Civil War: Israel vs. Benjamin

Judges 20:1-48

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 All the people of Israel went out, and the assembly gathered as one man at Mizpah — from Dan to Beersheba and the land of Gilead — before the LORD at Mizpah.

Jud.20.1 - Details

Translation

All the people of Israel went out, and the assembly gathered as one man at Mizpah — from Dan to Beersheba and the land of Gilead — before the LORD at Mizpah.

Original Text

ויצאו כל־ בני ישראל ותקהל העדה כאיש אחד למדן ועד־ באר שבע וארץ הגלעד אל־ יהוה המצפה׃

Morphology

  • ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותקהל: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • כאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • למדן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP
  • באר: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שבע: NUM,card
  • וארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הגלעד: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • המצפה: NOUN,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 7:5-6 (structural): Samuel summons and gathers all Israel to Mizpah to fast, pray, and seek the LORD in response to a national crisis—same location and corporate religious response as Judges 20:1.
  • 1 Samuel 3:20 (verbal): Uses the formula “from Dan even to Beersheba” to denote the whole land of Israel—same nationwide geographic expression found in Judges 20:1.
  • Judges 20:26 (structural): Later in the same chapter the Israelites assemble at the house of God, fast, weep, and offer sacrifices at Mizpah—direct continuation and parallel of the congregational gathering to seek the LORD.
  • 2 Samuel 5:3 (thematic): “All the elders of Israel” come together at Hebron to make David king—another instance of the tribes assembling as one body for a decisive national action, echoing the unity language of Judges 20:1.
  • Joshua 7:6 (thematic): After Achan’s transgression all Israel mourns and Joshua seeks the LORD—an episode where the whole community assembles and appeals to God in the face of a national calamity, paralleling the motive behind the gathering at Mizpah.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then all the sons of Israel went out, and the congregation assembled as one man at Mizpah—from Dan to Beersheba, and to the land of Gilead—before the LORD at Mizpah.
  • And all the people of Israel went out, and the congregation assembled as one man to the LORD at Mizpah—from Dan even to Beersheba, and the land of Gilead.
2 All the people stood in their ranks, all the tribes of Israel, in the assembly before God: four hundred thousand footmen who drew sword.

Jud.20.2 - Details

Translation

All the people stood in their ranks, all the tribes of Israel, in the assembly before God: four hundred thousand footmen who drew sword.

Original Text

ויתיצבו פנות כל־ העם כל שבטי ישראל בקהל עם האלהים ארבע מאות אלף איש רגלי שלף חרב׃

Morphology

  • ויתיצבו: VERB,hitpael,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • פנות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כל: DET
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כל: DET
  • שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בקהל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ארבע: NUM,card,f
  • מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רגלי: ADJ,m,pl
  • שלף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:26 (thematic): A mass assembly called to identify who is 'on the LORD's side' and to act collectively for Yahweh—similar motif of the people gathering as one for a divine cause.
  • Deuteronomy 20:1-4 (thematic): Instruction for Israel before battle invoking the LORD's presence and encouragement for armed men—parallels the mobilization of armed footmen ready for combat under divine sanction.
  • 1 Samuel 11:7 (structural): A sudden summoning of Israel and a united response ('with one consent') to confront an enemy—echoes the rapid assembling of the tribes as one armed force.
  • 2 Samuel 5:1-3 (structural): All the tribes and elders of Israel assemble to acknowledge and act together (in this case, to make David king)—comparable corporate gathering of the tribes for a decisive national action.
  • 1 Chronicles 12:38 (verbal): Language of unity ('all Israel were of one heart') closely parallels the picture of the tribes standing together 'as one man' in Judges 20:2.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the people presented themselves, every one of the tribes of Israel, in the assembly before God: four hundred thousand foot soldiers who drew the sword.
  • And the tribes of Israel stood up, the whole people, by tribes, before the LORD—four hundred thousand men of choice, who drew the sword.
3 The Benjaminites heard that the Israelites had gone up to Mizpah; and the Israelites said, "Speak: how did this wickedness come about?"

Jud.20.3 - Details

Translation

The Benjaminites heard that the Israelites had gone up to Mizpah; and the Israelites said, "Speak: how did this wickedness come about?"

Original Text

וישמעו בני בנימן כי־ עלו בני־ ישראל המצפה ויאמרו בני ישראל דברו איכה נהיתה הרעה הזאת׃

Morphology

  • וישמעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • כי: CONJ
  • עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • המצפה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
  • איכה: INTJ
  • נהיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judges 19:30 (verbal): Immediate lead‑in to ch.20: same public outrage over a heinous crime and the call to take counsel—language and social response closely parallel (assemble, deliberate, speak).
  • Judges 20:8 (structural): Direct continuation of the assembly at Mizpah: the Israelites inquire into the evil and then gather at the house of God to seek counsel and pursue collective action (war).
  • 1 Samuel 7:5–6 (thematic): Israel again assembles at Mizpah in a national crisis to confess, seek the LORD and obtain divine guidance/deliverance—same motif of a communal gathering at Mizpah to deal with national sin and danger.
  • Deuteronomy 21:1–9 (thematic): Prescribes a communal procedure for an unsolved homicide and acknowledges corporate responsibility; thematically related to Judges' concern with communal redress and ritual/collective handling of grievous violence.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the men of Benjamin heard that the sons of Israel had gone up to Mizpah. Then the sons of Israel said, "Speak, how did this evil come to pass?"
  • And the men of Benjamin heard that the sons of Israel had gone up to Mizpah; and the sons of Israel said, "Speak: how did this evil come about?"
4 The Levite, the husband of the murdered woman, answered and said, "I came to Gibeah of Benjamin, I and my concubine, to spend the night."

Jud.20.4 - Details

Translation

The Levite, the husband of the murdered woman, answered and said, "I came to Gibeah of Benjamin, I and my concubine, to spend the night."

Original Text

ויען האיש הלוי איש האשה הנרצחה ויאמר הגבעתה אשר לבנימן באתי אני ופילגשי ללון׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • האיש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הלוי: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האשה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הנרצחה: PART,niphal,part,NA,f,sg,def
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • הגבעתה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • לבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • באתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • ופילגשי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,poss1s
  • ללון: VERB,qal,inf

Parallels

  • Judges 19:1 (structural): Introduces the same Levite and his concubine — sets the narrative context for the statement in 20:4 (same characters and backstory).
  • Judges 19:15-16 (verbal): Describes the couple's arrival at Gibeah and lodging there (parallels the Levite's claim 'I came to Gibeah... to spend the night').
  • Judges 19:22 (thematic): Reports the men of Gibeah demanding sexual access to the guest — the act of violence that precipitates the murder and the Levite's later report to Israel in ch. 20.
  • Judges 19:29-30 (structural): The Levite's grisly response (dismembering his concubine and sending pieces throughout Israel) leads directly to the assembly and military response recounted in Judges 20, which begins with his testimony.
  • Genesis 19:4-11 (thematic): Sodom episode: townsmen demand to abuse visitors — a close thematic parallel of hospitality violated and sexual violence prompting communal outrage and judgement.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the Levite, the man to whom the murdered woman belonged, answered and said, "I came into Gibeah of Benjamin with my concubine to spend the night.
  • And the Levite, the man whose concubine was murdered, answered and said, "I came to Gibeah of Benjamin, I and my concubine, to spend the night."
5 But the men of Gibeah rose up against me and surrounded the house at nightfall; they intended to kill me. They assaulted my concubine and abused her, and she died.

Jud.20.5 - Details

Translation

But the men of Gibeah rose up against me and surrounded the house at nightfall; they intended to kill me. They assaulted my concubine and abused her, and she died.

Original Text

ויקמו עלי בעלי הגבעה ויסבו עלי את־ הבית לילה אותי דמו להרג ואת־ פילגשי ענו ותמת׃

Morphology

  • ויקמו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • בעלי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויסבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • הבית: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אותי: PRON,1,sg,acc
  • דמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss3ms
  • להרג: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • ואת: CONJ
  • פילגשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1,sg
  • ענו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ותמת: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Judges 19:22-26 (structural): Immediate narrative account of the same crime in Gibeah — details of the men surrounding the house and brutal abuse of the Levite's concubine that his report recounts.
  • Genesis 19:4-8 (thematic): Parallel motif of men of a city surrounding a house at night to sexually assault visitors/guests (the Sodom incident), highlighting violation of hospitality and communal depravity.
  • 2 Samuel 13:1-22 (thematic): Another instance of sexual violence within Israel (Amnon's rape of Tamar) that precipitates family and national crisis — thematically linked by rape, dishonor, and ensuing social fallout.
  • Deuteronomy 22:23-27 (thematic): Legal treatment of sexual assault in town versus field; relevant for understanding ancient perspectives on rape, consent, and the severity of the offense reported in Judges 20:5.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the men of the Gibeah rose up against me, surrounded the house at night; they surrounded me and intended to strike me down, that they might lie with me, but my concubine they ravished and she died.
  • And the men of Gibeah rose up against me and surrounded the house against me by night. They were near to slaying me; they have ravaged my concubine, and she is dead.
6 Then I took my concubine and divided her, limb by limb, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel, for they have acted wantonly and shamefully in Israel.

Jud.20.6 - Details

Translation

Then I took my concubine and divided her, limb by limb, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel, for they have acted wantonly and shamefully in Israel.

Original Text

ואחז בפילגשי ואנתחה ואשלחה בכל־ שדה נחלת ישראל כי עשו זמה ונבלה בישראל׃

Morphology

  • ואחז: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בפילגשי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff
  • ואנתחה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ואשלחה: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שדה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נחלת: NOUN,f,sg,const
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • זמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ונבלה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg 19:29 (verbal): Same episode — the concubine’s body is cut up and sent throughout Israel; Judges 20:6 echoes the action of mutilation and distribution.
  • Judg 19:30 (structural): Immediate national response to the crime in 19:29–30; explains the outrage that leads Israel to assemble and take action against Benjamin.
  • Judg 21:1-14 (structural): Direct narrative aftermath: Israel’s wars against Benjamin and the measures taken to provide wives for the surviving Benjaminites, showing the consequences of the outrage described in 20:6.
  • 2 Sam 13:1-22 (thematic): Another instance of sexual violence within Israel (Amnon’s rape of Tamar) that produces familial and national trauma — thematically comparable to the concubine’s abuse and its fallout.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then I took my concubine and cut her in pieces, limb by limb, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel; for they have done a vile thing and a disgrace in Israel.
  • Then I took my concubine and divided her, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel; for they have wrought a lewd and vile thing in Israel.
7 Behold, all of you, sons of Israel: give counsel and advice.

Jud.20.7 - Details

Translation

Behold, all of you, sons of Israel: give counsel and advice.

