protection from storms.
- Nahum 1:7 (thematic): ‘The LORD is good, a stronghold in the day of trouble’—uses the same stronghold/fortress motif for God’s care of those in distress.
Alternative generated candidates
- For you have been a stronghold for the poor, a refuge for the needy in distress, a shelter from the storm and a shade from the heat; for the blast of the ruthless is like a storm against a wall.
- For you have been a stronghold for the poor, a refuge for the needy in his distress, a shelter from the storm and a shade from the heat; for the blast of the ruthless is like a driving wind against a wall.
Isa.25.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בציון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- תכניע: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,sg
- חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בצל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- זמיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עריצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יענה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 2:9 (thematic): Both verses depict God (or his anointed) subduing rulers/tyrants by forceful means—crushing or breaking the power of kings/tyrants.
- Psalm 46:9 (verbal): Speaks of God ending the tumult of the nations and breaking weapons; parallels Isaiah 25:5's image of quieting foreign uproar and subduing violent powers.
- Isaiah 10:27 (thematic): Within Isaiah's oracle tradition this verse similarly promises the removal of the oppressor's yoke and the destruction of oppressive military power.
- Micah 4:3 (thematic): Anticipates the cessation of armed violence and the subjection of warlike power—comparable to Isaiah 25:5's vision of silencing foreigners and afflicting tyrants.
Alternative generated candidates
- Like heat upon a parched land you subdue the uproar of foreigners; as heat in the shade of a cloud, the song of the tyrant is brought low.
- As the sound of a festival in Zion you will humble the tumult of foreigners; the song of the ruthless you will silence.
Isa.25.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- צבאות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לכל: PREP
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- משתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמנים: NUM,card,pl,m,abs
- משתה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שמנים: NUM,card,pl,m,abs
- ממחים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שמרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מזקקים: VERB,piel,ptcp,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:2-3 (structural): Both passages depict the exalted 'mountain of the LORD' as a focal place where many nations come—Isa. 25:6 specifies a universal banquet on that mountain.
- Isaiah 55:1-2 (thematic): Shares the motif of a divine invitation to eat and drink freely as part of God's saving provision; both portray sustenance as an image of salvation and blessing.
- Psalm 23:5 (thematic): Uses banquet/host imagery (a prepared table, anointing with oil) like Isa. 25:6's 'feast of fat things' and 'wines on the lees' to convey God's abundant care and honor for his people.
- Revelation 19:9 (allusion): The 'marriage supper of the Lamb' in Revelation echoes the eschatological, celebratory feast motif of Isa. 25:6—both envision a consummative, joyful banquet for God's people.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the LORD of hosts will prepare on this mountain for all peoples a feast of rich food, a feast of aged wines—rich fare full of marrow, refined, aged wines.
- On this mountain the LORD of hosts will prepare for all peoples a feast— a feast of rich food, a feast of choice, well-aged wines; of richness full of marrow, of refined wines clear and pure.
Isa.25.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובלע: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הלוט: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הלוט: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- והמסכה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- הנסוכה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- על: PREP
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Isa 25:8 (structural): Immediate context: the removal of the covering/veil on the mountain is followed by God swallowing up death and wiping away tears—explains the purpose of removing the veil.
- 2 Cor 3:13-16 (allusion): Paul picks up the image of a veil that remains over people when the old covenant is read and is removed when one turns to the Lord, echoing the OT motif of a veil obscuring perception.
- Exod 34:33-35 (verbal): Uses the same veil imagery (Moses covering his face after God’s glory) — a concrete Old Testament background for the idea of a covering over sight/knowledge.
- Isa 29:10-11 (thematic): Speaks of a spirit of deep sleep and a sealed vision that makes revelation obscure to the people—another Isaianic motif of divine 'covering' that prevents understanding.
- Matt 27:51 (thematic): The temple curtain is torn at Jesus’ death, symbolizing removal of a barrier/veil between God and people—a New Testament parallel to the idea of God removing a covering over the nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- On this mountain he will swallow up the covering that is spread over all peoples, the veil that is cast over all nations.
- On this mountain he will swallow up the covering that is spread over all peoples, the veil that is thrown over all nations.
