Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned
Jeremiah 36:1-32
Jer.36.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הרביעת: ADJ,ord,f,sg,def
- ליהויקים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאת: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 25:1 (verbal): Uses the same time-marker formula—'the word that came to Jeremiah' and 'in the fourth year of Jehoiakim'—repeating the commissioning/contextual frame for Jeremiah's prophecies.
- Jeremiah 1:2-3 (verbal): Another opening statement about divine revelation to Jeremiah—'the word of the LORD came to him' and references to the days of previous kings, establishing prophetic origin and historical setting.
- Isaiah 1:1 (structural): Typical prophetic superscription: 'The vision of Isaiah... in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah'—parallels Jeremiah 36:1's use of a historical/royal time-frame to situate prophetic material.
- Amos 1:1 (structural): Prophetic introduction giving author, kings, and temporal marker—similar genre convention to Jeremiah 36:1 that locates the prophecy within a specific reign and historical context.
- Hosea 1:1 (structural): Another prophetic superscription ('The word of the LORD that came to Hosea... in the days of Uzziah, etc.') that mirrors Jeremiah 36:1's formula for announcing divine communication and dating it by kings' reigns.
Alternative generated candidates
- The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah, saying:
- The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, saying:
Jer.36.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מגלת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכתבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אליה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- על: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- כל: DET
- הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- מיום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- מימי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ועד: CONJ+PREP
- היום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 30:2 (quotation): Same prophetic injunction to 'write in a book' the words the LORD has spoken—nearly identical wording and purpose.
- Isaiah 30:8 (verbal): Command to 'write it before them on a tablet, and inscribe it on a scroll'—close verbal and functional parallel about committing prophecy to a scroll.
- Habakkuk 2:2 (thematic): Instruction to 'write the vision and make it plain'—shares the theme of inscribing divine revelation for preservation and proclamation.
- Deuteronomy 31:24–26 (thematic): Moses' completion of writing the law 'in a book' and placing it beside the ark—an earlier precedent for preserving authoritative words in written form.
- Ezekiel 2:9–10 (allusion): Vision of a written scroll 'within and on the back' containing lamentations and words—uses the motif of a prophetic scroll as vessel of God's message.
Alternative generated candidates
- Take for yourself a scroll of a book and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you concerning Israel and Judah and all the nations, from the day I first spoke to you in the days of Josiah until this day.
- Take for yourself a scroll and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you concerning Israel and Judah and all the nations, from the day I began speaking to you, from the days of Josiah until now.
Jer.36.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אולי: ADV
- ישמעו: VERB,qal,imf,3,mp
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אנכי: PRON,1,sg
- חשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- למען: PREP
- ישובו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדרכו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- וסלחתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
- לעונם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- ולחטאתם: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Jeremiah 18:7-8 (verbal): Same prophetic formula: if I announce disaster against a nation but that nation turns from its evil, God will relent and not bring the planned calamity—close verbal and contextual parallel within Jeremiah.
- 2 Chronicles 7:14 (verbal): Promises that if God's people 'turn from their wicked ways' he will 'forgive their sin' and heal the land—echoes the conditional link between repentance and forgiveness in Jer 36:3.
- Ezekiel 18:21-23 (thematic): Stresses that when the wicked turn from sin and do what is lawful and right, God will grant life rather than death—emphasizes divine willingness to forgive when people repent.
- Jonah 3:10 (thematic): After Nineveh's repentance God 'relented' and did not bring the disaster he had threatened—an explicit narrative example of announced judgment averted by repentance.
- Joel 2:13-14 (thematic): Calls for heartfelt return to the LORD and immediately raises the possibility that God may 'turn and relent' from bringing disaster if the people repent—parallels the causal connection between repentance and divine forgiveness.
Alternative generated candidates
- Perhaps the house of Judah will hear all the disaster that I plan to bring upon them, so that each may turn from his evil way; then I will relent of the punishment and of the storm that I have planned against them.
- Perhaps the house of Judah will hear of all the disaster that I plan to bring upon them, and each will turn from his evil way, so that I may relent of the punishment and of the sin.
Jer.36.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויכתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- מגלת: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 30:2 (verbal): God's direct command to Jeremiah: 'Write all the words that I have spoken to you in a book,' closely matching the act of Jeremiah dictating and Baruch writing in Jer 36:4.
- Exodus 34:27 (verbal): YHWH's instruction to Moses to 'write these words,' a comparable divine mandate to put God's words into writing for preservation and transmission.
- Deuteronomy 31:9,24 (structural): Moses 'wrote this law' and completed the writing of the words of the law—parallels the institutional pattern of leaders recording God's revelations for archives and public use.
- Habakkuk 2:2 (verbal): The prophet is told to 'write the vision and make it plain on tablets,' echoing the prophetic practice of committing divine speech to written form as in Jer 36:4.
- 2 Kings 22:8–11 (cf. 2 Chronicles 34:14–19) (thematic): Shaphan the scribe reads the book of the law found in the temple and communicates it to the king—parallels the role of a scribe (Baruch/Shaphan) in recording and handling prophetic/scriptural documents.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jeremiah called Baruch son of Neriah, and Baruch wrote from Jeremiah's mouth all the words of the LORD which he had spoken to him on the scroll.
- And Jeremiah called Baruch son of Neriah; and Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the LORD which he had spoken to him on a scroll.
Jer.36.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- עצור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- אוכל: VERB,qal,part,1,m,sg
- לבוא: VERB,qal,inf
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:10 (structural): Immediate literary parallel: Baruch goes into the temple to read the written words because Jeremiah says he is confined and cannot come.
- Jeremiah 32:2-3 (thematic): Both passages depict Jeremiah as restricted/confined (shut up in the court of the guard), explaining limits on his movements and public ministry.
- Deuteronomy 31:11-13 (thematic): Prescribes public reading of God's law 'in the hearing of all Israel' at the place of the LORD—parallels Baruch's public reading of Jeremiah's scroll in the temple.
