Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin

Acts 7:1-53

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 Then the high priest said, "Are these things so?"

Acts.7.1 - Details

Translation

Then the high priest said, "Are these things so?"

Original Text

Ειπεν δε ο αρχιερευς·Ει ταυτα ουτως εχει;

Morphology

  • Ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • αρχιερευς·Ει: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
  • ουτως: ADV
  • εχει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg

Parallels

  • John 18:19 (verbal): The high priest himself questions the accused (Jesus) about his teaching and disciples—parallel instance of a religious authority interrogating a defendant.
  • Matthew 26:62-63 (verbal): The high priest addresses Jesus and demands an answer about the charges—similar courtroom setting and the presiding officer's question to the accused.
  • Mark 14:60-61 (structural): The high priest repeatedly questions the accused and seeks a confession; parallels Acts 7:1 as the opening of an official interrogation scene.
  • Luke 23:3 (thematic): An authority (Pilate) asks a pointed question of the accused ('Are you the King of the Jews?'), reflecting the broader theme of judicial questioning of defendants in Gospel/Acts narratives.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the high priest said, “Are these things so?”
  • Then the high priest said, "Are these things so?"
2 And he said, "Brothers and fathers, listen: The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran.

Acts.7.2 - Details

Translation

And he said, "Brothers and fathers, listen: The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran.

Original Text

ο δε εφη·Ανδρες αδελφοι και πατερες,ακουσατε·Ο θεος της δοξης ωφθη τω πατρι ημων Αβρααμ οντι εν τη Μεσοποταμια πριν η κατοικησαι αυτον εν Χαρραν,

Morphology

  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • εφη·Ανδρες: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • αδελφοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • και: CONJ
  • πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • ακουσατε·Ο: VERB,aor,act,imp,2,pl
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • δοξης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • ωφθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • πατρι: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • οντι: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • Μεσοποταμια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • πριν: ADV
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • κατοικησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • Χαρραν: NOUN,dat,sg,f

Parallels

  • Genesis 12:1-5 (allusion): Stephen's mention of Abraham in Mesopotamia before dwelling in Haran alludes to the call narrative where Abram is summoned to leave Ur/Harān and go to the land God will show him.
  • Genesis 12:7 (verbal): Genesis 12:7 says 'the LORD appeared to Abram,' paralleling Stephen's language that 'God... appeared to our father Abraham'—a close verbal echo of divine appearance to Abram.
  • Genesis 17:1 (thematic): God's repeated 'appearance' to Abraham (e.g., Gen 17:1) reinforces the motif Stephen invokes of God manifesting himself to the patriarch at various stages of his life.
  • Hebrews 11:8 (thematic): Hebrews highlights Abraham's obedient response to God's call to leave his country; thematically this connects to Stephen's account of Abraham's beginnings in Mesopotamia and God's call that set his journey in motion.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And he replied, “Brothers and fathers, hear me. The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran,
  • And Stephen replied, "Brothers and fathers, listen: The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was in Mesopotamia before he lived in Haran,
3 And he said to him, 'Go out from your land and from your kindred and come into the land that I will show you.'

Acts.7.3 - Details

Translation

And he said to him, 'Go out from your land and from your kindred and come into the land that I will show you.'

Original Text

και ειπεν προς αυτον·Εξελθε εκ της γης σου και εκ της συγγενειας σου,και δευρο εις την γην ην αν σοι δειξω.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • προς: PREP
  • αυτον·Εξελθε: PRON,acc,sg,m + VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
  • εκ: PREP
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
  • και: CONJ
  • εκ: PREP
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • συγγενειας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
  • και: CONJ
  • δευρο: ADV
  • εις: PREP
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • αν: PART
  • σοι: PRON,dat,sg,2
  • δειξω: VERB,aor,act,subj,1,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 12:1 (quotation): Direct citation of God's command to Abram to leave his country and go to the land God would show him—the same words Stephen attributes to God.
  • Genesis 26:3 (allusion): God repeats the promise to Isaac—'to you and your offspring I will give this land'—echoing the patriarchal call and land promise originally given to Abraham.
  • Hebrews 11:8 (thematic): Summarizes Abraham's obedient response to God's call—'By faith Abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to a place that he was to receive as an inheritance'—paralleling the theme of departure in Acts 7:3.
  • Acts 7:2 (structural): Immediate context in Stephen's speech: the preceding verse introduces the appearance of God to Abraham and sets up the quotation in 7:3, linking the narrative framework.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and said to him, ‘Go out from your land and from your kindred and come into the land that I will show you.’
  • and said to him, 'Go out from your land and from your kindred and come into the land that I will show you.'
4 Then he went out from the land of the Chaldeans and lived in Haran; and from there, after his father died, God moved him into this land in which you now dwell.

Acts.7.4 - Details

Translation

Then he went out from the land of the Chaldeans and lived in Haran; and from there, after his father died, God moved him into this land in which you now dwell.

Original Text

τοτε εξελθων εκ γης Χαλδαιων κατωκησεν εν Χαρραν.κακειθεν μετα το αποθανειν τον πατερα αυτου μετωκισεν αυτον εις την γην ταυτην εις ην υμεις νυν κατοικειτε,

Morphology

  • τοτε: ADV
  • εξελθων: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
  • εκ: PREP
  • γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • Χαλδαιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • κατωκησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • εν: PREP
  • Χαρραν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • κακειθεν: ADV
  • μετα: PREP
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • αποθανειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • μετωκισεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • εις: PREP
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • γην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • ταυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
  • εις: PREP
  • ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
  • νυν: ADV
  • κατοικειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl

Parallels

  • Genesis 11:31 (verbal): Reports that Terah took Abram from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Haran (Abram 'went out' from the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Haran), matching Stephen's opening clause about leaving the Chaldean land and dwelling in Haran.
  • Genesis 11:32 (structural): States that Terah died in Haran, providing the background for Stephen's claim that after his father's death Abram moved on to the land of Canaan.
  • Genesis 12:1-5 (verbal): Describes God's call to Abram to leave Haran for the land of Canaan and Abram's subsequent departure with his household—paralleling Stephen's statement that Abram moved to the land where the listeners now live.
  • Hebrews 11:8-9 (thematic): Summarizes Abraham's obedient pilgrimage by faith, living as a sojourner in the promised land—echoing Stephen's portrayal of Abraham's migration from Haran to the land promised to his descendants.
  • Joshua 24:2 (allusion): Joshua recounts that Terah the father of Abraham lived 'beyond the Euphrates' (with reference to the family origin in Mesopotamia), similar to Stephen's locating Abraham's origin in the Chaldean/Haran region.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then he went out from the land of the Chaldeans and lived in Haran; and after his father died, God removed him from there into this land in which you now dwell.
  • So he went out from the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Haran; after his father died, God moved him from there into this land in which you now dwell.
5 Yet he gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot's breadth, but promised to give it to him as a possession and to his offspring after him, though he had no child.

Acts.7.5 - Details

Translation

Yet he gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot's breadth, but promised to give it to him as a possession and to his offspring after him, though he had no child.

Original Text

και ουκ εδωκεν αυτω κληρονομιαν εν αυτη ουδε βημα ποδος,και επηγγειλατο δουναι αυτω εις κατασχεσιν αυτην και τω σπερματι αυτου μετ᾽αυτον,ουκ οντος αυτω τεκνου.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • κληρονομιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • εν: PREP
  • αυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
  • ουδε: CONJ,neg
  • βημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • ποδος: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • επηγγειλατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • δουναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εις: PREP
  • κατασχεσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • σπερματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • μετ᾽αυτον: PREP+PRON,acc,sg,m
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • οντος: PART,pres,act,gen,sg,m
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • τεκνου: NOUN,gen,sg,n

Parallels

  • Genesis 12:7 (quotation): God promises to give the land to Abram's offspring ('To your offspring I will give this land'), directly paralleling Stephen's citation of the divine promise of possession.
  • Genesis 15:18-21 (quotation): The covenantal grant of the land to Abram's descendants ('I give to you...the land')—a formalization of the promise Stephen refers to about possession for Abram's seed.
  • Genesis 17:8 (quotation): God's promise that the land of Canaan will be an everlasting possession for Abram and his offspring, echoing Stephen's claim that the land was promised despite Abraham having no child then.
  • Hebrews 11:9-10 (thematic): Speaks of Abraham living as a sojourner in the promised land and looking forward to the heavenly city—reflects the theme that Abraham did not receive full earthly possession immediately.
  • Galatians 3:16 (verbal): Uses the concept of 'seed' (singular) and the promise to Abraham's seed to explain inheritance through promise, relating to Acts' emphasis on the promise to Abraham and his offspring.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot of ground, yet he promised to give it to him as an inheritance and to his offspring after him, while he had no child.
  • Yet he gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot of ground, but promised to give it to him as a possession and to his offspring after him, though he had no child.
6 And God spoke thus: 'Your descendants will be sojourners in a land not their own; they shall be enslaved and oppressed for four hundred years.

Acts.7.6 - Details

Translation

And God spoke thus: 'Your descendants will be sojourners in a land not their own; they shall be enslaved and oppressed for four hundred years.

Original Text

ελαλησεν δε ουτως ο θεος οτι εσται το σπερμα αυτου παροικον εν γη αλλοτρια,και δουλωσουσιν αυτο και κακωσουσιν ετη τετρακοσια·

Morphology

  • ελαλησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • ουτως: ADV
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • οτι: CONJ
  • εσται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,sg
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • σπερμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • παροικον: ADJ,nom,sg,n
  • εν: PREP
  • γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • αλλοτρια: ADJ,nom,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • δουλωσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
  • αυτο: PRON,acc,sg,neut
  • και: CONJ
  • κακωσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
  • ετη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • τετρακοσια·: NUM,acc,pl,n

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:13 (quotation): Stephen is echoing God's promise to Abram that his offspring would be strangers in a land not theirs and would be enslaved and afflicted for four hundred years — the source of the line in Acts.
  • Exodus 1:14 (verbal): Describes the Egyptians' harsh bondage and cruel treatment of the Israelites ('afflicted them with hard service'), paralleling Acts' language about being enslaved and mistreated.
  • Exodus 12:40-41 (verbal): Gives the tradition of Israel's sojourn in Egypt (chronology often cited as 430 years) and the end of that period with the Exodus, relating to Acts' reference to the long period of sojourning and servitude.
  • Galatians 3:17 (allusion): Paul speaks of the interval of years between the promise to Abraham and the giving of the law (430 years), an interpretive tradition that parallels Acts' use of ancestral chronology and promise.
  • Hebrews 11:13 (thematic): Portrays the patriarchs as strangers and pilgrims on the earth, echoing the theme of Abraham's seed living as sojourners in a foreign land found in Acts 7:6.

Alternative generated candidates

  • God spoke thus, that his offspring would be sojourners in a foreign land, and that they would be enslaved and afflicted four hundred years.
  • God spoke thus: 'Your offspring will be strangers in a land not their own, and they shall be enslaved and oppressed four hundred years.
7 But I will judge the nation that enslaves them,' said God, 'and afterwards they shall come out and serve me in this place.'

Acts.7.7 - Details

Translation

But I will judge the nation that enslaves them,' said God, 'and afterwards they shall come out and serve me in this place.'

Original Text

και το εθνος ω εαν δουλευσουσιν κρινω εγω,ο θεος ειπεν,και μετα ταυτα εξελευσονται και λατρευσουσιν μοι εν τω τοπω τουτω.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • εθνος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
  • ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εαν: CONJ
  • δουλευσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
  • κρινω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
  • εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • και: CONJ
  • μετα: PREP
  • ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
  • εξελευσονται: VERB,fut,mid,ind,3,pl
  • και: CONJ
  • λατρευσουσιν: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,pl
  • μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
  • εν: PREP
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • τοπω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • τουτω: DEM,dat,sg,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 15:13-14 (quotation): Stephen is directly echoing God’s words to Abram: his offspring will be strangers and enslaved in a foreign land, and God will judge the nation that enslaves them and bring them out.
  • Exodus 3:21-22 (allusion): God’s promise that the Egyptians will favor Israel and give them silver, gold and garments when they leave parallels the idea of Israel’s release and coming out with spoil.
  • Exodus 12:35-36 (verbal): The account that Israel despoiled the Egyptians when they went out (Egyptians giving them valuables) corresponds to the promise they would come out and serve God in that place with possessions.
  • Genesis 50:24-25 (thematic): Joseph’s declaration that God will surely visit and bring Israel out of Egypt to the promised land echoes the same expectation of future deliverance that Stephen attributes to the patriarchal promise.