Original Text

הנה כלכם בני ישראל הבו לכם דבר ועצה הלם׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • כלכם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הבו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועצה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הלם: ADV

Parallels

  • Judges 20:18 (structural): Same narrative context—after assembling Israel they next 'asked counsel of God' (whether to go to battle), continuing the communal deliberation begun in 20:7.
  • Exodus 17:4 (verbal): Moses asks God 'What shall I do unto this people?'—a similar expression of seeking a course of action for the community.
  • 1 Kings 12:6-7 (thematic): All Israel comes together to address a national decision and 'consulted'—parallel motif of the whole community convening to determine policy.
  • Deuteronomy 31:11-12 (thematic): Instruction to 'gather the people'—an institutional precedent for assembling all Israel to hear instruction and make communal decisions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, all of you, sons of Israel; give counsel and take counsel here.
  • Behold, all of you are sons of Israel; give verdict and counsel here.
8 All the people rose up as one man, saying, "None of us shall return to his tent, nor shall any of us go to his house."

Jud.20.8 - Details

Translation

All the people rose up as one man, saying, "None of us shall return to his tent, nor shall any of us go to his house."

Original Text

ויקם כל־ העם כאיש אחד לאמר לא נלך איש לאהלו ולא נסור איש לביתו׃

Morphology

  • ויקם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נלך: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,_,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאהלו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • נסור: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לביתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judges 20:11 (verbal): Repeats the same formula—'all the people rose as one man'—emphasizing unanimous resolve within the same narrative.
  • Exodus 32:26 (thematic): After the golden calf incident Moses asks, 'Who is on the LORD's side?' and 'the sons of Levi gathered themselves together'—a collective, decisive assembly responding in unity to a crisis.
  • Acts 2:1 (structural): The Greek account that 'they were all with one accord in one place' conveys the same idea of corporate unanimity and united action as in Judges 20:8.
  • Acts 1:14 (thematic): 'All these were continually devoting themselves with one accord to prayer'—another New Testament example of a group acting and resolved as one.
  • Genesis 11:1 (thematic): 'Now the whole earth had one language and the same words'—an early biblical expression of collective unity and common purpose comparable to the unanimity in Judges 20:8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And all the people arose as one man, saying, "None of us will go to his tent, none will return to his house;"
  • And all the people rose as one man and said, "Not one of us shall return to his tent, nor shall any of us go to his house."
9 And now this is the thing that was done at Gibeah, which lies among us by lot.

Jud.20.9 - Details

Translation

And now this is the thing that was done at Gibeah, which lies among us by lot.

Original Text

ועתה זה הדבר אשר נעשה לגבעה עליה בגורל׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נעשה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • לגבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עליה: PREP,3,f,sg
  • בגורל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 19:30 (verbal): The Levite’s original report uses the same formula (“הנה הדבר אשר נעשה בגבעה”)—the graphic incident at Gibeah that 20:9 refers back to.
  • Judges 20:1-11 (structural): The assembly at Mizpah and the formal inquiry into the Gibeah crime; 20:9 is part of this section framing the tribes’ response.
  • Judges 20:13 (thematic): The demand that Benjamin surrender the men responsible for the Gibeah atrocity continues the legal and punitive concern introduced in 20:9.
  • Judges 21:1-14 (thematic): The aftermath of the conflict over Gibeah—attacks on Jabesh‑Gilead and measures to preserve Benjamin—shows the wider consequences of the event described in 20:9.

Alternative generated candidates

  • but now this is the thing that was done to Gibeah—decide it by lot.
  • Now this is the matter that was done at Gibeah—about which the lot has fallen.
10 We will take ten men from every hundred, a hundred from every thousand, and a thousand from every ten thousand, to provision the people and to bring them to Gibeah of Benjamin, to do justice for all the vileness that has been wrought in Israel.

Jud.20.10 - Details

Translation

We will take ten men from every hundred, a hundred from every thousand, and a thousand from every ten thousand, to provision the people and to bring them to Gibeah of Benjamin, to do justice for all the vileness that has been wrought in Israel.

Original Text

ולקחנו עשרה אנשים למאה לכל ׀ שבטי ישראל ומאה לאלף ואלף לרבבה לקחת צדה לעם לעשות לבואם לגבע בנימן ככל־ הנבלה אשר עשה בישראל׃

Morphology

  • ולקחנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
  • עשרה: NUM,card,m,pl
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • למאה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לכל: PREP
  • שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ומאה: CONJ+NUM,f,sg,abs
  • לאלף: NUM,m,sg
  • ואלף: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לרבבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לקחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • צדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לעם: PREP
  • לעשות: VERB,qal,inf
  • לבואם: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,pl
  • לגבע: PREP+PNOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • ככל: PREP
  • הנבלה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.20.11 (verbal): Immediate continuation—same episode of mustering Israel by hundreds and thousands; continues the language of assembling and numbering the men for battle at Gibeah.
  • Numbers 1:2-3 (structural): Census/mustering of Israel by tribes and head-counts for military service; parallels organizational pattern of levying men "by hundreds and thousands."
  • Deuteronomy 20:1-4 (thematic): Instructions and theological rationale for going out to battle—trusting Yahweh and mustering for war; provides the covenantal framework for Israel's armed assembly in Judges.
  • 1 Samuel 11:7 (thematic): Example of a nationwide summons and rapid mobilization to relieve a city (Jabesh‑Gilead); like Judges 20, it depicts a collective military response of the tribes to an atrocity against a town.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then they took of them ten men out of every hundred, a hundred out of every thousand, and a thousand out of every ten thousand, to provide provisions for the people, to bring them to Gibeah of Benjamin, to execute judgment on Gibeah according to all the vile things which they had done in Israel.
  • We have taken men by tens from each hundred of all the tribes of Israel, a hundred from each thousand, and a thousand from ten thousand, to furnish provision for the people, that they may come to Gibeah of Benjamin, according to all the vileness that they have done in Israel.
11 So all the people of Israel assembled to the city, as one man, united.

Jud.20.11 - Details

Translation

So all the people of Israel assembled to the city, as one man, united.

Original Text

ויאסף כל־ איש ישראל אל־ העיר כאיש אחד חברים׃

Morphology

  • ויאסף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • כאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • חברים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.20.2 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same narrative: the tribes of Israel gather and the formula of assembling ‘as one man’ is repeated, emphasizing national unity before battle.
  • 1 Sam.11.7 (verbal): When Saul mobilizes Israel against Nahash, the people are called and ‘went out as one man’—the same phraseology and idea of unanimous national muster.
  • Neh.8.1 (verbal): Postexilic assembly: ‘all the people gathered together as one man’ to hear the Law—same wording and the theme of corporate gathering in unity.
  • Acts 1.14 (thematic): The disciples ‘all with one accord’ (single-minded unity) in prayer; a New Testament parallel in theme (communal unity and solidarity) though expressed in different terms.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So all the men of Israel were gathered to the city, united as one man.
  • So all the men of Israel gathered to the city as one man, united.
12 The tribes of Israel sent men throughout the tribe of Benjamin, saying, "What is this wickedness that has happened among you?"

Jud.20.12 - Details

Translation

The tribes of Israel sent men throughout the tribe of Benjamin, saying, "What is this wickedness that has happened among you?"

Original Text

וישלחו שבטי ישראל אנשים בכל־ שבטי בנימן לאמר מה הרעה הזאת אשר נהיתה בכם׃

Morphology

  • וישלחו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שבטי: NOUN,m,pl,con
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • מה: PRON,int
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נהיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • בכם: PREP,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Joshua 22:10-12 (verbal): The other tribes send a delegation to the eastern tribes (Reuben, Gad, half-Manasseh) to ask about an altar and accuse them of rebellion—same motif of sending messengers to question an apparent communal wrong.
  • Judges 19:29-30 (structural): Immediate narrative context: the atrocity against the Levite's concubine produces national outrage and summons Israel, which directly leads to the demand recorded in Judges 20:12.
  • Judges 20:1-3 (structural): Earlier verses in the same episode: the tribes assemble and demand that Benjamin hand over the perpetrators—an internal repetition/parallel within the chapter showing the same inquiry and escalation.
  • Joshua 7:6-9 (thematic): After Israel’s defeat at Ai Joshua seeks an explanation for the disaster and investigates sin within the community—a communal inquiry into wrongdoing that parallels the tribes’ demand to Benjamin.
  • 1 Samuel 12:1-5 (thematic): Samuel summons Israel’s leaders and confronts them about covenantal failures; like Judges 20:12 this passage involves leaders confronting the people/tribes about misconduct and accountability.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the tribes of Israel sent men throughout the tribe of Benjamin, saying, "What is this wickedness that has happened among you?
  • And the tribes of Israel sent men throughout the tribes of Benjamin, saying, "What is this evil thing that has happened among you?"
13 Now therefore give up the men, the worthless fellows in Gibeah, that we may put them to death and remove the evil from Israel." But the sons of Benjamin would not listen to the voice of their brothers, the sons of Israel.

Jud.20.13 - Details

Translation

Now therefore give up the men, the worthless fellows in Gibeah, that we may put them to death and remove the evil from Israel." But the sons of Benjamin would not listen to the voice of their brothers, the sons of Israel.

Original Text

ועתה תנו את־ האנשים בני־ בליעל אשר בגבעה ונמיתם ונבערה רעה מישראל ולא אבו בני בנימן לשמע בקול אחיהם בני־ ישראל׃

Morphology

  • ועתה: CONJ
  • תנו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בליעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בגבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ונמיתם: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • ונבערה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • רעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מישראל: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • לשמע: INF,qal,infc
  • בקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אחיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 19:22-30 (structural): Immediate narrative antecedent: the gang rape and murder of the Levite’s concubine in Gibeah that provokes Israel’s demand to hand over the guilty men and purge evil from Israel.
  • Deuteronomy 13:12-18 (thematic): Law concerning a city led into idolatry: investigate the charge and destroy the city and its inhabitants to 'put away the evil'—parallel rationale and corporate purge language.
  • Deuteronomy 21:18-21 (structural): Law prescribing that a persistently rebellious son be stoned by the men of his city—an example of communal execution to remove a source of evil within Israel.
  • 1 Samuel 2:12 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'sons of Belial' (בני־בליעל) to describe corrupt men; parallels the epithet applied to the Gibeah perpetrators in Judges 20:13.
  • Ezekiel 9:4-6 (thematic): Divine commission to mark the righteous and slay those who commit abominations—echoes the motif of purging the land of wickedness by executing the guilty.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Now therefore give us the men, the worthless fellows who are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death and remove evil from Israel." But the sons of Benjamin would not listen to the voice of their brethren, the sons of Israel.
  • Now therefore give up the men, the worthless fellows who are in Gibeah, that we may put them to death and purge the evil from Israel." But the sons of Benjamin would not heed the voice of their brothers, the sons of Israel.
14 Then the Benjaminites gathered from their cities to Gibeah to go out to battle against the Israelites.

Jud.20.14 - Details

Translation

Then the Benjaminites gathered from their cities to Gibeah to go out to battle against the Israelites.