- 2 Kings 22:8-11 (see also 2 Chronicles 34:14-18) (structural): A royal scribe reads a discovered scroll of the law before the king/people in the temple context; similar dynamics of a written prophetic/ legal text being read publicly by a scribe.
- Ezekiel 3:24-27 (thematic): Ezekiel is also commanded to be bound and not speak or go freely among the people for a time—another instance of a prophet constrained in action and speech.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then Jeremiah commanded Baruch, saying, 'I am confined; I cannot go into the house of the LORD.'
- Then Jeremiah commanded Baruch, saying, “I am confined; I cannot go into the house of the LORD.
Jer.36.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובאת: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- וקראת: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms
- במגלה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כתבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- צום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגם: CONJ
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- כל: DET
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הבאים: PART,qal,ptcp,masc,pl,def
- מעריהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+SUFF,3,m,pl
- תקראם: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg+OBJ,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 31:11-13 (structural): Commands public reading of God's law 'before all Israel' at a gathering so that the people hear and learn—parallel instruction to read God's words aloud to all the people.
- Jeremiah 26:2 (verbal): Jeremiah is told to stand in the court of the LORD's house and speak to all the cities of Judah—closely parallels the mandate here to read God's words in the temple to all Judah.
- Nehemiah 8:2-8 (thematic): Ezra reads the law aloud to a gathered assembly and explains it so the people can hear and understand—similar public, communal reading of sacred text in a central place.
- 2 Kings 23:1-3 (structural): In Josiah's reform the book of the covenant is read in the presence of the king and all the people of Judah in the temple—historical precedent for reading authoritative scripture publicly to all Judah.
- Ezekiel 33:7-9 (thematic): Prophetic responsibility to warn the people (watchman motif); if the prophet fails to proclaim the word, the people's blood is required—parallels the duty to proclaim God's message publicly.
Alternative generated candidates
- 'You, therefore, go and read in the scroll the words that you have written from my mouth, the words of the LORD, in the hearing of the people in the house of the LORD on the day of fasting; and also in the hearing of all Judah who come from their cities to Jerusalem.'
- You therefore shall go and read the scroll that you have written from my mouth the words of the LORD in the hearing of the people in the house of the LORD on the day of fasting, and also in the hearing of all Judah who come from their cities.
Jer.36.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אולי: ADV
- תפל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תחנתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מדרכו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- כי: CONJ
- גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- האף: PART
- והחמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Jonah 3:9-10 (thematic): Narrative example where the people of Nineveh repent and God 'relents' from the disaster he had threatened—parallels Jeremiah's hope that supplication and turning from evil might avert divine wrath.
- Joel 2:12-14 (allusion): Calls for inner repentance ('return to the LORD') and asks rhetorically whether God may 'turn and relent'—similar language and theological move to Jeremiah's 'perhaps' their prayer will cause God to stay his anger.
- 2 Chronicles 7:14 (verbal): Promises that if the people 'humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways,' God will hear and heal—closely parallels Jeremiah's link between supplication, turning from evil, and averting God's wrath.
- Ezekiel 18:30-32 (verbal): Direct exhortation to 'turn every one from his evil way' with the assurance that God does not desire the death of the wicked—echoes Jeremiah's appeal to repentance to escape pronounced judgment.
- Isaiah 55:6-7 (thematic): Urges seeking the LORD and forsaking wicked ways with the promise of mercy—thematically aligned with Jeremiah's hope that repentance and supplication will mitigate divine anger.
Alternative generated candidates
- Perhaps their supplication will come before the LORD, and each will turn from his evil way; for the fierce anger and great wrath which the LORD has pronounced against this people is great.
- Perhaps their supplication will come before the LORD, and they will each turn from his evil way; for the anger and the wrath which the LORD has pronounced against this people is great.”
Jer.36.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נריה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ככל: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- צוהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+OBJ:3,m,sg
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לקרא: VERB,qal,infc
- בספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:4 (verbal): Same scene—Baruch writes down all the words of Jeremiah into a roll; close verbal parallel within the same episode.
- Deuteronomy 31:9-13 (structural): Mosaic injunction to read the law publicly before all Israel on a regular basis—structural precedent for public reading of sacred writings in the assembly/house of the LORD.
- 2 Kings 22:8-20 (thematic): Hilkiah finds the book of the law and it is read to King Josiah, prompting reform—thematic parallel of discovery/reading of authoritative sacred text and its public proclamation.
- 2 Chronicles 34:14-19 (quotation): Parallel account to 2 Kings emphasizing the reading of the discovered book to the king and people—an independent retelling of the public reading motif.
- Nehemiah 8:2-8 (thematic): Ezra reads the Law aloud in the assembly at the Water Gate/house of God and Levites explain it—close thematic parallel of public reading and explanation of divine words in the temple context.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Baruch son of Neriah did all that Jeremiah the prophet commanded, reading aloud from the scroll the words of the LORD in the house of the LORD.
- So Baruch son of Neriah did all that Jeremiah the prophet commanded him, reading in the scroll the words of the LORD in the house of the LORD.
Jer.36.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בשנה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החמשית: ADJ,ord,f,sg,def
- ליהויקים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יאשיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- התשעי: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- קראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- צום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הבאים: PART,qal,ptcp,masc,pl,def
- מערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בירושלם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jonah 3:5 (verbal): Nation-wide fast proclaimed "from the greatest to the least" after a prophet's warning—parallels the communal fast called in Jerusalem.
- 2 Chronicles 20:3-4 (thematic): King Jehoshaphat proclaims a fast throughout Judah and the people assemble before the LORD—similar royal/communal response to crisis.
- Ezra 8:21 (thematic): Ezra proclaims a fast to seek God's protection on a journey—example of a leader calling a public fast before the LORD.
- Nehemiah 9:1-3 (structural): Large assembly of Israelites gather in fasting and confession from surrounding towns—parallels the gathering of people from the cities of Judah.
- Joel 2:15 (thematic): Call to "sanctify a fast" and call a solemn assembly in Zion—liturgical/communal language comparable to Jeremiah's proclamation.
