Psalms 103–106

Psalm 103:1-106:48

About APB

Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 Bless the LORD, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless his holy name.

Psa.103.1 - Details

Translation

Bless the LORD, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless his holy name.

Original Text

לדוד ׀ ברכי נפשי את־ יהוה וכל־ קרבי את־ שם קדשו׃

Morphology

  • לדוד: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ברכי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
  • קרבי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • שם: ADV
  • קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Ps.104.1 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel: both verses open with the same exhortation to the soul — 'Bless the LORD, O my soul' (Heb. ברכי נפשי את־יהוה) — invoking inward praise.
  • Ps.103.22 (structural): Repetition within the same psalm: the closing verse repeats the summons for 'my soul' (and all that is within me) to bless the LORD, framing the psalm with the same call to praise.
  • Ps.146.1 (verbal): Close verbal/thematic echo: a similar vocative to the soul to praise the LORD ('Praise the LORD, O my soul'), continuing the biblical motif of the soul's personal address in worship.
  • Luke 1:46–47 (thematic): The Magnificat's opening ('My soul magnifies the Lord; my spirit rejoices in God my Savior') parallels the personal, soul-centered language of praise and thanksgiving found in Ps 103:1.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Bless the LORD, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless his holy name.
2 Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.

Psa.103.2 - Details

Translation

Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.

Original Text

ברכי נפשי את־ יהוה ואל־ תשכחי כל־ גמוליו׃

Morphology

  • ברכי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • תשכחי: VERB,qal,impf,2,f,sg
  • כל: DET
  • גמוליו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:1 (verbal): Shares the identical summons 'Bless the LORD, O my soul'—a parallel invocation to praise God from the heart.
  • Psalm 145:7 (thematic): Speaks of 'uttering the memory of thy great goodness'—theme of remembering and proclaiming God's benefits and deeds.
  • Deuteronomy 8:18 (thematic): Commands Israel to remember the LORD who gives power to get wealth—a warning not to forget God as the giver of blessings, echoing 'forget not all his benefits.'
  • Psalm 136:23 (thematic): Declares that God 'remembered us in our low estate'—emphasizes God's remembered mercies and the call to give thanks for his benefits.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Bless the LORD, O my soul, and do not forget all his benefits.
3 He forgives all your sins, he heals all your diseases;

Psa.103.3 - Details

Translation

He forgives all your sins, he heals all your diseases;

Original Text

הסלח לכל־ עונכי הרפא לכל־ תחלאיכי׃

Morphology

  • הסלח: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • לכל: PREP
  • עונכי: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff,2,ms
  • הרפא: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • לכל: PREP
  • תחלאיכי: NOUN,f,pl,abs,suff,2,ms

Parallels

  • Isaiah 53:5 (allusion): Speaks of healing effected through the sufferer's wounds ('by his stripes we are healed'), thematically linking divine healing to atonement—parallel to Ps 103:3's pairing of forgiveness and healing.
  • Matthew 9:2-8 (thematic): Jesus both forgives the paralytic's sins and heals his body, reflecting the combined promise in Ps 103:3 that God forgives iniquity and heals disease.
  • James 5:15 (thematic): Connects prayer, forgiveness, and physical healing ('and the Lord will raise him up; and if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven'), echoing Ps 103:3's linkage of pardon and healing.
  • Jeremiah 17:14 (verbal): A direct plea for healing using the verb רפא ('Heal me, O LORD, and I shall be healed'), closely echoing the language and theme of God's healing in Ps 103:3.
  • Psalm 147:3 (verbal): Uses the verb רפא ('He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds'), reinforcing Ps 103:3's affirmation of God's healing activity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He forgives all your iniquities; he heals all your diseases.
4 he redeems your life from the pit, he crowns you with steadfast love and mercy;

Psa.103.4 - Details

Translation

he redeems your life from the pit, he crowns you with steadfast love and mercy;

Original Text

הגואל משחת חייכי המעטרכי חסד ורחמים׃

Morphology

  • הגואל: VERB,qal,ptc,NA,m,sg,def
  • משחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • חייכי: NOUN,m,sg,prsuf:2ms
  • המעטרכי: VERB,qal,ptc,NA,m,sg,def+prsuf:2ms
  • חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ורחמים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 43:1,4 (verbal): God says 'I have redeemed you' (גאל/redeem) and affirms his care for the beloved—parallels Psalm 103:4's language of rescue and God's tender concern.
  • Job 19:25 (verbal): 'For I know that my Redeemer lives' (גואל) — the go'el/redeemer motif echoes Psalm 103:4's declaration that God redeems and vindicates life.
  • Ruth 4:14–15 (thematic): The kinsman-redeemer restores Naomi and secures a future for the family—thematically parallel to Psalm 103's image of God redeeming and crowning with blessing and restoration.
  • Psalm 107:2 (thematic): 'Let the redeemed of the LORD say so'—Psalm 107's emphasis on those redeemed by God and their thanksgiving parallels Psalm 103's focus on divine redemption prompting praise.
  • Isaiah 61:10 (cf. 61:3) (thematic): Isaiah's image of being clothed or decked with salvation/joy and honored in place of mourning resonates with 'crown you with steadfast love and mercy'—both portray divine restoration as a garland or honor bestowed by God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He redeems your life from the pit, crowns you with steadfast love and mercy.
5 he satisfies you with good so that your youth is renewed like the eagle's.

Psa.103.5 - Details

Translation

he satisfies you with good so that your youth is renewed like the eagle's.

Original Text

המשביע בטוב עדיך תתחדש כנשר נעוריכי׃

Morphology

  • המשביע: VERB,hiph,ptcp,3,m,sg
  • בטוב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עדיך: PREP,2,m,sg
  • תתחדש: VERB,hitp,impf,2,m,sg
  • כנשר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נעוריכי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 40:31 (verbal): Uses the same eagle imagery and the language of renewed strength—'they shall mount up with wings like eagles'—paralleling 'renewed like the eagle's youth.'
  • Deuteronomy 32:11 (verbal): Describes an eagle stirring up its nest and hovering over its young; shares the eagle-brooding motif that underlies the image of renewal and youthful vigor.
  • Exodus 19:4 (allusion): God 'bore you on eagles' wings' as an image of divine care and sustaining power, echoing the Psalm's use of the eagle as a symbol of renewal and strength given by God.
  • Psalm 92:14 (thematic): Speaks of bearing fruit and remaining fresh in old age ('still yield fruit in old age'), resonating with Psalm 103:5's theme of God restoring/renewing vitality (youthful renewal).

Alternative generated candidates

  • He satisfies you with good so that your youth is renewed like the eagle's.
6 The LORD works righteousness and justice for all who are oppressed.

Psa.103.6 - Details

Translation

The LORD works righteousness and justice for all who are oppressed.

Original Text

עשה צדקות יהוה ומשפטים לכל־ עשוקים׃

Morphology

  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • צדקות: NOUN,f,pl,constr
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ומשפטים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לכל: PREP
  • עשוקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 146:7-9 (verbal): Declares that the LORD executes justice for the oppressed, frees prisoners, and cares for the needy—closely echoing Ps 103:6’s theme of God acting for the afflicted.
  • Psalm 9:9-10 (thematic): Describes the LORD as a refuge for the oppressed and a sure help in times of trouble, reinforcing the theme of God’s protection and justice for the afflicted.
  • Isaiah 61:1 (thematic): Proclaims the anointed one’s mission to bring good news, bind up the brokenhearted and proclaim liberty to the captives—parallel to God’s vindication and relief for the oppressed in Ps 103:6.
  • Micah 6:8 (thematic): Summarizes what the LORD requires—doing justice, loving kindness and walking humbly—reflecting God’s righteous concern for justice that underlies Ps 103:6.
  • Proverbs 31:8-9 (thematic): An exhortation to speak up for those who cannot speak and defend the rights of the poor and needy, echoing the scriptural emphasis on justice for the oppressed found in Ps 103:6.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD works righteousness and justice for all who are oppressed.
7 He made known his ways to Moses, his deeds to the people of Israel.

Psa.103.7 - Details

Translation

He made known his ways to Moses, his deeds to the people of Israel.

Original Text

יודיע דרכיו למשה לבני ישראל עלילותיו׃

Morphology

  • יודיע: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
  • דרכיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3ms
  • למשה: PREP+PN,m,sg
  • לבני: PREP
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עלילותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 34:6-7 (quotation): God proclaims his name and character to Moses (merciful, gracious, slow to anger), a direct revelation to Moses that Psalm 103 echoes when it says God made his ways known to Moses.
  • Exodus 33:11 (structural): Describes the unique, face-to-face revelation God gave Moses; parallels Psalm 103’s claim that God disclosed his ways to Moses (special disclosure to the leader of Israel).
  • Psalm 78:4-7 (thematic): Calls for telling the next generation the wondrous deeds and works of the LORD so they would trust and obey — thematically parallel to making God’s acts known to Israel.
  • Psalm 105:26-27 (thematic): Recounts God’s sending of Moses and the mighty acts done for Israel; parallels Psalm 103’s emphasis that God revealed his deeds to the people of Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made known his ways to Moses, his acts to the people of Israel.
8 The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love.

Psa.103.8 - Details

Translation

The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love.

Original Text

רחום וחנון יהוה ארך אפים ורב־ חסד׃

Morphology

  • רחום: ADJ,m,sg
  • וחנון: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ארך: ADJ,m,sg
  • אפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ורב: CONJ+ADJ,m,sg
  • חסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exod.34:6 (quotation): A near-verbatim proclamation of God's character—'merciful and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in steadfast love'—which Psalm 103 echoes.
  • Num.14:18 (verbal): Uses the same formula ('slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love') in Moses' plea for Israel, reflecting the same tradition of divine mercy.
  • Joel 2:13 (quotation): Prophetic call to repentance that cites the Exodus tradition: God is 'gracious and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love'.
  • Neh.9:17 (verbal): Confessional/liturgical recounting of God's readiness to forgive and abundant lovingkindness, thematically and verbally echoing Ps 103:8.
  • Ps.145:8 (verbal): Another psalm that repeats the descriptive formula almost verbatim—'The LORD is gracious and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love'—a direct psalmic parallel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love.
9 He will not always accuse, nor will he keep his anger forever.

Psa.103.9 - Details

Translation

He will not always accuse, nor will he keep his anger forever.

Original Text

לא־ לנצח יריב ולא לעולם יטור׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • לנצח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יריב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יטור: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 34:6-7 (verbal): God's self‑description as merciful, gracious and slow to anger (Hebrew parallels the Psalm's emphasis that God does not retain anger forever).
  • Psalm 86:15 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language — God is merciful, gracious and slow to anger — reinforcing the theme that divine anger is not permanent.
  • Joel 2:13 (verbal): Calls Israel to return because the LORD is gracious and merciful, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love, and he relents from sending disaster (echo of not keeping anger forever).
  • Micah 7:18 (thematic): Celebrates God’s pardoning character — who pardons iniquity and delights in steadfast love — complementing the Psalm's claim that God will not hold anger indefinitely.
  • Lamentations 3:31-33 (thematic): Affirms that the Lord will not cast off forever; though he causes grief, he has compassion and does not afflict willingly — an assurance parallel to God not keeping his anger forever.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He will not always accuse, nor will he keep his anger forever.
10 He has not dealt with us according to our sins, nor rewarded us according to our iniquities.

Psa.103.10 - Details

Translation

He has not dealt with us according to our sins, nor rewarded us according to our iniquities.

Original Text

לא כחטאינו עשה לנו ולא כעונתינו גמל עלינו׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • כחטאינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:1pl
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • כעונתינו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:1pl
  • גמל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl

Parallels

  • Ps.103.8 (structural): Immediate context: declares the LORD's mercy and compassion, framing verse 10's claim that God does not deal with us according to our sins.
  • Ps.103.12 (thematic): Continues the psalm's theme of God's forgiveness—sins are removed 'as far as the east is from the west,' echoing non‑recompense for iniquity.
  • Mic.7:18-19 (thematic): Rhetorical praise of a God who pardons iniquity and casts sins into the sea, closely paralleling the idea that God does not repay people according to their sins.
  • Ps.130:3-4 (thematic): Contrasts the notion of a divine ledger of sin with God's willingness to forgive; affirms that with the LORD there is forgiveness rather than exact recompense.
  • Isa.43:25 (verbal): God declares that he 'blots out' transgressions and will not remember sins—language that parallels Ps 103:10's assertion that God does not deal with us according to our sins.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He does not deal with us according to our sins, nor repay us according to our iniquities.
11 For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is his steadfast love toward those who fear him.

Psa.103.11 - Details

Translation

For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is his steadfast love toward those who fear him.

Original Text

כי כגבה שמים על־ הארץ גבר חסדו על־ יראיו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • כגבה: PREP
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • חסדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • על: PREP
  • יראיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Ps.103.12 (structural): Directly parallels the same verse's theme of God's abundant mercy by continuing the comparison to express how completely God removes sin (east from west).
  • Ps.36.5 (verbal): Uses similar language of God's steadfast love reaching to the heavens (’חסדך ה׳ שמים'), echoing the image of mercy measured by the height of the heavens.
  • Isa.55.9 (verbal): Employs the same comparative formula 'as the heavens are higher than the earth...' to express a transcendent attribute of God (here: God's ways/mercies compared to human ways).
  • Ps.145.8-9 (thematic): Affirms the same theological point that God is gracious, merciful, and abounding in steadfast love toward those who fear him—echoing the Psalm's emphasis on divine compassion.
  • Mic.7.18 (thematic): Celebrates God's unique willingness to forgive and show mercy, rhetorically parallel to Psalm 103's declaration of the greatness of God's steadfast love for his people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is his steadfast love toward those who fear him.
12 As far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us.

Psa.103.12 - Details

Translation

As far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us.

Original Text

כרחק מזרח ממערב הרחיק ממנו את־ פשעינו׃

Morphology

  • כרחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מזרח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ממערב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הרחיק: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • ממנו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • פשעינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,1p

Parallels

  • Micah 7:19 (thematic): Uses the image of God removing or casting away sins (casting them into the depths of the sea), parallel to Psalm 103’s idea of removing sins ‘as far as the east is from the west.’
  • Isaiah 44:22 (verbal): Speaks of blotting out transgressions ‘like a cloud’ and hiding sins, a close verbal/imagistic parallel to God’s complete removal of sin in Psalm 103:12.
  • Jeremiah 31:34 (allusion): God’s promise ‘I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more’ echoes the Psalm’s theme of divine forgiveness and definitive removal of sin.
  • Colossians 2:13–14 (thematic): The New Testament describes God’s action in Christ as forgiving sins and canceling the legal record against us—an early-Christian restatement of the same theme of sins being removed or taken away.

Alternative generated candidates

  • As far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us.
13 As a father pities his children, so the LORD pities those who fear him.

Psa.103.13 - Details

Translation

As a father pities his children, so the LORD pities those who fear him.

Original Text

כרחם אב על־ בנים רחם יהוה על־ יראיו׃

Morphology

  • כרחם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • רחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • יראיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Deut. 1:31 (verbal): Uses the same paternal imagery of God carrying/ministering to his people like a father carrying a child—expresses God's tender care for Israel.
  • Prov. 3:12 (thematic): Portrays God's relationship to his people in fatherly terms—God's corrective love is likened to a father's treatment of his son, a complementary aspect of paternal compassion.
  • Heb. 12:7-9 (allusion): New Testament reflection on divine fatherhood and discipline contrasts human fathers and God as Father—echoes the idea of God relating to his people as a parent.
  • Isa. 63:9 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD's pity and compassionate involvement with his people in their affliction—parallels the theme of God’s tender, parental compassion.
  • Ps. 103:8 (structural): Immediate psalmic context: declares the LORD merciful and gracious, slow to anger—sets the theological groundwork for the specific fatherly compassion in v.13.

Alternative generated candidates

  • As a father has compassion for his children, so the LORD has compassion for those who fear him.
14 For he knows our frame; he remembers that we are dust.

Psa.103.14 - Details

Translation

For he knows our frame; he remembers that we are dust.

Original Text

כי־ הוא ידע יצרנו זכור כי־ עפר אנחנו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יצרנו: VERB,qal,ptcp,ms,sg,1pl-suff
  • זכור: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • עפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אנחנו: PRON,1,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:39 (verbal): Uses the same idea and language of God remembering that humans are 'flesh'—a fleeting, fragile life—paralleling 'he knows our frame; he remembers that we are dust.'
  • Genesis 3:19 (thematic): Declares human origin and destiny—'for you are dust, and to dust you shall return'—echoing the psalm's reminder of human mortality and earthly constitution.
  • Job 34:15 (allusion): Speaks of mankind returning to dust if God withdraws spirit and breath, closely paralleling the psalm's link between divine knowledge/concern and human frailty.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:20 (thematic): Asserts that all go to one place and 'all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again,' reflecting the psalm's emphasis on human mortality and humble origin.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (verbal): States that the dust returns to the earth while the spirit returns to God, complementing the psalm's contrast between human dustiness and God's remembered care.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For he knows our frame; he remembers that we are dust.
15 Man—his days are like grass; he flourishes like a flower of the field;

Psa.103.15 - Details

Translation

Man—his days are like grass; he flourishes like a flower of the field;

Original Text

אנוש כחציר ימיו כציץ השדה כן יציץ׃

Morphology

  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כחציר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כציץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השדה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כן: ADV
  • יציץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 40:6-8 (verbal): Uses the near-verbal motif 'all flesh is grass; the grass withers, the flower fades'—same image of human transience as in Ps 103:15.
  • 1 Peter 1:24 (quotation): Directly cites Isaiah's 'all flesh is grass' formula to make the same point about human frailty and the impermanence of life.
  • Psalm 90:5-6 (thematic): Speaks of humans as transient like grass and flowers whose days are brief—same pastoral metaphor linking mortality and fleeting days.
  • Job 14:2 (thematic): Compares human life to a flower that comes forth and is cut down, emphasizing the brevity and fragility of human existence similar to Ps 103:15.
  • James 1:10-11 (allusion): Refers to the lowly person as like the grass that withers, echoing the biblical stock image of transient human life used in Psalms and Isaiah.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Man—his days are like grass; he flourishes like a flower of the field.
16 for the wind passes over it, and it is gone; its place remembers it no more.

Psa.103.16 - Details

Translation

for the wind passes over it, and it is gone; its place remembers it no more.

Original Text

כי רוח עברה־ בו ואיננו ולא־ יכירנו עוד מקומו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עברה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ואיננו: VERB,qal,pres,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יכירנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:1pl
  • עוד: ADV
  • מקומו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:29-30 (verbal): Both verses speak of breath/Spirit being taken away and the resulting death—Psalm 104:29 explicitly says when You hide Your face they perish, when You take away their breath they die, echoing Ps 103:16’s 'ruach' passing and the person no longer being known.
  • Job 34:14-15 (verbal): Uses the same idea and language about God gathering/withdrawing spirit and breath so that all flesh dies, closely paralleling the motif of ruach departing in Ps 103:16.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (thematic): Speaks of the dust returning to the earth and the spirit returning to God who gave it, paralleling Ps 103:16’s contrast between departing breath/spirit and the end of a person's presence.
  • Job 14:10-12 (thematic): Describes death as a return to the earth and a disappearance from place (sleep/decay) until God remembers—resonates with Ps 103:16’s note that once breath has passed the person is no longer known in their place.
  • Genesis 3:19 (thematic): The declaration 'for you are dust, and to dust you shall return' provides the broader biblical background for Ps 103:16’s emphasis on human transience when breath departs.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For the wind passes over it, and it is gone; its place will know it no more.
17 But the steadfast love of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting on those who fear him, and his righteousness to children's children,

Psa.103.17 - Details

Translation

But the steadfast love of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting on those who fear him, and his righteousness to children's children,

Original Text

וחסד יהוה ׀ מעולם ועד־ עולם על־ יראיו וצדקתו לבני בנים׃

Morphology

  • וחסד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מעולם: ADV
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • יראיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • וצדקתו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,prsfx=3,m,sg
  • לבני: PREP
  • בנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:11 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm: v.11 states God’s steadfast love toward those who fear him; v.17 extends that thought to its everlasting scope and to future generations.
  • Psalm 100:5 (verbal): Uses virtually the same formula—'the LORD is good; his steadfast love endures forever; and his faithfulness to all generations'—echoing chesed/’everlasting' language and the generational focus.
  • Lamentations 3:22-23 (verbal): Affirms that 'the steadfast love of the LORD never ceases' and his mercies are new each morning—another explicit declaration of God’s enduring chesed.
  • Exodus 34:6-7 (allusion): God’s self-declaration emphasizes mercy, steadfast love and faithfulness (keeping chesed for many generations), a theological source behind Psalms' language of everlasting lovingkindness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the steadfast love of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting upon those who fear him, and his righteousness to children's children,
18 to those who keep his covenant and remember to do his commandments.

Psa.103.18 - Details

Translation

to those who keep his covenant and remember to do his commandments.

Original Text

לשמרי בריתו ולזכרי פקדיו לעשותם׃

Morphology

  • לשמרי: PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,NA,m,pl,cs
  • בריתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ולזכרי: CONJ+PREP+VERB,qal,ptc,NA,m,pl,cs
  • פקדיו: NOUN,m,pl,poss3ms
  • לעשותם: VERB,qal,infc,\u00a0

Parallels

  • Exodus 20:6 (verbal): Promises God's steadfast love to those who 'love me and keep my commandments'—close verbal/thematic parallel to blessing for covenant-keepers.
  • Deuteronomy 7:9 (thematic): Affirms God as faithful to his covenant and steadfast toward those who love him and keep his commandments—echoes the covenantal reciprocity in Ps 103:18.
  • Deuteronomy 6:17 (verbal): Urges careful keeping of the LORD's commandments and statutes—parallels the exhortation to remember and do God's precepts.
  • Psalm 25:10 (verbal): States that the LORD's ways are steadfast for those who keep his covenant and testimonies—a close verbal and thematic echo within the Psalter.
  • Leviticus 26:3 (structural): Promises blessings 'if you walk in my statutes and observe my commandments'—reflects the covenantal framework linking obedience and divine favor found in Ps 103:18.

Alternative generated candidates

  • to keep his covenant and to remember his commandments to do them.
19 The LORD has established his throne in the heavens, and his kingdom rules over all.