Original Text

ויאספו בני־ בנימן מן־ הערים הגבעתה לצאת למלחמה עם־ בני ישראל׃

Morphology

  • ויאספו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • מן: PREP
  • הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • הגבעתה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לצאת: VERB,qal,inf
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 20:13 (verbal): Immediate report of the same mobilization — earlier verse uses the same language of the Benjamites assembling from their cities to go out to war, repeating the muster motif within the narrative.
  • Judges 21:1–2 (structural): Aftermath of the civil conflict: the Israelite tribes again come together at Mizpah to deliberate and take collective action, mirroring the large-scale assembly and communal consequences of the earlier mobilization.
  • Numbers 14:40–45 (thematic): Israelites assemble to attack the Canaanites despite prior divine warning and are defeated — a thematically similar scene of nationwide mustering for battle that results in disastrous conflict.
  • 1 Samuel 11:6–7 (thematic): Saul’s rapid mobilization of Israel to confront Nahash (cutting and sending pieces of oxen and calling the people) parallels the sudden gathering of forces and the tribal/communal rally to war depicted in Judges 20.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the sons of Benjamin gathered themselves from the cities to Gibeah, to go out to battle against the sons of Israel.
  • Then the Benjamites gathered from their cities to go out to battle against the children of Israel.
15 On that day the Benjaminites mustered twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gibeah who mustered seven hundred chosen men.

Jud.20.15 - Details

Translation

On that day the Benjaminites mustered twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gibeah who mustered seven hundred chosen men.

Original Text

ויתפקדו בני בנימן ביום ההוא מהערים עשרים וששה אלף איש שלף חרב לבד מישבי הגבעה התפקדו שבע מאות איש בחור׃

Morphology

  • ויתפקדו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • מהערים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,def
  • עשרים: NUM,card,pl
  • וששה: CONJ+NUM,card
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שלף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לבד: PREP
  • מישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • התפקדו: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,pl
  • שבע: NUM,card
  • מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 20:16 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode that reiterates and specifies the ‘seven hundred chosen men’ from Gibeah mentioned in 20:15 — a near-verbatim detail of Benjamin’s force.
  • Judges 19:22-30 (thematic): Narrative background for the conflict: the crime at Gibeah (rape and murder) that provokes Israel’s demand for justice and the subsequent war against Benjamin.
  • Numbers 1:2-3 (allusion): Legal/ideological precedent for counting fighting men — God’s command to number all able-bodied men for military service provides background for the practice of mustering troops as seen in Judges 20.
  • Numbers 26:2 (thematic): Another wilderness census of those able to go to war; thematically parallels the practice of enumerating fighting men and highlights the importance of tribal military strength in Israel’s history.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the men of Benjamin were mustered on that day from the cities twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gibeah—seven hundred chosen men, left-handed, every one able to sling a stone at a hair and not miss.
  • Now the men of Benjamin were mustered out of the cities that day, twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gibeah who were numbered seven hundred chosen men.
16 Of all this people seven hundred were left-handed; every one could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.

Jud.20.16 - Details

Translation

Of all this people seven hundred were left-handed; every one could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.

Original Text

מכל ׀ העם הזה שבע מאות איש בחור אטר יד־ ימינו כל־ זה קלע באבן אל־ השערה ולא יחטא׃

Morphology

  • מכל: PREP
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הזה: DEM,m,sg
  • שבע: NUM,card
  • מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אטר: ADJ,m,sg
  • יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימינו: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3ms
  • כל: DET
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • קלע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • באבן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • השערה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יחטא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judges 3:15 (verbal): Mentions a left‑handed man (Ehud); parallels the explicit identification of left‑handed warriors in Judg 20:16.
  • 1 Samuel 17:49–50 (thematic): David uses a sling and a stone to fell Goliath—parallels the martial use of slingers and their deadly accuracy.
  • 1 Chronicles 12:2 (verbal): Lists warriors 'armed with bows, who could use both the right hand and the left'—closely parallels the motif of ambidextrous/left‑handed skilled fighters.
  • Nehemiah 4:17–18 (thematic): Workers carried on construction with a weapon in one hand and tools in the other—echoes the theme of combining manual skill with martial proficiency (use of both hands).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Of all these people seven hundred chosen men were left-handed; each could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.
  • Of all this people there were seven hundred chosen men who were left-handed; every one could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.
17 The Israelites mustered four hundred thousand men who drew the sword, besides Benjamin.

Jud.20.17 - Details

Translation

The Israelites mustered four hundred thousand men who drew the sword, besides Benjamin.

Original Text

ואיש ישראל התפקדו לבד מבנימן ארבע מאות אלף איש שלף חרב כל־ זה איש מלחמה׃

Morphology

  • ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • התפקדו: VERB,hithpael,perf,3,m,pl
  • לבד: PREP
  • מבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,m,abs
  • ארבע: NUM,card,f
  • מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שלף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 1:3 (structural): Both verses describe the mustering/enumeration of Israel's fighting men (those fit for war) as preparation for military action.
  • 2 Samuel 24:9 (verbal): Uses similar language about large numbers of 'valiant men' who 'drew the sword' (men of war), paralleling Judges' emphasis on a vast armed host.
  • 1 Chronicles 21:5 (verbal): Parallel account to 2 Samuel with the same motif of a census yielding hundreds of thousands of 'men that drew the sword,' echoing Judges' numeric and martial imagery.
  • Judges 7:2 (thematic): Contrasts the theme here (a great assembled army ready for battle) with Gideon’s reduction of forces—both passages focus on the relation between Israel’s forces and divine action in war.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the sons of Israel were mustered, excluding Benjamin, four hundred thousand men who drew the sword—every one a man of war.
  • And the men of Israel were numbered, besides Benjamin, four hundred thousand men who drew the sword; all these were warriors.
18 They went up and camped at Bethel, and inquired of God. The Israelites said, "Who shall go up first for us to battle against the Benjaminites?" And the LORD said, "Judah shall go first."

Jud.20.18 - Details

Translation

They went up and camped at Bethel, and inquired of God. The Israelites said, "Who shall go up first for us to battle against the Benjaminites?" And the LORD said, "Judah shall go first."

Original Text

ויקמו ויעלו בית־ אל וישאלו באלהים ויאמרו בני ישראל מי יעלה־ לנו בתחלה למלחמה עם־ בני בנימן ויאמר יהוה יהודה בתחלה׃

Morphology

  • ויקמו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • וישאלו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • באלהים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • בתחלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • יהודה: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • בתחלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 23:2-4 (verbal): Both passages depict leaders 'inquiring of the LORD' about military action; God gives a direct answer determining whether or how to engage the enemy.
  • 1 Samuel 30:8 (verbal): David 'inquires of the LORD' before pursuing raiders and receives divine direction — parallels the pattern of seeking Yahweh’s guidance prior to battle in Judges 20:18.
  • Numbers 2:3 (structural): The camp and march order place Judah first; structurally parallels Judges 20:18 where the LORD designates Judah to go first in battle.
  • Genesis 49:8-10 (thematic): Jacob’s blessing assigns leadership and a scepter to Judah (victory/authority imagery), thematically echoing the tribe’s leadership role when God names Judah to lead the fight.
  • Judges 7:4-7 (thematic): God selects and limits the forces who will fight (Gideon’s men) and directs how victory comes; parallels the motif of divine determination of who will take the field and how Israel’s battles are conducted.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They rose and went up to Bethel and inquired of God. The sons of Israel said, "Who shall go up first to battle against the sons of Benjamin?" And the LORD said, "Judah shall go first."
  • And they rose and went up to Bethel and inquired of God. And they said, "Who shall go up first to battle against the Benjamites?" The LORD said, "Judah shall go up first."
19 The Israelites rose in the morning and camped against Gibeah.

Jud.20.19 - Details

Translation

The Israelites rose in the morning and camped against Gibeah.

Original Text

ויקומו בני־ ישראל בבקר ויחנו על־ הגבעה׃

Morphology

  • ויקומו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בבקר: PREP
  • ויחנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • על: PREP
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judges 4:6-14 (thematic): Both passages describe Israel mustering and going up to fight an enemy under charismatic leadership (Barak/Deborah in ch.4; the tribal assembly in ch.20), including movement to a high place (Mount Tabor/nearby heights) before battle.
  • Joshua 8:10-11 (structural): In Joshua the Israelites take positions on the heights and set an ambush behind Ai—a similar tactical use of hills/high ground and morning movement prior to engagement as in Judg 20:19.
  • 1 Samuel 11:7,11 (thematic): Saul's rapid mustering and morning attack on Nahash’s Ammonites parallels the motif of Israel rising early to assemble and take the field against an internal/external foe.
  • 2 Samuel 5:22-25 (thematic): David’s early-morning confrontations with the Philistines (rising, positioning, and striking) echo the pattern of morning mobilization and engagement found in Judges 20:19.
  • 2 Chronicles 20:20-23 (thematic): Jehoshaphat’s forces stand and act in the morning and the LORD gives victory—another example of dawn assembly/action and use of positioning on the landscape before/at the outset of battle.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So the sons of Israel rose early in the morning and encamped against Gibeah.
  • Then the children of Israel rose early and camped against Gibeah.
20 The men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; the Israelites arrayed themselves for battle against Gibeah.

Jud.20.20 - Details

Translation

The men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; the Israelites arrayed themselves for battle against Gibeah.

Original Text

ויצא איש ישראל למלחמה עם־ בנימן ויערכו אתם איש־ ישראל מלחמה אל־ הגבעה׃

Morphology

  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • ויערכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judges 20:11 (verbal): Immediate context: the tribes of Israel are gathered 'as one man' to go to war—parallels the assembly and preparation for battle in 20:20.
  • Judges 20:21 (structural): Direct continuation: Israel again goes out to fight and arrays themselves against Benjamin on the following day, repeating the action of 20:20.
  • 2 Samuel 2:12-14 (thematic): Describes a pitched battle between rival Israelite factions (Abner and Joab) with forces drawn up and engaged at Gibeon—echoes the civil conflict and military array against fellow Israelites in Judges 20.
  • 1 Samuel 11:7 (thematic): Saul's tactical disposition of troops into companies and his morning assault on the enemy parallels the mobilization and battlefield deployment reflected in Judges 20:20.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and the men of Israel set themselves in array against Gibeah.
  • And the men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; and the men of Israel set themselves in array against Gibeah.
21 The Benjaminites came out from Gibeah and struck down of the Israelites on that day twenty-two thousand men.

Jud.20.21 - Details

Translation

The Benjaminites came out from Gibeah and struck down of the Israelites on that day twenty-two thousand men.