Alternative generated candidates
- In the fifth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, they proclaimed a fast before the LORD for all the people in Jerusalem and for all the people who had come from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem.
- And it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah, in the ninth month, that they proclaimed a fast before the LORD all the people in Jerusalem, and all the people who came from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem.
Jer.36.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- בספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בלשכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,construct
- גמריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בחצר: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- העליון: ADJ,m,sg,def
- פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- החדש: NOUN,m,sg,def
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- כל: DET
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:4 (verbal): Immediate narrative parallel: Baruch writes down all Jeremiah's words on a scroll and prepares it to be read — directly linked to the act of public reading in v.10.
- 2 Kings 22:8-11 (allusion): Connection in cast of characters and temple context: Shaphan (and his family) are involved in transmitting a temple scroll to authorities and reading it before leadership, echoing Gemariah son of Shaphan and the temple reading in Jer 36:10.
- Nehemiah 8:1-8 (thematic): Public reading of sacred writing to the assembled people near a gate of the sanctuary, with explanation — parallels the communal, public proclamation of Jeremiah's scroll in the temple precincts.
- Deuteronomy 31:9-11 (thematic): Legal/ritual precedent for periodic public reading of a scroll 'in the hearing of all Israel' so that all may learn and fear the LORD — a background motif for the public temple reading in Jer 36:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- Baruch read in the scroll the words of Jeremiah in the chamber of Gemariah son of Shaphan the scribe, in the upper court at the entrance of the new gate of the LORD's house, in the hearing of all the people.
- And Baruch read from the scroll the words of Jeremiah in the chamber of Gemariah son of Shaphan the scribe, which was in the upper court at the entrance of the new gate of the house of the LORD, in the hearing of all the people.
Jer.36.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וישמע: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- מכיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גמריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מעל: PREP
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 22:8-11 (verbal): A discovered book of the LORD is read aloud and heard by officials (including Shaphan or his circle); both passages feature hearing God’s words from a written scroll.
- 2 Chronicles 34:14-19 (structural): Parallel account of the book found in the temple and read to the king and elders; similar cast of characters (Hilkiah, Shaphan family) and the public reception of a written divine message.
- Nehemiah 8:2-8 (thematic): Ezra publicly reads the Law from a book and the people listen attentively; echoes the episode of public reading/hearing of God’s words from a scroll and communal response.
- Acts 8:30-35 (thematic): An individual reads a prophetic scroll (Isaiah) and receives explanation/hearing of its meaning; parallels the dynamic of scripture being read aloud and prompting instruction and action.
Alternative generated candidates
- When Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll,
- And Micaiah son of Gemariah son of Shaphan heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll.
Jer.36.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וירד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- לשכת: NOUN,f,sg,constr
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והנה: ADV
- שם: ADV
- כל: DET
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- יושבים: VERB,qal,ptcp,act,3,m,pl
- אלישמע: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ודליהו: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שמעיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואלנתן: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עכבור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגמריהו: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שפן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדקיהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חנניהו: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:9-11 (structural): Immediate context — describes Baruch/Jehudi reading the scroll in the chamber of the scribe before the princes; same scene and participants, showing continuity of the narrative.
- 2 Kings 22:8-14 (verbal): Parallel episode in Josiah’s reign — the royal officials and Shaphan the scribe bring and read the discovered book of the law before the king; overlaps in setting, function of scribes, and presence of the Shaphan family.
- 2 Chronicles 34:14-22 (structural): Chronicles’ parallel account of the discovery and reading of the law in Josiah’s reign; similar cast of royal officials and scribal activity, providing a comparable institutional setting to Jeremiah’s scene.
- Jeremiah 26:24 (allusion): Mentions Ahikam son of Shaphan protecting Jeremiah — connects the Shaphan family and its influence among the king’s officials, relevant to the list of princes present in Jer 36:12.
Alternative generated candidates
- he went down to the king's house to the scribe's chamber; there were seated all the princes, Elishama the scribe among them, and Delaiah son of Shemaiah, and Elnathan son of Achbor, and Gemariah son of Shaphan, and Zedekiah son of Hananiah, and all the princes.
- Then the king’s attendants went down into the scribe’s chamber, and there sat all the princes: Elishama the scribe, Delaiah son of Shemaiah, Elnathan son of Achbor, Gemariah son of Shaphan, Zedekiah son of Hananiah, and all the princes.
Jer.36.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- מכיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בקרא: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- בספר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 31:9-13 (structural): Command that the law be read publicly to all Israel (men, women, children, so they hear) — parallels the public reading of prophetic/authoritative text in Jer 36 and the transmission of its contents to the people.
- 2 Kings 22:8-20 (thematic): Discovery and public reading of a sacred book (the law) to the king and people with significant reaction — thematically similar to Baruch’s public reading of Jeremiah’s scroll and the resulting responses to prophetic words.
- Nehemiah 8:2-8 (structural): Ezra reads the law aloud to the assembled people and the leaders explain it so the people understand — parallels the act of reading a sacred text aloud in the hearing of the populace and transmission/interpretation of its message.
- Ezekiel 3:1-3 (thematic): Prophet is given a scroll to eat and internalize so he can speak God’s words to the people — parallels the process of receiving, recording, and proclaiming prophetic speech embodied in Jeremiah/Baruch/Micaiah’s transmission.
- Acts 8:30-35 (thematic): An individual reads Scripture and another (Philip) explains its meaning to him — parallels the dynamic of public/scripture reading followed by transmission and explanation to others (reporting what was heard).
Alternative generated candidates
- Micaiah reported to them all the words that he had heard Baruch read in the hearing of the people.
- And Micaiah declared to them all the words that he had heard when Baruch read the scroll in the hearing of the people.
Jer.36.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלחו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אל: NEG
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- יהודי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נתניהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כושי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- המגלה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- קראת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- קחנה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg+PRON,3,f,sg
- בידך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff,2,m,sg
- ולך: CONJ+PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
- ויקח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- המגלה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
- ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:4 (structural): Describes Baruch's original act of writing Jeremiah's words on a scroll—the document that the officials later seek in 36:14.