Alternative generated candidates

  • ‘And I will judge the nation that they serve,’ God said; ‘and after that they shall come out and worship me in this place.’
  • But I will judge the nation that they serve,' said God; 'and afterward they shall come out and worship me in this place.'
8 And he gave him the covenant of circumcision; and so Abraham became the father of Isaac, and circumcised him on the eighth day; and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.

Acts.7.8 - Details

Translation

And he gave him the covenant of circumcision; and so Abraham became the father of Isaac, and circumcised him on the eighth day; and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.

Original Text

και εδωκεν αυτω διαθηκην περιτομης·και ουτως εγεννησεν τον Ισαακ και περιετεμεν αυτον τη ημερα τη ογδοη,και Ισαακ τον Ιακωβ,και Ιακωβ τους δωδεκα πατριαρχας.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • διαθηκην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • περιτομης·και: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • ουτως: ADV
  • εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • Ισαακ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • περιετεμεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ογδοη: ADJ,dat,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • Ισαακ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • δωδεκα: NUM,acc,pl,m
  • πατριαρχας: NOUN,acc,pl,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:10-14 (verbal): The institution of the covenant of circumcision is stated here (‘this is my covenant…every male among you shall be circumcised’), which Stephen summarizes in Acts 7:8 as God giving Abraham the covenant of circumcision.
  • Genesis 21:3-4 (verbal): Records the birth of Isaac to Abraham and that Abraham circumcised him on the eighth day — the same elements Stephen links together in his brief genealogy.
  • Genesis 25:26 (verbal): Describes the birth of Jacob as Isaac’s son (‘afterward his brother came forth… and he called his name Jacob’), paralleling Acts’ statement ‘Isaac begot Jacob.’
  • Genesis 35:22-26 (structural): Gives the genealogy/listing of Jacob’s sons from whom the twelve patriarchs/tribes arise; Acts 7:8 summarizes this development by naming Jacob as the ancestor of the twelve patriarchs.
  • Romans 4:11 (thematic): Paul interprets circumcision as the sign/seal of the Abrahamic covenant and righteousness; Acts 7:8’s linkage of covenant, circumcision, and lineage reflects the same theological connection between covenant sign and promised descendants.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave him the covenant of circumcision; and so Abraham became the father of Isaac and circumcised him on the eighth day; and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob the father of the twelve patriarchs.
  • And he gave him the covenant of circumcision. Thus Abraham became the father of Isaac, and circumcised his son Isaac; and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob of the twelve patriarchs.
9 And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt; but God was with him.

Acts.7.9 - Details

Translation

And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt; but God was with him.

Original Text

Και οι πατριαρχαι ζηλωσαντες τον Ιωσηφ απεδοντο εις Αιγυπτον·και ην ο θεος μετ᾽αυτου,

Morphology

  • Και: CONJ
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • πατριαρχαι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • ζηλωσαντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • Ιωσηφ: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • απεδοντο: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • εις: PREP
  • Αιγυπτον·και: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • μετ᾽αυτου: PREP+PRON,gen,sg,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 37:28 (thematic): Narrates the same core event: Joseph’s brothers sell him into Egypt (to traders/ Ishmaelites), which Acts 7 summarizes.
  • Genesis 39:2 (verbal): Contains the formulaic phrase “the LORD was with Joseph,” directly paralleling Acts’ statement that God was with him.
  • Psalm 105:17-19 (allusion): Retells Joseph’s sale into Egypt and adds that the LORD was with him, a close Old Testament account Stephen echoes in Acts 7.
  • Genesis 50:20 (thematic): Presents the theological interpretation of Joseph’s suffering—what his brothers intended for evil, God used for good—resonating with Acts’ note of God’s presence amid betrayal.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The patriarchs, jealous of Joseph, sold him into Egypt; but God was with him
  • And the patriarchs, jealous of Joseph, sold him into Egypt; but God was with him,
10 And rescued him out of all his afflictions and gave him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who made him governor over Egypt and over his whole household.

Acts.7.10 - Details

Translation

And rescued him out of all his afflictions and gave him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who made him governor over Egypt and over his whole household.

Original Text

και εξειλατο αυτον εκ πασων των θλιψεων αυτου,και εδωκεν αυτω χαριν και σοφιαν εναντιον Φαραω βασιλεως Αιγυπτου,και κατεστησεν αυτον ηγουμενον επ᾽Αιγυπτον και ολον τον οικον αυτου.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • εξειλατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • εκ: PREP
  • πασων: ADJ,gen,pl,f
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • θλιψεων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • εδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • χαριν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • σοφιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • εναντιον: PREP,gen
  • Φαραω: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • βασιλεως: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • Αιγυπτου: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • κατεστησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • ηγουμενον: PART,pres,mid,acc,sg,m
  • επ᾽Αιγυπτον: PREP+NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • ολον: ADJ,acc,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • οικον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 39:21-23 (verbal): God is said to rescue Joseph from his afflictions and grant him favor (the LORD was with Joseph, showed him mercy and gave him favor), and Joseph is put in a position of responsibility—paralleling Acts’ language of deliverance and bestowed favor/wisdom.
  • Genesis 41:38-44 (verbal): Pharaoh recognizes Joseph’s wisdom and spirit, then appoints him ruler over Egypt; this directly parallels Acts’ statement that God gave Joseph favor and wisdom before Pharaoh and made him governor over Egypt.
  • Psalm 105:17-22 (thematic): A liturgical retelling of Joseph’s suffering, divine vindication, release by the king, and elevation to rule over Pharaoh’s house—echoing the themes of deliverance, favor, and elevation found in Acts 7:10.
  • Acts 7:9 (structural): Immediate context in Stephen’s speech (the brothers’ envy and sale of Joseph) which sets up verse 7:10’s summary of God’s rescue and Joseph’s subsequent favor and promotion.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and rescued him out of all his afflictions, and gave him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who made him governor over Egypt and over all his household.
  • and rescued him from all his afflictions, and gave him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who made him ruler over Egypt and over all his house.
11 Now there came a famine throughout all the land; and our fathers found no food.

Acts.7.11 - Details

Translation

Now there came a famine throughout all the land; and our fathers found no food.

Original Text

ηλθεν δε λιμος εφ᾽ολην την Αιγυπτον και Χανααν και θλιψις μεγαλη,και ουχ ηυρισκον χορτασματα οι πατερες ημων·

Morphology

  • ηλθεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • λιμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εφ᾽ολην: PREP+ADJ,acc,sg,f
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • Αιγυπτον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • Χανααν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • θλιψις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • μεγαλη: ADJ,nom,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • ουχ: PART,neg
  • ηυρισκον: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,pl
  • χορτασματα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • ημων·: PRON,gen,pl,1

Parallels

  • Genesis 12:10 (thematic): Abram/Abraham goes down to Egypt because of a famine in the land—same theme of famine prompting movement into Egypt (verbal thematic parallel).
  • Genesis 41:54-57 (structural): During Joseph’s time there was a famine in all lands and people came to Egypt to buy grain; Acts 7 alludes to this broad famine and the migration into Egypt that followed.
  • Genesis 45:5-8 (allusion): Joseph explains that God sent him before his brothers to preserve life during the years of famine—Acts 7’s reference to famine presupposes this providential purpose behind the descent into Egypt.
  • Genesis 47:13-21 (verbal): Explicit description of the severe famine in the land and Joseph’s distribution/sale of grain in Egypt; closely parallels Acts’ note that the fathers found no food and went into Egypt for sustenance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now there came a famine over the whole land; and our fathers could find no food.
  • Now there came a famine over the land, and our fathers could not find food.
12 But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers there the first time.

Acts.7.12 - Details

Translation

But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers there the first time.

Original Text

ακουσας δε Ιακωβ οντα σιτια εις Αιγυπτον εξαπεστειλεν τους πατερας ημων πρωτον·

Morphology

  • ακουσας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • οντα: PART,pres,act,acc,sg,m
  • σιτια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • εις: PREP
  • Αιγυπτον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • εξαπεστειλεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • πατερας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • πρωτον·: ADV

Parallels

  • Genesis 42:1-3 (verbal): Stephen's summary closely echoes Genesis 42: Jacob/Israel hears there is grain in Egypt and sends his sons there to buy food — the immediate narrative source for 'he sent our fathers.'
  • Genesis 41:56-57 (thematic): Provides the wider context: a widespread famine and Egypt (under Joseph's administration) as the source of grain, explaining why Jacob's family went there.
  • Genesis 45:9-11 (allusion): Joseph urges his brothers to bring their father and dwell in Egypt; Acts 7.12 anticipates this later resolution in which the family relocates because of Egypt's provision.
  • Genesis 46:1-7 (structural): Records Jacob's eventual move to Egypt with his household after learning of provision and Joseph's survival — the fulfillment of the earlier sending described by Stephen.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers there the first time.
  • When Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers first.
13 On the second visit Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Joseph's kindred were made known to Pharaoh.

Acts.7.13 - Details

Translation

On the second visit Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Joseph's kindred were made known to Pharaoh.

Original Text

και εν τω δευτερω ανεγνωρισθη Ιωσηφ τοις αδελφοις αυτου,και φανερον εγενετο τω Φαραω το γενος Ιωσηφ.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • εν: PREP
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • δευτερω: ADJ,dat,sg,m
  • ανεγνωρισθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • Ιωσηφ: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • αδελφοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • φανερον: ADJ,acc,sg,n
  • εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • Φαραω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • γενος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
  • Ιωσηφ: NOUN,dat,sg,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 42:7 (allusion): Joseph recognizes his brothers when they first come to Egypt but they do not recognize him—background to Stephen’s comment that Joseph was later revealed to them ('in the second').
  • Genesis 45:1-3 (verbal): Joseph openly reveals himself to his brothers ('I am Joseph'), directly paralleling Stephen’s statement that Joseph was made known to his brethren.
  • Genesis 45:16-20 (structural): Joseph sends wagons and instructs his brothers to bring Jacob to Egypt and to tell Pharaoh of Joseph’s position—this episode explains how Joseph’s family came to be known to Pharaoh.
  • Genesis 47:1-6 (thematic): Joseph presents his father and kindred before Pharaoh and secures land for them in Goshen—fulfills the idea that Joseph’s family became known to Pharaoh and settled under his authority.

Alternative generated candidates

  • On the second visit Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Joseph’s family was disclosed to Pharaoh.
  • On a second visit Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Joseph's family became known to Pharaoh.
14 And Joseph sent and summoned Jacob his father and all his kindred, seventy-five persons in all.

Acts.7.14 - Details

Translation

And Joseph sent and summoned Jacob his father and all his kindred, seventy-five persons in all.

Original Text

αποστειλας δε Ιωσηφ μετεκαλεσατο Ιακωβ τον πατερα αυτου και πασαν την συγγενειαν εν ψυχαις εβδομηκοντα πεντε,

Morphology

  • αποστειλας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,nom,m,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • Ιωσηφ: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • μετεκαλεσατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • πατερα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • πασαν: ADJ,acc,sg,f
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • συγγενειαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • εν: PREP
  • ψυχαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
  • εβδομηκοντα: NUM,acc,pl,m
  • πεντε: NUM,acc,pl,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 46:27 (LXX) (quotation): LXX gives the same detail (seventy‑five souls) and the account of Joseph召召ing his father and kin to Egypt; Stephen echoes this LXX wording/number.
  • Genesis 46:8-27 (structural): Broader LXX/Masoretic narrative listing Jacob’s household who went to Egypt; Acts 7.14 summarizes this section of Genesis.
  • Exodus 1:5 (thematic): States the number of Jacob’s descendants who went to Egypt (traditionally 70); thematically parallels the report of the family’s migration and differing numerical tradition.
  • Acts 7:15 (structural): Immediate continuation of Stephen’s narrative—Acts 7:15 follows 7:14 by noting Jacob’s descent into Egypt and the later burial of the patriarchs, linking the same event sequence.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Joseph sent and invited his father Jacob and all his kindred, seventy-five persons in all.
  • Then Joseph sent and summoned Jacob his father and all his kindred, seventy-five persons in all.
15 So Jacob went down into Egypt and died, he and our fathers,

Acts.7.15 - Details

Translation

So Jacob went down into Egypt and died, he and our fathers,

Original Text

και κατεβη Ιακωβ εις Αιγυπτον.και ετελευτησεν αυτος και οι πατερες ημων,

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • κατεβη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εις: PREP
  • Αιγυπτον: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • ετελευτησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,3,m
  • και: CONJ
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1

Parallels

  • Genesis 46:6-7 (verbal): Narrative of Jacob (Israel) going down to Egypt with his household—directly parallels Stephen’s statement that Jacob went down into Egypt.
  • Genesis 47:28 (verbal): States that Jacob lived in Egypt seventeen years and then died there, corresponding to Acts’ note that Jacob died in Egypt.
  • Exodus 1:6 (verbal): “Joseph and all his brethren and all that generation died” — a near-verbatim theme of the fathers’ death in Egypt echoed by Stephen.
  • Genesis 50:26 (thematic): Reports Joseph’s death in Egypt and embalming there, reinforcing the motif of the patriarchs’ deaths and burials occurring while in Egypt.
  • Hebrews 11:22 (allusion): Refers to Joseph’s faith concerning his bones being carried out of Egypt to the promised land — connects the death-in-Egypt motif to faith in the patriarchal promise mentioned by Stephen.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Jacob went down into Egypt and died, he and our fathers,
  • And Jacob went down into Egypt; he and our fathers, and they died there.
16 and they were carried back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a sum of money from the sons of Hamor at Shechem.

