Psalms 8–9
Psalm 8:1-9
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Psa.8.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- למנצח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- על: PREP
- הגתית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מזמור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Hebrews 2:6-8 (quotation): Directly quotes and applies Psalm 8:4-6 (’What is man...’) to Christ, citing the language about man’s place and God’s subjecting of the created order.
- 1 Corinthians 15:27 (verbal): Paul echoes Psalm 8:6’s wording about God putting all things in subjection under Christ’s feet when discussing the subjection of the dead and the last enemy.
- Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Both psalms praise God’s majesty revealed in creation—’the heavens declare the glory of God’ parallels Psalm 8’s hymn to God’s name displayed through the skies and human place within creation.
- Psalm 148:3-5 (thematic): A communal creation-hymn calling celestial and natural powers to praise the LORD, closely parallel in theme and function to Psalm 8’s cosmic praise motif.
- Isaiah 40:26 (allusion): Rhetorical summons to consider the heavens and recognize God’s sovereign power echoes Psalm 8’s contemplative praise of God displayed in the heavens and creation.
Alternative generated candidates
- To the choirmaster. On the Gittith. A Psalm of David.
- For the choirmaster; on the Gittith. A Psalm of David.
Psa.8.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אדנינו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1pl
- מה: PRON,int
- אדיר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- שמך: NOUN,m,sg,cs,2,m,sg
- בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תנה: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
- הודך: NOUN,m,sg,pr2ms
- על: PREP
- השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Psalm 113:4 (verbal): Uses almost identical idea/phrase — 'The LORD is high above the nations; his glory above the heavens,' paralleling 'you have set your glory above the heavens.'
- Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Both verses link the heavens and the display of God's glory—'The heavens declare the glory of God' echoes the theme of God's name and glory being manifest in the cosmos.
- Psalm 29:2 (thematic): Calls for ascribing glory to God's name and worship in 'the splendor of his holiness,' paralleling the summons to acknowledge God's majestic name and glory.
- Isaiah 6:3 (thematic): Heavenly praise of God's holiness and glory ('Holy, holy, holy... the whole earth is full of his glory') connects to the psalm's focus on God's majestic name and glory filling creation.
Alternative generated candidates
- O LORD, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth! You have set your glory above the heavens.
- O LORD, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth! You have set your glory above the heavens.
Psa.8.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- מפי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עוללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וינקים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- יסדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למען: PREP
- צורריך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+2ms
- להשבית: VERB,hiph,inf
- אויב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומתנקם: CONJ+VERB,hithp,ptc,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Matt.21:16 (quotation): Direct NT citation of the Psalm’s line about praise coming from the mouths of children (quotes Ps 8:2/3), applied to children praising Jesus in the temple.
- Luke 10:21 (thematic): Jesus gives thanks that God has revealed truth to 'infants' rather than the wise—echoes theme of revelation/strength coming through the weak (parallel to mouths of babes).
- 1 Cor.1:27 (thematic): Paul’s assertion that God chooses the weak and foolish to shame the strong parallels the Psalm’s idea of God establishing power from infants to confound enemies.
- Heb.2:6-9 (quotation): Hebrews quotes and interprets Psalm 8 (verses 4–6) about humanity’s place and God’s exaltation/restoration—closely related to the Psalm’s theme of God vindicating and honoring human beings despite weakness.
Alternative generated candidates
- From the mouths of infants and nursing babes you have established strength—because of your foes, to silence the enemy and the avenger.
- From the mouths of infants and nursing babes you have founded strength, to silence the foe and the avenger.
Psa.8.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אראה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
- שמיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+suff-2ms
- מעשי: NOUN,m,pl,const
- אצבעתיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs,2ms
- ירח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכוכבים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אשר: PRON,rel
- כוננתה: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg,3fsobj
Parallels
- Genesis 1:16 (verbal): Speaks of God making the two great lights and the stars—parallels the Psalm's reference to the moon and stars as God's handiwork.
- Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Both verses focus on the heavens as a revelation of God—'the heavens declare the glory of God' echoes 'I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers.'
- Psalm 147:4 (verbal): Declares that God determines the number of the stars and gives them names, resonating with the image of God arranging the moon and stars.
- Isaiah 40:26 (thematic): Invites the reader to look at the heavens and recognize the Creator who brings out and numbers the stars—similar theme of contemplating God's handiwork in the sky.
- Job 9:9 (thematic): Lists constellations (the Bear, Orion, Pleiades) as objects formed by God, echoing Psalm 8's focus on the created heavens and God's sovereignty over the stars.
Alternative generated candidates
- When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers—the moon and the stars that you have set in place,
- When I see your heavens—the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars that you have fixed in place—
Psa.8.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- מה: PRON,int
- אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תזכרנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- ובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- תפקדנו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Hebrews 2:6 (quotation): Directly cites Psalm 8:4–6 ('What is man...') and applies the language to the exaltation/suffering of the Son, using the verse as an inspired quotation.
- Psalm 144:3 (verbal): Uses nearly identical wording ('What is man, that you take knowledge of him?') in a prayer, echoing the same rhetorical question about human littleness before God.
- Job 7:17 (verbal): Employs the same rhetorical question ('What is man, that you make so much of him?') to meditate on human frailty and God's attention, a close verbal and thematic parallel.