Original Text

ויצאו בני־ בנימן מן־ הגבעה וישחיתו בישראל ביום ההוא שנים ועשרים אלף איש ארצה׃

Morphology

  • ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • מן: PREP
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וישחיתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • שנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ועשרים: NUM,m,pl,abs
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.20.16 (verbal): Explains how the Benjamites were able to inflict heavy Israelite losses: 700 left‑handed slingers from Gibeah could strike accurately, providing a verbal/causal link to the 22,000 slain (same episode).
  • Judg.19.30 (structural): The atrocity at Gibeah that provokes the civil war; structurally this chapter provides the immediate cause and context for the battle in which 22,000 Israelites fall.
  • Judg.21.2–5 (thematic): Describes the aftermath of the civil war — mourning, inquiry of the LORD, and measures taken after the great loss of life — thematically connected to the heavy casualties recorded in 20:21.
  • 2 Sam.18.6–7 (thematic): During Absalom’s rebellion a single day’s fighting produces severe bloodshed (‘the battle was fierce that day’), paralleling the motif of intense, deadly engagement within Israelite civil conflict.
  • Ps.18.2 (thematic): Uses rock/stronghold language as refuge and place of encounter; thematically echoes the image of combatants issuing from a fortified rock/hill (הגבעה) in Judges 20:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the sons of Benjamin went out from Gibeah and struck down among the sons of Israel that day twenty-two thousand men; for the sons of Israel were smitten.
  • And the Benjamites went out from Gibeah and struck down in Israel on that day twenty-two thousand men; for the people fell there.
22 The Israelites were dismayed and again took up battle in the same place as on the first day.

Jud.20.22 - Details

Translation

The Israelites were dismayed and again took up battle in the same place as on the first day.

Original Text

ויתחזק העם איש ישראל ויספו לערך מלחמה במקום אשר־ ערכו שם ביום הראשון׃

Morphology

  • ויתחזק: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויספו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • לערך: VERB,qal,inf
  • מלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • במקום: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • ערכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • שם: ADV
  • ביום: PREP
  • הראשון: ADJ,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 1:9 (verbal): Commands to 'be strong' (חזק ואמץ) echo the root חזק in Judges 20:22—both involve strengthening before action, here preparing Israel for renewed battle.
  • Joshua 8:1 (thematic): God instructs Joshua to 'arise, go up' and take the army to attack Ai after an earlier setback—parallels the Israelites' regrouping and renewed array for battle in Judges 20:22.
  • Exodus 17:11-13 (thematic): When Moses holds up his hands Israel gains the advantage and the battle is continued; the passage similarly portrays renewed resolve and continuation of combat after an initial phase.
  • 1 Samuel 30:6 (allusion): David 'encouraged himself in the LORD' (strengthening himself) when faced with disaster—echoing the motif in Judges 20:22 of the people strengthening themselves and renewing their fight.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the people encouraged themselves, and again set themselves in battle in the same place where they had fought the first day.
  • Then the men of Israel were strengthened and turned again to their place; they renewed the battle at the place where they had set themselves the first day.
23 Then the Israelites went up and wept before the LORD until evening, and inquired of the LORD, "Shall we go up again to fight against the Benjaminites, our brothers?" And the LORD said, "Go up; I will deliver them into your hand."

Jud.20.23 - Details

Translation

Then the Israelites went up and wept before the LORD until evening, and inquired of the LORD, "Shall we go up again to fight against the Benjaminites, our brothers?" And the LORD said, "Go up; I will deliver them into your hand."

Original Text

ויעלו בני־ ישראל ויבכו לפני־ יהוה עד־ הערב וישאלו ביהוה לאמר האוסיף לגשת למלחמה עם־ בני בנימן אחי ויאמר יהוה עלו אליו׃

Morphology

  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויבכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לפני: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • וישאלו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • האוסיף: PRT+VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • לגשת: VERB,qal,inf
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
  • אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.20.18 (structural): Earlier in the same sequence the Israelites ‘inquired of the LORD’ which tribe should go up first; part of the repeated ritual of consulting God before engaging the Benjamites.
  • Judg.20.26 (structural): A subsequent repetition in the same campaign where the people again weep and inquire of the LORD about attacking Benjamin—shows the recurring consultation pattern in this battle episode.
  • 1 Sam.30.8 (verbal): David ‘inquired of the LORD’ whether to pursue raiders and overtake them — a close verbal and functional parallel of seeking divine direction before pursuing/going into battle.
  • Num.27.21 (allusion): Instruction that Eleazar the priest was to ‘inquire’ for the commander by the judgment of the Urim reflects the institutionalized means of asking Yahweh’s will for leadership and military decisions.
  • 1 Sam.14.36-37 (thematic): Saul’s consultation (by lot) and question about whether to attack the Philistines parallels the theme of leaders seeking divine permission and guidance before engaging in warfare.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the sons of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until evening; and they inquired of the LORD, saying, "Shall I yet again go out to battle against the sons of Benjamin my brethren?" And the LORD said, "Go up against them."
  • And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until evening; and they inquired of the LORD, saying, "Shall I yet go up to battle against the Benjamites my brothers?" And the LORD said, "Go up;"
24 So the Israelites drew near to the Benjaminites on the second day.

Jud.20.24 - Details

Translation

So the Israelites drew near to the Benjaminites on the second day.

Original Text

ויקרבו בני־ ישראל אל־ בני בנימן ביום השני׃

Morphology

  • ויקרבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • ביום: PREP
  • השני: ADJ,m,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judg.20.18 (structural): Immediate lead‑in to the same engagement: Israel assembles, inquires of Yahweh and prepares to go against the Benjamites—sets the structural sequence that leads to the approach described in v.24.
  • Judg.20.21 (structural): Describes the initial movement and tactical disposition of Israel against Gibeah/Benjamin (the first day), providing the contrast with the renewed approach on the second day in v.24.
  • Judg.20.22 (verbal): Continues the day‑by‑day battle narrative; like v.24 it records Israel's repeated approaches and engagements with the Benjamites, emphasizing the iterative character of the fighting.
  • Judg.19.22-30 (thematic): The rape and murder in Gibeah that precipitates the civil war; this background explains why Israel must ‘come near’ to Benjamin and fight on successive days.
  • Judg.21.1 (thematic): Immediate aftermath concern (the fate of Benjamin and its survivors) that frames the significance of the multi‑day assaults, showing the narrative arc from approach and battle to the post‑war crisis.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So the sons of Israel drew near to the sons of Benjamin on the second day.
  • so the children of Israel drew near to the Benjamites on the second day.
25 The Benjaminites went out against them from Gibeah on the second day and struck down another eighteen thousand Israelites; all these were men of valor who drew the sword.

Jud.20.25 - Details

Translation

The Benjaminites went out against them from Gibeah on the second day and struck down another eighteen thousand Israelites; all these were men of valor who drew the sword.

Original Text

ויצא בנימן ׀ לקראתם ׀ מן־ הגבעה ביום השני וישחיתו בבני ישראל עוד שמנת עשר אלף איש ארצה כל־ אלה שלפי חרב׃

Morphology

  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • לקראתם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • מן: PREP
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ביום: PREP
  • השני: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • וישחיתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בבני: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עוד: ADV
  • שמנת: NUM,f,sg,cons
  • עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ארצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • שלפי: PREP
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 20:35 (structural): Describes the third-day ambush and rout of Benjamin in the same campaign; shows the progression of battles and cumulative casualties that include the deaths mentioned in 20:25.
  • Judges 20:48 (structural): Final summary of the campaign against Benjamin, giving the total number slain by the sword (25,100); directly parallels 20:25 as part of the same narrative of heavy losses.
  • Exodus 32:27-28 (thematic): Levites are commanded to kill about 3,000 fellow Israelites after the golden calf — thematically parallels Israelites slaying Israelites as collective punishment or purge, like the inter-tribal slaughter in Judges 20.
  • Numbers 31:7-12 (thematic): An account of large-scale slaughter with specific casualty figures in a divinely sanctioned military action; parallels Judges 20:25 in depiction of mass killing and the practice of enumerating the slain.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the sons of Benjamin went out to meet them from Gibeah on the second day and struck down among the sons of Israel eighteen thousand men. All these were men who drew the sword.
  • And the Benjamites went out from Gibeah to meet them on the second day and struck down in Israel another eighteen thousand men; all these drew the sword.
26 All the Israelites and the assembly went up to Bethel and wept, and sat there before the LORD and fasted that day until evening; they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.

Jud.20.26 - Details

Translation

All the Israelites and the assembly went up to Bethel and wept, and sat there before the LORD and fasted that day until evening; they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.

Original Text

ויעלו כל־ בני ישראל וכל־ העם ויבאו בית־ אל ויבכו וישבו שם לפני יהוה ויצומו ביום־ ההוא עד־ הערב ויעלו עלות ושלמים לפני יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • ויבכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • שם: ADV
  • לפני: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויצומו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • הערב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • עלות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • ושלמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לפני: PREP
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 7:5-6 (verbal): The people gather at a sacred site, fast and weep before the LORD; Samuel offers sacrifices—language and actions closely parallel Judges 20:26.
  • 2 Chronicles 20:3-4 (thematic): Jehoshaphat proclaims a fast and Judah assembles to seek the LORD's help—a corporate fast/assembly to petition God mirrors Judges' national mourning and seeking of the LORD.
  • Nehemiah 9:1-3 (verbal): The people assemble, fast, confess and sit in sackcloth and ashes—an extended communal act of fasting, weeping and worship before God similar to Judges 20:26.
  • Ezra 8:21-23 (thematic): Ezra proclaims a fast to seek safe travel and humbling before God; the description of corporate fasting to seek divine favor parallels the motive and practice in Judges.
  • Joel 2:15-16 (structural): A call to sanctify a fast and gather a solemn assembly before the LORD—the prophetic template for national fasting and assembly underlies scenes like Judges 20:26.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then all the sons of Israel, all the people, went up and came to Bethel and wept, and sat there before the LORD and fasted that day until evening; and they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.
  • Then all the children of Israel and all the people went up and came to Bethel; and they wept, and they sat there before the LORD, and they fasted that day until evening, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.
27 They inquired of the LORD — for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days.

Jud.20.27 - Details

Translation

They inquired of the LORD — for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days.

Original Text

וישאלו בני־ ישראל ביהוה ושם ארון ברית האלהים בימים ההם׃

Morphology

  • וישאלו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg
  • ושם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ארון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • האלהים: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Sam.4:3-4 (thematic): Israel brings the ark into a military assembly seeking the LORD’s help; parallels Judges 20:27’s juxtaposition of consulting God and the ark’s presence in a conflict setting.
  • 1 Sam.7:1-2 (verbal): Says the ark ‘remained’ at Kiriath‑jearim ‘a long time’—language and theme echo Judges 20:27’s noting that ‘the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days.’
  • 1 Sam.30:8 (verbal): Uses the same formula of ‘inquiring of the LORD’ before pursuing military action (David asks the LORD); parallels Judges’ report that the Israelites ‘inquired of the LORD.’
  • Num.10:33 (thematic): Describes the ark going before Israel and guiding their movement in the wilderness—parallels the motif of the ark as the sign of God’s presence with Israel in moments of movement and battle.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And they inquired of the LORD—for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days—
  • And they inquired of the LORD (for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days), "Shall I yet again go out to battle against the Benjamites my brothers, or shall I cease?"
28 Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron stood before him in those days and said, "Shall one more time go up to battle against the Benjaminites, my brothers, or shall we cease?" And the LORD said, "Go up; tomorrow I will give them into your hand."