Acts.7.16 - Details

Translation

and they were carried back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a sum of money from the sons of Hamor at Shechem.

Original Text

και μετετεθησαν εις Συχεμ και ετεθησαν εν τω μνηματι ω ωνησατο Αβρααμ τιμης αργυριου παρα των υιων Εμμωρ εν Συχεμ.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • μετετεθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
  • εις: PREP
  • Συχεμ: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • ετεθησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
  • εν: PREP
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • μνηματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • ωνησατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • τιμης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • αργυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
  • παρα: PREP
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • υιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • Εμμωρ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • Συχεμ: NOUN,dat,sg,m

Parallels

  • Genesis 33:18-20 (verbal): Jacob buys a parcel of land at Shechem and plants an altar there; Stephen's language about a purchase 'from the sons of Hamor at Shechem' echoes this transaction (the association of Shechem, a purchase and the sons of Hamor).
  • Genesis 34:2,25-30 (thematic): The story of Dinah, Shechem and the sons of Hamor provides the immediate narrative background for land transactions and the presence of Hamor's sons in Shechem that Stephen attributes to the patriarchal burial site.
  • Joshua 24:32 (verbal): Joshua records that Joseph's bones were buried at Shechem in the field that Jacob bought; this directly parallels Stephen's claim that the patriarchs' remains were placed in the burial plot at Shechem.
  • Genesis 50:24-26 (thematic): Joseph's dying request that his bones be carried from Egypt to Canaan anticipates the later transfer and burial in Shechem that Stephen describes as 'brought back' to the land.
  • Genesis 23:3-20 (allusion): Abraham's purchase of a burial cave (Machpelah in Hebron) is the major ancestral purchase narrative; Stephen's phrasing (attributing a purchase at Shechem to Abraham) alludes to patriarchal land/burial purchases but differs from the Genesis account, creating a notable conflation/contrast.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and they were carried back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham had bought for a sum of money from the sons of Hamor in Shechem.
  • Their bodies were carried back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a sum of money from the sons of Hamor in Shechem.
17 But as the time of the promise drew near which God had sworn to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt,

Acts.7.17 - Details

Translation

But as the time of the promise drew near which God had sworn to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt,

Original Text

Καθως δε ηγγιζεν ο χρονος της επαγγελιας ης ωμολογησεν ο θεος τω Αβρααμ,ηυξησεν ο λαος και επληθυνθη εν Αιγυπτω,

Morphology

  • Καθως: CONJ
  • δε: CONJ
  • ηγγιζεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • χρονος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • επαγγελιας: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • ης: PRON,gen,sg,f
  • ωμολογησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ηυξησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • λαος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • επληθυνθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • εν: PREP
  • Αιγυπτω: NOUN,dat,sg,f

Parallels

  • Exodus 1:7 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: Exodus records Israel 'fruitful and increased greatly' in Egypt, echoing Stephen's statement that the people 'increased and multiplied in Egypt.'
  • Genesis 15:13-14 (thematic): God's prophecy to Abraham that his descendants would be aliens in a foreign land and be afflicted, but later delivered — Stephen cites the fulfillment of the promise timetable that began with Abraham.
  • Genesis 12:2 (allusion): God's promise to Abraham 'I will make you a great nation' underlies Acts 7:17's reference to the promise (ἐπαγγελία) and the subsequent multiplication of the people in Egypt.
  • Genesis 15:5 (verbal): The imagery of numerous descendants ('as the stars of heaven') relates to the theme of multiplication of Abraham's seed mentioned in Acts 7:17.
  • Psalm 105:24 (verbal): The psalm recounts Israel's increase in Egypt ('He increased his people greatly'), paralleling Stephen's claim about the people's growth during the sojourn.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But as the time of the promise drew near that God had sworn to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt,
  • But as the time of the promise drew near that God had sworn to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt,
18 until another king arose who did not know Joseph.

Acts.7.18 - Details

Translation

until another king arose who did not know Joseph.

Original Text

αχρι ου ανεστη βασιλευς ετερος επ᾽Αιγυπτον,ος ουκ ηδει τον Ιωσηφ.

Morphology

  • αχρι: PREP
  • ου: PART,neg
  • ανεστη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • βασιλευς: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ετερος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • επ᾽Αιγυπτον: PREP,acc
  • ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • ηδει: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • Ιωσηφ: NOUN,dat,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 1:8 (quotation): Acts 7:18 directly echoes and essentially quotes Exodus 1:8 — 'A new king arose over Egypt, who knew not Joseph.'
  • Exodus 1:9-11 (thematic): These verses develop the consequence of the new king's attitude: the Egyptians' plot to oppress Israel (appointing taskmasters and making them slaves), the immediate historical setting Stephen summarizes.
  • Genesis 41:41-45 (thematic): Early Genesis account showing Pharaoh's elevation of Joseph and his favor before the Egyptian court; provides the contrast to the later 'king who did not know Joseph.'
  • Psalm 105:17-22 (allusion): Psalm 105 retells Joseph's rise and bondage and notes that 'the king sent and loosed him,' recalling the royal recognition and later change in Israel's standing that Stephen compresses in Acts 7:18.

Alternative generated candidates

  • until there arose over Egypt a new king who knew nothing of Joseph.
  • until there arose over Egypt a new king who did not know Joseph.
19 He dealt craftily with our race and oppressed our fathers so that they cast out their infants, that they might not live.

Acts.7.19 - Details

Translation

He dealt craftily with our race and oppressed our fathers so that they cast out their infants, that they might not live.

Original Text

ουτος κατασοφισαμενος το γενος ημων εκακωσεν τους πατερας του ποιειν τα βρεφη εκθετα αυτων εις το μη ζωογονεισθαι.

Morphology

  • ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • κατασοφισαμενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • γενος: NOUN,nom,sg,n
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • εκακωσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • πατερας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • ποιειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
  • τα: ART,acc,pl,n
  • βρεφη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • εκθετα: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,acc,pl,n
  • αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
  • εις: PREP
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • μη: PART
  • ζωογονεισθαι: VERB,pres,mid/pass,inf

Parallels

  • Exodus 1:22 (quotation): Stephen is echoing the Exodus account in which the king of Egypt commands that newborn Hebrew sons be 'thrown into the river' (exposed); the verb ἐκθέτα(ι) recalls the LXX wording of Exodus 1:22.
  • Exodus 1:15-16 (quotation): Related earlier command in the Exodus narrative: Pharaoh instructs the Hebrew midwives to kill newborn boys—an immediately connected episode of infanticide/exposure in the same pericope Stephen summarizes.
  • Matthew 2:16 (thematic): Herod's order to kill the boys in Bethlehem parallels Pharaoh's policy of eliminating male children to frustrate a prospective deliverer; both are royal attempts to prevent the rise of a liberator.
  • Jeremiah 31:15 (allusion): The motif of weeping for slain children (later applied by Matthew to Herod's massacre) forms a prophetic/poetic counterpart to the theme of infant slaughter and communal mourning that Stephen invokes in recounting Egyptian infanticide.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He dealt shrewdly with our race and forced our fathers to expose their infants so that they might not be kept alive.
  • He dealt shrewdly with our race and oppressed our fathers by forcing them to expose their infants, so that they might not survive.
20 At that time Moses was born, and he was beautiful in God's sight; and he was cared for three months in his father's house.

Acts.7.20 - Details

Translation

At that time Moses was born, and he was beautiful in God's sight; and he was cared for three months in his father's house.

Original Text

εν ω καιρω εγεννηθη Μωυσης,και ην αστειος τω θεω·ος ανετραφη μηνας τρεις εν τω οικω του πατρος·

Morphology

  • εν: PREP
  • ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • καιρω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • εγεννηθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • αστειος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • θεω·ος: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • ανετραφη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • μηνας: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • τρεις: NUM,acc,pl,f
  • εν: PREP
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • οικω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • πατρος·: NOUN,gen,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:2 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel: Exodus records Moses' birth and his being 'beautiful' (or well‑pleasing) and hidden by his mother—Acts 7.20 draws on the same detail.
  • Exodus 2:1-10 (structural): Broader structural parallel: the infancy narrative of Moses (birth, concealment, placement in the river, discovery by Pharaoh’s daughter) which Stephen summarizes in Acts 7:20–22.
  • Hebrews 11:23 (quotation): Explicit New Testament citation of the same tradition: Hebrews states that Moses was hidden by his parents for three months, echoing the detail Stephen gives in Acts 7:20.
  • Acts 7:21 (structural): Immediate internal parallel/continuation within Stephen’s speech: verse 21 follows 7:20 by describing Moses being placed in the river and found by Pharaoh’s daughter, completing the infancy motif introduced in 7:20.

Alternative generated candidates

  • At this time Moses was born; and he was beautiful in God’s sight. He was brought up for three months in his father’s house.
  • In that time Moses was born. He was beautiful in God's sight; and for three months he was cared for in his father's house.
21 When he was put out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up and reared him as her own son.

Acts.7.21 - Details

Translation

When he was put out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up and reared him as her own son.

Original Text

εκτεθεντος δε αυτου ανειλατο αυτον η θυγατηρ Φαραω και ανεθρεψατο αυτον εαυτη εις υιον.

Morphology

  • εκτεθεντος: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,gen,m,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • ανειλατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • θυγατηρ: NOUN,nom,sg,fem
  • Φαραω: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • ανεθρεψατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • εαυτη: PRON,dat,sg,f
  • εις: PREP
  • υιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:2-3 (verbal): Same episode of the infant Moses being exposed/placed in a basket by his mother; Acts echoes the language and circumstance of his being set aside on the Nile.
  • Exodus 2:5-10 (verbal): Direct parallel to Pharaoh’s daughter finding, taking up, and raising Moses — Stephen’s summary compresses the same sequence found here, including the adoptive action.
  • Hebrews 11:23 (thematic): Speaks of Moses being hidden by his parents and preserved, connecting to the infancy narrative that culminates with his being taken and raised by Pharaoh’s daughter.
  • Hebrews 11:24 (allusion): Refers to Moses’ later refusal to be called ‘son of Pharaoh’s daughter,’ explicitly alluding to the adoptive status Stephen recounts in Acts 7:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When he was exposed, the daughter of Pharaoh took him up and reared him as her own son.
  • When he was set out, Pharaoh's daughter adopted him and brought him up as her own son.
22 And Moses was instructed in all the learning of the Egyptians and was powerful in speech and action.

Acts.7.22 - Details

Translation

And Moses was instructed in all the learning of the Egyptians and was powerful in speech and action.

Original Text

και επαιδευθη Μωυσης παση σοφια Αιγυπτιων,ην δε δυνατος εν λογοις και εργοις αυτου.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • επαιδευθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • παση: ADJ,dat,sg,f
  • σοφια: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • Αιγυπτιων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • δυνατος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • λογοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
  • και: CONJ
  • εργοις: NOUN,dat,pl,n
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m

Parallels

  • Acts 7:20-23 (structural): Immediate context of Stephen's speech describing Moses' birth, upbringing in Pharaoh's house, and his early deeds—a direct continuation/expansion of v.22's claim about his Egyptian training and power in word and deed.
  • Exodus 2:10 (allusion): Reports Moses being adopted and raised in Pharaoh's household—background for Acts' statement that he was educated in the wisdom of the Egyptians.
  • Exodus 2:11-12 (thematic): Narrates Moses' killing of an Egyptian who mistreated a Hebrew—an example of decisive action that resonates with Paul/Stephen's claim about his effectiveness in 'deeds.'
  • Hebrews 11:24-26 (thematic): Notes Moses' Egyptian upbringing and his later refusal of royal privileges in favor of solidarity with Israel—parallels the tension between his Egyptian education/skills and his eventual identification with God's people.
  • Deuteronomy 34:10 (thematic): Affirms Moses' unique prophetic authority in Israel—echoes Acts' depiction of Moses as singularly powerful in word and deed.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And Moses was instructed in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and he was mighty in his words and deeds.
  • Moses was instructed in all the learning of the Egyptians and was mighty in his words and deeds.
23 When he was forty years old, it entered his heart to visit his brothers, the children of Israel.