- Luke 12:6–7 (thematic): Develops the theme of God's attentive care for humanity (noting sparrows and numbering hairs), affirming the special value and divine mindfulness of human beings implied in Psalm 8:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?
- what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?
Psa.8.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ותחסרהו: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
- מעט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מאלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- וכבוד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והדר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תעטרהו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Hebrews 2:6-9 (quotation): Direct NT quotation/allusion to Psalm 8 (LXX): the human one 'made a little lower than the angels' and crowned with glory and honor—applied to Christ's incarnation and exaltation.
- Genesis 1:26-27 (thematic): Foundation for human dignity: mankind created in God's image and given dominion—parallels Psalm 8's theme of humanity's honored status under God.
- 1 Corinthians 11:7 (verbal): States that 'man is the image and glory of God,' echoing Psalm 8's language of human honor and divine-bestowed glory.
- Colossians 3:10 (thematic): Speaks of being 'renewed in knowledge after the image of its Creator,' resonating with Psalm 8's emphasis on humanity's likeness to God and restored dignity.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have made him a little lower than God; you have crowned him with glory and honor.
- You have made him little lower than God; you crown him with glory and honor.
Psa.8.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- תמשילהו: VERB,hiphil,impf,2,m,sg
- במעשי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ידיך: NOUN,f,pl,cs,2ms
- כל: DET
- שתה: VERB,qal,impv,2,sg
- תחת: PREP
- רגליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3,m
Parallels
- Hebrews 2:6-8 (quotation): Directly cites and expands Ps 8:4-6, including the language of putting ‘all things’ under his feet to speak of Christ’s appointed dominion.
- 1 Corinthians 15:27 (verbal): Paul quotes the Psalm’s phrase nearly verbatim—‘God has put all things in subjection under his feet’—in discussing Christ’s victory over all things.
- Ephesians 1:22 (allusion): Paul echoes the Psalm’s idea that God placed all things under Christ’s feet and appointed him head over all things (applied to the church).
- Psalm 110:1 (thematic): Shares the foot/footstool motif of divine subjection—‘sit at my right hand…until I make your enemies a footstool’—a related image of sovereign rule under the feet.
- Matthew 28:18 (thematic): Jesus’ claim that ‘all authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me’ parallels the Psalm’s theme of universal rule and subjection under his feet.
Alternative generated candidates
- You have given him dominion over the works of your hands; you have put all things under his feet:
- You set him over the works of your hands; you have put everything under his feet.
Psa.8.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- צנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואלפים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
- וגם: CONJ
- בהמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 1:26-28 (thematic): God grants humans dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and every living thing — background for Psalm 8’s catalogue of creatures and human rule.
- Genesis 9:2 (thematic): After the Flood God gives humanity authority over animals ('the beasts of the earth are given into your hand'), echoing Psalm 8’s theme of human dominion over living creatures.
- Psalm 104:25-30 (thematic): Celebrates the sea and its living creatures and God’s sustaining care for them, paralleling Psalm 8’s listing of birds and sea-creatures as part of God’s ordered creation.
- Hebrews 2:6-8 (quotation): Directly cites and applies Psalm 8 (including the idea of subjects under feet) to the exaltation and then subjection of humanity/Christ, explicitly echoing Psalm 8’s dominion motif.
- 1 Corinthians 15:27 (quotation): Paul quotes Psalm 8’s language about putting all things under Christ’s feet, using the Psalm’s claim of universal subjection to speak of Christ’s victory and the ordering of creation.
Alternative generated candidates
- sheep and oxen—all of them—and also the beasts of the field;
- Sheep and oxen—all of them—and also the beasts of the field;
Psa.8.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- צפור: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ודגי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,const
- הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארחות: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 1:20-22 (verbal): The creation account commissioning birds of the air and fish of the sea—uses the same categories (birds/sea creatures) and similar language about their place in creation.
- Genesis 1:26-28 (thematic): Human dominion over the creatures is assigned here (including birds and fish); Psalm 8 lists these creatures in the context of humanity’s God‑given rule.
- Psalm 104:25-26 (thematic): Speaks of the sea, its living creatures, and their movement through the waters—echoes the Psalm 8 image of fish and the paths of the seas.
- Job 12:7-10 (thematic): Points to beasts, birds and fish as revealing God’s wisdom and sustaining power—resonates with Psalm 8’s focus on creatures as part of God’s ordered world.
Alternative generated candidates
- the birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea, whatever passes along the paths of the seas.
- the birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea, whatever passes the paths of the seas.
To the choirmaster: on the Gittith. A psalm of David.
O LORD, our Lord, how majestic is your name in all the earth! You who have set your glory above the heavens.
From the mouths of infants and nursing babes you have established strength, because of your foes, to silence the enemy and the avenger.
When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers—the moon and the stars that you have established,
what is man that you are mindful of him, and the son of man that you care for him?
You have made him a little lower than God, and crowned him with glory and honor.
You have given him dominion over the works of your hands; you have put all things under his feet.
Sheep and oxen, all of them, and also the beasts of the field;
the birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea—whatever passes along the paths of the seas.