Psa.103.19 - Details

Translation

The LORD has established his throne in the heavens, and his kingdom rules over all.

Original Text

יהוה בשמים הכין כסאו ומלכותו בכל משלה׃

Morphology

  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בשמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הכין: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כסאו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ומלכותו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • משלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 11:4 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD’s throne being in heaven—close verbal parallel to God’s heavenly throne in Ps 103:19.
  • Psalm 93:1 (thematic): Declares the LORD’s reign and the established world—shared theme of God’s sovereign, established kingship.
  • Psalm 47:8 (verbal): States that God sits on his holy throne and reigns over the nations, echoing the imagery of divine kingship and earthly rule.
  • Isaiah 66:1 (verbal): God declares heaven as his throne (and earth his footstool), directly paralleling the picture of a heavenly throne.
  • Daniel 4:34-35 (thematic): Affirms God’s universal dominion and rule over heaven and earth—theological expansion of Ps 103:19’s claim of divine sovereignty.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The LORD has established his throne in the heavens, and his kingdom rules over all.
20 Bless the LORD, you his angels, mighty in strength, who do his word, hearkening to the voice of his word.

Psa.103.20 - Details

Translation

Bless the LORD, you his angels, mighty in strength, who do his word, hearkening to the voice of his word.

Original Text

ברכו יהוה מלאכיו גברי כח עשי דברו לשמע בקול דברו׃

Morphology

  • ברכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • מלאכיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • גברי: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • כח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
  • דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
  • לשמע: INF,qal,infc
  • בקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 148:2 (verbal): Directly echoes the summons to the angels to praise/bless the LORD (“Praise him, all his angels”); same vocative address to heavenly beings called to worship.
  • Psalm 104:4 (thematic): Describes angels as God’s servants/agents (winds, ministers of fire) who carry out his will—parallel emphasis on angels as powerful executors of God’s commands.
  • Hebrews 1:14 (thematic): Portrays angels as ‘ministering spirits sent to serve’—New Testament reflection on the same reality that angels do God’s word and obey his voice.
  • Job 1:6 (thematic): Depicts the heavenly beings (‘sons of God’) presenting themselves before Yahweh, highlighting angelic attendance and responsiveness to God’s summons, related to obedience in Psalm 103:20.
  • Psalm 103:21 (structural): Immediate continuation of the psalm’s doxology—expands the call in v.20 to all God’s works and hosts to bless the LORD, reinforcing the communal call to praise that began with the angels.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Bless the LORD, you his angels, mighty in strength, who do his word, obeying the voice of his word.
21 Bless the LORD, all his hosts, his ministers who do his will.

Psa.103.21 - Details

Translation

Bless the LORD, all his hosts, his ministers who do his will.

Original Text

ברכו יהוה כל־ צבאיו משרתיו עשי רצונו׃

Morphology

  • ברכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • צבאיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • משרתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,ms
  • עשי: VERB,qal,impv,2,f,sg
  • רצונו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:20 (structural): Immediate parallel line in the same psalm addressing the angelic hosts/servants who carry out God's commands; forms a two-verse call to bless the LORD.
  • Psalm 148:2 (verbal): Directly summons 'his angels' and 'his hosts' to praise the LORD, repeating the motif and language of heavenly beings praising God.
  • Psalm 104:4 (thematic): Describes angels as God's ministers/servants, linking the idea of heavenly beings who serve and execute God's will to the language of Ps 103:21.
  • Hebrews 1:14 (allusion): New Testament reflection on angels as 'ministering spirits' sent to serve believers, echoing the OT portrayal of angels as God's servants who do his will.
  • Daniel 7:10 (thematic): Visionary scene where countless ministering beings attend the Ancient of Days—parallels the image of heavenly hosts serving and praising God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Bless the LORD, all his hosts, his servants who do his will.
22 Bless the LORD, all his works, in all places of his dominion. Bless the LORD, O my soul.

Psa.103.22 - Details

Translation

Bless the LORD, all his works, in all places of his dominion. Bless the LORD, O my soul.

Original Text

ברכו יהוה ׀ כל־ מעשיו בכל־ מקמות ממשלתו ברכי נפשי את־ יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ברכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • מעשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מקמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ממשלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ברכי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:1 (verbal): Immediate internal parallel: the psalm opens and closes with the summons 'Bless the LORD, O my soul,' repeating the same devotional address.
  • Psalm 104:1 (verbal): Uses the identical exhortation 'Bless the LORD, O my soul' and links praise of God to his creative works and sovereign rule over creation.
  • Psalm 145:10 (thematic): Declares that 'all your works shall praise you,' echoing the idea that all God's works join in blessing/praising the LORD.
  • Psalm 150:6 (thematic): A universal summons—'Let everything that has breath praise the LORD'—paralleling the call for all creation to bless God.
  • Psalm 148:7-13 (structural): Enumerates creatures and cosmic realms that praise the LORD, mirroring the psalm's summons for 'all his works in all places of his dominion' to bless God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Bless the LORD, all his works, in all places of his dominion. Bless the LORD, O my soul.
1 Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, you are very great; you are clothed with splendour and majesty.

Psa.104.1 - Details

Translation

Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, you are very great; you are clothed with splendour and majesty.

Original Text

ברכי נפשי את־ יהוה יהוה אלהי גדלת מאד הוד והדר לבשת׃

Morphology

  • ברכי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • גדלת: ADJ,f,pl
  • מאד: ADV
  • הוד: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • והדר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לבשת: VERB,qal,perf,2,ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:1 (verbal): Shares the identical opening exhortation 'Bless the LORD, O my soul' (ברכי נפשי), the same personal summons to praise God.
  • Psalm 93:1 (verbal): Uses the same clothing imagery of divine majesty — 'The LORD is clothed with majesty'—parallel to 'you are clothed with honor and majesty' (הוד והדר לבשת).
  • Psalm 96:4-6 (thematic): Affirms God's greatness and calls for praise, stating that 'honor and majesty are before him'—echoing Psalm 104's emphasis on God's greatness and majestic robes.
  • Isaiah 6:3 (allusion): Heavenly proclamation of divine holiness and overwhelming glory ('Holy, holy, holy… the whole earth is full of his glory'), thematically resonant with Psalm 104's depiction of God's majestic grandeur.
  • Psalm 145:3 (thematic): Declares 'Great is the LORD and greatly to be praised,' closely paralleling Psalm 104:1's affirmation of God's greatness (גדלת מאד) and the call to praise.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, you are very great; you are clothed with splendor and majesty.
2 He wraps himself with light as with a garment; he stretches out the heavens like a tent.

Psa.104.2 - Details

Translation

He wraps himself with light as with a garment; he stretches out the heavens like a tent.

Original Text

עטה־ אור כשלמה נוטה שמים כיריעה׃

Morphology

  • עטה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כשלמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • נוטה: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • כיריעה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 40:22 (verbal): Uses the same image of God stretching out the heavens like a curtain/tent (מִשְׁכָּב) — a direct verbal and conceptual parallel to Psalm 104:2’s ‘stretches out the heavens like a tent.’
  • Job 9:8 (verbal): Declares that God ‘alone stretches out the heavens’ (וּמְתִיחַ שָׁמַיִם), echoing Psalm 104:2’s language of God’s sovereign action in extending the heavens.
  • Job 26:7 (thematic): Speaks of God stretching out the heavens and his cosmic sovereignty (e.g., ‘He stretches out the north over empty space’), relating thematically to Psalm 104:2’s portrayal of God arranging the heavens.
  • Genesis 1:6–8 (structural): The creation account’s decree to make an expanse and call it ‘heaven’ (רָקִיעַ) provides the cosmogonic background for images of God ‘stretching out’ the heavens used in Psalm 104:2.
  • 1 Timothy 6:16 (allusion): Says God ‘dwells in unapproachable light’ — echoing Psalm 104:2’s image of God being ‘clothed with light as with a garment,’ connecting divine majesty and light-language in the OT and NT.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He wraps himself with light as with a garment; he stretches out the heavens like a curtain.
3 He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters; he makes the clouds his chariot; he walks on the wings of the wind.

Psa.104.3 - Details

Translation

He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters; he makes the clouds his chariot; he walks on the wings of the wind.

Original Text

המקרה במים ע‍ליותיו השם־ עבים רכובו המהלך על־ כנפי־ רוח׃

Morphology

  • המקרה: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • במים: PREP
  • ע: ADJ,m,pl,cons
  • ליותיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,ms
  • השם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • עבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • רכובו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,ms
  • המהלך: VERB,qal,part,m,sg,def
  • על: PREP
  • כנפי: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
  • רוח: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 18:10 (verbal): Uses the phrase and imagery of God appearing 'upon the wings of the wind'—a close verbal parallel to Psalm 104:3's 'clouds his chariot' and 'walking on the wings of the wind.'
  • 2 Samuel 22:11 (verbal): Parallel wording to Psalm 18 (and thus to Ps 104:3): God 'rode upon a cherub' and was 'seen upon the wings of the wind,' repeating the same sky-/cloud-riding motif.
  • Isaiah 19:1 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD riding 'upon a swift cloud' into Egypt—same thematic image of God employing clouds as a vehicle or throne.
  • Nahum 1:3 (allusion): Declares 'his way is in the whirlwind and the clouds are the dust of his feet,' echoing Psalm 104:3's portrayal of divine movement through clouds and wind.
  • Psalm 68:4 (thematic): Calls God 'he who rides upon the heavens,' a related theme of God sovereignly traversing the skies (clouds/heavens) as in Ps 104:3.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters; he makes the clouds his chariot; he rides on the wings of the wind.
4 He makes his messengers winds, his ministers a flaming fire.

Psa.104.4 - Details

Translation

He makes his messengers winds, his ministers a flaming fire.

Original Text

עשה מלאכיו רוחות משרתיו אש להט׃

Morphology

  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מלאכיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • רוחות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • משרתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,ms
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • להט: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Hebrews 1:7 (quotation): The author of Hebrews cites the LXX wording of Ps 104:4: 'He makes his angels winds, his ministers a flame of fire,' using the verse to speak about angels' nature.
  • Hebrews 1:14 (thematic): Angels are called 'ministering spirits' sent to serve believers—echoing Psalm 104's description of God's servants as 'spirits' and 'ministers.'
  • Psalm 103:20-21 (thematic): Psalmic parallel that depicts angels as mighty servants who execute God's word and praise him—similar portrayal of angels/servants as God's ministering beings.
  • Isaiah 6:2,6 (thematic): The seraphim attend God with burning coals and call to worship—imagery of fiery heavenly attendants parallels the 'flaming' ministers of Ps 104:4.
  • Psalm 18:8-16 (thematic): A theophany rich in fire, smoke, and tempest portrays God's activity through powerful, often fiery, agents—sharing the cosmic/fire imagery of Ps 104:4.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He makes his messengers winds, his ministers a flame of fire.
5 He set the earth on its foundations; it shall never be moved.

Psa.104.5 - Details

Translation

He set the earth on its foundations; it shall never be moved.

Original Text

יסד־ ארץ על־ מכוניה בל־ תמוט עולם ועד׃

Morphology

  • יסד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • מכוניה: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בל: PART
  • תמוט: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,f,sg
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP

Parallels

  • Psalm 93:1 (verbal): Uses the same language and motif — the world/earth is established and will not be moved, echoing Ps 104:5's statement that God has founded the earth on its bases.
  • 1 Chronicles 16:30 (quotation): Liturgical restatement of the psalmic claim: 'He has fixed the earth so that it cannot be moved,' functioning as a quotation/echo of the same tradition that Ps 104:5 expresses.
  • Job 38:4-6 (thematic): God's inquiry about laying the earth's foundation and setting its measurements parallels Ps 104:5's image of the earth founded on its bases — both depict God establishing the earth.
  • Job 26:7 (thematic): Presents a related cosmic image about the earth's support ('he hangs the earth on nothing'), offering a complementary theological theme about God's sovereign ordering of the world found also in Ps 104:5.
  • Genesis 1:9-10 (thematic): The creation account of gathering waters and calling forth dry land connects thematically to the idea that God established and set the earth in its place as asserted in Ps 104:5.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He set the earth on its foundations; it shall never be moved.
6 You covered it with the deep as with a garment; the waters stood above the mountains.

Psa.104.6 - Details

Translation

You covered it with the deep as with a garment; the waters stood above the mountains.

Original Text

תהום כלבוש כסיתו על־ הרים יעמדו־ מים׃

Morphology

  • תהום: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כלבוש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כסיתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • יעמדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:2 (verbal): Both speak of the primordial 'deep' (tehom) and waters covering the earth—shared verbal imagery of the watery chaos before creation/order.
  • Genesis 1:9-10 (thematic): Describes God's gathering/separating of waters from dry land; thematically related to the Psalm's contrast between waters and mountains/land.
  • Job 38:8-11 (thematic): God's speech about shutting up the sea and setting its limits parallels Psalm 104's motif of divine control over the waters that rise above the mountains.
  • Jonah 2:5-6 (verbal): Jonah's description of the deep surrounding him and waters closing over him uses language and imagery similar to the Psalm's picture of the deep covering the earth.
  • Psalm 33:7 (verbal): Both psalms portray God as sovereign over the seas, gathering or restraining the deeps—parallel verbal/thematic depiction of divine mastery over the waters.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You covered it with the deep as with a garment; the waters stood above the mountains.
7 At your rebuke they flee; at the sound of your thunder they hasten away.

Psa.104.7 - Details

Translation

At your rebuke they flee; at the sound of your thunder they hasten away.

Original Text

מן־ גערתך ינוסון מן־ קול רעמך יחפזון׃

Morphology

  • מן: PREP
  • גערתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2ms
  • ינוסון: VERB,qal,impf,3,mp
  • מן: PREP
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רעמך: NOUN,m,sg,pronominal_2ms
  • יחפזון: VERB,qal,impf,3,mp

Parallels

  • Nahum 1:4 (verbal): Directly echoes the image of God rebuking the sea—'He rebukes the sea and makes it dry'—paralleling 'at thy rebuke they fled.'
  • Psalm 18:15 (verbal): Speaks of waters and the world laid bare 'at thy rebuke' (and the blast of thy nostrils), using the same formula of divine rebuke producing cosmic effects.
  • Exodus 15:8 (allusion): In the Song of Moses God’s blast/rebuke causes the waters to pile up and the sea to congeal—an archetypal OT episode of waters fleeing at God’s command.
  • Psalm 29:3-9 (thematic): Emphasizes the 'voice of the LORD' in thunder that exerts power over the waters and creation, resonating with 'the voice of thy thunder' in Ps 104:7.
  • Job 26:12-14 (thematic): Portrays God’s power over the sea—he 'stilled the sea' and overawes creation—sharing the theme of waters fleeing or being subdued by divine command.

Alternative generated candidates

  • At your rebuke they fled; at the sound of your thunder they hurried away.
8 They go up the mountains, they go down to the valleys to the place you founded for them.

Psa.104.8 - Details

Translation

They go up the mountains, they go down to the valleys to the place you founded for them.

Original Text

יעלו הרים ירדו בקעות אל־ מקום זה ׀ יסדת להם׃

Morphology

  • יעלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • ירדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בקעות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • יסדת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:5 (verbal): Same psalm's language about God establishing the earth on its foundations; both verses speak of God's sovereign ordering of landforms.
  • Job 38:4-11 (thematic): God's speech about laying the earth's foundations and setting limits for the sea; parallels the motif of God shaping mountains, valleys, and boundaries for waters.
  • Proverbs 8:27-29 (thematic): Wisdom's depiction of being present when God marked out the heavens and established the earth's foundations and limits, echoing Psalm 104's creation-ordering language.
  • Psalm 24:2 (verbal): Speaks of God founding the earth 'upon the seas' and establishing it upon the waters—parallel language about God's establishment of the world's physical order.
  • Job 26:7 (thematic): Describes God's sovereign act in suspending and establishing the earth; resonates with the image of God fixing the places of mountains and valleys.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They rose up to the mountains, they went down to the valleys, to the place which you founded for them.
9 You set a boundary that they may not pass, so that they do not again cover the earth.

Psa.104.9 - Details

Translation

You set a boundary that they may not pass, so that they do not again cover the earth.

Original Text

גבול־ שמת בל־ יעברון בל־ ישובון לכסות הארץ׃

Morphology

  • גבול: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • שמת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • בל: PART
  • יעברון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בל: PART
  • ישובון: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • לכסות: VERB,qal,inf
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:9-10 (thematic): Creation account where God gathers the waters and lets dry land appear—establishing order and boundaries between sea and land, paralleling the Psalm’s theme of God limiting the waters.
  • Job 38:8-11 (verbal): God’s speech about shutting up the sea with doors and setting its limits so it will not pass them; closely echoes the Psalm’s language of boundaries on the waters.
  • Proverbs 8:29 (verbal): Wisdom says God assigned the sea its limit so the waters should not transgress his command—a very similar formulation about God fixing boundaries for the sea.
  • Jeremiah 5:22 (allusion): The prophet recalls God placing the sand as a boundary for the sea by a perpetual decree so it cannot pass—an image that directly echoes the Psalm’s motif of God-limited waters.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You set a boundary that they may not pass, so that they will not return to cover the earth.
10 You send forth springs into the valleys; they run between the hills;

Psa.104.10 - Details

Translation

You send forth springs into the valleys; they run between the hills;

Original Text

המשלח מעינים בנחלים בין הרים יהלכון׃

Morphology

  • המשלח: VERB,hiph,ptc,0,m,sg
  • מעינים: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • בנחלים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בין: PREP
  • הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • יהלכון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Isaiah 41:18 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language—God will 'open rivers in high places' and 'fountains in the midst of the valleys,' a close verbal/allusive parallel to Ps 104:10.
  • Deuteronomy 8:7 (thematic): Describes the Promised Land as 'a land of brooks of water, of fountains and springs' between hills—same theme of God-provided springs running in valley terrain.
  • Job 38:25-27 (thematic): God describes cutting channels for torrents and directing water to desolate places—shared theme of divine control over springs, streams, and their courses.
  • Psalm 78:15-16 (verbal): Speaks of God splitting rocks in the wilderness and bringing forth waters 'like rivers,' echoing the motif of springs and streams issued by Yahweh in rough terrain.
  • Ezekiel 47:1-12 (structural): Vision of life-giving waters flowing from the temple and forming streams that transform the landscape—structurally parallels the image of springs flowing through valleys and bringing life.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sends forth springs into the valleys; they flow between the hills.
11 they give drink to every beast of the field; the wild donkeys quench their thirst.

Psa.104.11 - Details

Translation

they give drink to every beast of the field; the wild donkeys quench their thirst.

Original Text

ישקו כל־ חיתו שדי ישברו פראים צמאם׃

Morphology

  • ישקו: VERB,qal,yiqtol,3,pl
  • כל: DET
  • חיתו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
  • שדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • פראים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • צמאם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 65:9-13 (thematic): God waters the earth so that it yields for beasts and livestock; parallels divine provision of water and sustenance for animals.
  • Psalm 147:9 (verbal): Declares that God gives food to the animals (including young ravens), a close verbal/thematic echo of God providing for beasts.
  • Job 38:39-41 (thematic): God rhetorically challenges Job about providing food for ravens and wild creatures, underscoring divine care for animals like Ps 104:11.
  • Matthew 6:26; Luke 12:24 (thematic): Jesus points to the birds of the air whom the Father feeds as evidence of God’s providential care for creatures, paralleling the psalm’s theme.
  • Proverbs 12:10 (thematic): Affirms that the righteous care for the needs of their animals, reflecting the biblical concern for providing for beasts found in Ps 104:11.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They give drink to every wild beast; the wild donkeys quench their thirst.
12 Beside them the birds of the heavens dwell; from the branches they sing.

Psa.104.12 - Details

Translation

Beside them the birds of the heavens dwell; from the branches they sing.

Original Text

עליהם עוף־ השמים ישכון מבין עפאים יתנו־ קול׃

Morphology

  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • עוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ישכון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מבין: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עפאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יתנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • קול: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:20-22 (thematic): Creation account where God commands the waters and skies to swarm with living creatures and blesses the birds—parallels Ps 104’s depiction of birds as integral parts of the created order who inhabit the trees and are sustained by God.
  • Psalm 84:3 (thematic): Speaks of the sparrow and the swallow finding a home and singing near the sanctuary—echoes Ps 104’s image of birds dwelling among the branches and giving voice in places provided for them.
  • Matthew 6:26 (thematic): Jesus’ exhortation to consider ‘the birds of the air’ who do not sow yet are fed by the Father—connects to Ps 104’s portrayal of birds living in God’s provision and care.
  • Job 39:27-30 (thematic): Job’s reflection on birds (their flight and nesting) emphasizes their God‑ordained habits and habitats, resonating with Ps 104’s focus on birds settling among the foliage as part of God’s design.
  • Isaiah 31:5 (thematic): Uses the image of hovering birds to describe God’s protection; while different in function, the verse shares the symbolic use of birds and their presence in the skies/trees to convey divine action and care as in Ps 104:12.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Beside them the birds of the heavens dwell; from the midst of the branches they sing.
13 He waters the mountains from his upper rooms; the earth is satisfied with the fruit of your works.

Psa.104.13 - Details

Translation

He waters the mountains from his upper rooms; the earth is satisfied with the fruit of your works.