Acts.7.23 - Details

Translation

When he was forty years old, it entered his heart to visit his brothers, the children of Israel.

Original Text

Ως δε επληρουτο αυτω τεσσερακονταετης χρονος,ανεβη επι την καρδιαν αυτου επισκεψασθαι τους αδελφους αυτου τους υιους Ισραηλ.

Morphology

  • Ως: CONJ
  • δε: CONJ
  • επληρουτο: VERB,impf,mid/pass,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • τεσσερακονταετης: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • χρονος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ανεβη: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • επι: PREP
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • καρδιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • επισκεψασθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • αδελφους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • υιους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • Ισραηλ: NOUN,voc,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:11 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel — Moses 'went out unto his brethren' (LXX/MT) mirrors Stephen’s wording about going to his brothers, the children of Israel.
  • Exodus 2:12 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation in Exodus: Moses observes oppression and acts on behalf of an Israelite — explains the situation that follows his going out to his brethren.
  • Exodus 2:15 (thematic): After the incident described when he went to his brethren, Moses flees to Midian — Acts’ account presumes the same sequence (visit → conflict → flight).
  • Hebrews 11:24-26 (thematic): Later New Testament reflection on Moses’ choice to identify with Israel rather than Egyptian status echoes the motive behind his visiting and siding with his brethren.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When he was forty years old it came into his heart to visit his brothers, the children of Israel.
  • When he was forty years old, it entered his mind to visit his own people, the Israelites.
24 And seeing one of them being wronged, he defended him and avenged the oppressed by striking down the Egyptian.

Acts.7.24 - Details

Translation

And seeing one of them being wronged, he defended him and avenged the oppressed by striking down the Egyptian.

Original Text

και ιδων τινα αδικουμενον ημυνατο και εποιησεν εκδικησιν τω καταπονουμενω παταξας τον Αιγυπτιον.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • ιδων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
  • τινα: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • αδικουμενον: VERB,pres,pass,part,acc,sg,m
  • ημυνατο: VERB,impf,mid,ind,3,sg
  • και: CONJ
  • εποιησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • εκδικησιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • καταπονουμενω: VERB,pres,pass,part,dat,sg,m
  • παταξας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • Αιγυπτιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:11-12 (quotation): Direct narrative source: Moses sees an Egyptian mistreating a Hebrew, intervenes and strikes the Egyptian—same incident Stephen cites.
  • Exodus 2:13-15 (structural): Immediate sequel in Exodus: Moses conceals the body, a Hebrew challenges him, and Moses flees to Midian—provides the fuller narrative context for Acts 7:24.
  • Acts 7:25 (structural): Stephen's own continuation of the episode—explains Moses' motive and expectation that his people would recognize God's deliverance, linking to the killing in v.24.
  • Hebrews 11:24-26 (thematic): Portrays Moses' solidarity with his people and his willingness to suffer rather than enjoy Egyptian privilege—thematic background for his intervention on behalf of an oppressed Hebrew.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Seeing one of them being wronged, he defended the oppressed and avenged the oppressed by striking down the Egyptian.
  • Seeing one of them being wronged, he defended him and avenged the oppressed by striking down the Egyptian.
25 He supposed that his brothers would understand that God was granting them deliverance by his hand, but they did not.

Acts.7.25 - Details

Translation

He supposed that his brothers would understand that God was granting them deliverance by his hand, but they did not.

Original Text

ενομιζεν δε συνιεναι τους αδελφους οτι ο θεος δια χειρος αυτου διδωσιν σωτηριαν αυτοις,οι δε ου συνηκαν.

Morphology

  • ενομιζεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • συνιεναι: VERB,pres,act,inf
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • αδελφους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • οτι: CONJ
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • δια: PREP
  • χειρος: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • διδωσιν: VERB,pres,act,sub,3,pl
  • σωτηριαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • ου: PART,neg
  • συνηκαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:11-15 (quotation): Stephen is recounting the same episode in Exodus: Moses kills an Egyptian and ‘thought his brothers would understand that God would deliver them by his hand,’ but they did not—Acts 7:25 echoes Exodus' narrative and intent.
  • John 1:11 (thematic): Echoes the motif of rejection by one’s own: 'He came to his own, and his own did not receive him,' paralleling Acts' note that Moses’ brothers did not accept his understanding of God’s action.
  • Mark 6:4 (cf. Matthew 13:57) (thematic): The theme of a rejected agent/prophet in his own circle: 'A prophet is not without honor, except in his hometown,' comparable to Moses’ expectation and subsequent rejection by his people.
  • John 7:5 (allusion): Another instance where 'brothers' fail to accept or understand one sent by God—'For even his brothers did not believe in him'—paralleling the failure of Moses’ brothers to accept his perceived role.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He thought that his brothers would understand that God was giving them deliverance by his hand; but they did not understand.
  • He supposed that his brothers would understand that God would deliver them by his hand, but they did not understand.
26 On the next day he appeared to them as they were disputing and tried to reconcile them, saying, 'Men, you are brothers; why do you wrong one another?'

Acts.7.26 - Details

Translation

On the next day he appeared to them as they were disputing and tried to reconcile them, saying, 'Men, you are brothers; why do you wrong one another?'

Original Text

τη τε επιουση ημερα ωφθη αυτοις μαχομενοις και συνηλλασσεν αυτους εις ειρηνην ειπων·Ανδρες,αδελφοι εστε·ινατι αδικειτε αλληλους;

Morphology

  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • τε: CONJ
  • επιουση: ADJ,dat,sg,f
  • ημερα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • ωφθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
  • μαχομενοις: PART,pres,mid,dat,pl,m
  • και: CONJ
  • συνηλλασσεν: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
  • εις: PREP
  • ειρηνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • ειπων·Ανδρες: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
  • αδελφοι: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • εστε·ινατι: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
  • αδικειτε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
  • αλληλους: PRON,acc,pl,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:11-15 (structural): The fuller Mosaic episode: Moses sees two Hebrews fighting, intervenes and later flees after his deed is discovered — Acts 7:26 summarizes this incident in Stephen’s retelling.
  • Exodus 2:13-14 (LXX) (verbal): Acts 7:26 echoes the LXX wording and address used when Moses confronts the quarrel ('Who made you a ruler and judge over us?' / 'Why do you wrong your companion?'), making this a close verbal parallel.
  • Acts 7:25 (structural): Immediate parallel in Stephen’s speech: the following verse explains Moses’ expectation that his people would recognize God’s hand through him and their failure to do so, continuing the same incident narrated in 7:26.
  • Matthew 5:23-24 (thematic): Both passages stress the importance of reconciliation among brethren — Acts 7:26 portrays Moses reconciling fighting compatriots, Matthew enjoins reconciliation before worship.
  • 1 Corinthians 6:7-8 (thematic): Paul’s rebuke of Christians wronging or suing fellow believers parallels Stephen’s concern about injustice and conflict among brethren in the community.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And on the following day he appeared to them as they were quarreling and tried to reconcile them, saying, ‘Men, you are brothers; why do you wrong one another?’
  • On the following day he appeared to them as they were quarreling and tried to reconcile them, saying, 'Men, you are brothers; why do you wrong one another?'
27 But the one who did his neighbor wrong thrust him aside, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge over us?'

Acts.7.27 - Details

Translation

But the one who did his neighbor wrong thrust him aside, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge over us?'

Original Text

ο δε αδικων τον πλησιον απωσατο αυτον ειπων·Τις σε κατεστησεν αρχοντα και δικαστην εφ᾽ημων.

Morphology

  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • αδικων: VERB,pres,act,part,nom,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • πλησιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • απωσατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • αυτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • ειπων·Τις: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m+PRON,nom,sg,m
  • σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
  • κατεστησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αρχοντα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • δικαστην: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • εφ᾽ημων: PREP+PRON,gen,pl,1

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:13-14 (quotation): Acts 7:27 directly echoes/quotes the rebuke Moses receives in Exodus when a Hebrew asks, 'Who made you a prince and judge over us?,' matching wording and context.
  • Exodus 2:11-12 (structural): Immediate narrative background: Moses intervenes in a fight and attacks the Egyptian, an action that precipitates the rebuke recorded in v.13–14 and recalled in Acts 7.
  • Exodus 2:15 (structural): Follows the rebuke in Exodus: Moses flees to Midian after the confrontation—Stephen's account in Acts links the rebuke to Moses' subsequent departure.
  • Hebrews 11:24-26 (thematic): Hebrews characterizes Moses' identification with Israel and his willingness to suffer rather than be called son of Pharaoh, resonating with Acts' portrayal of Moses' attempted intervention and rejection by his brethren.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the man who wronged his neighbor thrust him aside, saying, ‘Who made you a prince and a judge over us?
  • But the man who was wronging his neighbor thrust him aside, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge over us?'
28 Do you mean to kill me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?'

Acts.7.28 - Details

Translation

Do you mean to kill me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?'

Original Text

μη ανελειν με συ θελεις ον τροπον ανειλες εχθες τον Αιγυπτιον;

Morphology

  • μη: PART
  • ανελειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • με: PRON,acc,sg,1
  • συ: PRON,nom,sg,2
  • θελεις: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,sg
  • ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
  • τροπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • ανειλες: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,sg
  • εχθες: ADV
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • Αιγυπτιον: NOUN,acc,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:12 (verbal): Narrative report of the same incident: Moses kills an Egyptian who was beating a Hebrew — the underlying event Stephen is recounting in Acts 7:28.
  • Exodus 2:14 (quotation): The Egyptian’s or bystanders’ challenge to Moses — the LXX wording closely parallels Acts 7:28’s question, 'Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?'
  • Acts 22:20 (allusion): Paul’s autobiographical speech likewise refers to the episode in which he (or Moses in Paul’s recounting) struck and killed an Egyptian — a direct New Testament parallel to Stephen’s retelling.
  • Hebrews 11:24-27 (thematic): The author reflects on Moses’ motives and actions (faithful defense of his people, rejection of Egyptian honors), thematically connecting to the episode of Moses’ violent defense recorded in Acts.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do you intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?’
  • When Moses heard this, he fled and became a sojourner in the land of Midian, where he became father of two sons.
29 When Moses heard it, he fled and became a resident of the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons.

Acts.7.29 - Details

Translation

When Moses heard it, he fled and became a resident of the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons.

Original Text

εφυγεν δε Μωυσης εν τω λογω τουτω,και εγενετο παροικος εν γη Μαδιαμ,ου εγεννησεν υιους δυο.

Morphology

  • εφυγεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • λογω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • τουτω: DEM,dat,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • παροικος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • Μαδιαμ: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • ου: PART,neg
  • εγεννησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • υιους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • δυο: NUM,acc,pl,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:15-22 (quotation): Direct parallel in the Pentateuch: Moses flees Egypt to Midian, sits by the well, marries Zipporah and becomes the father of two sons (Gershom and Eliezer).
  • Exodus 18:2-4 (verbal): Later reference that names and affirms Moses' two sons (Gershom and Eliezer) when Jethro brings them to Moses, corroborating the detail of his offspring in Midian.
  • Hebrews 11:24-29 (thematic): Summarizes Moses' life decisions and faith, including his departure from Egypt and life as an exile/stranger, thematically linking his Midian sojourn to his faith and vocation.
  • Acts 7:23-28 (structural): Immediate context within Stephen's speech: the preceding verses recount why Moses fled and set up the same narrative frame that is concluded in 7:29 about his sojourn in Midian and fathering two sons.

Alternative generated candidates

  • At this remark Moses fled and went away to Midian, where he became the father of two sons.
  • After forty years had passed, there appeared to him an angel in the wilderness of Mount Sinai, in a flame of fire in a bush.
30 And when forty years had passed, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire in a bush on Mount Sinai.

Acts.7.30 - Details

Translation

And when forty years had passed, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire in a bush on Mount Sinai.