Jud.20.28 - Details

Translation

Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron stood before him in those days and said, "Shall one more time go up to battle against the Benjaminites, my brothers, or shall we cease?" And the LORD said, "Go up; tomorrow I will give them into your hand."

Original Text

ופינחס בן־ אלעזר בן־ אהרן עמד ׀ לפניו בימים ההם לאמר האוסף עוד לצאת למלחמה עם־ בני־ בנימן אחי אם־ אחדל ויאמר יהוה עלו כי מחר אתננו בידך׃

Morphology

  • ופינחס: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ההם: PRON,dem,m,pl
  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • האוסף: VERB,qal,part,ms,def
  • עוד: ADV
  • לצאת: VERB,qal,inf
  • למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • אחי: NOUN,m,pl,suff
  • אם: CONJ
  • אחדל: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עלו: PREP+3ms_suff
  • כי: CONJ
  • מחר: ADV
  • אתננו: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg,obj:3m,pl
  • בידך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.20:27 (verbal): Immediate context: the Israelites and Phinehas inquire of the LORD about the battle; verse 27 contains the petition to God that verse 28 answers.
  • Judg.20:18 (structural): Earlier in the same episode they consult God about who should go first into battle (’Who shall go up first…?’) — same pattern of seeking divine direction for military action.
  • Numbers 27:21 (allusion): Sets the institutional precedent: Eleazar the priest (and the use of priestly inquiry/Urim) stands to obtain God’s decision for leaders — parallels Phinehas/Eleazar’s priestly role in Judges 20.
  • 1 Sam.30:8 (thematic): David asks the LORD whether he should pursue raiders and seeks God’s deliverance ('Shall I pursue? will you deliver them into my hand?') — same motif of seeking divine permission before battle.
  • 1 Sam.23:2 (verbal): David enquires of the LORD about attacking enemies ('Shall I go and smite these Philistines/will you deliver them into mine hand?') — closely parallels the wording and decision-seeking in Judges 20:28.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and Phinehas the son of Eleazar, son of Aaron, stood before him in those days and said, "Shall I yet again go out to battle against the sons of Benjamin my brethren, or shall I cease?" And the LORD said, "Go up; for tomorrow I will deliver them into your hand."
  • And Phinehas the son of Eleazar, son of Aaron, stood before the LORD in those days and said, "Shall I yet go out to battle with the Benjamites my brothers?" And the LORD said, "Go up; for tomorrow I will give them into your hand."
29 So Israel set an ambush against Gibeah all around.

Jud.20.29 - Details

Translation

So Israel set an ambush against Gibeah all around.

Original Text

וישם ישראל ארבים אל־ הגבעה סביב׃

Morphology

  • וישם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ארבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • סביב: ADV

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:3,11 (verbal): Israel sets an ambush behind the city of Ai (’set men in ambush round about the city’), using the same tactic and similar language of surrounding a hill/city to surprise the enemy.
  • Judges 7:16–22 (thematic): Gideon divides his men and surrounds the Midianite camp, attacking by surprise at night—a closely parallel episode of encirclement and sudden assault.
  • 1 Samuel 26:5–12 (thematic): David and Abishai enter Saul’s camp by night and lie in wait; while not a broad encirclement, it shares the tactic of covertly positioning forces against an enemy in their camp.
  • Judges 20:40–43 (structural): Later verses in the same chapter narrate the placement of ambushers and the ensuing attack on Gibeah/Benjamin, continuing the same episode of surrounding the hill and engaging the Benjamites.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So Israel set an ambush round about Gibeah.
  • So Israel set an ambush around Gibeah.
30 And the Israelites rose against the Benjaminites on the third day and arrayed themselves against Gibeah as before.

Jud.20.30 - Details

Translation

And the Israelites rose against the Benjaminites on the third day and arrayed themselves against Gibeah as before.

Original Text

ויעלו בני־ ישראל אל־ בני בנימן ביום השלישי ויערכו אל־ הגבעה כפעם בפעם׃

Morphology

  • ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • ביום: PREP
  • השלישי: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • ויערכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • כפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg

Parallels

  • Judg.20:29 (verbal): Nearly identical wording describing the second day's action—'they went up... and set themselves in array against Gibeah, as before'—highlighting the repeated attempts on successive days.
  • Judg.20:11 (structural): Describes the initial assembly and first engagement between Israel and Benjamin, providing the opening encounter to which the third-day attack is a later repetition.
  • Judg.20:21 (thematic): Records the heavy Israelite losses in the first day’s fighting, explaining why Israel must renew the assault on subsequent days (including the third day).
  • Judg.20:33 (thematic): Describes the final rout of Benjamin during the renewed assault—shows the outcome that results from the repeated arraying and attack (the third day’s success).

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the sons of Israel went up to the sons of Benjamin on the third day; and they set themselves in array against Gibeah, as at other times.
  • And the children of Israel went up to the Benjamites on the third day and set themselves in array against Gibeah, as at other times.
31 The Benjaminites went out to meet the people, broke away from the city, and began to slay some of the people, as at the first — on the roads; some fell by the ascent to Bethel and some by the descent to Gibeah in the field — about thirty Israelites.

Jud.20.31 - Details

Translation

The Benjaminites went out to meet the people, broke away from the city, and began to slay some of the people, as at the first — on the roads; some fell by the ascent to Bethel and some by the descent to Gibeah in the field — about thirty Israelites.

Original Text

ויצאו בני־ בנימן לקראת העם הנתקו מן־ העיר ויחלו להכות מהעם חללים כפעם ׀ בפעם במסלות אשר אחת עלה בית־ אל ואחת גבעתה בשדה כשלשים איש בישראל׃

Morphology

  • ויצאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • לקראת: PREP
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הנתקו: VERB,hitp,perf,3,m,pl
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויחלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • להכות: VERB,qal,inf
  • מהעם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בפעם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg
  • במסלות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אחת: NUM,f,sg
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • ואחת: CONJ+NUM,card,sg,f
  • גבעתה: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
  • בשדה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כשלשים: PREP+NUM,card,pl,m,approx
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.20:29 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same episode — the same action of the Benjamites going out to meet Israel; language and narrative beat are repeated.
  • Judg.20:33-34 (structural): Continuation of the battle narrative showing repeated sallies and counterattacks; echoes the rhythm of 'time after time' and the ebb-and-flow of the fighting.
  • Judg.20:45-48 (thematic): The final phase of the civil war against Benjamin — same campaign, location cluster (Gibeah/Bethel region) and the decisive defeats and destruction that culminate the series of skirmishes.
  • Judg.19:22-30 (allusion): The rape and outrage at Gibeah that precipitated the assembly and war; provides the background motive and the same place-name (Gibeah) referenced in 20:31.
  • Judg.21:10-14 (thematic): Aftermath of the conflict and measures taken against Benjamin (destruction of towns, spoliation and provisions for survivors) — shows consequences of the repeated battles described in chapter 20.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The sons of Benjamin went out to meet the people, and began to strike down some of the people; and the men of Israel were struck down—about thirty men at a time—for there were turnings in the battle, one company turning to Bethel and another to Gibeah in the field; about thirty men in Israel fell.
  • And the Benjamites went out to meet the people and began to strike down the Israelites; at one encounter they killed thirty men, for they said, "They are routed before us as at the first."
32 The Benjaminites said, "They are being routed before us, as at the first." And the Israelites said, "Let us flee and draw them from the city to the highways."

Jud.20.32 - Details

Translation

The Benjaminites said, "They are being routed before us, as at the first." And the Israelites said, "Let us flee and draw them from the city to the highways."

Original Text

ויאמרו בני בנימן נגפים הם לפנינו כבראשנה ובני ישראל אמרו ננוסה ונתקנהו מן־ העיר אל־ המסלות׃

Morphology

  • ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • נגפים: PART,niphal,ptcp,m,pl,abs
  • הם: PRON,personal,3,m,pl
  • לפנינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • כבראשנה: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ננוסה: VERB,qal,impf,1,pl
  • ונתקנהו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,1,pl,obj:3,m,sg
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • המסלות: NOUN,f,pl,def

Parallels

  • Judg.20.31 (verbal): Immediately preceding verse repeats the same exchange (Benjaminites claim the enemy is routed; Israel proposes a feigned flight), showing a repeated tactical pattern and near-verbatim wording in the narrative's cycle.
  • Judg.20.33 (structural): Continuation of the same combat sequence where the same tactic is reiterated; structurally parallels 20:32 as part of the tripartite pattern of engagement in the chapter.
  • Judg.20.37 (thematic): Later in the chapter the Israelites again use maneuvering and ambush tactics to draw the Benjaminites out of their stronghold—echoing the strategy expressed in 20:32 of feigned flight to pull opponents onto the highways.
  • Josh.8:3-9 (thematic): Joshua's ambush at Ai involves luring the city's defenders out and drawing them into an ambush on the highways/approaches; thematically parallels the tactic in Judges 20:32 of feigning retreat to draw fighters out from a town into open ground.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the sons of Benjamin said, "They have been routed before us, as at the first." But the sons of Israel said, "Let us flee and draw them from the city to the highways."
  • And the sons of Benjamin said, "They are too few before us as at the beginning." And the men of Israel said, "Let us flee and draw them from the city to the highways."
33 Every one of the Israelites rose from his place and took up position at Baal-tamar; and the men in ambush came out of their place from the rock of the cave.

Jud.20.33 - Details

Translation

Every one of the Israelites rose from his place and took up position at Baal-tamar; and the men in ambush came out of their place from the rock of the cave.

Original Text

וכל ׀ איש ישראל קמו ממקומו ויערכו בבעל תמר וארב ישראל מגיח ממקמו ממערה־ גבע׃

Morphology

  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קמו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • ממקומו: PREP
  • ויערכו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תמר: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
  • וארב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מגיח: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,sg
  • ממקמו: PREP
  • ממערה: PREP
  • גבע: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:3-9 (structural): Joshua places an ambush behind the city of Ai while drawing the enemy out—a comparable tactical deployment of hidden forces and staged positioning before the assault.
  • Judges 7:16-22 (thematic): Gideon divides Israel into companies and surprises the Midianite camp by encirclement and sudden attack—similar theme of arranging troops and striking by ambush.
  • 2 Samuel 18:5-15 (thematic): Joab sets ambushes in the wood of Ephraim and deploys multiple detachments to trap Absalom—another example of concealed positioning and coordinated attack within Israelite warfare narratives.
  • Judges 21:10-14 (thematic): The men of Israel conduct a sudden military strike against Jabesh‑Gilead to secure brides for the Benjaminites—an instance of organized, surprise offensive action following Israelite deliberation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So every man of Israel arose from his place, and they set themselves in array at Baal-tamar; and the ambush came forth from their place from the cave of Gibeah.
  • Then every man of Israel arose from his place and stationed themselves at Baal-tamar; and the ambush of Israel came forth from their places from the rock of Gibeah.
34 Ten thousand chosen men of all Israel came forward opposite Gibeah; the battle was fierce, and the Benjaminites did not know that disaster had come upon them.