Original Text

משקה הרים מעליותיו מפרי מעשיך תשבע הארץ׃

Morphology

  • משקה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • מעליותיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
  • מפרי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,constr
  • מעשיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2,ms
  • תשבע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Psalm 65:9-10 (verbal): Both verses depict God as the one who 'visits' or 'waters' the earth and causes it to yield fruit; Psalm 65 emphasizes God’s provision of rain and enrichment of the land, closely echoing the image of watering mountains and satisfying the earth.
  • Psalm 147:8 (thematic): Shares the theme of God controlling the weather—covering the heavens with clouds and preparing rain so that vegetation grows—paralleling Ps 104's picture of God supplying water to mountains and filling the earth.
  • Isaiah 55:10 (thematic): Uses the imagery of rain and snow coming from heaven to water the earth and bring forth produce, reflecting Ps 104:13’s emphasis on divine provision of water that leads to the earth’s fruitfulness.
  • Job 36:27-28 (verbal): Describes God drawing up drops of water and causing them to rain, language that parallels Ps 104’s motif of God supplying water from his chambers for the nourishment of the land.
  • Job 38:25-30 (structural): In YHWH’s speeches about controlling the waters (storehouses, measure, and channels), Job 38 presents a corpus of imagery—storehouses and sending rain—that structurally parallels Ps 104’s depiction of God dispensing water from his upper rooms to sustain the earth.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He waters the mountains from his upper rooms; the earth is satisfied with the fruit of his work.
14 He causes the grass to grow for the cattle, and vegetation for the service of man, to bring forth food from the earth;

Psa.104.14 - Details

Translation

He causes the grass to grow for the cattle, and vegetation for the service of man, to bring forth food from the earth;

Original Text

מצמיח חציר ׀ לבהמה ועשב לעבדת האדם להוציא לחם מן־ הארץ׃

Morphology

  • מצמיח: VERB,hiphil,part,3,m,sg
  • חציר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לבהמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ועשב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעבדת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • האדם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • להוציא: VERB,hiphil,inf
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מן: PREP
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:29–30 (thematic): God grants plants as food for humans and animals—early creation account of vegetation provided from the earth for living creatures, echoing Psalm’s note about grass and produce.
  • Job 38:41 (verbal): God’s provision of food for animals (ravens) — a direct divine provisioning motif similar to causing grass to grow for beasts.
  • Psalm 145:15–16 (thematic): Affirms that all creatures look to God and He gives them food—same theme of God supplying sustenance from the earth.
  • Matthew 6:26–30 (allusion): Jesus’ teaching that God feeds the birds and clothes the grass/lilies parallels the psalm’s emphasis on God’s care in providing food from the earth.
  • Isaiah 55:10 (thematic): The rain and snow cause seed to grow and bread to come forth—an agricultural image of God’s providential action producing food from the earth, resonant with Psalm 104:14.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He causes the grass to grow for the cattle, and plants for people to cultivate, that they may bring forth food from the earth,
15 wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil to make his face shine, and bread that sustains man's heart.

Psa.104.15 - Details

Translation

wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil to make his face shine, and bread that sustains man's heart.

Original Text

ויין ׀ ישמח לבב־ אנוש להצהיל פנים משמן ולחם לבב־ אנוש יסעד׃

Morphology

  • ויין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישמח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לבב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • להצהיל: VERB,hif,inf
  • פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • משמן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולחם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לבב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יסעד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:29-31 (thematic): Both passages present God's provision of plants and food for humanity as part of creation — God gives vegetation/food to sustain human life, echoing Psalm 104's listing of wine, oil, and bread as divine gifts.
  • Deuteronomy 8:7-10 (verbal): Describes the Promised Land's produce (wheat, vines/wine, olive oil, honey) using vocabulary and imagery closely parallel to Psalm 104:14-15's mention of bread, wine, and oil as blessings that sustain and gladden people.
  • Ecclesiastes 9:7 (verbal): Uses near-identical language — 'eat thy bread with joy, and drink thy wine with a merry heart' — emphasizing the idea that food and drink are God-given goods that bring gladness to the heart.
  • Isaiah 55:1-2 (thematic): Invites people to come and receive wine and milk without cost and to 'eat what is good,' reflecting the theme that God provides nourishing, joy-giving food and drink to satisfy human need and delight.
  • Psalm 65:9-13 (thematic): Portrays God as the provider of fruitful harvests and seasonal bounty that cause fields to yield and people to rejoice — a closely related theological theme of divine sustenance and resulting gladness found in Psalm 104:15.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and wine that makes glad the heart of man, oil to make his face shine, and bread that sustains his heart.
16 The trees of the LORD are full, the cedars of Lebanon that he planted;

Psa.104.16 - Details

Translation

The trees of the LORD are full, the cedars of Lebanon that he planted;

Original Text

ישבעו עצי יהוה ארזי לבנון אשר נטע׃

Morphology

  • ישבעו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • עצי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ארזי: NOUN,m,pl,cstr
  • לבנון: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • נטע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ps.1:3 (thematic): Uses the image of a tree planted by streams of water to represent life sustained and prospering—parallel to God’s well‑watered trees in Ps 104:16.
  • Jer.17:7-8 (verbal): Speaks of the blessed person as a tree planted by water whose leaf does not wither—echoes the language of being planted and well‑watered.
  • Ezek.17:22-24 (allusion): God takes a sprig from the highest cedar and plants it on a high mountain—an explicit divine planting of a cedar, paralleling ‘cedars of Lebanon which he planted.’
  • Isa.41:19 (verbal): God promises to ‘plant’ cedars (and other trees) in the wilderness—directly echoes the motif of God as planter of cedars.
  • Ps.92:12-14 (thematic): The righteous are said to flourish like trees planted in the house of the LORD and to bear fruit—similar theology of trees planted by/for Yahweh and prospering under his care.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The trees of the LORD are satisfied, the cedars of Lebanon that he planted.
17 where the birds make their nests; the stork has her home in the fir trees.

Psa.104.17 - Details

Translation

where the birds make their nests; the stork has her home in the fir trees.

Original Text

אשר־ שם צפרים יקננו חסידה ברושים ביתה׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • שם: ADV
  • צפרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יקננו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
  • חסידה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ברושים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ביתה: NOUN,m,sg,suff-3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Ps.84:3 (thematic): Uses the image of small birds finding a dwelling/nest (sparrow, swallow) — similar motif of birds’ homes as a symbol of habitation and refuge.
  • Matt.8:20 (verbal): Jesus’ saying “Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests” echoes the concrete observation that birds have nests/homes, paralleling the Psalm’s note that the stork has its nest.
  • Jer.8:7 (verbal): Mentions the stork (חסידה) by name — connects verbally and thematically to the Psalm’s reference to the stork’s dwelling and its seasonal/instinctive habits.
  • Ps.104:12 (structural): Internal parallel within the same psalm: earlier verse describes birds inhabiting the trees and singing among the branches, the broader context for v.17’s specific note about the stork’s nest in the trees.

Alternative generated candidates

  • There the birds make their nests; the stork has her home in the fir trees.
18 The high hills are for the wild goats; the rocks are a refuge for the conies.

Psa.104.18 - Details

Translation

The high hills are for the wild goats; the rocks are a refuge for the conies.

Original Text

הרים הגבהים ליעלים סלעים מחסה לשפנים׃

Morphology

  • הרים: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • הגבהים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ליעלים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • סלעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מחסה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לשפנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Job 39:1-2 (verbal): Direct reference to the mountain/wild goat (yaʿal/אַיָּל) motif—Job asks about the birthing and habits of mountain goats, echoing Psalm 104’s attention to these creatures.
  • Proverbs 30:26 (verbal): Speaks of the conies/rock-dwellers that make their homes in the rocks—closely parallels Psalm 104:18’s ‘rocks a refuge’ image for small rock-dwelling animals.
  • Psalm 18:33 (cf. 2 Samuel 22:34) (thematic): Uses the imagery of sure-footedness and being set on high places (‘feet like a deer’)—thematically related to mountain-dwelling animals and refuge on high rocky heights.
  • Job 38:39-40 (thematic): God’s ordering of wild animals in the mountains and their habits; like Psalm 104, this passage highlights God’s care and the fitting habitats of wild goats and similar creatures.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The high mountains are for the wild goats; the rocks are a refuge for the rock badgers.
19 He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows its setting.

Psa.104.19 - Details

Translation

He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows its setting.

Original Text

עשה ירח למועדים שמש ידע מבואו׃

Morphology

  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ירח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • למועדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שמש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מבואו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:14-18 (verbal): Genesis presents God making the lights in the heavens to be for signs and for seasons; Psalm 104 echoes this creation function by saying God made the moon for appointed times and the sun knows its setting.
  • Psalm 136:7-9 (verbal): A liturgical thanksgiving that praises God for making the great lights—the sun to govern the day and the moon and stars to govern the night—closely paralleling Ps.104’s language about the sun and moon.
  • Job 38:31-33 (allusion): God’s interrogation of Job about ruling the celestial order and knowing the 'ordinances of the heavens' corresponds thematically to Ps.104’s emphasis on God’s ordering of sun and moon and their appointed courses.
  • Jeremiah 31:35 (thematic): Speaks of the Lord appointing the sun for the day and the moon and stars for the night as part of God’s established order, echoing Ps.104’s claim that God made the moon for seasons.
  • Ecclesiastes 1:5 (thematic): Describes the regular rising and setting of the sun ('the sun rises and the sun goes down'), resonating with Ps.104’s image of the sun 'knowing its going down' as part of the ordered cosmos.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made the moon for the seasons; the sun knows its time for setting.
20 You make darkness, and it is night, in which all the beasts of the forest prowl.

Psa.104.20 - Details

Translation

You make darkness, and it is night, in which all the beasts of the forest prowl.

Original Text

תשת־ חשך ויהי לילה בו־ תרמש כל־ חיתו־ יער׃

Morphology

  • תשת: VERB,qal,imprf,juss,2,ms,sg
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויהי: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • תרמש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • חיתו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3ms
  • יער: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:4-5 (structural): God separates light from darkness and establishes day and night—background motif for Psalm 104’s statement that God makes darkness and night.
  • Psalm 74:16-17 (thematic): Affirms God’s sovereignty over day and night and his appointment of lights (sun, moon, stars), paralleling the theme of divine control of darkness and the rhythms of creation.
  • Job 38:19-21 (allusion): God’s interrogation about the place of light and darkness and the implied ordering of nightlife resonates with the Psalm’s depiction of night as the time when forest creatures come forth.
  • Psalm 104:22 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same psalm: verse 20 describes beasts coming forth at night, and verse 22 the sun rising and their withdrawal—two halves of the same night/day cycle.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You make darkness, and it is night, when all the beasts of the forest creep forth.
21 The young lions roar for their prey, seeking their food from God.

Psa.104.21 - Details

Translation

The young lions roar for their prey, seeking their food from God.

Original Text

הכפירים שאגים לטרף ולבקש מאל אכלם׃

Morphology

  • הכפירים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • שאגים: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
  • לטרף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולבקש: VERB,qal,inf,0,0,0
  • מאל: PREP
  • אכלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 38:39-41 (verbal): God's rhetorical questions about whether the lion roars without prey and who provides food for wild creatures closely mirror the language and theme of lions seeking food and divine provision in Ps 104:21.
  • Psalm 104:27-28 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm: these verses state that all creatures look to God for food and are satisfied when he provides, directly complementing v.21's image of lions seeking their food from God.
  • Psalm 145:15 (thematic): Declares that 'the eyes of all look to you, and you give them their food,' echoing Ps 104:21's theme that creatures (including lions) depend on God for sustenance.
  • Proverbs 30:29-31 (thematic): Lists the lion among notable creatures—powerful, bold, and undaunted—connecting to the portrayal of young lions roaring and pursuing prey in Ps 104:21.
  • Genesis 49:9 (thematic): Jacob's imagery of Judah as a 'lion's cub' returning from the prey evokes the hunting/roaring motif and the lion-as-predator image present in Ps 104:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The young lions roar for their prey, seeking their food from God.
22 When the sun rises they withdraw and lie down in their dens.

Psa.104.22 - Details

Translation

When the sun rises they withdraw and lie down in their dens.

Original Text

תזרח השמש יאספון ואל־ מעונתם ירבצון׃

Morphology

  • תזרח: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,sg
  • השמש: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • יאספון: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • מעונתם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ירבצון: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 104:20 (structural): Directly adjacent verse in the same psalm describing night as the time when forest animals emerge—sets up the contrast with v.22, where they withdraw at sunrise.
  • Psalm 104:23 (structural): Follows v.22 within the psalm and completes the day/night poem by contrasting animal withdrawal at dawn with human labour during the day.
  • Job 38:12-13 (thematic): God's challenge about commanding the dawn and fixing the bounds of light and darkness echoes the psalm's concern with the divinely ordered rhythms that control animal behaviour at sunrise.
  • Genesis 1:14-18 (thematic): The creation mandate that the sun and moon govern day and night provides a theological backdrop for Psalm 104's depiction of creatures acting according to the established day/night order.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When the sun rises they withdraw and lie down in their dens.
23 Man goes forth to his work and to his labor until the evening.

Psa.104.23 - Details

Translation

Man goes forth to his work and to his labor until the evening.

Original Text

יצא אדם לפעלו ולעבדתו עדי־ ערב׃

Morphology

  • יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפעלו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss=3,m,sg
  • ולעבדתו: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss=3,m,sg
  • עדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ערב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 2:15 (thematic): Earliest depiction of human labor as vocation—God places Adam in the garden “to work and keep it,” paralleling the Psalm’s depiction of man going out to his daily work.
  • Genesis 3:19 (allusion): After the Fall human labor becomes toil (“by the sweat of your face you shall eat bread”), connecting the Psalm’s image of people labouring until evening with the motif of sustained, often arduous work.
  • Exodus 20:9 (structural): The Decalogue’s injunction that six days one shall labour establishes the regular rhythm of human work, resonating with the Psalm’s portrayal of daily work continuing until evening.
  • Ecclesiastes 2:24 (thematic): Qohelet’s observation that there is nothing better than to enjoy the fruit of one’s labour complements the Psalm’s scene of people going out to their work under God’s provision—linking work with human sustenance and divine ordering.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Man goes forth to his work and to his labor until the evening.
24 O LORD, how manifold are your works! In wisdom you have made them all; the earth is full of your creatures.

Psa.104.24 - Details

Translation

O LORD, how manifold are your works! In wisdom you have made them all; the earth is full of your creatures.

Original Text

מה־ רבו מעשיך ׀ יהוה כלם בחכמה עשית מלאה הארץ קנינך׃

Morphology

  • מה: PRON,int
  • רבו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מעשיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2,ms
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
  • בחכמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • מלאה: ADV
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • קנינך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms

Parallels

  • Proverbs 3:19 (verbal): Attributes the founding of the earth to the LORD's wisdom—corresponds to Psalm 104:24’s declaration that God made all his works in wisdom.
  • Proverbs 8:22-31 (allusion): Personified Wisdom speaks of being present at creation and rejoicing in the inhabited earth; echoes Psalm 104’s theme of creation governed by divine wisdom and delight.
  • Genesis 1:1–31 (structural): The broad framework of divine ordering and filling of the earth in Genesis underlies Psalm 104’s celebration of God’s creative acts and the abundance of creatures.
  • Job 38:4-7 (thematic): God’s rhetorical challenge about laying the earth’s foundations and the heavenly beings’ rejoicing parallels Psalm 104’s awe at the multitude and wisdom of God’s works.
  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Both verses praise the created order as a testimony to God’s greatness—‘the heavens declare’ parallels ‘how many are your works… the earth is full of your creatures.’

Alternative generated candidates

  • O LORD, how manifold are your works! In wisdom you have made them all; the earth is full of your creatures.
25 Here is the sea, great and wide, with creatures innumerable, both small and great.

Psa.104.25 - Details

Translation

Here is the sea, great and wide, with creatures innumerable, both small and great.

Original Text

זה ׀ הים גדול ורחב ידים שם־ רמש ואין מספר חיות קטנות עם־ גדלות׃

Morphology

  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def
  • גדול: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ורחב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • שם: ADV
  • רמש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • חיות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • קטנות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • עם: PREP
  • גדלות: ADJ,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:21 (verbal): Creation of the 'great sea creatures' and the living things of the sea—parallels Psalm 104's emphasis on the sea's creatures as part of God's creative work.
  • Psalm 148:7-9 (thematic): Calls on 'sea monsters' and all deeps to praise the LORD—echoes the image of the vast sea filled with innumerable creatures that glorify God.
  • Job 38:8-11 (structural): God's act of setting boundaries for the sea ('Thus far shall you come, and no farther') complements Psalm 104's depiction of the sea's greatness under divine ordering.
  • Psalm 95:5 (thematic): Affirms that 'the sea is his, for he made it'—connects to Psalm 104's portrayal of the great, wide sea populated by countless creatures as God's handiwork.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Here is the sea, great and wide, with its creeping things innumerable, living things both small and great.
26 There go the ships, and Leviathan, whom you formed to play in it.

Psa.104.26 - Details

Translation

There go the ships, and Leviathan, whom you formed to play in it.

Original Text

שם אניות יהלכון לויתן זה־ יצרת לשחק־ בו׃

Morphology

  • שם: ADV
  • אניות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • יהלכון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לויתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • יצרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • לשחק: VERB,qal,inf
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 41 (verbal): Extended description of Leviathan as a powerful sea-monster; shares vocabulary and the motif of a creature formed by God to occupy the sea.
  • Psalm 74:14 (verbal): Speaks of God breaking/overcoming Leviathan (or Rahab) — uses the same sea‑monster imagery and the theme of God's authority over it.
  • Isaiah 27:1 (allusion): Prophetic oracle against Leviathan/the twisting serpent in the sea; alludes to the cosmic sea‑monster motif and God’s judgment/sovereignty over it.
  • Genesis 1:21 (thematic): God’s creation of the 'great sea creatures' places Leviathan within the created order and echoes the claim 'you formed' or 'you made' the sea creatures.
  • Psalm 107:23-30 (structural): Depicts ships sailing the sea and God calming or stirring the waters; parallels Psalm 104’s juxtaposition of ships and the sea‑monster under divine control.

Alternative generated candidates

  • There go the ships, and Leviathan that you formed to sport in it.
27 These all wait for you, that you may give them their food in due season.

Psa.104.27 - Details

Translation

These all wait for you, that you may give them their food in due season.

Original Text

כלם אליך ישברון לתת אכלם בעתו׃

Morphology

  • כלם: PRON,3,m,pl
  • אליך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • ישברון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לתת: VERB,qal,inf
  • אכלם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,pl
  • בעתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 145:15–16 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: “The eyes of all look to you, and you give them their food in due season,” a direct verbal parallel about God’s provision.
  • Psalm 147:9 (verbal): States that God gives food to the beasts and feeds the young ravens—closely parallel claim that God supplies animals’ needs.
  • Job 38:41 (allusion): God questions who provides for the raven when its young cry, using similar imagery of God supplying food for birds/animals.
  • Matthew 6:26 (thematic): Jesus points to the birds that are fed by the Father as an example of God’s care and provision—the same theme of creatures awaiting and receiving food from God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • These all wait for you, that you may give them their food in due season.
28 When you give to them they gather; when you open your hand they are filled with good.

Psa.104.28 - Details

Translation

When you give to them they gather; when you open your hand they are filled with good.

Original Text

תתן להם ילקטון תפתח ידך ישבעון טוב׃

Morphology

  • תתן: VERB,qal,imprf,2,_,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ילקטון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • תפתח: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ידך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss:2,f,sg
  • ישבעון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 145:16 (verbal): Uses very similar language: 'You open your hand and satisfy the desire of every living thing' — direct verbal parallel about God opening his hand to satisfy creatures.
  • Psalm 107:9 (thematic): Speaks of God satisfying the thirsty/hungry and filling the hungry with good, echoing the theme of divine provision and satisfaction.
  • Psalm 147:9 (thematic): Declares that God gives food to the animals and feeds the young ravens, another psalmic affirmation that God provides for living creatures.
  • Matthew 6:26 (thematic): Jesus points to how the Father feeds the birds ('your heavenly Father feeds them'), using the same theological theme of God's care and provision for creatures.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You give to them, they gather; you open your hand, they are filled with good.
29 When you hide your face they are dismayed; when you take away their breath they die and return to their dust.

Psa.104.29 - Details

Translation

When you hide your face they are dismayed; when you take away their breath they die and return to their dust.

Original Text

תסתיר פניך יבהלון תסף רוחם יגועון ואל־ עפרם ישובון׃

Morphology

  • תסתיר: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
  • פניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • יבהלון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • תסף: VERB,qal,impf,2,masc,sg
  • רוחם: NOUN,f,sg,suff
  • יגועון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ואל: CONJ+PREP
  • עפרם: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • ישובון: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Psalm 146:4 (verbal): Uses very similar language about the departing breath/spirit and a person’s return to the ground—echoes the same observation that life’s breath is from God and death returns one to dust.
  • Job 34:14-15 (verbal): Speaks of God taking away the spirit/breath so that all flesh would perish and return to dust, closely paralleling the causal connection between God’s action, loss of breath, and return to dust.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:7 (thematic): States that the dust returns to the earth and the spirit returns to God who gave it, thematically complementing Psalm 104:29’s link between breath/spirit, death, and returning to dust.
  • Genesis 2:7 (thematic): Describes the creation motif: formed from the dust and given the breath of life by God—provides the theological background for Psalm 104:29’s pairing of ‘breath’ and ‘dust.’

Alternative generated candidates

  • You hide your face, they are dismayed; you take away their breath, they die and return to their dust.
30 When you send forth your spirit they are created; and you renew the face of the ground.

Psa.104.30 - Details

Translation

When you send forth your spirit they are created; and you renew the face of the ground.

Original Text

תשלח רוחך יבראון ותחדש פני אדמה׃

Morphology

  • תשלח: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • רוחך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • יבראון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ותחדש: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • פני: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • אדמה: NOUN,prop,f,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 1:2 (thematic): The Spirit of God hovering over the waters at creation — parallels Psalm 104's depiction of God sending his Spirit as a creative, life-giving force.
  • Genesis 2:7 (verbal): God 'breathed into his nostrils the breath of life' — similar language of divine breath/Spirit as the immediate source of life and renewal.
  • Ezekiel 37:5-14 (allusion): God breathes/puts his spirit into dry bones so they live — a vivid parallel of the Spirit restoring and renewing life to the earth/people.
  • Job 33:4 (verbal): 'The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life' — explicit linking of Spirit/breath with creation and life, echoing Psalm 104:30.
  • Isaiah 44:3 (thematic): God promises to pour out his Spirit and to water/renew the land — thematically connected to the Spirit's role in renewing the face of the earth.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You send forth your Spirit, they are created; and you renew the face of the ground.
31 May the glory of the LORD endure forever; may the LORD rejoice in his works.

Psa.104.31 - Details

Translation

May the glory of the LORD endure forever; may the LORD rejoice in his works.