Original Text

Και πληρωθεντων ετων τεσσερακοντα ωφθη αυτω εν τη ερημω του ορους Σινα αγγελος εν φλογι πυρος βατου·

Morphology

  • Και: CONJ
  • πληρωθεντων: VERB,aor,pass,ptc,gen,pl,n
  • ετων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
  • τεσσερακοντα: NUM,acc,pl
  • ωφθη: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ερημω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • ορους: NOUN,gen,sg,neut
  • Σινα: NOUN,gen,sg,n
  • αγγελος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • φλογι: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • πυρος: NOUN,gen,sg,n
  • βατου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:2 (quotation): Direct parallel/quotation: Moses encounters 'the angel of the LORD' in a flame of fire in the burning bush—same theophany Stephen recounts.
  • Exodus 3:1-6 (structural): Same narrative setting (Mount Sinai/Horeb, Moses tending sheep) and the broader burning‑bush theophany that Stephen is summarizing.
  • Judges 13:20 (verbal): The angel of the LORD is associated with flame/fire (the angel ascends in the flame of the altar), a parallel use of angel + fire imagery in divine appearances.
  • Hebrews 1:7 (verbal): Echoes the motif of angels as 'a flame of fire' (cf. Ps 104:4), providing a verbal/thematic link between angelic activity and fire imagery found in Acts 7:30.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When forty years had passed, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in the wilderness of Mount Sinai, in a flame of fire out of a bush.
  • When Moses saw it, he marveled at the sight. As he drew near to look, the voice of the Lord came to him:
31 When Moses saw it, he marveled at the sight; and as he drew near to look, the voice of the Lord came to him,

Acts.7.31 - Details

Translation

When Moses saw it, he marveled at the sight; and as he drew near to look, the voice of the Lord came to him,

Original Text

ο δε Μωυσης ιδων εθαυμασεν το οραμα.προσερχομενου δε αυτου κατανοησαι εγενετο φωνη κυριου·

Morphology

  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ιδων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
  • εθαυμασεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • οραμα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • προσερχομενου: PART,pres,mid,gen,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • κατανοησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • φωνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • κυριου·: NOUN,gen,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:2-4 (quotation): Stephen recounts Moses’ burning‑bush episode; Exodus 3:2‑4 explicitly describes the bush that burned and God calling to Moses when he drew near—verbal and narrative source for Acts 7:31.
  • Acts 7:30 (structural): Immediate context in Stephen’s speech: Acts 7:30 introduces the same appearance/vision to Moses (an angel/vision in the bush), providing the preceding structural element to v.31’s reaction and the Lord’s voice.
  • Acts 9:4 (thematic): Saul’s encounter on the Damascus road where a divine voice speaks to a human parallels the phenomenon in Acts 7:31—an audible divine summons prompting confrontation/transformation.
  • Isaiah 6:1-4 (thematic): Isaiah’s visionary encounter with the Lord includes awe at a heavenly vision and the sounding of divine voices; thematically similar as a prophetic theophany combining vision and voice.
  • Hebrews 11:27 (allusion): Hebrews highlights Moses’ faith rooted in his encounter with the unseen God; this alludes to Moses’ theophany (as in Acts 7:31) as decisive for his faith and subsequent actions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Moses saw it and wondered at the sight. As he approached to look, the voice of the Lord came to him,
  • 'I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.' Moses trembled and did not dare to look.
32 saying, 'I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.' And Moses trembled and would not dare to look.

Acts.7.32 - Details

Translation

saying, 'I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.' And Moses trembled and would not dare to look.

Original Text

Εγω ο θεος των πατερων σου,ο θεος Αβρααμ και Ισαακ και Ιακωβ.εντρομος δε γενομενος Μωυσης ουκ ετολμα κατανοησαι.

Morphology

  • Εγω: PRON,nom,sg,1
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • πατερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • Αβρααμ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • Ισαακ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εντρομος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • γενομενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
  • Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • ετολμα: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • κατανοησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:6 (quotation): Direct verbal parallel: God identifies himself as 'the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob' at the burning bush; Moses hides his face in fear (LXX/MT wording echoed in Acts 7:32).
  • Exodus 3:2-6 (structural): The broader theophany context (burning bush) and Moses' reaction—fear and reluctance to look—are the narrative background Stephen summarizes here.
  • Matthew 22:32 (quotation): Jesus cites the same formula 'I am the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob' (present tense) to argue for the patriarchs' life after death, echoing Exodus and the wording Stephen uses.
  • Luke 20:37-38 (quotation): Parallel to Matthew 22:32—Jesus' citation of God's identification with the patriarchs to demonstrate that God is 'not the God of the dead but of the living,' drawing on the Exodus scene Stephen recounts.
  • Romans 4:16-17 (thematic): Paul's affirmation of the God of Abraham as one who gives life and calls into being what does not exist connects the identity of God as patriarchal God in Acts 7:32 with the theological claim of God's life‑giving, present reality.

Alternative generated candidates

  • ‘I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob.’ Moses trembled and did not dare to look.
  • Then the Lord said to him, 'Take off the sandals from your feet, for the place on which you stand is holy; I have surely seen the affliction of my people in Egypt and have heard their cry and have come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send you to Egypt.'
33 Then the Lord said to him, 'Take off the sandals from your feet; for the place on which you stand is holy ground. I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and I have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you to Egypt.'"

Acts.7.33 - Details

Translation

Then the Lord said to him, 'Take off the sandals from your feet; for the place on which you stand is holy ground. I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and I have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you to Egypt.'"

Original Text

ειπεν δε αυτω ο κυριος·Λυσον το υποδημα των ποδων σου,ο γαρ τοπος εφ᾽ω εστηκας γη αγια εστιν.

Morphology

  • ειπεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • κυριος·Λυσον: NOUN,nom,sg,m+VERB,aor,act,imp,2,sg
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • υποδημα: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • ποδων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • σου: PRON,gen,sg,2
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • γαρ: PART
  • τοπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εφ᾽ω: PREP+PRON,acc,sg,n
  • εστηκας: VERB,perf,act,ind,2,sg
  • γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • αγια: ADJ,nom,sg,f
  • εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:5 (quotation): Original command at the burning bush—God tells Moses to remove his sandals because the ground is holy. Acts 7:33 directly quotes and recounts this theophany.
  • Joshua 5:15 (verbal): The commander of the LORD tells Joshua to take off his sandals because the place is holy—uses the same motif/wording of barefoot reverence in the presence of God.
  • Hebrews 12:18-21 (thematic): Contrasts the terrifying, holy encounter at Sinai (theophanic holiness of place) with the believer’s approach to God—echoes the theme that God’s presence renders ground/place sacred and demands reverent response.
  • Isaiah 6:1-5 (thematic): Isaiah’s vision of God’s holiness evokes awe and reverence before the divine presence; thematically parallels the idea that encounter with God makes a space holy and provokes a reverent human reaction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the Lord said to him, ‘Take off the sandals from your feet; for the place where you stand is holy ground.
  • This Moses, whom they refused, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge?' God sent as both ruler and deliverer by the hand of the angel who appeared to him in the bush.
34 This Moses they refused, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge?' and they turned back and sought to return to Egypt;

Acts.7.34 - Details

Translation

This Moses they refused, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge?' and they turned back and sought to return to Egypt;

Original Text

ιδων ειδον την κακωσιν του λαου μου του εν Αιγυπτω,και του στεναγμου αυτου ηκουσα,και κατεβην εξελεσθαι αυτους·και νυν δευρο αποστειλω σε εις Αιγυπτον.

Morphology

  • ιδων: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,sg,m
  • ειδον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • κακωσιν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • λαου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • εν: PREP
  • Αιγυπτω: PROPN,dat,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • στεναγμου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • αυτου: PRON,gen,sg,m
  • ηκουσα: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
  • και: CONJ
  • κατεβην: VERB,aor,act,ind,1,sg
  • εξελεσθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
  • αυτους·και: PRON,acc,pl,3
  • νυν: ADV
  • δευρο: ADV
  • αποστειλω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
  • σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
  • εις: PREP
  • Αιγυπτον: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:7-10 (quotation): Stephen is directly echoing God's words to Moses at the burning bush: God ‘saw the affliction,’ ‘heard their groaning,’ ‘came down to deliver them,’ and declared He would send Moses to Egypt.
  • Exodus 2:24-25 (verbal): Early Exodus language: God ‘heard their groaning’ and ‘remembered his covenant’—the same motifs of hearing Israel’s distress and acting on their behalf that Stephen cites.
  • Exodus 6:5 (verbal): Reiterates the phraseology found in Acts 7:34—God ‘has surely seen the oppression of the Egyptians’ and ‘has heard their groaning,’ linking Stephen’s wording to Mosaic tradition.
  • Luke 1:68-71 (thematic): Zechariah’s hymn speaks of God ‘visiting and redeeming his people’ and raising a deliverer—a New Testament thematic parallel to God’s coming down to deliver Israel in Stephen’s summary.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I have indeed seen the affliction of my people in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and I have come down to deliver them. And now come, I will send you to Egypt.’
  • This man led them out, performing signs and wonders in Egypt and at the Red Sea and for forty years in the wilderness.
35 but Moses was entrusted with leadership and deliverance by God through the angel who appeared to him in the bush.

Acts.7.35 - Details

Translation

but Moses was entrusted with leadership and deliverance by God through the angel who appeared to him in the bush.

Original Text

Τουτον τον Μωυσην,ον ηρνησαντο ειποντες·Τις σε κατεστησεν αρχοντα και δικαστην,τουτον ο θεος και αρχοντα και λυτρωτην απεσταλκεν συν χειρι αγγελου του οφθεντος αυτω εν τη βατω.

Morphology

  • Τουτον: DEM,acc,sg,m
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • Μωυσην: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
  • ηρνησαντο: VERB,aor,mid/dep,ind,3,pl
  • ειποντες·Τις: VERB,aor,act,ptcp,nom,pl,m
  • σε: PRON,acc,sg,2
  • κατεστησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αρχοντα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • δικαστην: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • τουτον: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • αρχοντα: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • λυτρωτην: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • απεσταλκεν: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
  • συν: PREP
  • χειρι: NOUN,dat,sg,fem
  • αγγελου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • οφθεντος: VERB,aor,pass,ptcp,gen,sg,m
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • βατω: NOUN,dat,sg,f

Parallels

  • Exodus 2:14 (verbal): Stephen quotes/echoes the Israelites' rebuke to Moses—'Who made you ruler and judge?'—which appears in Exodus 2:14 (LXX/Rend.).
  • Exodus 3:2-4 (quotation): The reference to the angel appearing 'in the bush' alludes directly to the burning‑bush theophany where the angel/Lord appears to Moses (Exod 3:2‑4).
  • Exodus 3:10 (structural): Acts says God 'sent' Moses as ruler and deliverer; Exodus 3:10 records God's commissioning of Moses to go to Pharaoh and bring Israel out—paralleling the sending/mission motif.
  • Exodus 4:10-16 (thematic): Exodus 4 records Moses' protest and God's continued commissioning (including the angel/commission and Aaron as spokesman), echoing Stephen's emphasis that God appointed and empowered Moses despite human refusal.
  • Hebrews 11:24-27 (thematic): Hebrews presents Moses as God's chosen leader who rejected earthly honors and acted as Israel's deliverer—paralleling Stephen's portrayal of Moses as appointed by God and resisted by his people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • This Moses whom they refused, saying, ‘Who made you a ruler and a judge?’—this one God sent to be both ruler and deliverer by the hand of the angel who appeared to him in the bush.
  • This is the Moses who said to the Israelites, 'God will raise up for you a prophet from your brothers like me.'
36 This man led them out, performing wonders and signs in Egypt and at the sea and in the wilderness for forty years.

Acts.7.36 - Details

Translation

This man led them out, performing wonders and signs in Egypt and at the sea and in the wilderness for forty years.

Original Text

ουτος εξηγαγεν αυτους ποιησας τερατα και σημεια εν γη Αιγυπτω και εν Ερυθρα Θαλασση και εν τη ερημω ετη τεσσερακοντα.

Morphology

  • ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • εξηγαγεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
  • ποιησας: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,m,sg
  • τερατα: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • και: CONJ
  • σημεια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • εν: PREP
  • γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • Αιγυπτω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • εν: PREP
  • Ερυθρα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • Θαλασση: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ερημω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • ετη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • τεσσερακοντα: NUM,acc,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 7:3 (verbal): God will multiply signs and wonders in the land of Egypt — direct verbal parallel to Stephen’s 'wonders and signs in the land of Egypt.'
  • Exodus 14:21-31 (thematic): Narrative of the parting of the Red Sea and Israel’s deliverance — the event behind Stephen’s reference to the Red (Reed) Sea rescue.
  • Numbers 14:33-34 (verbal): The people are sentenced to wander forty years in the wilderness — explicit OT basis for 'forty years in the wilderness.'
  • Deuteronomy 8:2 (thematic): Moses recalls God leading Israel forty years in the wilderness to humble and test them — thematic echo of the forty-year wilderness period.
  • Hebrews 11:29 (thematic): By faith they passed through the Red Sea — New Testament parallel that recalls the Red Sea crossing and links it to Moses’ leadership and God’s saving signs.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He led them out, performing wonders and signs in Egypt, at the Red Sea, and for forty years in the wilderness.
  • He was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers; he received living oracles to give to us.
37 This is the Moses who said to the people of Israel, 'The Lord God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers; you shall listen to him.'