Jud.20.34 - Details

Translation

Ten thousand chosen men of all Israel came forward opposite Gibeah; the battle was fierce, and the Benjaminites did not know that disaster had come upon them.

Original Text

ויבאו מנגד לגבעה עשרת אלפים איש בחור מכל־ ישראל והמלחמה כבדה והם לא ידעו כי־ נגעת עליהם הרעה׃

Morphology

  • ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מנגד: ADV
  • לגבעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עשרת: NUM,card,ten,cons
  • אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בחור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מכל: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • והמלחמה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • כבדה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
  • והם: CONJ+PRON,3,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידעו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • נגעת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judg.20.48 (structural): Same campaign against Benjamin — continues the narrative of pursuit and heavy casualties culminating in the burning of cities and near-annihilation of the Benjamite forces.
  • Judg.7.13-14 (thematic): Gideon’s account of a dream and ensuing panic in the enemy camp: a smaller Israelite force causes sudden rout and heavy losses, echoing themes of unexpected disaster and decisive battlefield collapse.
  • 1 Sam.14.14-15 (thematic): Jonathan’s attack produces terror and confusion among the Philistines, leading to a rout; parallels the sudden, severe turn of battle and the enemy’s unawareness of impending disaster.
  • Exod.14.24-25 (allusion): The LORD throws the Egyptian host into confusion and prevents them from knowing their danger until it strikes; conceptually parallels the divine-orchestrated calamity and the enemy’s ignorance of imminent doom.
  • 2 Chron.20.22-23 (thematic): Jehoshaphat’s victory where worship and a sudden panic among foes cause them to destroy one another — another instance of mass confusion and heavy enemy losses without Israel’s full conventional engagement.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They came opposite Gibeah ten thousand chosen men out of all Israel; and the battle became severe, and they knew not that misfortune had come upon them.
  • And they came near to Gibeah, ten thousand chosen men from all Israel. The battle was sore, and they did not know that disaster had come upon them.
35 Then the LORD routed Benjamin before Israel; and the Israelites struck down that day twenty-five thousand and one hundred men of Benjamin, all of them valiant men who drew the sword.

Jud.20.35 - Details

Translation

Then the LORD routed Benjamin before Israel; and the Israelites struck down that day twenty-five thousand and one hundred men of Benjamin, all of them valiant men who drew the sword.

Original Text

ויגף יהוה ׀ את־ בנימן לפני ישראל וישחיתו בני ישראל בבנימן ביום ההוא עשרים וחמשה אלף ומאה איש כל־ אלה שלף חרב׃

Morphology

  • ויגף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • לפני: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וישחיתו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • עשרים: NUM,card,pl
  • וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • ומאה: CONJ+NUM,f,sg,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • שלף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 20:47 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same battle narrative—reports the Israelite pursuit and further slaughter of Benjaminites, showing the cumulative casualties and tactical outcome.
  • Judges 21:2 (thematic): Describes the aftermath of the near-extermination of the tribe of Benjamin (only 600 surviving men), directly related to the heavy losses reported in Judg 20:35.
  • Joshua 6:20 (thematic): Yahweh-enabled victory in which the people rout and destroy their enemies at God's word; parallels the motif of the LORD striking the foe and Israel executing large-scale slaughter.
  • 2 Chronicles 20:22-23 (thematic): God intervenes in battle causing enemy confusion and mutual slaughter—similar theological theme of the LORD delivering Israel by striking down their adversaries.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the LORD struck Benjamin before Israel, and the sons of Israel struck down of Benjamin twenty-five thousand and one hundred men that day, all of them men of valor who drew the sword.
  • And the LORD struck Benjamin before Israel; and the children of Israel killed of Benjamin at that time twenty-five thousand one hundred men; all these drew the sword.
36 The Benjaminites saw that they were routed, and they gave ground to the Israelites, for they had trusted in the ambush which they had set against Gibeah.

Jud.20.36 - Details

Translation

The Benjaminites saw that they were routed, and they gave ground to the Israelites, for they had trusted in the ambush which they had set against Gibeah.

Original Text

ויראו בני־ בנימן כי נגפו ויתנו איש־ ישראל מקום לבנימן כי בטחו אל־ הארב אשר שמו אל־ הגבעה׃

Morphology

  • ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • כי: CONJ
  • נגפו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ויתנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • בטחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • הארב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judges 20:35 (structural): Immediate antecedent in the same narrative: Israel 'encouraged themselves' and 'set an ambush' — introduces the tactic that verse 20:36 reports as trusted by Benjamin.
  • Judges 20:37-38 (verbal): Continuation of the same episode describing the ambush and the Israelites' feigned withdrawal; shares key vocabulary and the same tactical movement (giving place/ambush).
  • Joshua 8:2-3 (thematic): Joshua sets men in ambush and feigns retreat to draw out the defenders of Ai — the same military ruse of luring an enemy into a hidden force.
  • Judges 7:19-22 (thematic): Gideon's surprise/night attack creates panic and rout among foes; parallels the use of surprise and psychological effect of an ambush to turn the tide of battle.
  • 1 Samuel 13:17-18 (thematic): Saul's forces and Israelite detachments deploy to block and draw out Philistine forces (setting positions and relying on tactical dispositions) — another instance of coordinated maneuvering and ambush-like positioning in Israelite warfare.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the sons of Benjamin saw that they were beaten; so the sons of Israel turned again and were discouraged, because they had given place to Benjamin, for they had trusted the ambush which they had set against Gibeah.
  • Then the Benjamites saw that they were smitten, and the men of Israel turned again and pursued Benjamin, for they had given place to them who were coming out of the city.
37 The ambush sprang forward, rushed into Gibeah, and struck the city with the edge of the sword.

Jud.20.37 - Details

Translation

The ambush sprang forward, rushed into Gibeah, and struck the city with the edge of the sword.

Original Text

והארב החישו ויפשטו אל־ הגבעה וימשך הארב ויך את־ כל־ העיר לפי־ חרב׃

Morphology

  • והארב: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,c,sg
  • החישו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ויפשטו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • וימשך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • הארב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • לפי: PREP
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:2 (structural): An ambush tactic: Israel sets an ambush and draws out the city’s defenders before striking — a similar military stratagem to the surprise attack described in Judges 20:37.
  • Joshua 8:24–26 (structural): After the ambush, the Israelites enter and smite the city, killing its inhabitants — parallels the outcome language of striking and destroying a city by the sword.
  • Deuteronomy 20:16 (thematic): Legal/ethical precedent for warfare language: the command to utterly destroy certain cities and put inhabitants to the sword echoes the total slaying of a city in Judges 20:37.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3 (verbal): God’s command to ‘smite Amalek and put them to the sword’ shares the explicit vocabulary and motif of complete destruction by the sword found in Judges 20:37.
  • Judges 20:46 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel within the same chapter: subsequent verses recount the pursuit, ambush, and slaughter of Benjamin — a direct continuation and close parallel to the action described in v.37.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the ambush hurried and rushed into the city; and the ambush rose up and struck the city with the edge of the sword.
  • And the ambush rushed in and entered Gibeah; and the ambush smote the city with the edge of the sword.
38 The appointed sign for Israel and the ambush was the raising of a column of smoke from the city.

Jud.20.38 - Details

Translation

The appointed sign for Israel and the ambush was the raising of a column of smoke from the city.

Original Text

והמועד היה לאיש ישראל עם־ הארב הרב להעלותם משאת העשן מן־ העיר׃

Morphology

  • והמועד: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לאיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • הארב: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • הרב: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • להעלותם: PREP+VERB,hif,infc,3,m,pl
  • משאת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • העשן: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Joshua 8:9-19 (structural): Joshua lays an ambush behind Ai and gives a timed signal; the hidden force then rises and the city is set on fire to draw out the defenders—close tactical parallel to the ambush-and-signal arrangement in Judges 20:36–38.
  • Judges 7:16-22 (thematic): Gideon arranges hidden forces with a preset signal (breaking jars, torch-blast, shout) that triggers a sudden rise and rout of the enemy—a similar motif of concealed troops and a coordinated signal.
  • 1 Samuel 14:6-15, 20-23 (thematic): Jonathan’s surprise attack and the ensuing panic among the Philistines illustrate the use of sudden, small-scale surprise action and ensuing rout, comparable to the ambush tactic and planned signal in Judges 20.
  • Judges 21:10-13 (thematic): Israel’s strike on Jabesh‑gilead, including a sudden assault and the burning of the city, echoes the destructive outcome and use of fire associated with the ambush and signal described in Judges 20:38.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the appointed sign for the men of Israel and for the ambush was to lift up an ascending smoke from the city.
  • And the appointed signal to the men of Israel with the ambush was to rise up from the city and to lift up a column of smoke.
39 The Israelites turned in the battle, and the Benjaminites began to kill some of the Israelites — about thirty men — for they said, "They are being smitten before us as at the first."

Jud.20.39 - Details

Translation

The Israelites turned in the battle, and the Benjaminites began to kill some of the Israelites — about thirty men — for they said, "They are being smitten before us as at the first."

Original Text

ויהפך איש־ ישראל במלחמה ובנימן החל להכות חללים באיש־ ישראל כשלשים איש כי אמרו אך נגוף נגף הוא לפנינו כמלחמה הראשנה׃

Morphology

  • ויהפך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • במלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ובנימן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • החל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • להכות: VERB,qal,inf
  • חללים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • באיש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כשלשים: PART+NUM,card,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • אמרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אך: PART
  • נגוף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • נגף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לפנינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • כמלחמה: PART+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הראשנה: ADJ,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judges 20:18-23 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel: the earlier engagement in the same chapter where Israel is defeated and many fall — the event the Benjamites are referring to when they think ‘they are stricken before us as in the first battle.’
  • Joshua 8:18-22 (thematic): After an initial setback at Ai (Joshua 7), Joshua uses a feigned retreat and ambush; the pursuing defenders are trapped and slaughtered — a similar tactical reversal where pursuers misread the situation and suffer heavy losses.
  • Judges 7:20-22 (thematic): Gideon’s surprise attack causes Midianite panic and internecine slaughter (they turn and flee), illustrating the motif of enemy confusion and rout by unexpected maneuver — comparable to the confusion and killing described in Judges 20:39.
  • 2 Kings 7:6-7 (thematic): The Aramean camp panics at sounds and flees, convinced they are surrounded; their misperception produces a rout without direct fighting — a parallel instance of panic/misreading of the battlefield producing sudden slaughter or flight.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And the men of Israel turned, and Benjamin began again to strike down men of Israel—about thirty men—because they said, "Surely we are routed before them, as at the first."
  • Then the men of Israel turned back in the battle; and Benjamin began to strike down Israelites—about thirty men fell—because they said, "They are only routed before us, as in the former battle."
40 The column of smoke began to rise from the city; the Benjaminites looked back, and behold, the city was wholly on fire.