Original Text

יהי כבוד יהוה לעולם ישמח יהוה במעשיו׃

Morphology

  • יהי: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
  • כבוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ישמח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • במעשיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 72:19 (verbal): Both verses use a doxological formula celebrating the everlasting glory of God's name—Psalm 104:31 echoes the declaration that God's glory endures forever (cf. 'Blessed be his glorious name for ever').
  • Psalm 113:2 (verbal): Short liturgical blessing ('Blessed be the name of the LORD... for evermore') parallels the petition that the glory of the LORD endure forever in Ps 104:31.
  • Psalm 145:10 (thematic): Affirms that 'All your works shall praise you,' thematically matching Ps 104:31's idea of God rejoicing in his works and creation giving praise.
  • Genesis 1:31 (allusion): God's delight in creation ('God saw everything that he had made, and behold, it was very good') resonates with Ps 104:31's statement that the LORD rejoices in his works; Psalm 104 draws on creation motifs.

Alternative generated candidates

  • May the glory of the LORD endure forever; may the LORD rejoice in his works.
32 He looks on the earth and it trembles; he touches the mountains and they smoke.

Psa.104.32 - Details

Translation

He looks on the earth and it trembles; he touches the mountains and they smoke.

Original Text

המביט לארץ ותרעד יגע בהרים ויעשנו׃

Morphology

  • המביט: VERB,qal,ptcp,m,sg,def
  • לארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותרעד: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • יגע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בהרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויעשנו: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+PRON,1,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 19:18 (allusion): Describes a mountain smoking when the LORD descends in fire—echoes Ps 104:32's image of God touching the mountains and producing smoke.
  • Psalm 18:7-8 (verbal): Portrays the earth trembling and the mountains quaking at God's presence; language and imagery closely parallel Ps 104:32.
  • 2 Samuel 22:8-9 (verbal): David's song (paralleled by Psalm 18) depicts the earth reeling and smoke/devouring fire issuing from God—similar motifs of mountains trembling and smoking.
  • Nahum 1:5-6 (thematic): Speaks of mountains trembling and melting before God and all creation reacting fearfully—thematic parallel to divine sovereignty over the mountains in Ps 104:32.
  • Habakkuk 3:6 (thematic): A theophany poem where God shakes the earth and ancient mountains are moved—resonant imagery with Ps 104:32's depiction of God's impact on the mountains.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He looks on the earth and it trembles; he touches the mountains and they smoke.
33 I will sing to the LORD while I live; I will sing praise to my God while I have being.

Psa.104.33 - Details

Translation

I will sing to the LORD while I live; I will sing praise to my God while I have being.

Original Text

אשירה ליהוה בחיי אזמרה לאלהי בעודי׃

Morphology

  • אשירה: VERB,qal,impf,1,NA,sg
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • בחיי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,poss
  • אזמרה: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg
  • לאלהי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const
  • בעודי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 146:2 (verbal): Uses the same pledge to praise during life (“While I live I will praise the LORD”), closely echoing the personal vow in Ps 104:33.
  • Psalm 63:4 (verbal): Declares a similar resolution to bless and praise God while alive (“Thus will I bless thee while I live”), paralleling Ps 104:33’s commitment to sing to the LORD during life.
  • Psalm 145:2 (thematic): Affirms continual praise and blessing of God (‘Every day will I bless thee; and I will praise thy name for ever’), reflecting the ongoing worship motif of Ps 104:33.
  • Hebrews 13:15 (thematic): Calls believers to continually offer a ‘sacrifice of praise’ to God, echoing the New Testament application of persistent vocal thanksgiving found in Ps 104:33.
  • Ephesians 5:19 (thematic): Encourages ‘singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord,’ paralleling Ps 104:33’s emphasis on singing to the LORD as an expression of devotion.

Alternative generated candidates

  • I will sing to the LORD as long as I live; I will sing praise to my God while I have being.
34 May my meditation be pleasant to him; I will rejoice in the LORD.

Psa.104.34 - Details

Translation

May my meditation be pleasant to him; I will rejoice in the LORD.

Original Text

יערב עליו שיחי אנכי אשמח ביהוה׃

Morphology

  • יערב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • שיחי: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • אשמח: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • ביהוה: PREP+PN,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 19:14 (verbal): Both verses pray that the speaker’s inner thoughts/meditation be pleasing or acceptable to God (Heb. 'meditation' / 'thoughts' made acceptable to Yahweh).
  • Psalm 104:33 (structural): Immediate parallel within the same psalm: verse 33 expresses singing praise to the LORD while alive, and verse 34 continues with inward meditation and personal rejoicing—together forming the psalm’s doxological close.
  • Psalm 42:11 (thematic): Both verses address the soul’s disposition toward God—moving from distress or reflection to trust and the resolution 'hope in God... I shall again praise him' / 'I will rejoice in the LORD.'
  • Philippians 4:4 (thematic): New Testament echo of the motif of personal rejoicing in the Lord ('Rejoice in the Lord always'); both emphasize joy rooted in relationship with God rather than circumstances.

Alternative generated candidates

  • May my meditation be pleasing to him, for I rejoice in the LORD.
35 Let sinners be consumed from the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless the LORD, O my soul. Praise the LORD.

Psa.104.35 - Details

Translation

Let sinners be consumed from the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless the LORD, O my soul. Praise the LORD.

Original Text

יתמו חטאים ׀ מן־ הארץ ורשעים ׀ עוד אינם ברכי נפשי את־ יהוה הללו־ יה׃

Morphology

  • יתמו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
  • חטאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מן: PREP
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ורשעים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עוד: ADV
  • אינם: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • ברכי: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • נפשי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • הללו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • יה: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 34:16 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD opposing evildoers and cutting off their memory from the earth—parallel theme of sinners being removed from the land.
  • Psalm 37:9-10 (thematic): States that evildoers will be cut off and not endure, contrasting the fate of the wicked with the righteous—echoes the petition that sinners be no more.
  • Psalm 101:8 (verbal): A vow to cut off the wicked from the land—language and intent closely mirror the demand that sinners be consumed from the earth.
  • Psalm 103:1 (verbal): Contains the exact summons 'Bless the LORD, O my soul,' which Psalm 104:35 repeats as a concluding doxology.
  • Psalm 104:31-33 (structural): The immediate context: the psalm’s concluding affirmation of God's glory and a doxological close (including 'Bless the LORD, O my soul; Hallelujah'), paralleling v.35's final praise.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Let sinners be consumed from the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless the LORD, O my soul. Hallelujah.
1 Give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples.

Psa.105.1 - Details

Translation

Give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples.

Original Text

הודו ליהוה קראו בשמו הודיעו בעמים עלילותיו׃

Morphology

  • הודו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • קראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בשמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • הודיעו: VERB,hiph,impv,2,m,pl
  • בעמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • עלילותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Chronicles 16:8 (quotation): The opening line is repeated almost verbatim in David's liturgical song: 'Give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples.' (direct liturgical quotation).
  • Isaiah 12:4 (verbal): Uses nearly identical wording ('Give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples'), showing a shared liturgical/poetic formula.
  • Psalm 96:3 (verbal): A close verbal and thematic parallel urging the declaration of God's glory and marvelous works among the nations/peoples.
  • Psalm 78:4 (thematic): Shares the theme of transmitting and proclaiming the LORD's deeds to others and future generations ('telling to the coming generation the glorious deeds of the LORD'), aligning with the call to make his acts known among the peoples.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • Give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples.
2 Sing to him, sing praises to him; tell of all his wondrous works.

Psa.105.2 - Details

Translation

Sing to him, sing praises to him; tell of all his wondrous works.

Original Text

שירו־ לו זמרו־ לו שיחו בכל־ נפלאותיו׃

Morphology

  • שירו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • זמרו: VERB,qal,imp,2,mp
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • שיחו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+suff3,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נפלאותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ps.98:1 (verbal): Both open with a command to sing to the LORD because he has done 'marvelous/wondrous things' (sing... for he has done marvelous things), closely paralleling the call to praise and to speak of God's wonders.
  • Ps.96:1-3 (verbal): Commands to 'Sing to the LORD' and to 'tell/proclaim' his salvation and 'marvelous deeds among the nations' mirror Ps 105:2's injunction to sing and speak of all his wondrous works.
  • 1 Chr.16:23-24 (verbal): David's liturgical thanksgiving repeats the same liturgical motive—'Sing to the LORD... declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous deeds among all peoples'—using language very close to Psalm 105:2.
  • Ps.9:11 (verbal): A call to 'Sing praises to the LORD... proclaim among the peoples his deeds' paralleling both the exhortation to sing and the mandate to recount God's acts.
  • Ps.145:4 (thematic): Encourages one generation to tell another of the LORD's works and to speak of his glorious deeds—thematic emphasis on recounting God's wondrous acts akin to Ps 105:2.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Sing to him, sing praises to him; tell of all his wondrous works.
3 Glory in his holy name; let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice.

Psa.105.3 - Details

Translation

Glory in his holy name; let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice.

Original Text

התהללו בשם קדשו ישמח לב ׀ מבקשי יהוה׃

Morphology

  • התהללו: VERB,hitpael,imp,2,m,pl
  • בשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • ישמח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מבקשי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 34:3 (verbal): Commands to 'magnify/exalt the LORD' and 'praise his name' parallel the call to glory in God's name—shared language of praising and exalting God's name.
  • Psalm 96:2 (verbal): 'Sing to the LORD, bless his name' echoes the summons to celebrate and glorify God's name, a close verbal/thematic parallel about praising God's name.
  • Psalm 70:4 (verbal): 'May all who seek you rejoice and be glad in you' closely parallels 'let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice'—nearly identical theme and wording.
  • Psalm 33:21 (thematic): 'Our heart shall rejoice in him, because we trust in his holy name' connects the themes of rejoicing and trust tied to God's 'holy name,' echoing both key motifs of Ps 105:3.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Glory in his holy name; let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice.
4 Seek the LORD and his strength; seek his face continually.

Psa.105.4 - Details

Translation

Seek the LORD and his strength; seek his face continually.

Original Text

דרשו יהוה ועזו בקשו פניו תמיד׃

Morphology

  • דרשו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ועזו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בקשו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • פניו: NOUN,m,pl,cons+3,m,sg
  • תמיד: ADV

Parallels

  • 1 Chronicles 16:11 (quotation): Almost identical wording — an explicit exhortation to seek the LORD and his strength and to seek his face continually (direct verbal/quotational parallel).
  • Psalm 27:8 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'Seek his face' as a personal summons to pursue God's presence, echoing the Psalm 105 injunction to seek the LORD continually.
  • Jeremiah 29:13 (thematic): Promises that those who seek God with all their heart will find him — shares the theme of earnest, wholehearted seeking of the LORD found in Ps 105:4.
  • Deuteronomy 4:29 (thematic): Calls for seeking the LORD (especially in distress/exile) with the expectation of finding him, reflecting the covenantal instruction and theme of seeking God in Ps 105:4.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Seek the LORD and his strength; seek his presence continually.
5 Remember the wonders he has done, his signs, and the judgments of his mouth.

Psa.105.5 - Details

Translation

Remember the wonders he has done, his signs, and the judgments of his mouth.

Original Text

זכרו נפלאותיו אשר־ עשה מפתיו ומשפטי־ פיו׃

Morphology

  • זכרו: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,pl
  • נפלאותיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מפתיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
  • ומשפטי: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • פיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:4–7 (thematic): Like Ps 105:5, these verses urge recounting the Lord’s wondrous works and teaching them to the next generation so they would trust God — same memorial/teaching impulse about God’s acts.
  • Psalm 107:15 (verbal): Explicitly calls for praise for God’s goodness 'and for his wonderful works,' echoing the language and call to remember God’s wonders in Ps 105:5.
  • Psalm 111:2 (verbal): 'Great are the works of the LORD' parallels Ps 105:5’s 'remember his wonderful works,' both highlighting the greatness and study-worthy nature of God’s deeds.
  • Deuteronomy 7:19 (thematic): Describes the 'signs and wonders' the Israelites saw in the land — a forensic/commemorative tradition of recalling God’s mighty acts that Ps 105:5 also summons.
  • Psalm 119:160 (verbal): Uses the term משפטיך ('your ordinances/judgments'), paralleling Ps 105:5’s 'judgments of his mouth' and connecting the idea of God’s spoken/established decisions with enduring divine statutes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Remember the wondrous works that he has done, his miracles and the judgments of his mouth,
6 O offspring of Abraham his servant, O sons of Jacob, his chosen ones.

Psa.105.6 - Details

Translation

O offspring of Abraham his servant, O sons of Jacob, his chosen ones.

Original Text

זרע אברהם עבדו בני יעקב בחיריו׃

Morphology

  • זרע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • יעקב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בחיריו: NOUN,m,pl,poss3ms

Parallels

  • Genesis 12:2-3 (thematic): God's promise to make Abraham's offspring a great nation and to bless all nations through his seed — foundational background for calling Israel the 'seed of Abraham.'
  • Genesis 17:7 (allusion): The covenant formula 'I will be a God to you and your offspring' establishes the perpetual relationship with Abraham's seed, underpinning the idea of his descendants as chosen.
  • Deuteronomy 7:6 (thematic): Declares Israel to be a holy, chosen people of the LORD — parallels the designation of Jacob's children as God's 'chosen.'
  • Psalm 105:8-11 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm recounts God's covenant, oath, and the grant of the land to Abraham's descendants, directly explicating 'seed of Abraham' and 'children of Jacob his chosen.'
  • Galatians 3:29 (verbal): New Testament application identifying believers as 'Abraham's seed' and heirs of the promise, echoing and reinterpreting the concept of descent and chosenness.

Alternative generated candidates

  • O seed of Abraham his servant, O children of Jacob, his chosen ones.
7 He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth.

Psa.105.7 - Details

Translation

He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth.

Original Text

הוא יהוה אלהינו בכל־ הארץ משפטיו׃

Morphology

  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • משפטיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:4 (thematic): Affirms God’s perfect justice and righteousness—like Psalm 105:7’s claim that the LORD’s judgments/ordinances govern the earth.
  • Psalm 103:19 (thematic): Declares the LORD’s throne and kingdom rule over all, a parallel assertion of God’s universal authority underlying his judgments 'in all the earth.'
  • Psalm 98:9 (verbal): Speaks of God coming 'to judge the earth' and judging the world with righteousness—closely related language and theme to 'his judgments are in all the earth.'
  • Psalm 119:160 (verbal): Affirms that the sum of God’s word/righteous rules endures forever, paralleling the idea that God’s statutes/judgments have authoritative, widespread validity.
  • Acts 17:31 (allusion): New Testament statement that God has fixed a day to judge the world in righteousness—an NT echo of the OT theme that God’s judgment/justice extends over the whole earth.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth.
8 He remembers his covenant forever, the word that he commanded, for a thousand generations.

Psa.105.8 - Details

Translation

He remembers his covenant forever, the word that he commanded, for a thousand generations.

Original Text

זכר לעולם בריתו דבר צוה לאלף דור׃

Morphology

  • זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בריתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צוה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לאלף: NUM,m,sg
  • דור: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Chronicles 16:15 (quotation): Almost verbatim repetition of Psalm 105:8 — 'Remember his covenant for ever, the word which he commanded to a thousand generations,' showing deliberate liturgical/psalmic reuse.
  • Deuteronomy 7:9 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'to a thousand generations' in the context of God's faithfulness in keeping covenant and steadfast love, echoing the temporal scope of the covenant language in Ps 105:8.
  • Psalm 106:45 (thematic): Speaks of God 'remembering his covenant' on behalf of Israel in response to distress — closely parallels the theme of divine remembrance and covenantal fidelity in Ps 105:8.
  • Exodus 34:6–7 (allusion): Declares God's steadfast love, mercy, and forgiveness across generations ('keeping mercy for thousands'), thematically linked to the covenantal faithfulness and long-term promises invoked in Ps 105:8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He remembers his covenant forever, the word that he commanded for a thousand generations,
9 The covenant that he made with Abraham, his sworn promise to Isaac.

Psa.105.9 - Details

Translation

The covenant that he made with Abraham, his sworn promise to Isaac.

Original Text

אשר כרת את־ אברהם ושבועתו לישחק׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • כרת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ושבועתו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,ms
  • לישחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:7 (verbal): God establishes an everlasting covenant with Abraham and his offspring—language echoing Psalm 105's reference to God 'cutting' a covenant with Abraham.
  • Genesis 26:3-4 (verbal): God repeats to Isaac the promises made to Abraham, explicitly transferring the covenantal promise to Isaac and his descendants, matching Psalm 105's mention of the oath to Isaac.
  • Genesis 22:16-18 (allusion): After Abraham's testing God reiterates the oath/blessing that his offspring will be numerous and blessed—this passage undergirds Psalm 105's summary of the patriarchal covenantal promises.
  • Hebrews 6:13 (allusion): The NT recalls God's promise and oath to Abraham (God swore by Himself), echoing the Old Testament motif of God's covenantal oath highlighted in Psalm 105:9.

Alternative generated candidates

  • the covenant that he made with Abraham, his sworn promise to Isaac.
10 And he confirmed it to Jacob as a statute, to Israel as an everlasting covenant:

Psa.105.10 - Details

Translation

And he confirmed it to Jacob as a statute, to Israel as an everlasting covenant:

Original Text

ויעמידה ליעקב לחק לישראל ברית עולם׃

Morphology

  • ויעמידה: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,sg
  • ליעקב: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • לחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לישראל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:7 (verbal): God's promise of an 'everlasting covenant' with Abraham and his descendants — same language and covenantal concept echoed about Jacob/Israel.
  • Genesis 28:13-15 (allusion): God's promise to Jacob concerning land, seed, and divine presence; Psalm 105 recalls God's establishment of the covenant given to Jacob.
  • Exodus 31:16 (thematic): Speaks of the Sabbath as a 'perpetual/everlasting covenant' between the LORD and Israel, paralleling the idea of a lasting covenant made with Israel.
  • Leviticus 26:42 (verbal): God declares He will 'remember my covenant with Jacob,' explicitly linking covenantal faithfulness to Jacob/Israel as Psalm 105 does.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He established it to Jacob as a statute, to Israel as an everlasting covenant,
11 saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan as your allotted inheritance.”

Psa.105.11 - Details

Translation

saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan as your allotted inheritance.”

Original Text

לאמר לך אתן את־ ארץ־ כנען חבל נחלתכם׃

Morphology

  • לאמר: INF,qal,infc
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • אתן: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חבל: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
  • נחלתכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Genesis 12:7 (verbal): God's promise to Abram: 'To your offspring I will give this land'—an early articulation of the Canaan-land promise echoed in Ps 105:11.
  • Genesis 15:18 (structural): The covenant of the pieces spells out the boundaries and legal grant of the land to Abraham's descendants, providing the covenantal framework behind the psalm's claim.
  • Genesis 17:8 (verbal): God's pledge: 'I will give to you and to your offspring... the land of Canaan as an everlasting possession'—language closely parallel to the psalm's promise.
  • Exodus 6:8 (verbal): YHWH's pledge in the exodus tradition: 'I will bring you into the land... I will give it to you for a heritage,' echoing the promise of giving Canaan found in Ps 105:11.
  • Joshua 1:3 (thematic): God's commission to Joshua—'Every place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon I have given to you'—reflects the fulfillment theme of the covenantal land grant celebrated in the psalm.

Alternative generated candidates

  • saying, 'To you I will give the land of Canaan, as your portion for an inheritance.'
12 When they were few in number and sojourners in it,

Psa.105.12 - Details

Translation

When they were few in number and sojourners in it,

Original Text

בהיותם מתי מספר כמעט וגרים בה׃

Morphology

  • בהיותם: PREP+VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,pl
  • מתי: ADV,int
  • מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • כמעט: ADV
  • וגרים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 46:27 (structural): Records the original number of Jacob's household who went down to Egypt (seventy), providing the historical context to Psalm 105's remark that they were few in number when they sojourned there.
  • Deuteronomy 10:22 (thematic): Contrasts Israel's humble beginning—'your ancestors went down to Egypt with seventy persons'—with God's later blessing in making them numerous; echoes Psalm 105's theme of small beginnings and divine faithfulness.
  • Genesis 15:13 (allusion): God's promise to Abraham that his offspring will be 'strangers in a land that is not theirs' parallels Psalm 105's reference to Israel as sojourners/strangers during their time in Egypt.
  • Acts 7:14 (structural): Stephen's speech recounts Joseph bringing his family to Egypt (noting the small number—seventy‑five in his account), a New Testament retelling of the same event that Psalm 105 recalls as 'few in number.'

Alternative generated candidates

  • When they were few in number and strangers in it,
13 wandering from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people,

Psa.105.13 - Details

Translation

wandering from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people,

Original Text

ויתהלכו מגוי אל־ גוי מממלכה אל־ עם אחר׃

Morphology

  • ויתהלכו: CONJ+VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
  • מגוי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • גוי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מממלכה: PREP,NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • עם: PREP
  • אחר: PREP

Parallels

  • Genesis 12:1-5 (thematic): Abram’s call and journey out of his country into other lands echoes the Psalm’s image of movement “from nation to nation,” emphasizing patriarchal migration and sojourning.
  • Deuteronomy 26:5 (verbal): “A wandering Aramean was my father” uses the same motif of ancestral wandering among peoples and nations, a concise legal/ritual recollection akin to the Psalm’s line.
  • Acts 7:2-4 (quotation): Stephen recounts Abraham’s departure from Mesopotamia and subsequent sojourns, directly echoing the patriarchal migration theme the Psalm summarizes.
  • 1 Chronicles 16:8-36 (structural): David’s thanksgiving-song in 1 Chronicles largely incorporates Psalm 105 material (with minor variants), so the depiction of moving “from nation to nation” appears in this parallel liturgical context.

Alternative generated candidates

  • wandering from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people,
14 he permitted no one to oppress them; he reproved kings for their sake,

Psa.105.14 - Details

Translation

he permitted no one to oppress them; he reproved kings for their sake,

Original Text

לא־ הניח אדם לעשקם ויוכח עליהם מלכים׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • הניח: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעשקם: PREP+VERB,qal,inf,3,m,pl
  • ויוכח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • מלכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 20:3-7 (allusion): God appears to Abimelech in a dream and rebukes him for taking Sarah, a direct narrative example of God 'reproving kings' to protect Abraham's family, echoing Psalm 105:14.
  • Genesis 12:17 (verbal): 'The LORD afflicted Pharaoh and his house because of Sarah'—God acts against a ruler for Abram's sake, a close verbal/thematic parallel to preventing harm and rebuking kings.
  • Exodus 14:4 (thematic): God judges and defeats Pharaoh to vindicate Israel ('that I may get me honor upon Pharaoh'), reflecting the theme of God opposing rulers who oppress His people.
  • Psalm 146:7-9 (thematic): Affirms God's care for the oppressed and opposition to unjust rulers ('which executeth judgment for the oppressed...bringeth down the mighty'), thematically parallel to God preventing harm and reproving kings on Israel's behalf.