- Jeremiah 36:10 (verbal): Records that the scroll was read 'in the hearing of all the people' (in the temple precincts), matching the phrase in 36:14 about what 'you read before the people.'
- Jeremiah 36:23-26 (structural): Narrates the immediate sequence in which Jehudi reads portions before the princes and the king, and the officials order the scroll to be brought—closely parallel to the mission to Baruch in 36:14.
- Jeremiah 45:2-5 (allusion): A message addressed specifically to Baruch after the events of chapter 36; thematically connected by Baruch's peril and God's word concerning his wellbeing and call to endurance.
- Nehemiah 8:2-8 (thematic): An analogous scene of a public reading of sacred text before the assembled people (Ezra/Nehemiah), highlighting the motif of an official public proclamation of divine instruction like Jeremiah/Baruch's reading.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then all the princes sent Jehudi son of Nethaniah son of Shelemiah son of Cushi to Baruch, saying, 'Take the scroll which you read in the hearing of the people and come.' So Baruch took the scroll in his hand and went to them.
- Then all the princes sent Jehudi son of Nethaniah son of Shelemiah son of Cushi to take the scroll which he had read in the hearing of the people; so they took the scroll out of Baruch son of Neriah’s hand and brought it to them.
Jer.36.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- שב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- נא: PART
- וקראנה: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg,+OBJ,3,f,sg
- באזנינו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,poss_1pl
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- באזניהם: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:4 (structural): Same chapter instructs Baruch to 'read them in their hearing' and to deliver the written words publicly—direct antecedent to the request that he read again.
- Deuteronomy 31:11-13 (thematic): Commands public reading of the law before the assembly so that all (including children and strangers) may hear and learn—parallels the communal hearing and repeated reading in Jeremiah 36:15.
- Nehemiah 8:2-8 (thematic): Ezra the scribe reads the law aloud to all the people who listen attentively and seek understanding—a clear parallel of public proclamation, communal attention, and rereading for comprehension.
- Habakkuk 2:2 (verbal): The prophet is told to 'write the vision' plainly so it can be read—echoes the practice in Jeremiah 36 of inscribing prophetic words to be read aloud to the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- They said to him, 'Sit down now and read it in our hearing.' So Baruch read it aloud before them.
- And they said to him, “Bring the scroll and come; read it to us.” So Jehudi read it to them.
Jer.36.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כשמעם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- פחדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- רעהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- אל: NEG
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- הגיד: VERB,hifil,perf,3,m,sg
- נגיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
Parallels
- 2 Kings 22:8-13 (structural): A discovered scroll is read aloud to royal officials who are alarmed and proceed to bring the matter to the king—parallel situation of public reading producing fear and report to the king.
- 2 Chronicles 34:14-21 (structural): Chronicle parallel to 2 Kings 22: the book of the law is found, read, and the officials take the news to the king—closely mirrors Jeremiah 36’s reportage dynamic.
- Nehemiah 8:9-12 (thematic): A public reading of God’s word provokes strong communal emotion (fear/weeping) and an immediate communal response—similar reaction to Jeremiah’s public reading.
- Acts 2:37 (thematic): After a bold public proclamation of God’s word, hearers are struck with conviction/fear and urgently address the leaders with a question of action—parable of hearers’ fearful, decisive reaction to prophetic proclamation.
Alternative generated candidates
- When they heard all the words, each was afraid of his neighbor. They said to Baruch, 'Tell us now what we are to report to the king concerning all these words.'
- When they heard all the words they were afraid, one toward another; and they said to Baruch, “Report these words to the king.”
Jer.36.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- שאלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- הגד: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- נא: PART
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- איך: ADV
- כתבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- מפיו: PREP+NOUN+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:4 (verbal): Same narrative moment earlier: Baruch is commanded to write down “all the words” that Jeremiah had spoken — direct verbal parallel about composing the scroll from the prophet’s mouth.
- Isaiah 30:8 (verbal): God instructs the prophet to ‘write it on a tablet’ as a record of his words — similar commission to set prophetic speech down in writing.
- Habakkuk 2:2 (thematic): The command to ‘write the vision and make it plain’ echoes the theme of preserving prophetic speech in written form for public reading and preservation.
- Ezekiel 2:9–10 (structural): A prophetic scroll is explicitly written out (and later consumed by the prophet) — parallels the motif of a written prophetic book/scroll as the medium of divine message.
- 2 Kings 22:8–11 (thematic): Hilkiah and Shaphan bring a written book of the law to the king and read it aloud; parallels the reading/handling of authoritative written revelation before royal officials.
Alternative generated candidates
- They also asked Baruch, 'Now tell us plainly: how did you write down all these words from his mouth?'
- And they questioned Baruch, saying, “Now tell us how you wrote all these words from his mouth.”
Jer.36.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- מפיו: PREP+NOUN+PRON,3,m,sg
- יקרא: VERB,niphal,impf,3,m,sg
- אלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
- ואני: PRON,1,sg
- כתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- על: PREP
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בדיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON:3ms
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:2 (verbal): Directly parallels the prior instruction to 'take a scroll and write on it all the words I have spoken to you'—the immediate narrative basis for Baruch's act of writing the words on a book/scroll.
- Jeremiah 30:2 (verbal): Uses the same command-form language ('Write in a book all the words that I have spoken to you'), reflecting the recurring prophetic motif of recording divine oracles on a book/scroll.
- Habakkuk 2:2 (thematic): The prophet is commanded to 'write the vision and make it plain on tablets'—a parallel theme of inscribing prophetic revelation so it can be publicly read and preserved.
- Isaiah 30:8 (verbal): 'Now go, write it before them on a tablet...' echoes the instruction to set God's words down in writing for presentation to others, linking the prophetic act of writing across texts.
- Deuteronomy 31:24-26 (structural): Moses 'finished writing the words of this law in a book' and entrusted it to the priests—a cultic/scribal precedent for composing and preserving authoritative divine revelation in a written book/scroll.
Alternative generated candidates
- Baruch answered them, 'He called them to me, and I wrote them with ink on the scroll.'