Acts.7.37 - Details

Translation

This is the Moses who said to the people of Israel, 'The Lord God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers; you shall listen to him.'

Original Text

ουτος εστιν ο Μωυσης ο ειπας τοις υιοις Ισραηλ·Προφητην υμιν αναστησει ο θεος εκ των αδελφων υμων ως εμε.

Morphology

  • ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • ειπας: VERB,aor,act,ptcp,nom,sg,m
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • υιοις: NOUN,dat,pl,m
  • Ισραηλ·Προφητην: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
  • αναστησει: VERB,fut,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • εκ: PREP
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • αδελφων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
  • ως: ADV
  • εμε: PRON,acc,sg,1

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 18:15 (quotation): The original promise cited by Stephen: Moses says God will raise up 'a prophet like me' from among the people—Acts 7:37 directly echoes this wording.
  • Deuteronomy 18:18 (verbal): Continues the Deuteronomic promise ('I will raise up a prophet... and put my words in his mouth'), which underlies the identification of Jesus as the promised prophet.
  • Acts 3:22 (quotation): Peter's sermon in Acts also quotes Deut 18:15–19 to identify Jesus as the prophet like Moses, paralleling Stephen's use of the same text.
  • John 7:40 (allusion): After Jesus' teaching some in the crowd say, 'This is the Prophet,' reflecting popular expectation of the Deuteronomic prophet like Moses that Stephen invokes.
  • Hebrews 3:5-6 (thematic): Explicitly compares Moses and Christ (Moses as servant, Christ as son/house builder), engaging the same tradition about Moses and the greater figure who follows him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • This is that Moses who said to the Israelites, ‘The Lord God will raise up for you a prophet from your brothers like me.’
  • Our fathers received the law through Moses; yet they would not obey it, and in their hearts they turned back to Egypt.
38 This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers; he received living oracles to give to us.

Acts.7.38 - Details

Translation

This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers; he received living oracles to give to us.

Original Text

ουτος εστιν ο γενομενος εν τη εκκλησια εν τη ερημω μετα του αγγελου του λαλουντος αυτω εν τω ορει Σινα και των πατερων ημων,ος εδεξατο λογια ζωντα δουναι ημιν,

Morphology

  • ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • γενομενος: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • εκκλησια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ερημω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • μετα: PREP
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • αγγελου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • λαλουντος: VERB,pres,act,part,gen,sg,masc
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • ορει: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • Σινα: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • και: CONJ
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • πατερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • εδεξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • λογια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • ζωντα: ADJ,acc,sg,m
  • δουναι: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:2 (allusion): Mentions the 'angel of the LORD' appearing to Moses at the mountain/bush—Acts 7:38 refers to the angel who spoke to Moses on Sinai.
  • Exodus 19:3-7 (structural): Describes Moses summoning the elders/assembly at Sinai and Israel encamped at the mountain—parallels Acts' picture of Israel as the 'ekklesia' (assembly) in the wilderness.
  • Romans 3:2 (verbal): Paul states that 'to them were committed the oracles of God,' echoing Acts 7:38's language that Moses 'received living oracles to give to us' (near verbal parallel).
  • 1 Corinthians 10:1-4 (thematic): Treats Israel's wilderness experience as a formative, corporate reality (cloud, sea, baptism into Moses), paralleling Stephen's use of the wilderness/assembly motif and the transmission of God's revelation to the people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He was in the congregation in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him at Mount Sinai, and with our fathers; he received living oracles to give to us.
  • They told Aaron to make for them a calf, and they worshiped an idol and offered sacrifices to the work of their hands.
39 Our fathers refused to obey him; they rejected him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt,

Acts.7.39 - Details

Translation

Our fathers refused to obey him; they rejected him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt,

Original Text

ω ουκ ηθελησαν υπηκοοι γενεσθαι οι πατερες ημων,αλλα απωσαντο και εστραφησαν εν ταις καρδιαις αυτων εις Αιγυπτον,

Morphology

  • ω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • ηθελησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • υπηκοοι: ADJ,nom,pl,m
  • γενεσθαι: VERB,aor,mid,inf
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • αλλα: CONJ
  • απωσαντο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,pl
  • και: CONJ
  • εστραφησαν: VERB,aor,pass,ind,3,pl
  • εν: PREP
  • ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
  • καρδιαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
  • αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m
  • εις: PREP
  • Αιγυπτον: NOUN,acc,sg,f

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:2-4 (verbal): After the spies' report the people grieved and said, 'Let us choose a leader and return to Egypt,' explicitly expressing the desire to turn back to Egypt—verbal parallel to Stephen's claim that the fathers turned back in their hearts.
  • Deuteronomy 1:26-27 (verbal): Moses recounts Israel's unwillingness to go up and their rebellion, including their complaint about returning to Egypt—an earlier telling that Acts 7 echoes in wording and idea.
  • Exodus 32:1-6 (thematic): While Moses delayed on Sinai the people 'turned' to make a golden calf; their rejection of God's appointed leader and lapse into idolatry thematically parallels Stephen's depiction of the fathers' turning away.
  • Hebrews 3:16-19 (allusion): The author of Hebrews cites the same rebellion—those who heard God's voice yet disobeyed and were barred from entering God's rest—drawing the same theological lesson as Stephen about unbelief and turning back.
  • Psalm 78:17-22 (thematic): This psalm recounts Israel's repeated testing of God, faithlessness, and desire to return, narrating the same pattern of disobedience and turning back that Stephen summarizes in Acts 7:39.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Our fathers were unwilling to be obedient; they thrust him aside and in their hearts turned back to Egypt,
  • But God turned and gave them up to worship the host of heaven, as it is written in the book of the prophets:
40 saying to Aaron, 'Make us gods to go before us; for as for this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.'

Acts.7.40 - Details

Translation

saying to Aaron, 'Make us gods to go before us; for as for this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.'

Original Text

ειποντες τω Ααρων·Ποιησον ημιν θεους οι προπορευσονται ημων·ο γαρ Μωυσης ουτος,ος εξηγαγεν ημας εκ γης Αιγυπτου,ουκ οιδαμεν τι εγενετο αυτω.

Morphology

  • ειποντες: VERB,aor,act,part,nom,pl,m
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • Ααρων·Ποιησον: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • ημιν: PRON,dat,pl,1
  • θεους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • προπορευσονται: VERB,pres,mid/pass,ind,3,pl
  • ημων·ο: PRO,gen,pl,1
  • γαρ: PART
  • Μωυσης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • ουτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • εξηγαγεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • ημας: PRON,acc,pl,1
  • εκ: PREP
  • γης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • Αιγυπτου: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • οιδαμεν: VERB,perf,act,ind,1,pl
  • τι: PRON,int,nom,sg,n
  • εγενετο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:1 (quotation): Direct narrative parallel — the people tell Aaron to 'make us gods' when Moses delays, matching Stephen's citation of their demand to Aaron.
  • Exodus 32:8 (verbal): God's description of the incident — Israel 'made for themselves a calf' and attributed their deliverance from Egypt to it; echoes Stephen's report that they repudiated Moses and sought other gods.
  • Deuteronomy 9:16–17 (quotation): Moses' retelling of the golden calf episode — recounts Israel's demand for a molten image and Moses' reaction, paralleling Stephen's retrospective account of the same rebellion.
  • Psalm 106:19–20 (thematic): Liturgical/poetic memory of the golden calf — condemns Israel's exchange of God for a calf, thematically reinforcing Stephen's critique of idolatry and rejection of Moses.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:7 (allusion): New Testament warning referencing Israel's idolatry — Paul cites the golden calf as an example to avoid, alluding to the same episode Stephen describes (apostasy and making gods).

Alternative generated candidates

  • saying to Aaron, ‘Make for us gods to go before us; for as for this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt—we do not know what has become of him.’
  • 'Did you bring to me slain beasts and sacrifices during the forty years in the wilderness, O house of Israel?'
41 And they made a calf and brought a sacrifice to the idol and rejoiced in the works of their hands.

Acts.7.41 - Details

Translation

And they made a calf and brought a sacrifice to the idol and rejoiced in the works of their hands.

Original Text

και εμοσχοποιησαν εν ταις ημεραις εκειναις και ανηγαγον θυσιαν τω ειδωλω,και ευφραινοντο εν τοις εργοις των χειρων αυτων.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • εμοσχοποιησαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • εν: PREP
  • ταις: ART,dat,pl,f
  • ημεραις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
  • εκειναις: DEM,dat,pl,f
  • και: CONJ
  • ανηγαγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • θυσιαν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • ειδωλω: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • και: CONJ
  • ευφραινοντο: VERB,impf,mp,ind,3,pl
  • εν: PREP
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • εργοις: NOUN,dat,pl,n
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • χειρων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
  • αυτων: PRON,gen,pl,m

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:4-6 (quotation): Stephen's depiction echoes the golden calf episode: the people made a calf, offered sacrifices to it and celebrated (cf. v.4 'made a molten calf', v.6 'they rose up to play').
  • Deuteronomy 9:16 (allusion): Moses' report that Israel fashioned a molten image and worshiped it parallels Stephen's summary of the calf incident and its cultic rites.
  • Psalm 106:19-20 (verbal): The psalm recounts Israel 'made a calf' and 'they exchanged their glory for the image of an ox', connecting idolatrous sacrifice with the people's adoption of a made object for worship—language mirrored in Acts 7:41.
  • Romans 1:23 (thematic): Paul's critique that people 'exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images' parallels Stephen's charge about Israel sacrificing to a work of their hands—both condemn replacing divine worship with man-made idols.
  • Psalm 115:4-8 (thematic): These verses portray idols as works of human hands that are powerless and those who make or trust them become like them—resonant with Acts 7:41's emphasis on rejoicing in the 'works of their hands' and worshiping an idol.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they made a calf and offered a sacrifice to the idol, and rejoiced in the works of their hands.
  • You took up the tent of Moloch and the star of the god Rephan, the images that you made to worship; therefore I will remove you beyond Babylon.'
42 But God turned and gave them up to worship the heavenly host, as it is written in the book of the prophets: 'Did you bring to me slain beasts and sacrifices forty years in the wilderness, O house of Israel?'

Acts.7.42 - Details

Translation

But God turned and gave them up to worship the heavenly host, as it is written in the book of the prophets: 'Did you bring to me slain beasts and sacrifices forty years in the wilderness, O house of Israel?'

Original Text

εστρεψεν δε ο θεος και παρεδωκεν αυτους λατρευειν τη στρατια του ουρανου,καθως γεγραπται εν βιβλω των προφητων·Μη σφαγια και θυσιας προσηνεγκατε μοι ετη τεσσερακοντα εν τη ερημω,οικος Ισραηλ;

Morphology

  • εστρεψεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • δε: CONJ
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • παρεδωκεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτους: PRON,acc,pl,m
  • λατρευειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • στρατια: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • ουρανου: NOUN,gen,sg,masc
  • καθως: CONJ
  • γεγραπται: VERB,perf,pass,ind,3,sg
  • εν: PREP
  • βιβλω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • προφητων·Μη: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • σφαγια: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • και: CONJ
  • θυσιας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
  • προσηνεγκατε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
  • μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
  • ετη: NOUN,acc,pl,n
  • τεσσερακοντα: NUM,acc,pl
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ερημω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • οικος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • Ισραηλ: NOUN,voc,sg,m

Parallels

  • Amos 5:25–27 (quotation): Acts 7:42 directly quotes this passage (in the LXX form) — the prophet's rebuke about Israel bringing sacrifices in the wilderness and worshiping the 'host of heaven.'
  • Amos 5:21–24 (thematic): Closely connected context in Amos condemning empty liturgy and festivals while justice is absent—background for Stephen's charge against hypocritical worship.
  • Exodus 32:1–6 (thematic): The golden calf episode in the wilderness: Israel's idolatrous making of an image and offering sacrifices, the historical event to which Stephen alludes (worship in the desert).
  • Jeremiah 7:21–23 (allusion): Yahweh disavows reliance on vain offerings and insists on obedience rather than ritual—echoes Stephen's point that God did not desire those wilderness sacrifices as Israel understood them.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But God turned and gave them up to serve the host of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, ‘Did you bring to me slain beasts and sacrifices for forty years, O house of Israel?
  • Our fathers had the tabernacle of the testimony with them in the wilderness, as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it according to the pattern he had shown him;
43 You took up the tent of Moloch and the star of the god Rephan, the images you made to worship. Therefore I will send you away beyond Babylon.'