Alternative generated candidates

  • he permitted no one to oppress them; he reproved kings for their sake,
15 saying, “Touch not my anointed, and do my prophets no harm.”

Psa.105.15 - Details

Translation

saying, “Touch not my anointed, and do my prophets no harm.”

Original Text

אל־ תגעו במשיחי ולנביאי אל־ תרעו׃

Morphology

  • אל: NEG
  • תגעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • במשיחי: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,1cs
  • ולנביאי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,1cs
  • אל: NEG
  • תרעו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • 1 Chronicles 16:22 (quotation): Direct repetition of Ps 105:15 in the parallel liturgical text in 1 Chr 16 (’Do not touch my anointed ones…’).
  • 1 Samuel 24:6 (verbal): David refuses to harm Saul, calling him the LORD’s anointed—echoes the prohibition against touching God’s anointed.
  • 1 Samuel 26:9–11 (verbal): Again David restrains his men from harming Saul, grounding his restraint in Saul’s status as the LORD’s anointed, paralleling the psalm’s injunction.
  • Exodus 22:28 (thematic): A legal prohibition against cursing or reviling rulers of the people; thematically related to prohibiting harm or abuse of those in God‑ordained authority.

Alternative generated candidates

  • saying, 'Do not touch my anointed ones, and do my prophets no harm.'
16 He called a famine upon the land and broke every staff of bread.

Psa.105.16 - Details

Translation

He called a famine upon the land and broke every staff of bread.

Original Text

ויקרא רעב על־ הארץ כל־ מטה־ לחם שבר׃

Morphology

  • ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • רעב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • כל: DET
  • מטה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לחם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 41:54-57 (structural): Same narrative episode—famine over all the earth and Egypt preserved by Joseph’s grain stores; Psalm 105 recounts this history (the calling of famine and its consequences).
  • Genesis 12:10 (verbal): Uses the same language of a famine in the land (וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ); thematically parallel as an instance of famine prompting migration and divine testing.
  • Genesis 26:1 (verbal): Another occurrence of the phrase ‘there was a famine in the land’ during the patriarchal narratives (Isaac’s time), emphasizing recurring motif of famine in Israel’s story.
  • Amos 4:6 (thematic): God’s punitive sending of scarcity—‘I gave you cleanness of teeth… and lack of bread’—portrays famine as a divine act of judgment, echoing Psalm 105’s portrayal of God calling famine on the land.
  • Joel 1:10-12 (thematic): Graphic description of fields and produce ruined and people lacking food; thematically parallels the consequences of famine called upon the land in Psalm 105.

Alternative generated candidates

  • When he summoned a famine on the land and broke every staff of bread,
17 He sent before them a man—Joseph— who was sold as a slave.

Psa.105.17 - Details

Translation

He sent before them a man—Joseph— who was sold as a slave.

Original Text

שלח לפניהם איש לעבד נמכר יוסף׃

Morphology

  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לפניהם: PREP,3,m,pl
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעבד: VERB,qal,inf
  • נמכר: VERB,nip,perf,3,m,sg
  • יוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 37:28 (verbal): The narrative account of Joseph being lifted out of the pit and sold by his brothers—directly parallels the Psalm’s note that Joseph was sold as a servant.
  • Genesis 39:1 (thematic): Reports that Joseph was sold into Egypt and became a servant in Potiphar’s house, echoing the Psalm’s summary of Joseph’s servitude after being sent ahead.
  • Genesis 45:4-8 (verbal): Joseph tells his brothers that God sent him before them to preserve life—language and theological purpose mirror the Psalm’s ‘sent before them, even Joseph.’
  • Genesis 50:20 (thematic): Joseph interprets his suffering and sale as part of God’s providential plan to save lives; this theme underlies the Psalm’s presentation of Joseph’s sale as part of God’s ordering.
  • Acts 7:9-10 (quotation): In Stephen’s speech the sale of Joseph and God’s subsequent deliverance and exaltation of him in Egypt are recounted—an early Christian retelling that echoes the Psalm’s summary of the same events.

Alternative generated candidates

  • he sent a man before them—Joseph—who was sold as a slave.
18 They hurt his feet with fetters; his neck they put in a collar of iron;

Psa.105.18 - Details

Translation

They hurt his feet with fetters; his neck they put in a collar of iron;

Original Text

ענו בכבל רגלו ברזל באה נפשו׃

Morphology

  • ענו: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl
  • בכבל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רגלו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m
  • ברזל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • באה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • נפשו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 39:20 (verbal): Joseph is placed in the prison “where the king's prisoners were bound,” a close verbal and situational parallel to the image of fetters and irons in Ps 105:18.
  • Genesis 37:28 (thematic): Joseph is sold to the Midianites/merchant caravan; this sale initiates the period of suffering and bondage that Ps 105:18 summarizes.
  • Acts 7:9-10 (allusion): Stephen's retelling notes that Joseph was sold by his brothers and that God delivered him out of all his afflictions—echoing the Psalm’s focus on Joseph’s imprisonment and ultimate divine vindication.
  • Psalm 105:17-19 (structural): Immediate context within the same psalm: verse 17 mentions Joseph’s sale, verse 18 describes his fetters, and verse 19 speaks of God’s timing—together forming the unit to which Ps 105:18 belongs.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They bruised his feet with fetters; his neck was put in a collar of iron;
19 until what he had said came to pass, the word of the LORD tested him.

Psa.105.19 - Details

Translation

until what he had said came to pass, the word of the LORD tested him.

Original Text

עד־ עת בא־ דברו אמרת יהוה צרפתהו׃

Morphology

  • עד: PREP
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms
  • אמרת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • צרפתהו: VERB,piel,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 41:14-16 (verbal): Pharaoh sent for Joseph and he was brought out of prison; Joseph explicitly attributes the answer to God—parallels ‘until the time that his word came’ when God’s intervention released Joseph.
  • Genesis 39:20-23 (thematic): Joseph is thrown into prison yet ‘the LORD was with Joseph and showed him mercy,’ reflecting the theme of divine testing/refinement and God’s sustaining presence during his trial.
  • Acts 7:9-10 (quotation): Stephen recounts Joseph’s mistreatment and God’s rescue — a New Testament retelling that echoes Psalm 105’s summary of Joseph’s suffering ‘until the time’ of God’s deliverance.
  • Psalm 105:17-22 (structural): Immediate context within the same psalm recounts Joseph’s affliction, imprisonment, and eventual exaltation; verse 19 functions as the climactic statement tying those events to God’s word/testing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • until what he had said came to pass, the word of the LORD tested him.
20 The king sent and released him; the ruler of peoples set him free,

Psa.105.20 - Details

Translation

The king sent and released him; the ruler of peoples set him free,

Original Text

שלח מלך ויתירהו משל עמים ויפתחהו׃

Morphology

  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ויתירהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • משל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
  • ויפתחהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 37:28 (verbal): The original narrative of Joseph being sold into Egypt by his brothers — the event Psalm 105 recalls when describing Joseph's removal and sale.
  • Genesis 39:20-21 (thematic): Joseph is imprisoned after Potiphar's wife's charge and the LORD is with him; connects to the motif of Joseph's suffering and God's providential care in the psalm.
  • Genesis 41:41-43 (thematic): Pharaoh elevates Joseph to be ruler over Egypt; parallels the psalm's emphasis on Joseph being set over nations/placed in authority.
  • Acts 7:9-10 (quotation): Stephen's retelling of the patriarchs selling Joseph and God's deliverance echoes the same episode Psalm 105 commemorates and cites its themes of persecution and vindication.
  • Psalm 105:17-22 (structural): Immediate literary context within the psalm recounts the Joseph episode; v.20 is part of this unit retelling sale, suffering, and elevation.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The king sent and released him; the ruler of peoples set him free.
21 made him lord of his house and ruler of all his possessions,

Psa.105.21 - Details

Translation

made him lord of his house and ruler of all his possessions,

Original Text

שמו אדון לביתו ומשל בכל־ קנינו׃

Morphology

  • שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • אדון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לביתו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,cs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ומשל: CONJ+PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קנינו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1,pl

Parallels

  • Genesis 39:4 (verbal): Potiphar 'made Joseph overseer of his house'—the same language and role as Psalm's 'made him lord of his house.'
  • Genesis 41:41-44 (verbal): Pharaoh appoints Joseph 'ruler over all the land of Egypt,' directly paralleling the psalm's statement that God made him ruler over all his possessions.
  • Acts 7:10-11 (thematic): Stephen's retelling: God gave Joseph 'favor and wisdom' and made him governor of Egypt—a New Testament summary alluding to the same divine exaltation recounted in the psalm.
  • Genesis 47:6 (verbal): Pharaoh's declaration that Joseph shall be 'over my house' and that 'all my people are ruled' echoes the psalm's depiction of Joseph's elevation to rulership over house and possessions.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made him lord of his house and ruler of all his possessions,
22 to bind his princes at his pleasure and to teach his elders wisdom.

Psa.105.22 - Details

Translation

to bind his princes at his pleasure and to teach his elders wisdom.

Original Text

לאסר שריו בנפשו וזקניו יחכם׃

Morphology

  • לאסר: VERB,qal,inf
  • שריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss3m
  • בנפשו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • וזקניו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3ms
  • יחכם: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 41:41-44 (verbal): Narrative account of Pharaoh making Joseph ruler over Egypt — language and actions (vesting authority, rulership over house/land) parallel the psalm’s depiction of Joseph’s elevation and control over princes.
  • Genesis 41:40 (verbal): Pharaoh’s commissioning of Joseph (“thou shalt be over my house…all my people shall be ruled according to thy word”) echoes the psalm’s theme of appointing and empowering Joseph over rulers.
  • Acts 7:9-10 (allusion): Stephen’s retelling of Joseph’s life: God gave Joseph favour, wisdom, and made him governor — a New Testament summary that alludes to the same elevation celebrated in the psalm.
  • Psalm 105:20-21 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm recounting Joseph’s testing, release, and the king sending him — these verses form the direct narrative context for v.22’s statement about binding princes and teaching elders.
  • Proverbs 8:15 (thematic): Wisdom’s role in legitimizing rulers (“By me kings reign, and princes decree justice”) thematically parallels the psalm’s linking of God’s action with placing and instructing rulers (the psalm speaks of teaching elders wisdom).

Alternative generated candidates

  • to instruct his officials at his pleasure and to teach his elders wisdom.
23 Israel came into Egypt; Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.

Psa.105.23 - Details

Translation

Israel came into Egypt; Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.

Original Text

ויבא ישראל מצרים ויעקב גר בארץ־ חם׃

Morphology

  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ויעקב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • חם: ADJ,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 1:1 (verbal): Directly parallels the same report of Israel's entry into Egypt—'These are the names of the children of Israel who came into Egypt; with Jacob...'. Psalm 105 summarizes this arrival.
  • Genesis 46:1-7 (structural): Narrative account of Jacob/Israel's journey and arrival in Egypt (Goshen). Psalm 105 compresses this larger Genesis narrative into a summary statement.
  • Genesis 46:27 (verbal): Explicitly states 'all the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt,' echoing the Psalm's wording about Israel coming into Egypt and Jacob sojourning there.
  • Acts 7:13-14 (quotation): Stephen's retelling of the patriarchs' descent into Egypt echoes the same tradition—'then there came a famine... and Jacob and our fathers went down into Egypt'—reflecting the Psalm's summary of that event.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Israel came to Egypt; Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.
24 And he made his people exceedingly fruitful; he made them stronger than their foes.

Psa.105.24 - Details

Translation

And he made his people exceedingly fruitful; he made them stronger than their foes.

Original Text

ויפר את־ עמו מאד ויעצמהו מצריו׃

Morphology

  • ויפר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מאד: ADV
  • ויעצמהו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:3,m,sg
  • מצריו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 1:7 (verbal): States that the Israelites were fruitful, multiplied greatly, and became numerous and mighty in the land—direct verbal and thematic parallel to God increasing His people and making them strong.
  • Genesis 47:27 (verbal): Reports that Israel lived in Egypt, acquired possessions, and 'were fruitful and increased exceedingly'—echoes the Psalm's language about God's enlargement of His people in Egypt.
  • Exodus 1:9-10 (thematic): Pharaoh observes that the Israelites have become more numerous and mightier than the Egyptians, prompting plans to oppress them—connects to the Psalm's note that God made His people strong, a reality that provoked Egyptian fear and oppression.
  • Acts 7:17 (quotation): In Stephen’s speech the historian recounts that 'as the time of the promise drew near...the people increased and multiplied in Egypt,' echoing the same tradition of God enlarging Israel preserved from Genesis/Exodus and cited in the Psalms.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made his people very fruitful, and made them stronger than their foes.
25 He turned their hearts to hate his people, to deal craftily with his servants.

Psa.105.25 - Details

Translation

He turned their hearts to hate his people, to deal craftily with his servants.

Original Text

הפך לבם לשנא עמו להתנכל בעבדיו׃

Morphology

  • הפך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לבם: NOUN,m,sg,poss
  • לשנא: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • להתנכל: PREP+VERB,hitpael,inf
  • בעבדיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+suff-3ms

Parallels

  • Exodus 7:3 (quotation): God declares he will harden Pharaoh's heart—an explicit statement of divine action turning Egyptian resistance, paralleling 'He turned their heart' in the psalm.
  • Exodus 9:12 (verbal): Narrative report that 'the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart,' echoing the Psalm's claim that God turned hearts against his people.
  • Exodus 14:4 (verbal): God says he will harden Pharaoh's heart so Pharaoh will pursue Israel—similar causal role ascribed to God in making Egyptians hostile.
  • Joshua 11:20 (thematic): States that the LORD hardened the hearts of Canaanite kings to fight Israel so they could be destroyed—parallel theme of God turning others' hearts to act against his people for divine purposes.
  • Romans 9:17–18 (allusion): Paul cites God's raising up Pharaoh and hardening him to display divine power—New Testament theological reflection on the same motif of God directing others' hearts against Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He turned their heart to hate his people, to deal craftily with his servants.
26 He sent Moses his servant, and Aaron whom he had chosen.

Psa.105.26 - Details

Translation

He sent Moses his servant, and Aaron whom he had chosen.

Original Text

שלח משה עבדו אהרן אשר בחר־ בו׃

Morphology

  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • אהרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בחר: VERB,qal,perf,3,ms
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:10 (allusion): God commissions Moses to go to Pharaoh — parallels Psalm’s statement that God 'sent Moses his servant'.
  • Exodus 7:1 (verbal): God declares Aaron will serve as Moses’ spokesman ('Aaron your brother shall be your prophet'), echoing 'Aaron whom he chose'.
  • Numbers 12:7 (verbal): God’s defense of Moses: 'Not so with my servant Moses' — directly echoes the designation of Moses as God's servant in the psalm.
  • Hebrews 3:2 (thematic): New Testament affirmation that Moses was faithful to the one who appointed him, reflecting the psalm’s portrayal of Moses as God’s chosen servant.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sent Moses his servant, and Aaron whom he had chosen.
27 They performed his signs among them and wonders in the land of Ham.

Psa.105.27 - Details

Translation

They performed his signs among them and wonders in the land of Ham.

Original Text

שמו־ בם דברי אתותיו ומפתים בארץ חם׃

Morphology

  • שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • דברי: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,1,c,sg
  • אתותיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3ms
  • ומפתים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • חם: ADJ,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 7:3 (verbal): God says He will multiply His 'signs and wonders in the land of Egypt'—language nearly identical to Ps 105:27, describing the plagues/wonders in Ham (Egypt).
  • Psalm 78:43 (verbal): Psalm 78 retells Israel's story and uses similar wording about signs/wonders performed in Egypt, parallelizing the same historical tradition found in Ps 105:27.
  • Acts 7:36 (verbal): Stephen's speech recounts Moses 'bringing them out, performing wonders and signs in Egypt,' echoing the phrase and theme of divine signs in the land of Ham.
  • Psalm 136:10-12 (thematic): This thanksgiving psalm recounts the striking of Egypt and the deliverance of Israel—the same series of redemptive acts and miraculous deeds summarized by Ps 105:27.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They performed his signs among them and wonders in the land of Ham.
28 He sent darkness, and made it dark; they did not rebel against his words.

Psa.105.28 - Details

Translation

He sent darkness, and made it dark; they did not rebel against his words.

Original Text

שלח חשך ויחשך ולא־ מרו את־ דברו׃

Morphology

  • שלח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויחשך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • מרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl,m
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דברו: INF,qal,inf+3ms

Parallels

  • Exodus 10:21-23 (quotation): Direct narrative parallel — the plague of darkness sent over Egypt is narrated in Exodus (thick darkness for three days); Psalm 105:28 summarizes this same event ('He sent darkness...').
  • Isaiah 45:7 (verbal): God's self‑description 'I form the light, and create darkness' echoes the theological claim that God actively sends/creates darkness, matching the wording and theme in Psalm 105:28.
  • Joel 2:2 (thematic): The prophetic image of a 'day of darkness and gloom' (the day of the LORD) reflects the motif of divine‑sent darkness as judgment found in Psalm 105:28.
  • Matthew 27:45 (thematic): The darkness over the land at Jesus' crucifixion recalls the OT motif of God causing darkness at momentous or judgmental acts, echoing Psalm 105's account of darkness sent by God.
  • Revelation 16:10 (thematic): An apocalyptic instance of divinely‑sent darkness as punishment ('the kingdom of the beast was full of darkness') that echoes the OT/Judgment motif expressed in Psalm 105:28.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He sent darkness as a covering, and made the land dark with his night.
29 He turned their waters into blood and killed their fish.

Psa.105.29 - Details

Translation

He turned their waters into blood and killed their fish.

Original Text

הפך את־ מימיהם לדם וימת את־ דגתם׃

Morphology

  • הפך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • מימיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • לדם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וימת: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דגתם: NOUN,m,pl,pr

Parallels

  • Exodus 7:20-21 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel — Moses/Aaron turn the Nile and other waters to blood and the fish die, the event Ps.105:29 summarizes.
  • Exodus 7:14-24 (structural): Broader account of the first plague in Egypt; provides the narrative context that Psalm 105 is recounting.
  • Psalm 78:44 (thematic): Another psalmic retelling of the Egyptian plagues: 'He turned their rivers into blood,' closely echoing the same theme and imagery.
  • Exodus 7:17 (allusion): God's proclamation that He will smite the waters of Egypt as a sign — the verbal promise underlying the action described in Ps.105:29.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He turned their waters into blood and killed their fish.
30 Their land swarmed with frogs, even in the chambers of their kings.

Psa.105.30 - Details

Translation

Their land swarmed with frogs, even in the chambers of their kings.

Original Text

שרץ ארצם צפרדעים בחדרי מלכיהם׃

Morphology

  • שרץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ארצם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl
  • צפרדעים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בחדרי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • מלכיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp

Parallels

  • Exodus 8:2-4 (quotation): Direct account of the plague of frogs sent on Egypt; Psalm 105:30 summarizes this event as God sending frogs into the land.
  • Exodus 8:6-7 (verbal): Describes frogs coming up and entering houses, beds and chambers—language closely paralleled by Psalm 105:30's 'in the chambers of their kings.'
  • Psalm 78:45 (thematic): Another psalmic retelling of Israel's history that lists the plagues (including frogs), echoing Psalm 105's recounting of the Exodus wonders.
  • Acts 7:36 (allusion): Stephen's summary of God's wonders and signs in Egypt recalls the Exodus plagues broadly, aligning with Psalm 105:30's reference to the frog plague.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Their land swarmed with frogs in the chambers of their kings.
31 He spoke, and swarms of flies and gnats came into their borders.

Psa.105.31 - Details

Translation

He spoke, and swarms of flies and gnats came into their borders.

Original Text

אמר ויבא ערב כנים בכל־ גבולם׃

Morphology

  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ערב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כנים: ADJ,m,pl
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גבולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp

Parallels

  • Exodus 8:16-19 (verbal): Describes the plague of lice (כּנִים) — God commands Moses/Aaron and the dust becomes lice throughout Egypt, echoing the lexical motif כנים in Ps 105:31.
  • Exodus 8:20-24 (verbal): Describes the plague of flies (עָרוֹב) sent into the land and affecting the Egyptians' borders; parallels Ps 105:31's report that swarms/flies came into their territory.
  • Psalm 78:45 (thematic): A poetic retelling of the Egyptian plagues: 'He sent swarms of flies among them,' closely paralleling the imagery and theme of divine judgment in Ps 105:31.
  • Psalm 105:30 (structural): The preceding verse in the same psalm is part of the same narrative unit recounting the plagues in Egypt (Ps 105:30–31 form a connected summary of these acts).

Alternative generated candidates

  • He spoke, and there came swarms of insects, gnats in all their borders.
32 He gave them hail for rain, and lightning into their land.

Psa.105.32 - Details

Translation

He gave them hail for rain, and lightning into their land.

Original Text

נתן גשמיהם ברד אש להבות בארצם׃

Morphology

  • נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גשמיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3mp
  • ברד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • להבות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בארצם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def,poss:3mp

Parallels

  • Exodus 9:23-24 (quotation): Direct narrative of the seventh plague: thunder, hail, and fire sent on Egypt. Psalm 105 echoes the Exodus wording about hail and fire in the land.
  • Psalm 78:47-48 (verbal): Retells the plagues with similar language — God giving the people’s cattle and land to hail and thunder/fire — a parallel liturgical recounting of the same event.
  • Job 38:22-23 (allusion): Speaks of God’s storehouses of hail and his control over snow/hail; thematically parallels the idea that hail and destructive weather are under divine authority.
  • Nahum 1:3 (thematic): Presents God’s power over storms and his use of violent weather as an expression of judgment, thematically resonant with the image of hail and fire as instruments of God’s wrath in Psalm 105:32.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave them hail for rain, and flames of fire in their land.
33 He struck their vines and fig trees and shattered the trees of their border.

Psa.105.33 - Details

Translation

He struck their vines and fig trees and shattered the trees of their border.