Jud.20.40 - Details

Translation

The column of smoke began to rise from the city; the Benjaminites looked back, and behold, the city was wholly on fire.

Original Text

והמשאת החלה לעלות מן־ העיר עמוד עשן ויפן בנימן אחריו והנה עלה כליל־ העיר השמימה׃

Morphology

  • והמשאת: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • החלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לעלות: VERB,qal,inf
  • מן: PREP
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • עמוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויפן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • והנה: ADV
  • עלה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כליל: ADV
  • העיר: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • השמימה: NOUN,m,pl,def

Parallels

  • Judg.20:48 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel in the same chapter—later verses describe the Benjamite cities being set on fire and destroyed, explaining the smoke and the city's utter consumption.
  • Genesis 19:28 (verbal): Uses nearly identical imagery of smoke rising from a destroyed city/land ('smoke of the country like the smoke of a furnace') after divine judgment—parallel motif of a city consumed by fire and smoke.
  • Revelation 18:18 (verbal): Speaks of 'the smoke of her burning' as observers see a city's destruction—an apocalyptic echo of the vivid image of smoke ascending from a ruined city.
  • Joshua 8:28 (thematic): Describes the burning and destruction of the city of Ai by Israel—a closely related motif of military conquest ending in a city consumed by fire.
  • Lam.4:11 (thematic): Lamentations uses the imagery of the LORD kindling a fire and cities/people being consumed—the theme of total destruction by fire and rising smoke parallels Judges' depiction of a city utterly burned.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the ascending column of smoke began to rise from the city; and the sons of Benjamin looked behind them, and behold, the whole city had gone up in smoke to heaven.
  • And the flame rose up from the city as a pillar of smoke; and the Benjamites looked behind them and behold—the whole city had gone up in smoke to heaven.
41 The Israelites turned and terrified the Benjaminites, for they saw that disaster had come upon them.

Jud.20.41 - Details

Translation

The Israelites turned and terrified the Benjaminites, for they saw that disaster had come upon them.

Original Text

ואיש ישראל הפך ויבהל איש בנימן כי ראה כי־ נגעה עליו הרעה׃

Morphology

  • ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הפך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויבהל: VERB,qal,impf,3,ms
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • כי: CONJ
  • ראה: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • נגעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,fs
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • הרעה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Judges 20:20 (structural): Same battle narrative—earlier maneuver in the same engagement where Israel turns on Benjamin; provides immediate structural parallel within the same chapter.
  • Judges 7:22 (thematic): Gideon’s victory where the enemy is thrown into panic and turns on one another—theme of divine-enabled confusion and rout leading to Israelite success.
  • Joshua 10:10 (verbal): God ‘discomfits’/throws the foe into confusion before Israel, producing a rout—verbal and thematic echo of panic among enemy ranks.
  • 1 Samuel 14:15 (thematic): A sudden panic/trembling among the enemy host (caused by the LORD) leads to rout; parallels the terror and collapse of Benjamin’s forces when they see disaster.
  • 1 Samuel 17:52 (thematic): After David’s victory the Philistines flee and are pursued by Israel—similar motif of the enemy’s terror and ensuing pursuit/rout by Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So the men of Israel turned back; and the sons of Benjamin were dismayed because they saw that mischief had come upon them.
  • Then the men of Israel turned back; and the Benjamites were dismayed, for they saw that calamity had come upon them.
42 The Benjaminites turned and fled by the way of the wilderness, and the battle overtook them; and those from the towns cut them down in their midst.

Jud.20.42 - Details

Translation

The Benjaminites turned and fled by the way of the wilderness, and the battle overtook them; and those from the towns cut them down in their midst.

Original Text

ויפנו לפני איש ישראל אל־ דרך המדבר והמלחמה הדביקתהו ואשר מהערים משחיתים אותו בתוכו׃

Morphology

  • ויפנו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • לפני: PREP
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • המדבר: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • והמלחמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • הדביקתהו: VERB,hifil,perf,3,f,sg
  • ואשר: CONJ+PRON,rel
  • מהערים: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,def
  • משחיתים: VERB,piel,ptc,3,m,pl
  • אותו: PRON,3,m,sg,obj
  • בתוכו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prsuf3ms

Parallels

  • Judg.4:15–16 (verbal): Israelites pursue an enemy force and overtake/strike them—language of pursuit and overtaking (pursue, strike down) parallels Judges 20:42’s account of the battle catching up with the Benjaminites.
  • 1 Sam.17:52 (verbal): After David’s victory the men of Israel and Judah pursue the Philistines ‘as far as Gibeah and to the gate of Ekron,’ with wounded falling ‘along the way’—similar pursuit imagery and wording to Judges 20:42.
  • 1 Sam.30:17–18 (thematic): David pursues the Amalekites, smites them severely and recovers what was taken—theme of hot pursuit, decisive slaughter and destruction of the fleeing foe echoes Judges 20:42.
  • 2 Kings 10:17 (thematic): Jehu’s purge of Ahab’s house in Jezreel—striking down all who remained and leaving none alive—parallels the complete destruction of the enemy within towns described in Judges 20:42.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They fled before the men of Israel toward the way of the wilderness; and the battle overtook them. And those who came out of the cities cut them down within.
  • And they turned before the men of Israel toward the way of the wilderness; and the battle overtook them. Those who were found from the cities were cut off in the midst of them.
43 They hemmed in Benjamin and pursued him without respite; they pressed him down as far as opposite Gibeah eastward.

Jud.20.43 - Details

Translation

They hemmed in Benjamin and pursued him without respite; they pressed him down as far as opposite Gibeah eastward.

Original Text

כתרו את־ בנימן הרדיפהו מנוחה הדריכהו עד נכח הגבעה ממזרח־ שמש׃

Morphology

  • כתרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • הרדיפהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מנוחה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • הדריכהו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
  • עד: PREP
  • נכח: PREP
  • הגבעה: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ממזרח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 20:42 (verbal): Uses the same action of surrounding Gibeah (כתרו את־בנימן) and sets the immediate context for the pursuit and attack described in 20:43.
  • Judges 20:44 (structural): Continues the battle narrative—describes the Israelites rushing on Benjamin and the heavy casualties (18,000), a direct continuation of the pursuit and slaughter in 20:43.
  • Judges 20:47 (thematic): Describes Benjamin's rout and emphasizes the might of the slaughter, echoing the theme of relentless pursuit and devastating defeat found in 20:43.
  • Judges 20:48 (structural): Provides the campaign's conclusion—total casualties and the burning of Gibeah—summarizing the outcome of the encirclement and pursuit narrated in 20:43.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They hemmed in Benjamin, pursued him with hard thrusts, pressed him down from every side to the east of Gibeah, toward the rising of the sun.
  • They hemmed in Benjamin, pursued him without rest, and trod him down; there was crushing pressure even to Gibeah on the east.
44 Of Benjamin fell eleven thousand men, all of them men of valor.

Jud.20.44 - Details

Translation

Of Benjamin fell eleven thousand men, all of them men of valor.

Original Text

ויפלו מבנימן שמנה־ עשר אלף איש את־ כל־ אלה אנשי־ חיל׃

Morphology

  • ויפלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מבנימן: PREP+NOUN,prop,sg,m,abs
  • שמנה: NUM,card,f,pl,abs
  • עשר: NUM,card,m,sg,cons
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.20.46 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same battle narrative — further account of Israel's attack on Benjamin and additional casualties, showing the chapter's cumulative slaughter.
  • Judg.20.25 (thematic): Earlier in the chapter Israel seeks the LORD’s counsel and organizes the attack that produces the heavy losses recorded in v.44; links the decision to go to battle with the ensuing large number of casualties.
  • Judg.21.16 (thematic): Postwar summary of the fate of Benjamin: only a remnant of the tribe survives (six hundred men), connecting v.44’s heavy losses to Benjamin’s near destruction in the aftermath.
  • 1 Chron.12.38 (verbal): Uses the same designation for warriors ('mighty men' / 'men of valor'), paralleling the description in Judg.20.44 that the slain were 'men of valor' — a common biblical phrase for combat-worthy fighters.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And of Benjamin fell eleven thousand men, all these valiant men.
  • Then of Benjamin fell eleven thousand men—every one a mighty man.
45 They turned and fled toward the rock of Rimmon; five thousand men went up by the way of the passes and overtook them at Gidom and struck down one thousand of them.

Jud.20.45 - Details

Translation

They turned and fled toward the rock of Rimmon; five thousand men went up by the way of the passes and overtook them at Gidom and struck down one thousand of them.

Original Text

ויפנו וינסו המדברה אל־ סלע הרמון ויעללהו במסלות חמשת אלפים איש וידביקו אחריו עד־ גדעם ויכו ממנו אלפים איש׃

Morphology

  • ויפנו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • וינסו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayy,3,m,pl
  • המדברה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • סלע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הרמון: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ויעללהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • במסלות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • חמשת: NUM,m,pl,cs
  • אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וידביקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אחריו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • גדעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויכו: VERB,qal,yiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אלפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judg.20:44 (structural): Immediate context: the preceding verse likewise describes Israel's pursuit of the Benjamites and the initial slaughter (about 600), forming the same episode of flight, pursuit, and casualties.
  • Judg.7:22 (thematic): Gideon's victory over the Midianites includes a night rout and a persistent pursuit in which Israel cuts down fleeing enemies—similar motif of panic, pursuit into the open/wilderness, and heavy losses for the pursued.
  • Josh.8:24-26 (thematic): After the ambush at Ai Israel pursues the fleeing inhabitants and strikes them down; like Judges 20:45 this passage combines ambush/pursuit and the thorough slaughter of fugitives.
  • 1 Sam.30:16-19 (thematic): David's pursuit of the Amalekites to recover captives results in a swift, extensive slaughter of the fleeing enemy—paralleling the pursuit-to-the-wilderness and decisive killing in Judges 20:45.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They turned and fled to the rock Rimmon. And the men of Israel pursued them, and struck them down by the fords; five thousand fell, and they chased them and followed after them to Gidom and struck down of them about one thousand men.
  • And they turned and fled toward the rock of Rimmon; five thousand men went up to the rock of Rimmon. The pursuit overtook them at Gidom, and there they struck down a thousand of them.
46 Thus all the slain of Benjamin were twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword that day, all of them men of valor.

Jud.20.46 - Details

Translation

Thus all the slain of Benjamin were twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword that day, all of them men of valor.