- Baruch answered them, “He read them to me, and I wrote them with ink in the scroll.”
Jer.36.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אל: NEG
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- הסתר: INFABS,qal
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- וירמיהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- איפה: ADV
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:26 (verbal): Same episode: after the princes tell Baruch and Jeremiah to hide, the king orders a search for them (language of seeking/not finding mirrors the hiding instruction).
- Jeremiah 26:20–24 (thematic): Accounts of officials intervening to protect Jeremiah from arrest and execution (Ahikam and others), showing the motif of authorities sheltering or shielding a prophet under threat.
- 1 Kings 18:13 (thematic): Obadiah describes hiding a hundred prophets in caves to protect them from Jezebel’s wrath—parallel theme of concealing God’s servants to keep them safe.
- 1 Samuel 19:11–12 (thematic): When Saul seeks David’s life, David is aided in escape and hidden (by Michal and others); similar situation of imminent danger and instruction or action to conceal the threatened person.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the princes said to Baruch, 'You and Jeremiah must hide yourselves; let no one know where you are.'
- Then the princes said to Baruch, “You and Jeremiah must hide yourselves; let no one know where you are.”
Jer.36.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- אל: NEG
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- חצרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- המגלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הפקדו: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,pl
- בלשכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
- אלישמע: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויגידו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- 2 Kings 22:8-13 (structural): Hilkiah the priest finds a book of the law and Shaphan brings it and reads it before King Josiah — a closely parallel scene of a discovered scroll/book being presented and read to a king.
- 2 Chronicles 34:14-21 (structural): Chronicle parallel to 2 Kings 22: describes the discovery of the book and the official reading to King Josiah; reinforces the motif of a sacred text read in the royal court.
- Nehemiah 8:1-8 (thematic): Ezra reads the Law publicly to the assembly and the Levites explain it — parallels the public/proclamatory function of reading an authoritative scroll and communicating its contents to leaders/people.
- Daniel 9:2 (quotation): Daniel reads Jeremiah's prophecy concerning the seventy years and responds in prayer. This is an explicit use of Jeremiah's written oracle and shows later reception and reading of prophetic books.
- Ezekiel 2:9-10 (thematic): Ezekiel is given a scroll containing lamentations and instructed to consume and then proclaim its words — parallels the motif of a prophetic scroll as a physical medium conveying divine message to be read/announced.
Alternative generated candidates
- They went to the king's house to the scribe Elishama's chamber and deposited the scroll there, and told all the words in the hearing of the king.
- So they went into the king’s chamber, and they laid up the scroll in Elishama the scribe’s chamber; and they reported the matter to the king.
Jer.36.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- יהודי: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לקחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המגלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויקחה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg+PRON,3,f,sg
- מלשכת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cs
- אלישמע: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויקראה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהודי: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- באזני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ובאזני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+SUF,1,sg
- כל: DET
- השרים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- העמדים: VERB,qal,ptc,0,m,pl
- מעל: PREP
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Jer.36.9 (structural): Earlier in the chapter Baruch (and Jehudi) publicly reads the same roll in the house of the LORD before the people—same act of public reading of Jeremiah's written message.
- 2 Kings 22:11 (thematic): A discovered/written book is brought and read to the king and his officials (the book of the law read to King Josiah)—parallel situation of a written message presented to the royal court.
- 2 Chronicles 34:14 (thematic): Chronicles' account of the discovery and presentation of the law to King Josiah parallels the motif of a sacred text being fetched and read before the king and princes.
- Dan.5:25 (thematic): A written message (the mysterious handwriting) is read/interpreted before a king and his nobles—shares the setting of a written text addressed to a royal audience.
Alternative generated candidates
- The king sent Jehudi, and he took the scroll from Elishama the scribe's chamber and read it in the hearing of the king and all the princes who stood beside the king.
- Then the king sent Jehudi to fetch the scroll; and Jehudi took it out of Elishama the scribe’s chamber and read it in the hearing of the king and of all the princes who stood beside the king.
Jer.36.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והמלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- החרף: NOUN,m,sg,def
- בחדש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- התשיעי: ADJ,ord,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- האח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- מבערת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:23 (structural): Immediate continuation of the scene: the king orders the scroll cut and burned. Directly parallels the setting (king in his winter house with a fire) and the action that follows.
- Jeremiah 36:25 (structural): Continues the same episode—after the scroll is burned the king issues commands regarding Baruch and the prophet. Shows the chain of events connected to the royal audience in the winter house.
- 2 Kings 22:11–20 (thematic): Another royal encounter with a discovered book of God’s word (the Book of the Law). Contrasts Josiah’s responsive repentance and reform with Jehoiakim’s hostile reception and destruction of prophetic text.
- Ezekiel 3:1–3 (thematic): The prophet is told to ingest (eat) a scroll of God’s words—an alternative prophetic handling of a written message. The passage thematically contrasts internalizing God’s word with Jehoiakim’s external destruction of it.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the king sat in the winter house in the ninth month, with a fire burning before him.
- Now the king sat in the winter apartment in the ninth month; and there was a fire burning on the hearth before him.
Jer.36.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- כקרוא: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
- יהודי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שלש: NUM,card,f,sg
- דלתות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- וארבעה: CONJ+NUM,card,m,sg
- יקרעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בתער: PREP
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- והשלך: CONJ+VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אל: NEG
- האח: NOUN,m,sg,def
- עד: PREP
- תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- המגלה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- על: PREP
- האש: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- על: PREP
- האח: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Ezek. 2:9-10; 3:1-3 (verbal): Both passages feature a prophetic roll/scroll as a tangible object of divine revelation; Ezekiel is commanded to receive and eat the scroll (3:1-3), paralleling Jeremiah’s scroll as an acted-upon written word.
- Rev. 10:9-10 (allusion): John is given a little scroll to take and eat (sweet then bitter), echoing the prophetic-scroll motif—Revelation deliberately alludes to Old Testament images of prophetic books and their symbolic handling.