Original Text

ויך גפנם ותאנתם וישבר עץ גבולם׃

Morphology

  • ויך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • גפנם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,pl
  • ותאנתם: NOUN,f,sg,poss
  • וישבר: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גבולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:32 (verbal): Deut 32:32 speaks of 'grapes of poison'/bitter clusters — language very close to 'He turned their vine into poison' in Ps 105:33.
  • Isaiah 5:6 (verbal): Isaiah's vineyard song says the vineyard will be made a waste and 'briers and thorns' will grow there, paralleling the image of fig trees becoming thorns.
  • Psalm 78:47-48 (thematic): Psalm 78 recounts God's plagues and the destruction of vines and fig trees—closely parallel to Ps 105's retelling of divine judgments on vegetation.
  • Matthew 21:18-19 (allusion): Jesus curses a fruitless fig tree and it withers, echoing the motif of divine judgment on vines/fig trees that is expressed in Ps 105:33.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He struck their vines and their fig trees and shattered the trees of their borders.
34 He spoke, and there came locusts and caterpillars, without number,

Psa.105.34 - Details

Translation

He spoke, and there came locusts and caterpillars, without number,

Original Text

אמר ויבא ארבה וילק ואין מספר׃

Morphology

  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ארבה: VERB,hif,impf,1,c,sg,NA
  • וילק: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 10:12-15 (quotation): Psalm 105 is recounting the Exodus plagues; these verses narrate God’s command and the coming of the locusts against Egypt—the direct narrative source for Ps 105:34.
  • Exodus 10:14 (verbal): Describes the locusts covering the land and devouring everything ‘and there was no place where they were not,’ echoing the language of ‘locusts…without number’ in Ps 105:34.
  • Joel 1:4 (thematic): Joel uses the imagery of locusts (palmerworm, locust, cankerworm, caterpillar) as agents of devastation; thematically parallels the locust plague language and imagery in Ps 105:34.
  • Joel 2:25 (thematic): God’s promise to restore what the locusts have eaten connects to the motif of locust devastation in the tradition (as in Ps 105:34) and the theological memory of that judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He spoke, and locusts came, young locusts without number,
35 which ate up all the vegetation in their land and devoured the fruit of their ground.

Psa.105.35 - Details

Translation

which ate up all the vegetation in their land and devoured the fruit of their ground.

Original Text

ויאכל כל־ עשב בארצם ויאכל פרי אדמתם׃

Morphology

  • ויאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • עשב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בארצם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def,poss:3mp
  • ויאכל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • פרי: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • אדמתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,poss,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 10:12-15 (quotation): The account of the locust plague in Egypt: the swarm covers the land and 'ate every herb of the land and devoured the fruit of the trees'—direct verbal and narrative parallel to Ps. 105:35.
  • Joel 1:4 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of successive insects consuming crops ('what the palmerworm left hath the locust eaten…'), echoing the motif of total crop consumption found in Ps. 105:35.
  • Joel 2:3-5 (thematic): Describes a devastating swarm that 'devours' vegetation and leaves desolation—a thematic parallel emphasizing locusts consuming all plant life.
  • Amos 4:9 (allusion): Speaks of pestilence and locusts that consume gardens and vineyards as divine judgment, paralleling Ps. 105:35's image of produce eaten by sent plagues.
  • Psalm 78:45-51 (thematic): Another psalmic retelling of the Egyptian plagues, including destructive swarms that consume the land's produce—structurally and thematically parallel to Ps. 105:35.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and they ate up all the vegetation in their land and devoured the fruit of their ground.
36 He struck all the firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of their strength.

Psa.105.36 - Details

Translation

He struck all the firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of their strength.

Original Text

ויך כל־ בכור בארצם ראשית לכל־ אונם׃

Morphology

  • ויך: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • כל: DET
  • בכור: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • בארצם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def,poss:3mp
  • ראשית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לכל: PREP
  • אונם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 12:29 (verbal): Narrative account of the tenth plague: the LORD struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt—same event and similar wording echoed in Psalm 105:36.
  • Exodus 11:5 (thematic): Summarizes the divine judgment that all the firstborn in Egypt shall die, providing the theological and narrative background for Psalm 105's reference.
  • Psalm 78:51 (verbal): Parallel retelling in the wisdom/teaching psalm tradition: explicitly states God smote all the firstborn in Egypt, using phrasing closely matching Psalm 105:36.
  • Psalm 135:8 (verbal): Liturgical parallel in the praise psalms: repeats the same claim that God struck the firstborn in Egypt, nearly identical language to Psalm 105:36.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He struck down every firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their strength.
37 He brought them forth with silver and gold; there was not one feeble person among their tribes.

Psa.105.37 - Details

Translation

He brought them forth with silver and gold; there was not one feeble person among their tribes.

Original Text

ויוציאם בכסף וזהב ואין בשבטיו כושל׃

Morphology

  • ויוציאם: VERB,hiphil,impf,3,m,sg
  • בכסף: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וזהב: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואין: CONJ+PART,exist
  • בשבטיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,suff
  • כושל: VERB,qal,ptc,-,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:21-22 (verbal): God promises the Israelites will not go away empty-handed: every woman will borrow jewels of silver and gold—language and promise echoed in Ps.105:37.
  • Exodus 11:2 (verbal): Divine instruction recorded that Israelites should request/borrow silver and gold from their Egyptian neighbors—direct verbal antecedent to Psalm’s statement.
  • Exodus 12:35-36 (quotation): Narrative fulfillment of the borrowing/plundering of Egypt: the people asked and were given silver and gold; this event is the concrete historical basis for Ps.105:37.
  • Psalm 78:54-55 (thematic): Retells Israel’s deliverance and God’s provision/enrichment after Egypt (giving them lands and spoils); thematically parallels Ps.105’s emphasis on God bringing Israel out with wealth and blessing.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He brought out Israel with silver and gold; none among their tribes stumbled.
38 Egypt was glad when they departed, for dread of them had fallen upon it.

Psa.105.38 - Details

Translation

Egypt was glad when they departed, for dread of them had fallen upon it.

Original Text

שמח מצרים בצאתם כי־ נפל פחדם עליהם׃

Morphology

  • שמח: ADJ,m,sg
  • מצרים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בצאתם: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • כי: CONJ
  • נפל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • פחדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • עליהם: PREP,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 12:31-33 (verbal): Describes the Egyptian reaction at Israel’s departure—Pharaoh and the Egyptians urge Israel to leave and drive them out, echoing Psalm’s note that Egypt rejoiced/was glad when they went out.
  • Exodus 12:36 (thematic): Attributes Israel’s favorable exit to Egyptian fear and divine favor—Egyptians grant Israelites silver and gold as they send them away, a related consequence of the Egyptians’ reaction to the plagues and Israel’s departure.
  • Exodus 14:30-31 (allusion): After the Red Sea crossing the text reports Israel’s deliverance and that the events caused fear and awe—paralleling the motif that the Egyptians’ fear fell upon them and accompanies Israel’s escape.
  • Psalm 114:1-2 (thematic): A liturgical retelling of Israel’s exodus—'When Israel went out of Egypt…' parallels Psalm 105’s recounting of Israel’s departure and the surrounding reactions, including the impact on Egypt.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Egypt was glad at their departure, for dread of them had fallen upon it.
39 He spread a cloud for a covering and fire to give light by night.

Psa.105.39 - Details

Translation

He spread a cloud for a covering and fire to give light by night.

Original Text

פרש ענן למסך ואש להאיר לילה׃

Morphology

  • פרש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ענן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • למסך: VERB,qal,inf
  • ואש: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • להאיר: PREP+VERB,hiphil,inf
  • לילה: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 13:21-22 (verbal): Describes the LORD going before Israel by day in a pillar of cloud and by night in a pillar of fire—same imagery of cloud as a covering and fire for night light.
  • Numbers 9:15-23 (thematic): Summarizes the cloud-by-day and fire-by-night guidance of the tabernacle, emphasizing the visible signs that directed Israel’s movements.
  • Exodus 40:38 (verbal): States that the cloud of the LORD was over the tabernacle by day and fire by night, a concise parallel formulation to Psalm 105:39.
  • Deuteronomy 1:33 (allusion): Refers to God leading Israel in a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night—echoes the guiding/covering function of cloud and fire.
  • Psalm 78:14-15 (thematic): A psalmic retelling of the wilderness guidance motif: God led them with a cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night, closely paralleling Psalm 105’s wording and theme.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He spread a cloud for a covering, and fire to give light by night.
40 They asked, and he brought quail, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven.

Psa.105.40 - Details

Translation

They asked, and he brought quail, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven.

Original Text

שאל ויבא שלו ולחם שמים ישביעם׃

Morphology

  • שאל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויבא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • שלו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • ולחם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ישביעם: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 16:13-15 (verbal): Narrates the same provision: quail in the evening and manna (bread from heaven) in the morning — the canonical account behind the psalm's summary.
  • Numbers 11:31-32 (thematic): Describes the mass arrival of quail to satisfy the people's craving and the ensuing consequences — parallels the motif of God supplying meat from heaven when Israel asked.
  • Psalm 78:24-25 (verbal): Uses the phrase 'bread of heaven' and recounts God giving manna and meat to Israel, a close poetic retelling of the same events echoed in Psalm 105:40.
  • Nehemiah 9:15 (allusion): Corporate confession that recalls God providing manna and quail in the wilderness — an explicit liturgical echo of the Exodus provision cited in Psalm 105.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They asked, and he brought quail; he satisfied them with the bread of heaven.
41 He opened the rock, and water gushed out; it ran in the dry places like a river.

Psa.105.41 - Details

Translation

He opened the rock, and water gushed out; it ran in the dry places like a river.

Original Text

פתח צור ויזובו מים הלכו בציות נהר׃

Morphology

  • פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויזובו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • הלכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • בציות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • נהר: NOUN,m,sg,cons

Parallels

  • Exodus 17:6 (allusion): Narrative source: Moses strikes the rock at Rephidim/Horeb and water comes out to quench Israel's thirst—the historical event Psalm 105 recalls.
  • Numbers 20:11 (allusion): A second account of the rock miracle (at Meribah) where Moses brings forth water—closely related tradition of water from the rock echoed by the psalm.
  • Psalm 78:15-16 (verbal): Parallel retelling in another psalm: language about splitting the rocks and making waters gush is very similar to Psalm 105's wording.
  • Nehemiah 9:15 (allusion): Liturgical/historical recap: Nehemiah's prayer recounts God's provision in the wilderness, including water from the rock, echoing the same tradition.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:4 (thematic): New Testament theological use: Paul interprets 'the rock' that accompanied Israel as a typological reference to Christ, reusing the rock/water motif as spiritual symbolism.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He opened the rock, and water gushed out; it ran in the dry places like a river.
42 For he remembered his holy promise to Abraham his servant.

Psa.105.42 - Details

Translation

For he remembered his holy promise to Abraham his servant.

Original Text

כי־ זכר את־ דבר קדשו את־ אברהם עבדו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • זכר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קדשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • אברהם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עבדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 17:7-8 (verbal): God's establishment of an everlasting covenant with Abraham and his descendants echoes the Psalm's recall of God's 'word' to Abraham — the promise God remembered.
  • Genesis 22:16-18 (quotation): God's oath to Abraham after the binding (promising blessing and offspring) is a direct articulation of the promise the Psalm says God remembered.
  • Psalm 105:8-11 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm: 'He remembers his covenant forever... the covenant which he made with Abraham,' a near-verbatim expansion of v.42's claim.
  • Hebrews 6:13-18 (allusion): The author cites God's promise and oath to Abraham to demonstrate God's unchanging faithfulness — a New Testament reflection on the same divine remembrance noted in Ps 105:42.
  • Acts 7:2-5 (quotation): Stephen recounts God's appearance to Abraham and the promise of land and descendants (quoting Genesis), paralleling the Psalm's reference to God remembering his word to Abraham.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For he remembered his holy promise to Abraham his servant.
43 He brought forth his people with joy, his chosen with singing.

Psa.105.43 - Details

Translation

He brought forth his people with joy, his chosen with singing.

Original Text

ויוצא עמו בששון ברנה את־ בחיריו׃

Morphology

  • ויוצא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • בששון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ברנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בחיריו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 12:51 (structural): A direct historical statement that on that day the LORD brought Israel out of Egypt—parallels Ps 105:43's depiction of God bringing out his people.
  • Exodus 15:1 (thematic): Moses and Israel sing a song of triumph after deliverance at the sea; echoes Ps 105:43's image of the rescued people celebrated with joy and exultation.
  • Psalm 114:1-2 (thematic): A poetic recounting of Israel's departure from Egypt—closely parallels Ps 105's focus on the Exodus as God's act of deliverance and cause for rejoicing.
  • Psalm 78:53 (verbal): Part of a sustained retelling of the Exodus in Psalms; 'he brought them out' language parallels Ps 105:43's 'brought out his chosen' motif.
  • Nehemiah 9:9-10 (thematic): Nehemiah's confession recalls God's rescue of Israel from Egypt and his guidance thereafter—an explicit retelling of the same deliverance that Ps 105:43 celebrates.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He brought forth his people with joy, his chosen ones with singing.
44 He gave them the lands of the nations, and they took possession of the fruit of the peoples' toil,

Psa.105.44 - Details

Translation

He gave them the lands of the nations, and they took possession of the fruit of the peoples' toil,

Original Text

ויתן להם ארצות גוים ועמל לאמים יירשו׃

Morphology

  • ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • ארצות: NOUN,f,pl,const
  • גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ועמל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יירשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,mp

Parallels

  • Ps.78:55 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — Psalm 78 recounts the same act with nearly identical wording: God 'gave them the lands of the nations, and they took possession of the fruit of the peoples' toil.'
  • Ps.135:11 (verbal): Liturgical/thematic echo: 'The Lord gave the land to his people, Israel,' succinctly echoes Psalm 105's claim that God granted the nations' lands to Israel.
  • Josh.21:43 (structural): Narrative parallel: Joshua summarizes the conquest by saying the Lord gave Israel all the land he had sworn to give their fathers and they took possession — a historical fulfillment corresponding to Psalm 105:44.
  • Deut.11:24 (quotation): Promissory background: Deuteronomy's covenantal promise ('every place where you set your foot shall be yours') provides the legal/charter basis for Psalms' statement that God gave the lands of the nations to Israel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave them the lands of the nations, and they took possession of the fruit of the peoples' toil,
45 that they might keep his statutes and observe his laws. Praise the LORD.

Psa.105.45 - Details

Translation

that they might keep his statutes and observe his laws. Praise the LORD.

Original Text

בעבור ׀ ישמרו חקיו ותורתיו ינצרו הללו־ יה׃

Morphology

  • בעבור: PREP
  • ישמרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • חקיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • ותורתיו: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ינצרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • הללו: VERB,piel,impv,2,m,pl
  • יה: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 119:4 (verbal): Linguistically close: both speak of God’s precepts/ statutes being commanded to be kept diligently (שמרו חקיו/You have commanded your precepts to be kept).
  • Leviticus 18:4 (verbal): Uses the same legal vocabulary—‘keep my statutes and my rules’—echoing the injunction to observe God’s laws as life‑giving commands.
  • Deuteronomy 6:2 (thematic): Links the purpose of commandments with covenantal fidelity across generations—keep God’s statutes and commandments so you and your descendants may fear/serve the LORD.
  • Psalm 78:5-7 (structural): Shared concern for passing on God’s testimony and laws so the next generation will know God, keep his commandments, and place hope in him—same didactic/covenantal framework as Ps 105’s conclusion.
  • Joshua 1:8 (thematic): Connects meditation on and observance of the law with successful life; emphasizes careful keeping of what is written—parallel motive for preserving God’s statutes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • that they might keep his statutes and observe his laws. Praise the LORD.
1 Hallelujah! Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; for his steadfast love endures forever.

Psa.106.1 - Details

Translation

Hallelujah! Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; for his steadfast love endures forever.

Original Text

הללויה ׀ הודו ליהוה כי־ טוב כי לעולם חסדו׃

Morphology

  • הללויה: VERB,qal,imp,2,pl+PN,prop
  • הודו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • טוב: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • לעולם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חסדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 107:1 (verbal): Nearly identical wording: 'Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; his steadfast love endures forever' — same liturgical thanksgiving formula.
  • Psalm 118:1 (verbal): Represents the same refrain: a call to give thanks because the LORD is good and his steadfast love/enduring mercy continues.
  • 1 Chronicles 16:34 (quotation): Uses the same thanksgiving formula in a historical/ liturgical context ('Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; his steadfast love endures forever'), likely drawn from the same cultic tradition.
  • Psalm 136:1 (structural): Begins the psalm and serves as the recurring refrain throughout Psalm 136 ('Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good, for his steadfast love endures forever'), emphasizing the liturgical repetition.
  • Psalm 100:5 (thematic): Shares the theological themes—God's goodness and enduring steadfast love/faithfulness to all generations—even though the wording and emphasis differ slightly.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Hallelujah! Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; for his steadfast love endures forever.
2 Who can utter the mighty deeds of the LORD, or declare all his praise?

Psa.106.2 - Details

Translation

Who can utter the mighty deeds of the LORD, or declare all his praise?

Original Text

מי ימלל גבורות יהוה ישמיע כל־ תהלתו׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • ימלל: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg
  • גבורות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ישמיע: VERB,hiph,impf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • תהלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 40:5 (verbal): Both verses emphasize the multitude of the LORD’s wondrous deeds and the inability fully to recount or number them ('if I should declare them, they are more than can be told').
  • Psalm 145:4 (verbal): Speaks of one generation declaring to another the LORD’s mighty acts—closely parallels the call to proclaim God's 'mighty acts' and 'praise.'
  • Psalm 9:1-2 (verbal): The psalmist vows to recount the LORD’s wonderful deeds and to sing praises—similar language and theme of declaring God’s mighty acts and praise.
  • Psalm 78:4 (thematic): Commands retelling the glorious deeds and wonders of the LORD to the next generation—a communal, pedagogical parallel about proclaiming God's mighty acts.
  • Isaiah 63:7 (allusion): The prophet declares he will recount the LORD’s steadfast love and praises according to all God has done—a prophetic testimony echoing the theme of recounting divine deeds and praise.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who can utter the mighty deeds of the LORD, or declare all his praise?
3 Blessed are they who observe justice, who do righteousness at all times.

Psa.106.3 - Details

Translation

Blessed are they who observe justice, who do righteousness at all times.

Original Text

אשרי שמרי משפט עשה צדקה בכל־ עת׃

Morphology

  • אשרי: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • שמרי: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
  • משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • צדקה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עת: NOUN,f,sg,cons

Parallels

  • Isaiah 56:1 (verbal): Shares virtually identical Hebrew wording — 'keep justice and do righteousness' (שמרו משפט ועשו צְדָקה), a close verbal parallel and command to practice justice and righteousness.
  • Amos 5:24 (thematic): Both emphasize active, continual justice and righteousness; Amos speaks of justice and righteousness flowing like a never‑ending stream, stressing ethical practice over ritual.
  • Micah 6:8 (thematic): Summarizes what God requires: to 'do justice, love kindness, and walk humbly' — thematically paralleling the call to keep justice and do righteousness.
  • Isaiah 1:17 (thematic): Calls for concrete ethical action — 'learn to do good; seek justice; defend the oppressed' — echoing the Psalm’s stress on practicing justice and righteousness.
  • Proverbs 21:3 (thematic): Affirms that doing righteousness and justice is pleasing to God more than sacrifice, reinforcing the Psalm’s valuation of ethical conduct over ritual alone.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Blessed are they who observe justice, who do righteousness at all times.
4 Remember me, O LORD, when you show favor to your people; visit me with your salvation,

Psa.106.4 - Details

Translation

Remember me, O LORD, when you show favor to your people; visit me with your salvation,

Original Text

זכרני יהוה ברצון עמך פקדני בישועתך׃

Morphology

  • זכרני: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ברצון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m
  • פקדני: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,sg
  • בישועתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff2

Parallels

  • Psalm 79:8 (verbal): Both verses use the petition 'Remember' in a plea for God's mercy toward his people—asking God to recall compassion rather than punish (a corporate appeal that includes the petitioner).
  • Psalm 25:6-7 (verbal): Like Ps.106:4, the speaker implores God to 'remember' him in light of God's steadfast love and favor, requesting mercy rather than judgment for the petitioner.
  • Psalm 69:16 (thematic): An individual plea for rescue grounded in God's goodness and steadfast love—both verses appeal to Yahweh's saving mercy on behalf of the petitioner amid communal need.
  • Psalm 106:47 (structural): Within the same psalm the theme is resumed: personal inclusion in national salvation—v.4 asks to be remembered in God's favor toward his people, and v.47 petitions God to 'save us' and gather the people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Remember me, O LORD, when you show favor to your people; help me when you deliver them,
5 that I may see the prosperity of your chosen, that I may rejoice in the gladness of your nation, that I may glory with your heritage.

Psa.106.5 - Details

Translation

that I may see the prosperity of your chosen, that I may rejoice in the gladness of your nation, that I may glory with your heritage.

Original Text

לראות ׀ בטובת בחיריך לשמח בשמחת גויך להתהלל עם־ נחלתך׃

Morphology

  • לראות: VERB,qal,inf
  • בטובת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בחיריך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • לשמח: VERB,hiph,inf
  • בשמחת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • גויך: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • להתהלל: VERB,hitpael,inf
  • עם: PREP
  • נחלתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,m

Parallels

  • Psalm 35:27 (verbal): Speaks of rejoicing and God’s pleasure in the prosperity of his servant—parallels desire to see the good of God’s chosen and rejoice in their well‑being.
  • Psalm 33:12 (structural): Declares the blessedness of the nation whose God is the LORD and of the people he has chosen as his heritage, echoing the language of ‘your chosen’/‘your heritage.’
  • Deuteronomy 32:9 (allusion): ‘For the LORD’s portion is his people… the lot of his inheritance’ — an earlier characterization of Israel as God’s chosen heritage, underlying Psalm 106:5’s imagery.
  • Zephaniah 3:17 (verbal): God ‘rejoices over you with gladness’ — a close verbal/thematic parallel to rejoicing in the gladness of God’s people.
  • Psalm 149:2–4 (thematic): Calls for Israel to rejoice in the Maker and notes that the LORD takes pleasure in his people, matching the theme of rejoicing with and over God’s chosen.