Acts.7.43 - Details

Translation

You took up the tent of Moloch and the star of the god Rephan, the images you made to worship. Therefore I will send you away beyond Babylon.'

Original Text

και ανελαβετε την σκηνην του Μολοχ και το αστρον του θεου Ραιφαν,τους τυπους ους εποιησατε προσκυνειν αυτοις.και μετοικιω υμας επεκεινα Βαβυλωνος.

Morphology

  • και: CONJ
  • ανελαβετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
  • την: ART,acc,sg,f
  • σκηνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • Μολοχ: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • το: ART,acc,sg,n
  • αστρον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • Ραιφαν: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • τυπους: NOUN,acc,pl,m
  • ους: PRON,acc,pl,m
  • εποιησατε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
  • προσκυνειν: VERB,pres,act,inf
  • αυτοις: PRO,dat,pl,3
  • και: CONJ
  • μετοικιω: VERB,fut,act,ind,1,sg
  • υμας: PRON,acc,pl,2
  • επεκεινα: PRON,acc,pl,n
  • Βαβυλωνος: NOUN,gen,sg,f

Parallels

  • Amos 5:26 (LXX) (quotation): Acts 7:43 directly cites the Septuagint wording about 'the tent/shrine of Moloch and the star of your god Rephan' as an indictment of Israel's idolatry.
  • Amos 5:26 (MT) (verbal): The Hebrew text reads 'Sakkuth' and 'Chiun' (variants of the deity names); Acts echoes Amos' charge against Israel's worship of foreign images using different name-forms.
  • Exodus 32:4-8 (thematic): Both passages recount Israelites making and worshiping images (the golden calf) and provoke divine judgment—parallel example of communal idolatry.
  • Leviticus 20:2-5 (allusion): The law forbids offering children to Molech; Acts' mention of 'Moloch' evokes these legal condemnations of Molech-worship among Israel.
  • 1 Kings 11:7 (thematic): Solomon's building of a high place for Molech shows the acceptance/introduction of Molech-worship in Israel's history, paralleling Stephen's accusation of idolatry.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You took up the tent of Moloch and the star of your god Rephan, the images you made to worship; therefore I will send you away beyond Babylon.’
  • and after receiving it our fathers carried it with Joshua into the land, and in possession of the nations it remained until the days of David,
44 Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it, according to the pattern that he had seen.

Acts.7.44 - Details

Translation

Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it, according to the pattern that he had seen.

Original Text

Η σκηνη του μαρτυριου ην τοις πατρασιν ημων εν τη ερημω,καθως διεταξατο ο λαλων τω Μωυση ποιησαι αυτην κατα τον τυπον ον εωρακει,

Morphology

  • Η: ART,nom,sg,fem
  • σκηνη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • μαρτυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
  • ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • πατρασιν: NOUN,dat,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • ερημω: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • καθως: CONJ
  • διεταξατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • λαλων: VERB,pres,act,ptc,nom,sg,m
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • Μωυση: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • ποιησαι: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • αυτην: PRON,acc,sg,f
  • κατα: PREP
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • τυπον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • ον: PART,pres,act,nom,sg,m
  • εωρακει: VERB,perf,act,ind,3,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 25:8-9 (verbal): God commands the making of a sanctuary so He may dwell among the people and instructs Moses to make it 'according to the pattern'—the basic locus for the same phrasing in Acts 7:44.
  • Exodus 25:40 (verbal): Explicit statement that Moses was shown a pattern on the mountain and must make the tabernacle accordingly—language and concept echoed in Stephen's summary in Acts 7:44.
  • Exodus 26:30 (verbal): Command to 'make it after the pattern' given to Moses; reinforces Acts 7:44's claim that the tabernacle was built to a divinely revealed pattern.
  • Hebrews 8:5 (quotation): Directly cites the tradition that Moses was shown a heavenly pattern for the tabernacle; the writer of Hebrews uses the same point to explain the tabernacle's typological role—paralleling Stephen's remark.
  • Hebrews 9:1-5 (thematic): Description of the tabernacle's structure, furnishings, and its function as the place of the testimony/mercy seat—develops the same themes of sacred space and witness that Acts 7:44 summarizes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Our fathers had the tent of witness in the wilderness, just as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it according to the pattern that he had seen.
  • who found favor before God and asked to find a dwelling place for the God of Jacob.
45 This tabernacle our fathers carried with Joshua into the land when they dispossessed the nations, and it remained until the days of David;

Acts.7.45 - Details

Translation

This tabernacle our fathers carried with Joshua into the land when they dispossessed the nations, and it remained until the days of David;

Original Text

ην και εισηγαγον διαδεξαμενοι οι πατερες ημων μετα Ιησου εν τη κατασχεσει των εθνων ων εξωσεν ο θεος απο προσωπου των πατερων ημων εως των ημερων Δαυιδ·

Morphology

  • ην: VERB,impf,act,ind,3,sg
  • και: CONJ
  • εισηγαγον: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • διαδεξαμενοι: VERB,aor,mid,ptc,nom,pl,m
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • μετα: PREP
  • Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • τη: ART,dat,sg,f
  • κατασχεσει: NOUN,dat,sg,f
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • εθνων: NOUN,gen,pl,n
  • ων: PRON,gen,pl,m
  • εξωσεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • θεος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • απο: PREP
  • προσωπου: NOUN,gen,sg,n
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • πατερων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
  • εως: CONJ
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • ημερων: NOUN,gen,pl,f
  • Δαυιδ·: NOUN,gen,sg,m

Parallels

  • Joshua 21:43-45 (thematic): Narrative of God giving Israel the land and dispossessing the nations and granting them rest—same historical event Stephen summarizes (possession after conquest).
  • Acts 13:19 (verbal): Paul’s summary of the conquest uses near-identical language about God giving the nations into their hands and allotting the land—closely parallels Stephen’s retelling within Acts.
  • Psalm 78:54-55 (thematic): Psalmic retelling of God bringing Israel into a pleasant land and driving out the inhabitants echoes the motif of divine dispossession and settlement Stephen cites.
  • Hebrews 4:8-9 (allusion): Discussion of Joshua’s giving (or failing to give ultimately) rest to Israel alludes to the conquest tradition Stephen invokes (possession under Joshua leading toward Davidic period).
  • Deuteronomy 11:24 (verbal): Deuteronomy’s promise that every place where the sole of your foot treads will be yours provides the covenantal language of ‘possession’ that undergirds Stephen’s claim about entering and taking the land.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Our fathers, having received it, brought it in with Joshua when they dispossessed the nations that God drove out before our fathers, until the days of David;
  • But Solomon built a house for him.
46 who found favor before God and asked to find a dwelling place for the God of Jacob.

Acts.7.46 - Details

Translation

who found favor before God and asked to find a dwelling place for the God of Jacob.

Original Text

ος ευρεν χαριν ενωπιον του θεου και ητησατο ευρειν σκηνωμα τω θεω Ιακωβ.

Morphology

  • ος: PRON,nom,sg,m
  • ευρεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • χαριν: NOUN,acc,sg,f
  • ενωπιον: PREP
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • θεου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
  • και: CONJ
  • ητησατο: VERB,aor,mid,ind,3,sg
  • ευρειν: VERB,aor,act,inf
  • σκηνωμα: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • θεω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
  • Ιακωβ: NOUN,nom,sg,m

Parallels

  • Psalm 132:5 (quotation): Direct verbal parallel — Psalm 132:5 says David would not give sleep until he 'find a place for the LORD, a dwelling for the Mighty One of Jacob,' echoed in Acts 7:46's wording about seeking a dwelling for the God of Jacob.
  • 1 Chronicles 28:2-3 (verbal): David expresses a personal desire to provide a house/temple for the LORD ('I had it in my heart to build a house for the name of the LORD'), paralleling Stephen's statement that David 'asked to find a dwelling' for God.
  • 1 Chronicles 17:4-5 (allusion): God's reply to David (through Nathan) that David will not build the house but God will establish his house provides background to Acts 7:46's remark that David sought a dwelling yet did not complete it.
  • 2 Samuel 7:1-13 (thematic): Narrative context: David's intention to build a temple and God's response (the Davidic covenant) explains the tension behind Stephen's claim that David sought a dwelling for God but God chose a different plan.

Alternative generated candidates

  • who found favor before God and asked to find a dwelling place for the God of Jacob.
  • Yet the Most High does not dwell in houses made with hands, as the prophet says,
47 But it was Solomon who built a house for him.

Acts.7.47 - Details

Translation

But it was Solomon who built a house for him.

Original Text

Σολομων δε οικοδομησεν αυτω οικον.

Morphology

  • Σολομων: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • δε: CONJ
  • οικοδομησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • αυτω: PRON,dat,sg,m
  • οικον: NOUN,acc,sg,m

Parallels

  • 1 Kings 6:14 (verbal): Reports directly that Solomon 'built the house' (the temple) and finished it—close verbal parallel to Stephen's summary that 'Solomon built him a house.'
  • 1 Kings 6:38 (structural): States the completion of the temple in Solomon's eleventh year; provides the historical/structural context for Stephen's brief statement about Solomon building the house.
  • 2 Chronicles 3:1 (verbal): Explicitly records that 'Solomon began to build the house of the LORD at Jerusalem,' echoing Stephen's assertion that Solomon was the builder of God's house.
  • 1 Chronicles 28:2 (thematic): David declares he desired to build a house for the LORD but was told the task would pass to his son (Solomon)—thematic background to Stephen's contrast between David's desire and Solomon's actual construction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But Solomon built him a house.
  • 'Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What house will you build me, says the Lord, or what is my resting place?'
48 Yet the Most High does not dwell in houses made with hands; as the prophet says,

Acts.7.48 - Details

Translation

Yet the Most High does not dwell in houses made with hands; as the prophet says,

Original Text

αλλ᾽ουχ ο υψιστος εν χειροποιητοις κατοικει·καθως ο προφητης λεγει·

Morphology

  • αλλ᾽ουχ: CONJ,neg
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • υψιστος: ADJ,nom,sg,m
  • εν: PREP
  • χειροποιητοις: ADJ,dat,pl,m
  • κατοικει·καθως: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg+CONJ
  • ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • προφητης: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • λεγει·: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 66:1-2 (quotation): Acts 7:48 introduces Stephen's direct citation of Isaiah 66:1–2 ('Heaven is my throne... What kind of house will you build for me...?'), affirming that the Most High does not dwell in houses made with hands.
  • Acts 17:24 (verbal): Paul in Athens similarly states that God 'does not live in temples made with human hands,' echoing the same formula and theological point about God's transcendence over human-built shrines.
  • 1 Kings 8:27 (thematic): Solomon's prayer at the dedication of the temple raises the question whether God could dwell on earth or be contained by a house, paralleling Stephen's assertion of God's transcendence relative to temples.
  • Jeremiah 23:24 (allusion): Jeremiah's declaration that God 'fills heaven and earth' (and cannot be hidden) resonates with the same theme in Acts 7:48 — God's omnipresence beyond any physical dwelling.
  • 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 (thematic): Paul's teaching that believers are God's temple ('Do you not know that you are God's temple?') presents a complementary theme: God's presence is not confined to buildings but is with/among his people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet the Most High does not dwell in houses made with hands; as the prophet says,
  • 'Has not my hand made all these things?'
49 'Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What house will you build for me, says the Lord, or what is the place of my rest?'

Acts.7.49 - Details

Translation

'Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What house will you build for me, says the Lord, or what is the place of my rest?'

Original Text

Ο ουρανος μοι θρονος,η δε γη υποποδιον των ποδων μου·ποιον οικον οικοδομησετε μοι,λεγει κυριος,η τις τοπος της καταπαυσεως μου;

Morphology

  • Ο: ART,nom,sg,m
  • ουρανος: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
  • θρονος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • δε: CONJ
  • γη: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • υποποδιον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • ποδων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • μου·ποιον: PRON,gen,1,sg;ADJ,acc,sg,m
  • οικον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • οικοδομησετε: VERB,fut,act,ind,2,pl
  • μοι: PRON,dat,sg,1
  • λεγει: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
  • κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • τις: PRON,nom,sg,?
  • τοπος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • καταπαυσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • μου: PRON,gen,sg,1

Parallels

  • Isaiah 66:1 (quotation): Acts 7:49 directly quotes Isaiah 66:1 ('Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool...'), using the same language and rhetorical question about building a house for God.
  • 1 Kings 8:27 (thematic): Solomon's dedication prayer: 'Will God indeed dwell on the earth? Behold, heaven and the highest heaven cannot contain you...'—the theme that God cannot be contained by a temple parallels Stephen's point.
  • Jeremiah 23:24 (thematic): Jeremiah emphasizes God's omnipresence ('Do I not fill heaven and earth?'), supporting the same argument that God is not confined to a temple or specific place.
  • Acts 17:24 (thematic): Paul's speech at Athens declares God 'does not live in temples made by hands'—an independent New Testament affirmation of the idea Stephen cites about God's transcendence over earthly shrines.
  • Psalm 139:7-10 (thematic): Psalmist's reflection on God's inescapable presence ('Where shall I go from your Spirit?') resonates with the conviction that heaven is God's throne and earth his footstool.