- Acts 19:19 (thematic): New Testament example of people publicly burning written materials (books of magic) as renunciation—parallels the act of consuming/destroying writings by fire in Jeremiah 36:23.
- 2 Chron. 34:14-19 (cf. 2 Kings 22) (structural): Discovery and reverent reading of the Book of the Law under Josiah provides a structural/thematic contrast to Jehoiakim’s cutting up and burning of Jeremiah’s scroll—a pair showing different royal responses to sacred texts.
- Exod. 32:19 (thematic): Moses breaks the stone tablets of the covenant when he sees Israel’s idolatry; thematically akin to destruction of inscribed divine revelation—both depict physical destruction of covenantal/written revelation in the face of apostasy.
Alternative generated candidates
- As Jehudi read three or four columns, the king cut the scroll with a knife and cast it into the fire that was on the hearth until the whole scroll was consumed in the fire on the hearth.
- It happened, as Jehudi read three or four columns, that the king cut it with the scribe’s knife and cast the paper into the fire on the hearth until all the scroll was consumed by the fire that was on the hearth.
Jer.36.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ולא: CONJ
- פחדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- קרעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- בגדיהם: NOUN,m,pl,poss
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- השמעים: PART,qal,ptc,m,pl,def
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- האלה: DEM,pl
Parallels
- 2 Kings 22:11 (thematic): Contrast in royal reaction to discovery of God's word: King Josiah 'tore his clothes' on hearing the book of the Law, whereas Jehoiakim and his servants did not fear or tear their garments (Jer.36:24).
- 2 Chronicles 36:15-16 (thematic): Describes the people’s repeated refusal to heed God’s messengers—mocking and despising prophets—which parallels the lack of fear and rejection of Jeremiah’s words by the king and his court.
- Zechariah 7:11-12 (thematic): Speaks of people who 'refused to pay attention' and 'made their hearts like flint' against God’s servants—a thematic parallel to the court’s hard-hearted, unafraid response to prophetic warning in Jer.36:24.
- Job 1:20 (thematic): Example of the customary ancient Near Eastern gesture of tearing garments in shock or mourning: Job 'arose, tore his robe'—contrasting with Jer.36:24 where the king and servants did not rend their clothes on hearing the prophet’s message.
Alternative generated candidates
- But neither the king nor his servants who heard all these words were afraid, nor did they tear their garments.
- Yet the king and all his attendants who heard all these words showed no fear, nor did they tear their garments.
Jer.36.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וגם: CONJ
- אלנתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ודליהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגמריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפגעו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
- במלך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבלתי: PART,neg
- שרף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המגלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ולא: CONJ
- שמע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:26 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: after the officials' plea is ignored, Jehudi reads and the king cuts up and burns the scroll—directly parallels the same episode.
- Jeremiah 26:24 (thematic): Ahikam son of Shaphan intercedes to save Jeremiah from being handed over to the people for execution—similar motif of officials/judges protecting a prophet or his message from royal or popular punishment.
- Acts 19:19 (thematic): New Testament example of people burning books in response to a transformative revelation (magic scrolls burned by converts); parallels the motif of destroying written material when confronted by authoritative truth.
- Jeremiah 1:18–19 (allusion): God’s warning that kings and officials will oppose Jeremiah but not prevail echoes the theme here of officials/king confronting prophetic words and the prophet’s vulnerability before royal power.
Alternative generated candidates
- Elnathan and Delaiah and Gemariah pleaded with the king not to burn the scroll, but he would not listen to them.
- Even Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah pleaded with the king not to burn the scroll, but he would not listen.
Jer.36.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצוה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- ירחמאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- שריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עזריאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- שלמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עבדאל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לקחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הנביא: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויסתרם: VERB,niphal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 38:6-13 (structural): Same book—Jeremiah is seized and mistreated by officials (thrown into a cistern) showing a recurrent pattern of hostile officials arresting the prophet and his eventual deliverance.
- 2 Kings 6:14-18 (thematic): Aramean soldiers are sent to seize Elisha, but God intervenes (blinding them and protecting his servant), paralleling divine protection of a prophet from arrest.
- 1 Samuel 19:11-12 (thematic): Saul sends men to seize David, but David is hidden/escapes (with Michal's help); similar motif of a ruler dispatching agents to capture an anointed/prophetic figure and the figure being preserved.
- Daniel 6:22 (thematic): God miraculously preserves Daniel from mortal peril after human authorities seek to destroy him, reflecting the broader theme of divine rescue of a faithful servant from arrest or execution.
- Acts 12:6-11 (thematic): Peter is kept from capture/imprisonment by an angelic intervention and escorted out of prison—New Testament parallel of God rescuing his messenger from custody.
Alternative generated candidates
- The king commanded Jerahmeel the king's son, Seraiah son of Azriel, and Shelemiah son of Abdeel to take Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet; so they took them, but the LORD hid them.
- Then the king commanded Jerahmeel the king’s son, and Seraiah son of Azriel, and Shelemiah son of Abdeel to seize Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet; but the LORD had hidden them.
Jer.36.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אחרי: PREP
- שרף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- המלך: NOUN,m,sg,def
- את: PRT,acc
- המגלה: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:1-4 (structural): The opening account of the same episode: God commands Jeremiah to dictate his prophecies to Baruch and have them written on a scroll (the material that is later burned).
- Jeremiah 36:28-32 (structural): Immediate continuation: after the scroll is burned God tells Jeremiah to take another scroll, write the words again, and adds further judgment—direct sequel to 36:27.
- Jeremiah 45:2-5 (thematic): Baruch's lament and God's reply about his personal prospects—connects to Baruch's role as Jeremiah’s scribe and the consequences for him after the events of ch. 36.
- Isaiah 30:8 (verbal): God instructs Isaiah 'write it on a tablet' (or 'write it on a scroll')—a verbal parallel in which a prophet is commanded to put God’s message into written form.
- Ezekiel 3:1-3 (allusion): Ezekiel receives a written scroll which he is told to eat (internalize) and then proclaims—a related prophetic motif of handling/receiving God’s written word comparable to Jeremiah’s dictation and preservation of prophetic text.