Original Text

ויהי כל־ הנפלים מבנימן עשרים וחמשה אלף איש שלף חרב ביום ההוא את־ כל־ אלה אנשי־ חיל׃

Morphology

  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • הנפלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • מבנימן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • עשרים: NUM,card,pl
  • וחמשה: CONJ+NUM,m,pl
  • אלף: NUM,m,sg
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שלף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ביום: PREP
  • ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כל: DET
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • אנשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • חיל: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 20:47 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same battle narrative — describes the pursuit and further slaughter of Benjaminite warriors on that day, directly linked to the tally in 20:46.
  • Judges 21:1 (thematic): Aftermath of the campaign against Benjamin: deals with the consequences for the tribe and Israel’s response to the heavy losses recorded in chapter 20.
  • Joshua 8:25 (thematic): Reports a large number of men of Ai slain in a single day (about 12,000); parallels Judges 20:46 in the motif of a decisive, single-day slaughter and the practice of tallying the slain.
  • 1 Chronicles 12:27 (verbal): In the lists of warriors who join David, Benjaminites are characterized as 'mighty men'/'men of valour' (Heb. אנשי־חיל), paralleling Judges 20:46’s description of the slain as 'men of valour' who drew the sword.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So all the slain of Benjamin that day were twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword; all these were valiant men.
  • So all who fell of Benjamin that day were twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword; all these were mighty men.
47 The remnant fled to the rock of Rimmon — six hundred men — and remained at the rock of Rimmon four months.

Jud.20.47 - Details

Translation

The remnant fled to the rock of Rimmon — six hundred men — and remained at the rock of Rimmon four months.

Original Text

ויפנו וינסו המדברה אל־ סלע הרמון שש מאות איש וישבו בסלע רמון ארבעה חדשים׃

Morphology

  • ויפנו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • וינסו: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayy,3,m,pl
  • המדברה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אל: NEG
  • סלע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הרמון: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • שש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וישבו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בסלע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רמון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ארבעה: NUM,card,m,sg
  • חדשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Judges 21:8-14 (structural): Direct narrative continuation of the same episode: the six hundred Benjaminites who stayed in the rock of Rimmon are later provided wives and restored to their inheritance (same location and cast of characters).
  • Joshua 20:2-3 (thematic): Establishment of places of refuge where those fleeing could seek safety; thematically parallels the idea of fugitives taking refuge in a designated place (here a 'rock' rather than a city of refuge).
  • 2 Samuel 13:37-38 (thematic): Absalom’s flight to Geshur and prolonged sojourn (three years) echoes the motif of individuals fleeing to a stronghold/foreign refuge and dwelling there for an extended period.
  • Psalm 18:2 (verbal): Uses the image of 'rock' as refuge and stronghold ('The LORD is my rock, my fortress'), echoing the literal refuge in a rock in Judges 20:47 and the broader biblical motif of rocks as places of safety.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And six hundred men turned and fled to the rock Rimmon and remained in the rock Rimmon four months.
  • And the remnant of Benjamin turned and fled to the rock of Rimmon—six hundred men—and they stayed in the rock of Rimmon four months.
48 Then the men of Israel turned and went back against the Benjaminites and struck them down with the edge of the sword, from the cities even to the beasts, all that was found; and they burned all the cities in which they had been.

Jud.20.48 - Details

Translation

Then the men of Israel turned and went back against the Benjaminites and struck them down with the edge of the sword, from the cities even to the beasts, all that was found; and they burned all the cities in which they had been.

Original Text

ואיש ישראל שבו אל־ בני בנימן ויכום לפי־ חרב מעיר מתם עד־ בהמה עד כל־ הנמצא גם כל־ הערים הנמצאות שלחו באש׃

Morphology

  • ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שבו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • בנימן: NOUN,m,sg,proper
  • ויכום: CONJ+VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl+OBJSUFF,3,m,pl
  • לפי: PREP
  • חרב: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מעיר: PREP
  • מתם: PRON,3,pl,gen
  • עד: PREP
  • בהמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • הנמצא: PART,nif,ptc,ms,sg,def
  • גם: ADV
  • כל: DET
  • הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
  • הנמצאות: ADJ,part,f,pl,def
  • שלחו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (structural): Legal injunction to put whole cities under the ban—slay men, women, children and beasts—provides the prescriptive pattern echoed in the wholesale slaughter and destruction in Judges 20:48.
  • Joshua 6:21 (verbal): Account of Jericho's destruction: 'they devoted all in the city to destruction, both men and women, young and old, oxen, sheep, and donkeys'—language and action closely parallel the total annihilation and burning in Judges 20:48.
  • Joshua 8:24-26 (verbal): After the capture of Ai the people 'struck them with the edge of the sword' and burned the city—phrasing and the combined slaughter-plus-burning motif echo Judges 20:48.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3 (thematic): Divine command to Saul to destroy Amalek—men, women, children, infants, and animals—shares the theme of total annihilation of an enemy people present in Judges 20:48.
  • Judges 21:10 (structural): Immediate narrative parallel within the same cycle: Israel attacks Jabesh-gilead and puts its inhabitants to the sword—a repeated pattern of collective punitive slaughter and seizure later in the Judges narrative.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then the sons of Israel turned again against the sons of Benjamin and struck them with the edge of the sword, from the cities to the beasts; all that they found they put to the sword. And all the cities that they found they set on fire.
  • Then the men of Israel returned against the children of Benjamin and struck them with the edge of the sword, from the city even to the beasts; all that they found they put to the sword. They set on fire all their cities that they found.

All the people of Israel went out, and the assembly gathered as one man at Mizpah — from Dan to Beersheba and the land of Gilead — before the LORD at Mizpah.

All the people stood in their ranks, all the tribes of Israel, in the assembly before God: four hundred thousand footmen who drew sword.

The Benjaminites heard that the Israelites had gone up to Mizpah; and the Israelites said, "Speak: how did this wickedness come about?"

The Levite, the husband of the murdered woman, answered and said, "I came to Gibeah of Benjamin, I and my concubine, to spend the night." But the men of Gibeah rose up against me and surrounded the house at nightfall; they intended to kill me. They assaulted my concubine and abused her, and she died.

Then I took my concubine and divided her, limb by limb, and sent her throughout all the territory of Israel, for they have acted wantonly and shamefully in Israel.

Behold, all of you, sons of Israel: give counsel and advice.

All the people rose up as one man, saying, "None of us shall return to his tent, nor shall any of us go to his house." And now this is the thing that was done at Gibeah, which lies among us by lot.

We will take ten men from every hundred, a hundred from every thousand, and a thousand from every ten thousand, to provision the people and to bring them to Gibeah of Benjamin, to do justice for all the vileness that has been wrought in Israel. So all the people of Israel assembled to the city, as one man, united.

The tribes of Israel sent men throughout the tribe of Benjamin, saying, "What is this wickedness that has happened among you?" Now therefore give up the men, the worthless fellows in Gibeah, that we may put them to death and remove the evil from Israel." But the sons of Benjamin would not listen to the voice of their brothers, the sons of Israel.

Then the Benjaminites gathered from their cities to Gibeah to go out to battle against the Israelites.

On that day the Benjaminites mustered twenty-six thousand men who drew the sword, besides the inhabitants of Gibeah who mustered seven hundred chosen men.

Of all this people seven hundred were left-handed; every one could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.

The Israelites mustered four hundred thousand men who drew the sword, besides Benjamin.

They went up and camped at Bethel, and inquired of God. The Israelites said, "Who shall go up first for us to battle against the Benjaminites?" And the LORD said, "Judah shall go first."

The Israelites rose in the morning and camped against Gibeah.

The men of Israel went out to battle against Benjamin; the Israelites arrayed themselves for battle against Gibeah.

The Benjaminites came out from Gibeah and struck down of the Israelites on that day twenty-two thousand men.

The Israelites were dismayed and again took up battle in the same place as on the first day.

Then the Israelites went up and wept before the LORD until evening, and inquired of the LORD, "Shall we go up again to fight against the Benjaminites, our brothers?" And the LORD said, "Go up; I will deliver them into your hand." So the Israelites drew near to the Benjaminites on the second day.

The Benjaminites went out against them from Gibeah on the second day and struck down another eighteen thousand Israelites; all these were men of valor who drew the sword.

All the Israelites and the assembly went up to Bethel and wept, and sat there before the LORD and fasted that day until evening; they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.

They inquired of the LORD — for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days.

Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron stood before him in those days and said, "Shall one more time go up to battle against the Benjaminites, my brothers, or shall we cease?" And the LORD said, "Go up; tomorrow I will give them into your hand." So Israel set an ambush against Gibeah all around. And the Israelites rose against the Benjaminites on the third day and arrayed themselves against Gibeah as before.

The Benjaminites went out to meet the people, broke away from the city, and began to slay some of the people, as at the first — on the roads; some fell by the ascent to Bethel and some by the descent to Gibeah in the field — about thirty Israelites.

The Benjaminites said, "They are being routed before us, as at the first." And the Israelites said, "Let us flee and draw them from the city to the highways."

Every one of the Israelites rose from his place and took up position at Baal-tamar; and the men in ambush came out of their place from the rock of the cave.

Ten thousand chosen men of all Israel came forward opposite Gibeah; the battle was fierce, and the Benjaminites did not know that disaster had come upon them.

Then the LORD routed Benjamin before Israel; and the Israelites struck down that day twenty-five thousand and one hundred men of Benjamin, all of them valiant men who drew the sword.

The Benjaminites saw that they were routed, and they gave ground to the Israelites, for they had trusted in the ambush which they had set against Gibeah.

The ambush sprang forward, rushed into Gibeah, and struck the city with the edge of the sword.

The appointed sign for Israel and the ambush was the raising of a column of smoke from the city.

The Israelites turned in the battle, and the Benjaminites began to kill some of the Israelites — about thirty men — for they said, "They are being smitten before us as at the first."

The column of smoke began to rise from the city; the Benjaminites looked back, and behold, the city was wholly on fire.

The Israelites turned and terrified the Benjaminites, for they saw that disaster had come upon them.

The Benjaminites turned and fled by the way of the wilderness, and the battle overtook them; and those from the towns cut them down in their midst.

They hemmed in Benjamin and pursued him without respite; they pressed him down as far as opposite Gibeah eastward.

Of Benjamin fell eleven thousand men, all of them men of valor.

They turned and fled toward the rock of Rimmon; five thousand men went up by the way of the passes and overtook them at Gidom and struck down one thousand of them. Thus all the slain of Benjamin were twenty-five thousand men who drew the sword that day, all of them men of valor.

The remnant fled to the rock of Rimmon — six hundred men — and remained at the rock of Rimmon four months.

Then the men of Israel turned and went back against the Benjaminites and struck them down with the edge of the sword, from the cities even to the beasts, all that was found; and they burned all the cities in which they had been.