Alternative generated candidates

  • that I may see the prosperity of your chosen, that I may rejoice in the gladness of your nation, and glory with your inheritance.
6 We have sinned with our fathers; we have dealt perversely; we have done wickedly.

Psa.106.6 - Details

Translation

We have sinned with our fathers; we have dealt perversely; we have done wickedly.

Original Text

חטאנו עם־ אבותינו העוינו הרשענו׃

Morphology

  • חטאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,pl
  • עם: PREP
  • אבותינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1cp
  • העוינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl
  • הרשענו: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,pl

Parallels

  • Daniel 9:5 (verbal): A near-verbatim communal confession: 'we have sinned and done wickedly,' echoing the language of Ps 106:6.
  • Lamentations 5:7 (verbal): Speaks of the fathers' sin and the people's suffering for it: 'Our fathers sinned, and are no more; and we bear their iniquities,' closely paralleling the theme and wording.
  • Nehemiah 9:2 (structural): Part of a corporate confession where the people 'stood and confessed their sins and the iniquities of their fathers,' mirroring Ps 106's communal penitential structure.
  • Ezekiel 18:2 (allusion): Raises the proverb about ancestral sin ('The fathers have eaten sour grapes...') and engages the theme of generational responsibility that Ps 106:6 invokes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • We have sinned with our fathers; we have committed iniquity, we have done wickedly.
7 Our fathers in Egypt did not understand your wonders; they forgot the abundance of your mercies, and they rebelled by the sea, the Sea of Reeds.

Psa.106.7 - Details

Translation

Our fathers in Egypt did not understand your wonders; they forgot the abundance of your mercies, and they rebelled by the sea, the Sea of Reeds.

Original Text

אבותינו במצרים ׀ לא־ השכילו נפלאותיך לא זכרו את־ רב חסדיך וימרו על־ ים בים־ סוף׃

Morphology

  • אבותינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1cp
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • השכילו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,pl
  • נפלאותיך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • זכרו: VERB,qal,imperat,2,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רב: ADJ,m,sg
  • חסדיך: NOUN,m,sg,abs,2ms
  • וימרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • על: PREP
  • ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • בים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:11-12 (verbal): Psalm 78 recounts the same failure of the fathers to remember God's works: 'they forgot his works and the wonders that he had shown them'—language and theme closely parallel Ps 106:7.
  • Exodus 14:10-12 (structural): The original narrative scene behind Ps 106:7: the Israelites' fear and complaint at the Red Sea ('Was it because there were no graves in Egypt...?')—Ps 106 summarizes this rebellion.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:1-5 (allusion): Paul alludes to the Exodus/Red Sea experience and the failures of the fathers as an example for believers, echoing Psalm 106's use of the Red Sea rebellion as a warning.
  • Hebrews 3:8-9 (thematic): Hebrews warns against hardening the heart as the ancestors did, referencing their unbelief and testing of God in the wilderness—themewise parallel to Ps 106's indictment of the fathers' failure to remember God's deeds.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Our fathers in Egypt did not consider your wonders; they did not remember your abundant steadfast love, and they rebelled by the sea, the Sea of Reeds.
8 Yet he saved them for his name's sake, to make known his mighty power.

Psa.106.8 - Details

Translation

Yet he saved them for his name's sake, to make known his mighty power.

Original Text

ויושיעם למען שמו להודיע את־ גבורתו׃

Morphology

  • ויושיעם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • למען: PREP
  • שמו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • להודיע: VERB,hiph,inf,-,-,-
  • את: PRT,acc
  • גבורתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exod.9:16 (verbal): Very close wording and purpose: God says he raised up Pharaoh 'that I might show in thee my power, and that my name may be declared in all the earth'—saving/judging actions undertaken so that God's power and name are made known, matching Ps 106:8.
  • Rom.9:17 (quotation): Paul explicitly quotes Exodus 9:16 ('For the Scripture says to Pharaoh...'), using the same rationale that God acts to display his power and make his name known—an NT citation of the same theological point found in Ps 106:8.
  • Ezek.36:22-23 (thematic): God declares that he will act 'that the nations may know that I am the LORD' and 'I will sanctify my great name'—the motive of divine deliverance/restoration being the declaration/manifestation of God's name and power, paralleling Ps 106:8.
  • Ps.23:3 (verbal): Uses the formula 'for his name's sake' as the stated reason for God's restorative guidance ('He restoreth my soul... for his name's sake'), echoing the same phrase and motive found in Ps 106:8.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Yet he saved them for his name's sake, to make known his mighty power.
9 He rebuked the Red Sea, and it was dried up; he led them through the depths as through a desert.

Psa.106.9 - Details

Translation

He rebuked the Red Sea, and it was dried up; he led them through the depths as through a desert.

Original Text

ויגער בים־ סוף ויחרב ויוליכם בתהמות כמדבר׃

Morphology

  • ויגער: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בים: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויחרב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויוליכם: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg
  • בתהמות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • כמדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:21–22 (thematic): The original narrative of God causing the Red Sea to part and the Israelites to pass through the depths, the historical event Psalm 106 recalls.
  • Exodus 15:4 (verbal): Song of Moses celebrating the same event; poetic language about the waters being restrained echoes Psalm 106's description.
  • Psalm 78:13 (verbal): Another psalm retelling the Exodus with very similar verbs and imagery ('divided the sea,' 'made the waters stand'), a close verbal parallel.
  • Isaiah 51:10 (allusion): Prophetic imagery that speaks of drying the sea and making a way through the depths for the redeemed, echoing Psalm 106's motif.
  • Nahum 1:4 (verbal): Uses nearly the same wording ('He rebukes the sea and dries it up'), a direct verbal parallel emphasizing divine command over the waters.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He rebuked the Sea of Reeds, and it became dry; he led them through the depths as through a desert.
10 He saved them from the hand of the foe, and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.

Psa.106.10 - Details

Translation

He saved them from the hand of the foe, and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.

Original Text

ויושיעם מיד שונא ויגאלם מיד אויב׃

Morphology

  • ויושיעם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • מיד: PREP
  • שונא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויגאלם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • מיד: PREP
  • אויב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:30 (quotation): Narrates the Red Sea deliverance—'Thus the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians'—a direct report of God saving Israel from the hand of an enemy, matching Psalm 106:10's wording and event.
  • Deuteronomy 7:8 (verbal): Describes God bringing Israel out with a mighty hand and redeeming them from the hand of Pharaoh; uses the same language of deliverance and redemption from an enemy's hand.
  • Psalm 78:53 (verbal): Retells the Exodus rescue with similar phrasing—God 'saved them from the hand of him that hated them'—echoing Psalm 106:10's account of being saved and redeemed from enemies.
  • Isaiah 63:9 (thematic): Speaks of the Lord's saving and redeeming presence in Israel's affliction—'in his love and in his pity he redeemed them'—resonating thematically with Psalm 106:10's emphasis on divine rescue from foes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He saved them from the hand of the foe and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.
11 The waters covered their adversaries; not one of them was left.

Psa.106.11 - Details

Translation

The waters covered their adversaries; not one of them was left.

Original Text

ויכסו־ מים צריהם אחד מהם לא נותר׃

Morphology

  • ויכסו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • צריהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg
  • מהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נותר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:27-28 (quotation): Narrative account of the Red Sea returning and covering Pharaoh's chariots and host so that not one remained—direct source for Psalm's statement.
  • Exodus 15:4-5 (quotation): Song of Moses celebrating how Pharaoh's chariots and army were cast into the sea and the waters covered them—verbal parallel to Psalm 106:11.
  • Psalm 78:53-55 (verbal): Retells the Red Sea deliverance with similar language about the sea covering the enemy and them sinking like lead.
  • Psalm 136:15 (allusion): Liturgical refrain credits God with overthrowing Pharaoh and his host in the Red Sea—echoes the theme that none of the enemy remained.
  • Isaiah 51:10 (thematic): Uses the motif of God drying up the sea and making a path for the redeemed—thematic parallel emphasizing divine reversal of the waters against the enemy.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The waters covered their adversaries; not one of them remained.
12 Then they believed his words; they sang his praise.

Psa.106.12 - Details

Translation

Then they believed his words; they sang his praise.

Original Text

ויאמינו בדבריו ישירו תהלתו׃

Morphology

  • ויאמינו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • בדבריו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m
  • ישירו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl
  • תהלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+SUFF,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 4:31 (verbal): After God’s visit, “the people believed” and responded with worship — closely echoing belief in God’s word followed by praise.
  • Exodus 14:31 (thematic): Israel “believed the LORD and his servant Moses” after the Red Sea deliverance — belief in God’s act leads to confident trust and praise.
  • Exodus 15:1 (structural): “Then sang Moses and the children of Israel” — a communal song of praise that parallels the psalm’s note that they sang God’s praise.
  • Isaiah 12:2 (thematic): “Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust... and will sing” — links trusting/believing God’s saving word with singing praise.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then they believed his words; they sang his praise.
13 But they soon forgot his works; they did not wait for his counsel.

Psa.106.13 - Details

Translation

But they soon forgot his works; they did not wait for his counsel.

Original Text

מהרו שכחו מעשיו לא־ חכו לעצתו׃

Morphology

  • מהרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • שכחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מעשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • חכו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לעצתו: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:11 (verbal): Explicitly repeats the theme/phrase of forgetting God's works and wonders—close verbal parallel to Ps 106:13.
  • Psalm 78:32 (thematic): Describes the people's failure to heed God's mighty deeds and refusal to trust his guidance—echoes 'did not wait for his counsel.'
  • Deuteronomy 8:11 (thematic): Warning against forgetting the LORD after enjoying his blessings—parallels the admonition about forgetting God's acts and not following his counsel.
  • Deuteronomy 32:18 (verbal): Accuses Israel of forgetting the God who gave them birth (the Rock)—a close verbal/thematic echo of Israel's forgetfulness of God's works.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But soon they forgot his works; they did not wait for his counsel.
14 They lusted in the wilderness and tested God in the desert.

Psa.106.14 - Details

Translation

They lusted in the wilderness and tested God in the desert.

Original Text

ויתאוו תאוה במדבר וינסו־ אל בישימון׃

Morphology

  • ויתאוו: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,pl
  • תאוה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • וינסו: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • בישימון: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 11:4-6 (verbal): The original narrative of Israel's craving in the wilderness—'the mixed multitude... fell a lust'—which Psalm 106 summarizes and condemns.
  • Psalm 78:18-19 (verbal): Retells the same episode with almost identical wording: 'they tempted God... by asking meat for their lust,' a direct poetic parallel and expansion of Ps 106:14.
  • Exodus 16:3 (thematic): Israel's complaint longing for the 'fleshpots' of Egypt expresses the same craving/nostalgia and desire for food in the desert that Ps 106:14 criticizes.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:9 (allusion): Paul alludes to the wilderness testing—'neither let us tempt Christ'—as a New Testament application of the Israelites' testing of God in the desert referenced by Psalm 106.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They lusted in the wilderness and put God to the test in the desert.
15 He gave them their request, but sent leanness into their soul.

Psa.106.15 - Details

Translation

He gave them their request, but sent leanness into their soul.

Original Text

ויתן להם שאלתם וישלח רזון בנפשם׃

Morphology

  • ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • שאלתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
  • וישלח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • רזון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בנפשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Numbers 11:31-33 (allusion): The narrative where God provides quail in response to Israel's craving and then strikes them with a great plague—this is the historical event Psalm 106:15 recalls.
  • Psalm 78:29-31 (verbal): Psalm 78 retells the same episode with language close to Psalm 106 (God gave their desire/meat but his wrath came and afflicted them), making the verbal/thematic link explicit.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:6-11 (thematic): Paul cites Israel's wilderness failures—lusting and subsequent judgment—as exempla for Christians, echoing the theme of granted desire followed by divine discipline.
  • Hebrews 3:16-17 (thematic): Hebrews recounts those who provoked God in the wilderness and were destroyed, paralleling the motif of Israel's complaint, granted desire, and ensuing punishment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave them their request, but sent leanness into their soul.
16 They envied Moses in the camp, and Aaron the holy one of the LORD.

Psa.106.16 - Details

Translation

They envied Moses in the camp, and Aaron the holy one of the LORD.

Original Text

ויקנאו למשה במחנה לאהרן קדוש יהוה׃

Morphology

  • ויקנאו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • למשה: PREP+PN,m,sg
  • במחנה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לאהרן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קדוש: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 12:1-15 (allusion): Miriam and Aaron speak against Moses out of jealousy; God defends Moses—direct episode of envy toward Moses in the camp.
  • Numbers 16:1-3 (thematic): Korah, Dathan, and Abiram lead a rebellion against Moses and Aaron’s leadership and priesthood—another wilderness instance of envy and opposition to Moses/Aaron.
  • Exodus 32:1-6 (thematic): While Moses is absent, the people and Aaron turn away and make the golden calf—an episode showing rejection of Moses’ authority and Aaron’s compromised role as ‘holy’ leader.
  • Psalm 78:17-22 (thematic): Psalm recounts Israel’s impatience, distrust and rebellious attitude in the wilderness, paralleling Psalm 106’s catalogue of the people’s envy and opposition to Moses and Aaron.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They envied Moses in the camp, and Aaron the holy one of the LORD.
17 The earth opened and swallowed Dathan and covered the company of Abiram.

Psa.106.17 - Details

Translation

The earth opened and swallowed Dathan and covered the company of Abiram.

Original Text

תפתח־ ארץ ותבלע דתן ותכס על־ עדת אבירם׃

Morphology

  • תפתח: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותבלע: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • דתן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותכס: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • על: PREP
  • עדת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
  • אבירם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 16:31-33 (verbal): Direct narrative of the same event: the earth opens and swallows Dathan and Abiram and their company — the primary source for the Psalm's wording.
  • Numbers 16:26-30 (structural): Immediate lead‑up to the swallowing: Moses' summons to separate from Korah's company and the challenge that precipitated the earth opening; provides context for the event recalled in the verse.
  • Numbers 26:9-11 (thematic): Later reference in the census material that reflects on Korah's rebellion and its consequences (noting that Korah's sons did not die), echoing the judgment on Dathan and Abiram.
  • Jude 1:11 (allusion): New Testament allusion that cites Korah's rebellion as an example of judgment ('perished in Korah's rebellion'), using the same episode as a cautionary precedent.

Alternative generated candidates

  • The earth opened and swallowed Dathan, and covered the faction of Abiram.
18 Fire also broke out among their company; a flame consumed the wicked.

Psa.106.18 - Details

Translation

Fire also broke out among their company; a flame consumed the wicked.

Original Text

ותבער־ אש בעדתם להבה תלהט רשעים׃

Morphology

  • ותבער: VERB,hiph,impf,3,f,sg
  • אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • בעדתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • להבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • תלהט: VERB,qal,imperf,3,f,sg
  • רשעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 11:1 (verbal): Same language of divine fire burning 'among them' as punishment for complaint—'the fire of the LORD burned among them' echoes ותבער־אש בעדתם.
  • Numbers 21:6 (thematic): God sends 'fiery serpents' among the people as a punitive, 'fiery' judgment—shares the motif of destructive 'fire' brought upon the assembly for sin.
  • Leviticus 10:2 (verbal): 'There went out fire from the LORD, and devoured them' (Nadab and Abihu)—a closely parallel image of consuming divine fire against the wicked/rebellious.
  • Numbers 16:35 (verbal): 'There came out a fire from the LORD, and consumed the 250 men' who joined Korah's rebellion—another instance of fire from the LORD consuming a rebellious assembly, paralleling the psalm's wording.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A fire was kindled among their company; flames burned up the wicked.
19 They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a molten image.

Psa.106.19 - Details

Translation

They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a molten image.

Original Text

יעשו־ עגל בחרב וישתחוו למסכה׃

Morphology

  • יעשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • עגל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בחרב: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וישתחוו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • למסכה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:4 (quotation): Direct narrative of the golden calf: the people made a calf and offered sacrifice, the primary account behind Psalm 106:19.
  • Deuteronomy 9:16 (quotation): Moses' recounting of Israel's sin, explicitly stating they 'made a molten calf' at Horeb — closely parallels the wording and event in Psalm 106:19.
  • Nehemiah 9:18 (verbal): Community confession that retells Israel's rebellion, using language very similar to Psalm 106:19 about making a calf in Horeb and worshiping a molten image.
  • Acts 7:41 (allusion): Stephen's speech recalls the golden calf incident: 'They made a calf in those days,' echoing the Psalm's indictment of idolatry at Horeb.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:7 (thematic): Paul warns against idolatry by citing Israel's example (the golden calf), thematically linking the Exodus incident to the Psalm's condemnation of worshiping a molten image.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They made a calf at Horeb and bowed down to a molten image.
20 They exchanged their glory for the likeness of a bull that eats grass.

Psa.106.20 - Details

Translation

They exchanged their glory for the likeness of a bull that eats grass.

Original Text

וימירו את־ כבודם בתבנית שור אכל עשב׃

Morphology

  • וימירו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • כבודם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,3,m,pl
  • בתבנית: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • שור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עשב: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:4 (allusion): The original account of Israel fashioning a calf (a molten image) in the wilderness—the event Psalm 106 recalls when it says they 'exchanged their glory for a calf that eats grass.'
  • Deuteronomy 9:16 (thematic): Moses' retrospective rebuke of Israel for making a molten calf at Horeb—another Old Testament retelling of the same idolatrous exchange of God's glory for an image.
  • Acts 7:41 (quotation): Stephen's speech recounts the golden calf incident and Israel's worship of the idol, echoing the Psalm's denunciation of exchanging God for a fabricated ox-image.
  • Romans 1:23 (verbal): Paul says people 'exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images'—a theological echo of the Psalm's language about exchanging God's glory for an ox-shaped idol.
  • Psalm 115:4-8 (thematic): A parallel polemic against idols: both psalms contrast the glory of God with lifeless images (metal/wood), condemning the worship of objects like the calf.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They exchanged their glory for the image of a bull that eats grass.
21 They forgot God their savior, who had done great things in Egypt,

Psa.106.21 - Details

Translation

They forgot God their savior, who had done great things in Egypt,

Original Text

שכחו אל מושיעם עשה גדלות במצרים׃

Morphology

  • שכחו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • מושיעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
  • עשה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • גדלות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • במצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:42 (verbal): Psalm 78 similarly accuses the people of failing to remember God's saving acts; the language about forgetting God's deeds echoes Ps.106.21's charge.
  • Psalm 105:27-36 (thematic): Psalm 105 recounts the mighty deeds God did in Egypt (plagues, deliverance) — the same Exodus events invoked in Ps.106.21 as reasons they should not have forgotten God.
  • Deuteronomy 6:12 (verbal): An explicit warning not to forget the LORD who brought Israel out of Egypt; directly parallels the moral-religious admonition underlying Ps.106.21.
  • Exodus 13:3 (structural): Command to 'remember this day' of deliverance from Egypt (Passover injunction); provides the ritual/communal context for remembering God's mighty deeds referred to in Ps.106.21.
  • Isaiah 63:11 (thematic): Isaiah recalls Israel's deliverance and God's past saving acts in Egypt and the sea — a prophetic reflection on memory/forgetting of those salvific deeds, parallel to Ps.106.21's lament.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They forgot God their Savior, who had done great things in Egypt,
22 wondrous works in the land of Ham, and fearful deeds by the Sea of Reeds.

Psa.106.22 - Details

Translation

wondrous works in the land of Ham, and fearful deeds by the Sea of Reeds.

Original Text

נפלאות בארץ חם נוראות על־ ים־ סוף׃

Morphology

  • נפלאות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • חם: ADJ,m,sg
  • נוראות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • על: PREP
  • ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • סוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 14:21 (structural): Describes the parting of the Red Sea—the concrete miracle (‘waters divided’) that Ps 106:22 calls ‘wonders… at the Red Sea.’
  • Exodus 15:11 (thematic): The Song of Moses celebrates God’s unique, awe‑inspiring wonders and deliverance—same theme of ‘wonders’ and God’s fearful deeds praised in Ps 106:22.
  • Psalm 78:12-13 (verbal): Retells ‘wonders in the land of Egypt’ and the dividing of the sea; language and narrative content closely parallel Ps 106:22’s reference to wonders in the land of Ham and at the Red Sea.
  • Psalm 105:27 (verbal): Speaks of God’s ‘wonders in the land of Ham/Egypt’ (and signs in Zoan), echoing the exact phrase and focus of Ps 106:22.
  • Isaiah 51:9 (allusion): Invokes God’s ancient act of drying the sea to deliver Israel—an allusive recall of the Red Sea deliverance celebrated in Ps 106:22.

Alternative generated candidates

  • wondrous works in the land of Ham, and fearful things by the Sea of Reeds.
23 Therefore he said that he would destroy them— had not Moses his chosen stood before him in the breach to turn away his wrath, lest he should destroy them.

Psa.106.23 - Details

Translation

Therefore he said that he would destroy them— had not Moses his chosen stood before him in the breach to turn away his wrath, lest he should destroy them.

Original Text

ויאמר להשמידם לולי משה בחירו עמד בפרץ לפניו להשיב חמתו מהשחית׃

Morphology

  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • להשמידם: VERB,hiph,inf,3,m,pl
  • לולי: CONJ
  • משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בחירו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עמד: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בפרץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • להשיב: VERB,qal,inf
  • חמתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+pr,3,m
  • מהשחית: PREP+VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:10-14 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel: God declares He will destroy Israel for the golden calf; Moses intercedes and God relents—language and event echoed in Psalm 106:23.
  • Numbers 14:11-20 (verbal): Another account of Israel's rebellion where God threatens destruction and Moses stands in the breach, pleading for the people and averting divine wrath—same theme and intercessory role.
  • Deuteronomy 9:18-19 (allusion): Moses' own retelling of his intense intercession ('I fell down before the LORD...') to turn away God’s anger at Israel, closely matching the Psalm's depiction of Moses' mediation.
  • Ezekiel 22:30 (structural): Uses the striking metaphor of ‘standing in the breach/gap’ before God to prevent destruction—same structural image applied to Moses in Psalm 106:23.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore he said he would destroy them—had not Moses his chosen stood in the breach before him, to turn away his wrath from destroying.
24 They despised the pleasant land; they did not believe his word;

Psa.106.24 - Details

Translation

They despised the pleasant land; they did not believe his word;

Original Text

וימאסו בארץ חמדה לא־ האמינו לדברו׃

Morphology

  • וימאסו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • חמדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • האמינו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לדברו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:2-4 (thematic): The congregation rejects entering the promised land and speaks of returning to Egypt—direct narrative background for despising the 'land of desire.'
  • Deuteronomy 1:32-33 (verbal): Moses recounts Israel's refusal to believe the LORD and enter the land, echoing the charge that they 'did not believe his word.'
  • Psalm 78:22 (verbal): Explicitly states 'they believed not in God, nor trusted in his salvation,' a close verbal/thematic parallel to Psalm 106:24's accusation of unbelief.
  • Psalm 95:8-11 (allusion): Warns against hardening the heart 'as in the day of temptation in the wilderness'—a thematic warning tied to Israel's unbelief and exclusion from the land.
  • Hebrews 3:18-19 (allusion): New Testament reflection that those who believed not were unable to enter God's rest—an interpretive application of the wilderness unbelief pictured in Ps 106:24.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They despised the pleasant land; they did not believe his promise.
25 but they murmured in their tents and did not heed the voice of the LORD.