Alternative generated candidates
- The word of the LORD came to Jeremiah after the king had burned the scroll and the words that Baruch had written from Jeremiah's mouth, saying,
- Now after the king had burned the scroll in the fire, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, saying,
Jer.36.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שוב: ADV
- קח: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- מגלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחרת: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- וכתב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הדברים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- הראשנים: ADJ,m,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- היו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- על: PREP
- המגלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הראשנה: ADJ,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שרף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהויקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:32 (verbal): Immediate parallel account: Jeremiah composes another roll containing all the words of the first after Jehoiakim burned the original (repeats the command in v.28).
- Jeremiah 36:23-24 (verbal): Describes Jehoiakim’s action of cutting up and burning the scroll — the event that precipitates the command in v.28 to make a new copy.
- Ezekiel 2:9-10 (thematic): Prophetic scroll motif: Ezekiel is given a written scroll (to eat and internalize) containing God’s words — parallels the idea of a prophet’s message being fixed in a written roll to be received and transmitted.
- Habakkuk 2:2 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel in the prophetic injunction to write down the message plainly on tablets — the motif of preserving a revelation in writing for public reading and preservation.
- Deuteronomy 17:18 (thematic): Instruction for a king to write out a personal copy of the law — relates to the theme of authoritative writings being copied and kept in the royal/proper custody rather than destroyed.
Alternative generated candidates
- 'Take another scroll and write on it all the former words that were in the first scroll which Jehoiakim king of Judah burned.
- Take another scroll and write on it all the former words that were on the scroll which Jehoiakim king of Judah burned.
Jer.36.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- יהויקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- תאמר: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אתה: PRON,2,m,sg
- שרפת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- המגלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- מדוע: ADV
- כתבת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יבוא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- בבל: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- והשחית: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- והשבית: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ממנה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובהמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:23 (quotation): Same narrative incident: this verse is the prophetic indictment of Jehoiakim after he took the roll and burned it (36:21–23 describes the actual cutting up and burning). Direct textual parallel within the same episode.
- Jeremiah 26:11 (thematic): Rejection and threatened violence against Jeremiah for prophesying that Babylon will come. Shows the recurring pattern of officials resisting Jeremiah’s warnings about Babylon’s judgment.
- Ezekiel 2:9–3:3 (structural): Shared ‘scroll’ motif: Ezekiel is given a scroll to eat (to internalize God’s message). Structurally contrasts the prophet internalizing Scripture with Jehoiakim’s act of destroying the written word.
- Revelation 10:9–10 (allusion): John eats a little scroll (an image deriving from Ezekiel) — another instance of a prophet consuming a written revelation. Evokes the same scroll-imagery and highlights different responses to a divine message compared with Jehoiakim’s burning of it.
- Acts 19:19 (thematic): Public burning of written material (magic books) as an act with religious significance. Parallels the symbolic meaning of destroying writings: rejection or renunciation of a competing religious authority or message.
Alternative generated candidates
- 'And concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah you shall say, Thus says the LORD: You have burned this scroll, saying, Why have you written on it that the king of Babylon will come and destroy this land and cut off from it both man and beast?'
- And concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah you shall say, ‘Thus says the LORD: You have burned this scroll, saying, “Why have you written therein that the king of Babylon will come and destroy this land, and cut off man and beast from it?”’
Jer.36.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לכן: ADV
- כה: ADV
- אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- יהויקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- לא: PART_NEG
- יהיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- לו: PRON,3,m,sg
- יושב: VERB,qal,ptcp,1,m,sg
- על: PREP
- כסא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונבלתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
- תהיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
- משלכת: VERB,qal,part,f,sg
- לחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- ולקרח: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בלילה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Jeremiah 22:18-19 (verbal): Nearly identical oracle against Jehoiakim: declares he will have no one to sit on David’s throne and his dead body will be cast out to the heat by day and the frost by night; Jeremiah 36:30 repeats this earlier prophecy.
- Psalm 89:3-4 (thematic): Affirms God’s promise to establish David’s throne for all generations; Jeremiah’s verdict on Jehoiakim stands in stark tension with the expectation of an enduring Davidic dynasty.
- Ezekiel 21:25-27 (thematic): Pronounces removal/overturning of the scepter and transfer of rule—shares the motif of loss of kingship and divine judgment that lies behind Jeremiah’s declaration about Jehoiakim.
- Ezekiel 37:24-25 (structural): Envisions a future ‘David’ who will reign over Israel (restoration of Davidic rule); structurally this contrasts Jeremiah’s announcement that Jehoiakim will leave no successor on the throne, highlighting interruption and eventual restoration themes.
Alternative generated candidates
- 'Therefore thus says the LORD concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have no one to sit upon the throne of David, and his dead body shall be cast out to the day for the heat and to the night for the frost.'
- Therefore thus says the LORD concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have no one to sit upon the throne of David, and his dead body shall be cast out to the heat by day and to the frost by night.
Jer.36.31 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ופקדתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,com,sg
- עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- זרעו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- עבדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
- את: PRT,acc
- עונם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
- והבאתי: VERB,hif,perf,1,m,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- ועל: CONJ+PREP
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- ולא: CONJ
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Exodus 20:5 (verbal): Uses the formula of God 'visiting the iniquity' on children and servants for the sins of the fathers—same language and legal-theological motif of punished descendants.
- Numbers 14:18 (verbal): Repeats the phrase about God visiting the iniquity of parents on later generations; echoes the covenantal consequence language found in Jer 36:31.
- Jeremiah 7:25-26 (thematic): Jeremiah earlier records persistent prophetic warnings and Israel’s refusal to listen, leading to the promised judgment—same reason-statement ('they did not hear') as motive for punishment.
- 2 Chronicles 36:16-17 (structural): Summarizes Judah’s mocking of God’s messengers and the resulting deportation by Babylon—historical fulfillment of judgments announced because the people would not heed warnings.
- Ezekiel 18:20 (thematic): Offers a contrasting theological stance—'the son shall not bear the iniquity of the father'—useful for understanding divergent traditions about individual versus generational responsibility compared with Jer 36:31.