Isa.25.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בלע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המות: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לנצח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומחה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- דמעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מעל: PREP
- כל: DET
- פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וחרפת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- יסיר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מעל: PREP
- כל: DET
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Revelation 21:4 (quotation): Echoes Isaiah 25:8 almost verbatim: God will wipe away every tear, and there will be no more death, mourning, crying, or pain (direct apocalyptic fulfillment/allusion).
- 1 Corinthians 15:54-55 (verbal): Paul borrows the image 'Death has been swallowed up in victory' (ὁ θάνατος καταπρόπται) paralleling Isaiah's 'He will swallow up death forever,' applying it to the resurrection victory.
- Hosea 13:14 (thematic): A neighbouring prophetic promise of victory over death and Sheol—'I will ransom them from the power of Sheol... O Death, I will be your plagues'—sharing the theme of God’s triumph over death.
- Revelation 20:14 (thematic): Describes the final disposal of Death and Hades ('thrown into the lake of fire'), resonating with Isaiah's proclamation that death will be abolished.
- Isaiah 35:10 (thematic): In the same prophetic corpus this verse promises the redeemed's return with everlasting joy and that 'sorrow and sighing shall flee away,' paralleling the wiping away of tears in Isa 25:8.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will swallow up death forever; the Sovereign LORD will wipe away tears from all faces, and he will remove the disgrace of his people from all the earth, for the LORD has spoken.
- He will swallow up death forever; the Sovereign LORD will wipe away the tears from all faces, and the disgrace of his people he will take away from all the earth, for the LORD has spoken.
Isa.25.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- הנה: PART
- אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- קוינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- ויושיענו: VERB,hiphil,imprf,3,m,sg,obj:1pl
- זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- קוינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- נגילה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,pl
- ונשמחה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,pl
- בישועתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 12:2-3 (verbal): Both verses proclaim 'Behold, God is my/our salvation' and call for trust, joy and drawing/celebrating the salvation the Lord gives.
- Psalm 33:20 (verbal): Contains the theme and wording of waiting for the LORD ('Our soul waits for the LORD; he is our help'), paralleling 'we have waited for him' and dependence on God for deliverance.
- Lamentations 3:25-26 (thematic): Affirms the blessedness of those who wait for the LORD and find his salvation, echoing the patient waiting and the resulting salvation/joy in Isaiah 25:9.
- Psalm 118:24-25 (thematic): Calls for rejoicing in the day the LORD has made and petitions the LORD for salvation, resonating with the call to 'be glad and rejoice in his salvation.'
- Romans 8:24-25 (thematic): New Testament reflection on waiting in hope for salvation: believers 'wait for it with patience,' paralleling the motif of awaiting the LORD and rejoicing when he saves.
Alternative generated candidates
- And it will be said on that day, “Behold, this is our God; we waited for him, and he will save us—this is the LORD for whom we waited. Let us rejoice and be glad in his salvation.”
- And it will be said on that day, “Behold, this is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us—this is the LORD; we have waited for him; let us be glad and rejoice in his salvation.”
Isa.25.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- תנוח: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,sg
- יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בהר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- ונדוש: CONJ+VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- מואב: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- תחתיו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כהדוש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מתבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- במו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מדמנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 25:9 (structural): Same context/chapter: the divine action 'on this mountain' leads to salvation and celebration after the LORD's victory—continues the theme of the LORD's dominion on the mountain where enemies are judged.
- Isaiah 16:6 (thematic): Another oracle concerning Moab's pride and impending downfall; both verses announce Moab's humiliation under God's judgment.
- Zephaniah 2:9 (thematic): Pronounces Moab's destruction—compares Moab's fate to Sodom—parallel theme of total devastation and divine trampling of Moab.
- Amos 2:1–3 (thematic): Amos' indictment of Moab and prophecy of punishment (fire, defeat) parallels Isaiah's announcement that Moab will be brought low by the LORD.
- Joel 3:13 (verbal): Uses the image of treading (the winepress) for divine judgment—parallels Isaiah's 'treading down' imagery for the LORD's treatment of nations/foes.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain, and Moab shall be trodden down under him, as straw is trodden in the dunghill.
- For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain, and Moab will be trampled under him as straw is trodden in a dunghill.