Alternative generated candidates

  • ‘Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What house will you build for me, says the Lord, or what is my resting place?
  • You stubborn people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your fathers did, so do you.
50 Has not my hand made all these things?'

Acts.7.50 - Details

Translation

Has not my hand made all these things?'

Original Text

ουχι η χειρ μου εποιησεν ταυτα παντα;

Morphology

  • ουχι: PART
  • η: ART,nom,sg,f
  • χειρ: NOUN,nom,sg,f
  • μου: PRON,gen,sg,1
  • εποιησεν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,sg
  • ταυτα: PRON,acc,pl,n
  • παντα: ADJ,nom,pl,n

Parallels

  • Isaiah 66:1-2 (quotation): Stephen directly echoes Isaiah 66:1-2 (LXX), where God asks, 'Who has made all these things?' and declares that heaven is my throne and the earth my footstool — used to argue God does not dwell in man‑made temples.
  • Acts 17:24 (thematic): Paul's declaration that 'the God who made the world... does not live in temples made by hands' parallels Stephen's point that God's hand made all things and thus he is not confined to a built temple.
  • 1 Kings 8:27 (allusion): Solomon's prayer at the temple dedication—'Will God indeed dwell on the earth? Behold, heaven and the highest heaven cannot contain you; how much less this house?'—echoes the argument that God transcends human structures.
  • Psalm 95:4 (94:5 LXX) (verbal): The psalmist's image that 'in his hand are the depths of the earth' uses 'hand' language about divine creation, paralleling Stephen's 'did not my hand make all these things?'."}]}}‍oreferrer.Serialized JSON complete. Please verify.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Did not my hand make all these things?’
  • Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who forewarned the coming of the Righteous One, whose betrayers and murderers you have now become.
51 You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your fathers did, so do you.

Acts.7.51 - Details

Translation

You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your fathers did, so do you.

Original Text

Σκληροτραχηλοι και απεριτμητοι καρδιαις και τοις ωσιν,υμεις αει τω πνευματι τω αγιω αντιπιπτετε,ως οι πατερες υμων και υμεις.

Morphology

  • Σκληροτραχηλοι: ADJ,voc,pl,m
  • και: CONJ
  • απεριτμητοι: ADJ,voc,pl,m
  • καρδιαις: NOUN,dat,pl,f
  • και: CONJ
  • τοις: ART,dat,pl,n
  • ωσιν: VERB,pres,act,subj,3,pl
  • υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
  • αει: ADV
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • πνευματι: NOUN,dat,sg,n
  • τω: ART,dat,sg,m
  • αγιω: ADJ,dat,sg,n
  • αντιπιπτετε: VERB,pres,act,ind,2,pl
  • ως: ADV
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
  • και: CONJ
  • υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:9 (verbal): God describes Israel as a "stiff‑necked" people (σκληροτράχηλος), the same epithet Stephen applies to his hearers.
  • Deuteronomy 10:16 (verbal): God commands Israel to "circumcise... the foreskin of your heart," directly paralleling Stephen's charge of being "uncircumcised in heart."
  • Jeremiah 4:4 (allusion): The prophetic call to "circumcise yourselves... and take away the foreskins of your heart" echoes Stephen’s moral/ritual critique of inward uncircumcision.
  • Romans 2:28–29 (thematic): Paul’s distinction between outward circumcision and true, inward circumcision of the heart resonates with Stephen’s emphasis on internal spiritual condition (uncircumcised in heart).
  • Hebrews 3:8 (cf. Psalm 95:8) (thematic): "Do not harden your hearts" (quoting Psalm 95) parallels Stephen’s accusation that his audience continually resist/harden themselves against the Holy Spirit, as their fathers did.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your fathers did, so do you.
  • You who received the law as ordained by angels and did not keep it.
52 Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, and now you have become betrayers and murderers of him.

Acts.7.52 - Details

Translation

Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, and now you have become betrayers and murderers of him.

Original Text

τινα των προφητων ουκ εδιωξαν οι πατερες υμων;και απεκτειναν τους προκαταγγειλαντας περι της ελευσεως του δικαιου ου νυν υμεις προδοται και φονεις εγενεσθε,

Morphology

  • τινα: PRON,acc,sg,m
  • των: ART,gen,pl,m
  • προφητων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • εδιωξαν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • οι: ART,nom,pl,m
  • πατερες: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
  • και: CONJ
  • απεκτειναν: VERB,aor,act,ind,3,pl
  • τους: ART,acc,pl,m
  • προκαταγγειλαντας: VERB,aor,act,ptc,acc,pl,m
  • περι: PREP
  • της: ART,gen,sg,f
  • ελευσεως: NOUN,gen,sg,f
  • του: ART,gen,sg,n
  • δικαιου: ADJ,gen,sg,m
  • ου: PART,neg
  • νυν: ADV
  • υμεις: PRON,nom,pl,2
  • προδοται: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • και: CONJ
  • φονεις: NOUN,nom,pl,m
  • εγενεσθε: VERB,aor,pass,ind,2,pl

Parallels

  • Matthew 23:29-37 (thematic): Jesus accuses the Jewish leaders of honoring prophets' tombs while being descendants of those who killed the prophets and laments their persecuting and killing of God’s messengers—closely parallels Stephen’s indictment.
  • Luke 11:47-51 (verbal): Luke records Jesus charging the leaders as 'sons of those who murdered the prophets,' enumerating prophets slain from Abel to Zechariah; language and theme closely mirror Stephen’s accusation.
  • 1 Thessalonians 2:14-15 (verbal): Paul charges certain Jewish opponents with persecuting the apostles and 'killing both the Lord Jesus and the prophets,' echoing the claim that God’s messengers were persecuted and slain.
  • Hebrews 11:37 (thematic): In the hall of faith the writer lists prophets who were persecuted—stoned, sawn, killed—providing a theological summary of the same pattern of violence Stephen describes.
  • Deuteronomy 18:15-19 (allusion): The Mosaic promise of a future prophet like Moses anticipates 'the coming of the Righteous One' Stephen cites; the verse is the Old Testament background for prophecies the fathers rejected.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, whose betrayers and murderers you now have become;
  • Why do you now resist the Holy Spirit? That same Spirit spoke through the prophets to foretell the coming of the Righteous One. For you belong to those who murdered the Righteous and betrayed and murdered the prophets,
53 You who received the law as ordained by angels and did not keep it."

Acts.7.53 - Details

Translation

You who received the law as ordained by angels and did not keep it."

Original Text

οιτινες ελαβετε τον νομον εις διαταγας αγγελων,και ουκ εφυλαξατε.

Morphology

  • οιτινες: PRO,rel,nom,pl,m
  • ελαβετε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl
  • τον: ART,acc,sg,m
  • νομον: NOUN,acc,sg,m
  • εις: PREP
  • διαταγας: NOUN,acc,pl,f
  • αγγελων: NOUN,gen,pl,m
  • και: CONJ
  • ουκ: PART,neg
  • εφυλαξατε: VERB,aor,act,ind,2,pl

Parallels

  • Galatians 3:19 (verbal): Explicitly states the law was 'ordained through angels' (Greek διαταγαὶ ἀγγέλων), directly echoing Acts 7:53’s claim about the law's transmission via angels.
  • Hebrews 2:2 (allusion): Speaks of 'the message declared by angels' and its authority, alluding to the Sinai tradition that the law was given/mediated by angels, a theme Stephen invokes.
  • John 7:19 (thematic): Jesus’ challenge—'Did not Moses give you the law? Yet none of you keeps the law'—parallels Stephen’s accusation that the recipients received the law but failed to keep it.
  • Acts 7:38 (structural): Earlier in Stephen’s speech Moses is said to have 'received living oracles' to give Israel; Acts 7:53 echoes and contrasts that reception with the people’s failure to keep the law.

Alternative generated candidates

  • you who received the law as ordained by angels and yet did not keep it.
  • who received the law as ordained by angels and did not keep it.

Then the high priest said, "Are these things so?" And he said, "Brothers and fathers, listen: The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran. And he said to him, 'Go out from your land and from your kindred and come into the land that I will show you.'

Then he went out from the land of the Chaldeans and lived in Haran; and from there, after his father died, God moved him into this land in which you now dwell.

Yet he gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot's breadth, but promised to give it to him as a possession and to his offspring after him, though he had no child. And God spoke thus: 'Your descendants will be sojourners in a land not their own; they shall be enslaved and oppressed for four hundred years. But I will judge the nation that enslaves them,' said God, 'and afterwards they shall come out and serve me in this place.' And he gave him the covenant of circumcision; and so Abraham became the father of Isaac, and circumcised him on the eighth day; and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs. And the patriarchs, moved with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt; but God was with him. And rescued him out of all his afflictions and gave him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who made him governor over Egypt and over his whole household. Now there came a famine throughout all the land; and our fathers found no food. But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers there the first time.

On the second visit Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Joseph's kindred were made known to Pharaoh. And Joseph sent and summoned Jacob his father and all his kindred, seventy-five persons in all. So Jacob went down into Egypt and died, he and our fathers,

and they were carried back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham bought for a sum of money from the sons of Hamor at Shechem. But as the time of the promise drew near which God had sworn to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt,

until another king arose who did not know Joseph.

He dealt craftily with our race and oppressed our fathers so that they cast out their infants, that they might not live.

At that time Moses was born, and he was beautiful in God's sight; and he was cared for three months in his father's house.

When he was put out, Pharaoh's daughter took him up and reared him as her own son. And Moses was instructed in all the learning of the Egyptians and was powerful in speech and action.

When he was forty years old, it entered his heart to visit his brothers, the children of Israel. And seeing one of them being wronged, he defended him and avenged the oppressed by striking down the Egyptian.

He supposed that his brothers would understand that God was granting them deliverance by his hand, but they did not.

On the next day he appeared to them as they were disputing and tried to reconcile them, saying, 'Men, you are brothers; why do you wrong one another?' But the one who did his neighbor wrong thrust him aside, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge over us?'

Do you mean to kill me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?'

When Moses heard it, he fled and became a resident of the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons. And when forty years had passed, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire in a bush on Mount Sinai.

When Moses saw it, he marveled at the sight; and as he drew near to look, the voice of the Lord came to him,

saying, 'I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.' And Moses trembled and would not dare to look.

Then the Lord said to him, 'Take off the sandals from your feet; for the place on which you stand is holy ground. I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning, and I have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you to Egypt.'"

This Moses they refused, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge?' and they turned back and sought to return to Egypt;

but Moses was entrusted with leadership and deliverance by God through the angel who appeared to him in the bush.

This man led them out, performing wonders and signs in Egypt and at the sea and in the wilderness for forty years.

This is the Moses who said to the people of Israel, 'The Lord God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers; you shall listen to him.'

This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers; he received living oracles to give to us.

Our fathers refused to obey him; they rejected him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt,

saying to Aaron, 'Make us gods to go before us; for as for this Moses who brought us out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him.' And they made a calf and brought a sacrifice to the idol and rejoiced in the works of their hands. But God turned and gave them up to worship the heavenly host, as it is written in the book of the prophets: 'Did you bring to me slain beasts and sacrifices forty years in the wilderness, O house of Israel?'

You took up the tent of Moloch and the star of the god Rephan, the images you made to worship. Therefore I will send you away beyond Babylon.'

Our fathers had the tabernacle of witness in the wilderness, as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it, according to the pattern that he had seen.

This tabernacle our fathers carried with Joshua into the land when they dispossessed the nations, and it remained until the days of David;

who found favor before God and asked to find a dwelling place for the God of Jacob. But it was Solomon who built a house for him.

Yet the Most High does not dwell in houses made with hands; as the prophet says,

'Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What house will you build for me, says the Lord, or what is the place of my rest?'

Has not my hand made all these things?'

You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit. As your fathers did, so do you.

Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who foretold the coming of the Righteous One, and now you have become betrayers and murderers of him.

You who received the law as ordained by angels and did not keep it."