Alternative generated candidates
- 'I will punish him and his offspring and his servants for their iniquity, and I will bring on them and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem and on the men of Judah all the disaster that I have pronounced against them, because they did not listen.'
- I will punish him and his offspring and his servants for their iniquity, and I will bring on them—and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem and on the men of Judah—all the calamities that I have spoken against them, because they would not listen.
Jer.36.32 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וירמיהו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לקח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מגלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אחרת: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- ויתנה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נריהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויכתב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
- מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ירמיהו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- כל: DET
- דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
- הספר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- שרף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהויקים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ועוד: CONJ
- נוסף: VERB,niphal,part,3,m,sg
- עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- דברים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רבים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- כהמה: ADV
Parallels
- Jeremiah 36:2 (verbal): The immediate precursor: God commands Jeremiah to have Baruch write down all the words spoken—this is the same commissioning to produce the scroll that is later burned and recopied.
- Deuteronomy 31:24-26 (structural): Moses writes the law in a book and entrusts it to the Levites for preservation—parallels the practice of putting divine words into a durable written form for safekeeping and public reading.
- Isaiah 8:1-2 (verbal): Isaiah is commanded to write a sign on a large tablet and record a prophetic message—similar prophetic use of writing as a communicative and symbolic act.
- 2 Chronicles 34:14-19 (thematic): The book of the law is found and read to King Josiah, provoking a royal reaction and reform—parallels Jeremiah 36 in that a written divine text is read before royal officials and elicits a decisive response (contrasted here with Jehoiakim’s burning of the scroll).
- Jeremiah 51:59-64 (thematic): A prophetic scroll is read publicly as a sign and then disposed of (bound and thrown into the Euphrates) — parallels the treatment of prophetic scrolls as symbolic acts and the motif of deliberate destruction/ritual handling of written prophecy.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch son of Neriah the scribe; Baruch wrote on it from Jeremiah's mouth all the words of the scroll that Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire, and there were added to them many similar words.
- So Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch son of Neriah, and Baruch wrote on it from the mouth of Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire; and many additional words were added to them.
The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah, saying:
Take for yourself a scroll of a book, and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you concerning Israel and Judah and all the nations, from the day I first spoke to you until this day.
Perhaps when the house of Judah hears all the disaster that I have planned to bring upon them they will each turn from their evil way; then I will relent of the punishment and forgive their sin and iniquity. And Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah, and Baruch wrote from Jeremiah's mouth all the words of the LORD that he had spoken to him on a scroll. And Jeremiah commanded Baruch, saying, 'I am confined; I cannot go into the house of the LORD.
You go, therefore, and you shall read from the scroll the words of the LORD in the hearing of the people in the house of the LORD on the day of fasting; and in the hearing of all Judah who come from their cities to Jerusalem you shall read them aloud.
Perhaps their petition will come before the LORD, and each will turn from his evil way; for great is the anger and the fury that the LORD has pronounced against this people.' So Baruch the son of Neriah did all that Jeremiah the prophet commanded him to do, reading in the scroll the words of the LORD in the house of the LORD.
In the fifth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, they proclaimed a fast before the LORD all the people in Jerusalem and all the people who came from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem. And Baruch read the words of Jeremiah from the scroll in the house of the LORD in the chamber of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe, in the upper court at the entrance of the New Gate of the LORD's house, in the hearing of all the people.
When Micaiah the son of Gemariah the son of Shaphan heard all the words of the LORD from the scroll,
the king's household went down to the scribe's chamber; and behold, all the princes were sitting there—Elishama the scribe, Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, Elnathan the son of Achbor, Gemariah the son of Shaphan, Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the princes. And Micaiah reported to them all the words that he had heard when Baruch read the scroll in the hearing of the people.
Then all the princes sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Cushi, to take the scroll which Baruch had read in the hearing of the people; and Jehudi took the scroll from Baruch's hand and came in to them. And they said to him, 'Take it, please, and read it.' So Jehudi read it in their hearing.
When they had heard all the words, they feared one to another, and they said to Baruch, 'Declare it— we will report all these words to the king.' And they asked Baruch, 'Now tell us, how did you write all these words from his mouth?'
Baruch answered them, 'He called me, and he declared all these words to me, and I wrote them with ink on a scroll.'
Then the princes said to Baruch, 'You and Jeremiah be silent; and let no one know where you are.' So they went to the king's court and deposited the scroll in the chamber of Elishama the scribe, and they told the king all the words.
Then the king sent Jehudi to fetch the scroll; and Jehudi took it from the chamber of Elishama the scribe and read it in the hearing of the king and of all the princes who stood beside the king. Now the king sat in the winter house in the ninth month, and a fire was burning on the hearth before him.
As Jehudi read three or four columns, the king cut it with the scribe's knife and threw it into the fire on the hearth until the entire scroll was consumed by the fire that was on the hearth.
Yet neither the king nor any of his servants who heard all these words were afraid, nor did they tear their garments. But Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah pleaded with the king not to burn the scroll; and the king paid no heed to them.
Then the king commanded Jerahmeel the king's son, and Seraiah the son of Azriel, and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel to take Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet; but the LORD hid them. Now the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah after the king had burned the scroll and the words that Baruch had written from Jeremiah's mouth, saying,
Take another scroll and write on it all the former words that were in the first scroll which Jehoiakim king of Judah burned. And you shall say to Jehoiakim king of Judah, 'Thus says the LORD: You have burned this scroll, saying, Why have you written on it that the king of Babylon shall come and destroy this land and cut off from it man and beast?'
Therefore thus says the LORD concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: He shall have no one to sit on the throne of David, and his dead body shall be exposed to the heat by day and to the frost by night.
I will punish him, his offspring, and his servants for their iniquity; and I will bring on them, and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem and on the men of Judah, all the evil that I have pronounced against them, because they did not heed my words.' So Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch the son of Neriah the scribe; and Baruch wrote on it at Jeremiah's dictation all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire, and many other words were added to them besides.