Isa.25.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ופרש: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ידיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
- בקרבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRS,3,sg
- כאשר: CONJ
- יפרש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- השחה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
- לשחות: VERB,qal,inf
- והשפיל: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- גאותו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- ארבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ידיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff:3,m,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 2:11-12 (thematic): Both passages foresee the humbling of human pride: lofty and haughty men are brought low by Yahweh's action—Isaiah 25:11 uses the image of a proud one's hands being humbled, Isaiah 2 depicts the bowing down of the arrogant.
- Isaiah 13:11 (verbal): Announces Yahweh's intent to 'lay low the arrogance of the proud' and punish haughtiness—parallels Isaiah 25:11's motif of God (or judgment) humbling the proud and overturning their boastful wealth/strength.
- Daniel 4:37 (thematic): Nebuchadnezzar's experience of being humbled by God echoes the theme of divine humiliation of the proud found in Isaiah 25:11: the powerful are made low so that God's sovereignty is acknowledged.
- Proverbs 16:18 (thematic): The proverb 'Pride goes before destruction' resonates with Isaiah 25:11's outcome: the proud (whose 'hands' signify power/wealth) are brought low and suffer ruin.
- Psalm 73:18-19 (thematic): Speaks of the sudden overthrow of the wicked and the bringing down of the proud—similar to Isaiah 25:11's depiction of pride and abundance (the 'hands') turned aside and humbled.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will spread out his hands in it, as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim; and he will bring down your pride with the craft of your hands.
- He will spread out his hands in its midst, as one who swims spreads his hands to swim; he will bring down their pride together with the spoil of their hands.
Isa.25.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ומבצר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- משגב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חומתיך: NOUN,f,sg,poss2ms
- השח: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- השפיל: VERB,hiph,perf,3,ms
- הגיע: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
- לארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- עפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezek.26:14 (verbal): Declares that Tyre's stones, timber and dust will be laid in the sea — linguistically and imagistically parallel to walls/fortress being brought low and reduced to dust.
- Nahum 3:5-6 (thematic): Portrays a fortified city whose strongholds fall like fig-trees and whose gates lie open; echoes the theme of proud walls and fortifications being humbled and stripped.
- Lam.2:8 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD's determination to destroy the wall of Zion — a close verbal and thematic parallel to the image of walls and strongholds being brought low.
- Jer.52:7 (thematic): Narrates the breaking down of Jerusalem's walls by Babylonian forces — a historical illustration of the same theme of walls and fortresses being razed to the ground.
- Zeph.2:13-15 (thematic): Prophesies the devastation of Assyria/Nineveh and the collapse of its strongholds into desolation — echoes Isaiah's motif of mighty walls humbled and laid low.
Alternative generated candidates
- The fortress, the stronghold—your walls—he will bring low; he will level them to the ground, to the very dust.
- He will lay low the fortified heights of your walls; he will make them reach the ground, to the dust.
O LORD, my God, you are my God; I will exalt you, I will praise your name; for you have wrought wondrous deeds—counsels from of old, faithful and sure.
For you have made the city a heap, the fortified city a ruin; the palace of strangers will never be rebuilt.
Therefore strong peoples will glorify you; a fortified city of ruthless nations will stand in fear of you.
For you have been a refuge for the poor, a stronghold for the needy in his distress—a shelter from the storm, a shade from the heat; for the blast of the ruthless is like a driving storm against a wall.
Like a drought on Zion you will bring low the clamor of strangers; like heat that withers the dew, the tumult of tyrants will be silenced.
On this mountain the LORD of hosts will prepare for all peoples a feast— a feast of rich food, a banquet of well‑aged wines; rich fare full of marrow, refined wines, well aged. And on this mountain he will swallow up the covering that is cast over all peoples, the veil that is spread over all nations.
He will swallow up death forever, and the Sovereign LORD will wipe away tears from all faces, and take away from all the earth the reproach of his people, for the LORD has spoken. And it will be said on that day, "Behold our God—to whom we looked for deliverance; this is the LORD for whom we waited; let us be glad and rejoice in his salvation!"
For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain, and Moab will be trampled under him as straw is trampled down in a dung‑pit.
He will spread out his hands in the midst of it, as a swimmer spreads his hands to swim, and will bring down the proud heart of Moab together with the boasting of its hands. And the fortress, the stronghold—your walls—he has laid low; they have fallen to the earth, their ruin leveled to the dust.