Psa.106.25 - Details

Translation

but they murmured in their tents and did not heed the voice of the LORD.

Original Text

וירגנו באהליהם לא שמעו בקול יהוה׃

Morphology

  • וירגנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • באהליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • בקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 1:27 (verbal): Uses the same language of murmuring in the tents and accusing God for bringing them out of Egypt—direct verbal parallel to the complaint and failure to heed God's voice in Psalm 106:25.
  • Numbers 14:2 (verbal): The whole congregation 'murmured' (grumbled) after the spies' report and refused to trust/obey—an instance of the same wilderness complaint and disobedience behind Psalm 106:25.
  • Numbers 21:5 (verbal): The people spoke against God and Moses, asking why they were brought out of Egypt to die—verbal and thematic echo of Israel's complaining and refusal to listen to the LORD.
  • Psalm 78:18-22 (thematic): Retells Israel's repeated testing, murmuring and lack of trust—the psalmist recounts the same pattern of rebellion and not heeding God described in Psalm 106:25.
  • Deuteronomy 9:7 (thematic): Moses recalls Israel's provocation of the LORD in the wilderness and their refusal to obey—a thematic parallel emphasizing Israel's persistent disobedience reflected in Psalm 106:25.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They murmured in their tents; they did not obey the voice of the LORD.
26 Therefore he lifted his hand and struck them down in the wilderness,

Psa.106.26 - Details

Translation

Therefore he lifted his hand and struck them down in the wilderness,

Original Text

וישא ידו להם להפיל אותם במדבר׃

Morphology

  • וישא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ידו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • להפיל: VERB,hiph,inf
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exod. 32:10 (verbal): After the golden calf Israel, God declares his intention to consume/destroy the people — language and intent parallel God ‘lifting up his hand’ to destroy them in the wilderness.
  • Num. 14:12 (verbal): In response to the spies' report and the people's rebellion God threatens to strike and disinherit them — another explicit divine threat to destroy Israel in the wilderness.
  • Ps.106:23 (structural): Immediate context in the same psalm: this verse states that Moses’ intercession prevented God from destroying Israel — directly connected to the account of God’s threatened action.
  • Ps.78:21-22 (thematic): Psalm 78 recounts Israel’s provocation and God’s wrath in the wilderness, including the intention to consume them — a parallel thematic retelling of the same wilderness crisis.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore he lifted his hand and struck them down in the wilderness,
27 and he cast their seed among the nations and scattered them among the lands.

Psa.106.27 - Details

Translation

and he cast their seed among the nations and scattered them among the lands.

Original Text

ולהפיל זרעם בגוים ולזרותם בארצות׃

Morphology

  • ולהפיל: CONJ+VERB,hifil,inf
  • זרעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
  • בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ולזרותם: CONJ+VERB,piel,inf,pr.3mp.obj
  • בארצות: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Leviticus 26:33 (allusion): The covenant curse: God threatens to 'scatter you among the nations' — Psalm 106 recalls this punishment language when describing Israel's dispersion.
  • Deuteronomy 28:64 (quotation): Deuteronomy explicitly declares, 'the LORD shall scatter thee among all people,' a near-verbatim source for the Psalm's statement about being cast and scattered among the nations.
  • 2 Kings 17:6 (thematic): Historical fulfillment: the Assyrian exile 'carried Israel away' and settled them in foreign regions, exemplifying the Psalm's account of God's people being cast among the nations.
  • Amos 9:9 (verbal): Prophetic imagery of God 'sifting' and scattering Israel 'among all nations' (like corn in a sieve) echoes the metaphor of seed cast and dispersed in the Psalm.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and he gave them over to be scattered among the nations and to be dispersed in the lands.
28 They yoked themselves to Baal of Peor and ate sacrifices offered to the dead.

Psa.106.28 - Details

Translation

They yoked themselves to Baal of Peor and ate sacrifices offered to the dead.

Original Text

ויצמדו לבעל פעור ויאכלו זבחי מתים׃

Morphology

  • ויצמדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • לבעל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פעור: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאכלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • זבחי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
  • מתים: NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 25:1-3 (quotation): The primary narrative source: Israelites yoked themselves to Baal‑Peor, engaged in sexual immorality, and worshiped/ate sacrifices to those gods—directly recounted in Psalm 106.
  • Numbers 25:6-9 (thematic): Continues the Baal‑Peor episode: Phinehas' zeal and the ensuing plague that punished those who joined Baal‑Peor, which Psalm 106 also summarizes.
  • Numbers 31:16 (allusion): Attributes Israel’s sin at Peor to the counsel of Balaam and the Midianite women—background explanation for the same transgression Psalm 106 describes.
  • Exodus 32:6 (verbal): Golden‑calf incident where the people offer sacrifices to an idol and feast—parallels the motif of idolatrous sacrifice and revelry found in Psalm 106:28.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:20-22 (thematic): New Testament reflection on eating food sacrificed to idols (identifying such sacrifices with demonic worship), echoing the theological problem implied by Israel’s eating of idol‑offerings at Peor.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They yoked themselves to Baal Peor and ate sacrifices offered to lifeless gods.
29 They provoked him with their deeds, and a plague broke out among them.

Psa.106.29 - Details

Translation

They provoked him with their deeds, and a plague broke out among them.

Original Text

ויכעיסו במעלליהם ותפרץ־ בם מגפה׃

Morphology

  • ויכעיסו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • במעלליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,pl
  • ותפרץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • בם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • מגפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:35 (verbal): After Israel's idolatry with the golden calf, 'the LORD plagued the people'—a direct verbal and situational parallel: sin provokes God and a plague breaks out.
  • Numbers 25:9 (verbal): Following Israel's sexual immorality at Peor, 'those who died by the plague were twenty-four thousand'—another explicit instance of covenantal transgression followed by deadly pestilence.
  • Numbers 16:46-48 (structural): Korah's revolt leads to a plague; Moses and Aaron perform cultic rites to halt it. Mirrors the sequence in Ps.106: provocation by the people, outbreak of plague, and priestly/leadership response.
  • Psalm 78:49-50 (verbal): Retelling Israel's history, the psalm says God 'let loose' his anger and 'gave their life over to the plague'—a thematic and verbal echo of Ps.106's account of divine punishment by pestilence.
  • Leviticus 26:25 (allusion): In the covenant curses God warns, 'I will bring a sword… and will send pestilence among you'—the legal/theological formulation of the same principle: disobedience brings plague.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They provoked him to anger with their deeds; a plague broke out among them.
30 Then Phinehas stood up and interposed, and the plague was stayed.

Psa.106.30 - Details

Translation

Then Phinehas stood up and interposed, and the plague was stayed.

Original Text

ויעמד פינחס ויפלל ותעצר המגפה׃

Morphology

  • ויעמד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • פינחס: NOUN,prop,m,sg
  • ויפלל: VERB,piel,wayyiq,3,m,sg
  • ותעצר: VERB,qal,wayyiq,3,f,sg
  • המגפה: NOUN,f,sg,def

Parallels

  • Numbers 25:7-9 (verbal): Direct narrative parallel: Phinehas takes decisive action (kills the Israelite and Midianite) and the plague is stopped—Psalm 106:30 is a condensed citation of this event.
  • Numbers 25:10-13 (thematic): Immediate theological aftermath of Phinehas' action—God rewards Phinehas with a covenant of peace and an everlasting priesthood; Psalm alludes to the significance of his intervention.
  • Exodus 32:26-29 (structural): Parallel episode where a leader (Moses) calls for the faithful to stand up and the Levites execute judgment against idolaters—similar pattern of decisive leaderly action to check communal sin and divine wrath.
  • 1 Corinthians 10:8 (allusion): Paul cites Israel's episode of sexual immorality and resulting death as a warning to Christians; his reference implicitly points to the same Numbers/Phinehas incident that Psalm 106:30 summarizes.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Phinehas stood up and intervened, and the plague was stopped.
31 It was counted to him for righteousness to all generations forever.

Psa.106.31 - Details

Translation

It was counted to him for righteousness to all generations forever.

Original Text

ותחשב לו לצדקה לדר ודר עד־ עולם׃

Morphology

  • ותחשב: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לצדקה: PREP
  • לדר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ודר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עד: PREP
  • עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Numbers 25:11-13 (allusion): Direct narrative source: God’s commendation of Phinehas for turning away His wrath and the granting of a covenant/everlasting priesthood—explains why Phinehas’ deed is ‘counted to him for righteousness for all generations.’
  • Genesis 15:6 (verbal): Uses the same idiom (‘counted/credited to him for righteousness’). Psalm’s wording echoes the formula applied to Abraham, linking righteous status to a divinely‑reckoned act.
  • Romans 4:3 (verbal): New Testament citation of Genesis 15:6 (‘Abraham believed and it was counted to him as righteousness’). Shows the same technical phraseology (‘counted as righteousness’) used theologically in later scriptural tradition.
  • 1 Chronicles 6:49-50 (structural): A parallel retelling of the Phinehas episode in the historical/chronistic tradition: Phinehas stands up, executes judgment, and the plague is stayed—mirroring the Psalm’s account and its claim about his reward.

Alternative generated candidates

  • And that was counted to him for righteousness from generation to generation forever.
32 They angered him also at the waters of strife, so that it went ill with Moses on their account;

Psa.106.32 - Details

Translation

They angered him also at the waters of strife, so that it went ill with Moses on their account;

Original Text

ויקציפו על־ מי מריבה וירע למשה בעבורם׃

Morphology

  • ויקציפו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • על: PREP
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • מריבה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וירע: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • למשה: PREP+PN,m,sg
  • בעבורם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,_,pl

Parallels

  • Numbers 20:10-13 (verbal): Same episode at the waters of Meribah: Moses rebukes the people, strikes the rock, and God is angry — Moses is punished and barred from entering the land for not sanctifying God.
  • Deuteronomy 32:51-52 (structural): Recounts the divine judgment on Moses 'at the waters of Meribah Kadesh' — explicitly links Moses' fate to that incident, echoing the Psalm's claim that it 'went ill with Moses.'
  • Psalm 78:17-22 (thematic): Psalm retells Israel's repeated provocations in the wilderness (demanding water/food) and God's displeasure — a Psalms-level parallel to the Meribah episode and its consequences.
  • Hebrews 3:16-19 (allusion): New Testament reflection on the wilderness generation's provocation and unbelief, and God's verdict that they would not enter his rest — thematically parallels the consequences of Meribah and rebellion.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They stirred up a quarrel at the waters; and Moses was displeased with them.
33 for they rebelled against his Spirit, and he spoke rashly with his lips.

Psa.106.33 - Details

Translation

for they rebelled against his Spirit, and he spoke rashly with his lips.

Original Text

כי־ המרו את־ רוחו ויבטא בשפתיו׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • המרו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רוחו: NOUN,f,sg,prsuf3ms
  • ויבטא: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • בשפתיו: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,suff

Parallels

  • Numbers 20:10-12 (structural): The Meribah episode where Israel provokes God and Moses speaks/acts improperly (striking the rock), which Psalm 106 connects with 'waters of strife' and Moses' ill-speaking.
  • Isaiah 63:10 (verbal): Uses nearly the same language—'they rebelled and vexed his Holy Spirit'—a close verbal echo of 'they provoked his spirit'.
  • Exodus 32:9-14 (thematic): The golden calf incident where Israel's rebellion provokes God's anger and Moses intercedes; thematically parallels Israel's provoking of God's spirit in Psalm 106.
  • Psalm 78:40-41 (thematic): A psalmic retelling of wilderness rebellions: 'How often did they provoke him in the wilderness,' thematically matching the charge that Israel provoked God's spirit.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For they provoked his spirit, so that he spoke rashly with his lips.
34 They did not destroy the nations, as the LORD commanded them,

Psa.106.34 - Details

Translation

They did not destroy the nations, as the LORD commanded them,

Original Text

לא־ השמידו את־ העמים אשר אמר יהוה להם׃

Morphology

  • לא: PART_NEG
  • השמידו: VERB,hiph,perf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • העמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • אמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 7:1-2 (verbal): God commands Israel to destroy the nations of Canaan and make no covenant with them — the same injunction Psalm 106 says Israel failed to carry out.
  • Deuteronomy 20:16-18 (verbal): Explicit wartime command to devote certain peoples to destruction (haram); parallels the Psalm’s charge that Israel did not utterly destroy the nations as ordered.
  • Joshua 23:12-13 (thematic): Joshua warns that leaving some of the nations will cause Israel to be ensnared and punished — echoes Psalm 106’s link between failure to destroy the nations and subsequent sin and judgment.
  • Judges 2:1-3 (thematic): The Angel of the LORD rebukes Israel for making covenants and not driving out the inhabitants, leading to God’s judgment — closely parallels Psalm 106’s indictment of Israel’s disobedience.
  • 1 Samuel 15:3 (verbal): Samuel’s command to Saul to ‘devote to destruction’ Amalek (no mercy) reflects the kind of divine command to destroy peoples that Psalm 106 says Israel neglected to obey.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They did not destroy the peoples, as the LORD commanded them,
35 but they mingled with the nations and learned their deeds.

Psa.106.35 - Details

Translation

but they mingled with the nations and learned their deeds.

Original Text

ויתערבו בגוים וילמדו מעשיהם׃

Morphology

  • ויתערבו: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,pl
  • בגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וילמדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • מעשיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 7:3-4 (verbal): Explicit prohibition against intermarrying or mixing with the nations because they will turn Israel to serve other gods—language and concern closely parallel Psalm's statement that Israel 'mixed with the nations' and learned their practices.
  • Numbers 25:1-3 (thematic): Narrative of Israelites consorting with Moabite women and worshiping Baal of Peor; a concrete instance of mixing with foreigners and adopting pagan practices like the behavior censured in the psalm.
  • Judges 2:11-13 (thematic): Summary of Israel's apostasy—'they forsook the LORD and served Baalim and Ashtaroth'—echoes the psalm's charge that contact with surrounding peoples led to adopting their ways.
  • 2 Kings 17:34-41 (verbal): Describes peoples who 'feared the LORD, yet served their own gods' after mingling with local populations; explicitly links mixing of populations with religious syncretism, mirroring Psalm 106:35.
  • Nehemiah 13:23-27 (thematic): Postexilic reform account rebuking Israelites for marrying foreign women and being led astray; another instance where intermarriage/mixing precipitates adoption of foreign religious practices.

Alternative generated candidates

  • but they mingled with the nations and learned their deeds,
36 They served their idols, which became a snare to them.

Psa.106.36 - Details

Translation

They served their idols, which became a snare to them.

Original Text

ויעבדו את־ עצביהם ויהיו להם למוקש׃

Morphology

  • ויעבדו: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • עצביהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • ויהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • למוקש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:4-6 (allusion): The golden calf episode: Israel makes and serves an idol — the historical event Psalm 106 recalls as Israel's idolatry.
  • Deuteronomy 4:28 (verbal): Warns that the people will serve man‑made gods 'and you will become a snare and a trap' — language close to Ps 106:36.
  • Judges 2:11-15 (thematic): After Joshua, Israel 'served Baals' and suffered divine punishment — parallels the cycle of apostasy and consequence reflected in Psalm 106.
  • 1 Samuel 12:10 (thematic): Samuel's summary of Israel's sin: they served Baal and Ashtaroth — another historical reference to the same pattern of idolatry cited by Psalm 106.
  • Psalm 115:4-8 (thematic): Denounces the impotence of idols and the folly of trusting them — thematically linked to the Psalm's portrayal of idols as a snare.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and served their idols, which became a snare to them.
37 They sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons,

Psa.106.37 - Details

Translation

They sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons,

Original Text

ויזבחו את־ בניהם ואת־ בנותיהם לשדים׃

Morphology

  • ויזבחו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • את: PRT,acc
  • בניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,pl
  • ואת: CONJ
  • בנותיהם: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • לשדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 78:58 (verbal): Uses the same imagery/phrasing of sacrificing sons and daughters to idols as a charge against Israel's unfaithfulness.
  • Jeremiah 32:35 (verbal): Condemns the practice of passing children through fire to Molech/high places; language closely parallels the psalm's accusation.
  • Deuteronomy 12:31 (thematic): Prohibits adopting the abominable practices of the nations, specifically noting that they burn their sons and daughters—background law against the behavior in Ps.106:37.
  • Leviticus 18:21 (thematic): Explicitly forbids giving offspring to Molech; provides the legal/ritual context for the psalm's condemnation.
  • Ezekiel 16:20-21 (verbal): Describes Israel sacrificing children to idols and 'defiling' themselves, echoing the psalm's depiction of idolatrous child sacrifice.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They sacrificed their sons and their daughters to the idols,
38 and they shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and their daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan; the land was polluted with blood.

Psa.106.38 - Details

Translation

and they shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and their daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan; the land was polluted with blood.

Original Text

וישפכו דם נקי דם־ בניהם ובנותיהם אשר זבחו לעצבי כנען ותחנף הארץ בדמים׃

Morphology

  • וישפכו: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,pl
  • דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • נקי: ADJ,m,sg
  • דם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בניהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,pl
  • ובנותיהם: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,cons+3,mp
  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • זבחו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • לעצבי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
  • כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותחנף: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • בדמים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 12:31 (verbal): Condemns imitating the detestable practices of the nations, stating they 'burn their sons and daughters in the fire to their gods,' directly echoing the Psalm's charge of child sacrifice to Canaanite idols.
  • Jeremiah 7:31 (verbal): Describes the high places of Topheth where people 'burn their sons and daughters in the fire,' using language and imagery parallel to the Psalm's condemnation of innocent bloodshed for idols.
  • Ezekiel 16:20-21 (verbal): Accuses Jerusalem of taking children and offering them up to idols, thereby polluting the land—closely paralleling the Psalm's linkage of child sacrifice, idol worship, and the land's defilement.
  • 2 Kings 21:6 (thematic): Reports that King Manasseh 'made his son pass through the fire' and practiced child sacrifice and idolatry—an historic example of the very abuses denounced in the Psalm.
  • Leviticus 18:21 (structural): Legal prohibition against giving offspring to Molech; provides the covenantal/halakhic background that frames the Psalm's moral outrage at child sacrifice to foreign idols.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and poured out innocent blood, the blood of their sons and daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan, and the land was defiled with blood.
39 They became unclean in their acts and played the harlot in their deeds.

Psa.106.39 - Details

Translation

They became unclean in their acts and played the harlot in their deeds.

Original Text

ויטמאו במעשיהם ויזנו במעלליהם׃

Morphology

  • ויטמאו: VERB,hithp,impf,3,m,pl
  • במעשיהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • ויזנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • במעלליהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 32:6 (thematic): After the golden calf episode the people 'rose up to play' and engaged in cultic revelry—an instance of idolatrous conduct that parallels being 'defiled by their deeds.'
  • Numbers 25:1-3 (thematic): Israelites committed sexual immorality with Moabite women and worshiped Baal‑peor—an explicit case of cultic/sexual prostitution reflected in Psalm 106:39's language.
  • Ezekiel 16:15-17 (allusion): Ezekiel charges Jerusalem with 'playing the whore' by offering sacrifices to her lovers—uses the same prostitution imagery for spiritual defilement and sinful deeds.
  • Hosea 4:12-14 (allusion): Hosea condemns Israel's priests and people for 'whoring' after other gods and illicit rites—parallel imagery of prostitution to describe covenant unfaithfulness.
  • Jeremiah 3:6-10 (thematic): Jeremiah recounts Israel's repeated adultery with other gods and God's response—themewise similar portrayal of idolatry as defilement and prostitution.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Thus they became unclean in their practices and played the harlot in their deeds.
40 Therefore the wrath of the LORD was kindled against his people, and he abhorred his heritage.

Psa.106.40 - Details

Translation

Therefore the wrath of the LORD was kindled against his people, and he abhorred his heritage.

Original Text

ויחר־ אף יהוה בעמו ויתעב את־ נחלתו׃

Morphology

  • ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
  • אף: ADV
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • בעמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss,3,m,sg
  • ויתעב: VERB,hitp,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • נחלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,suff:3,m

Parallels

  • Numbers 25:4 (verbal): Describes the LORD's wrath kindling against Israel after their sin at Peor—language of divine anger against the people parallels 'ויחר אף יהוה בעמו' (the Lord's anger was kindled against his people).
  • Exodus 32:10 (thematic): After the golden calf incident God declares his wrath will burn against the people ('now let me alone, that my wrath may wax hot against them'), a theme of divine fury and potential rejection like Psalm 106:40.
  • Deuteronomy 32:19 (verbal): Speaks of God seeing Israel's unfaithfulness and 'spurning' or abhorring them—echoes the idea of God abhorring his inheritance ('ויתעב את־ נחלתו').
  • Psalm 78:59 (structural): In a communal historical lament Psalm 78 recounts God's wrath and refusal of Israel for their idolatry—closely parallels Psalm 106's retrospective catalogue of sin and divine anger (both poems use similar structure and language).
  • Isaiah 5:25 (thematic): Proclaims that the LORD's anger was kindled against his people and he struck them—another prophetic statement of divine wrath and punishment for covenant unfaithfulness, thematically aligning with Ps 106:40.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Therefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against his people, and he abhorred his heritage.
41 He gave them into the hand of the nations, and those who hated them ruled over them.

Psa.106.41 - Details

Translation

He gave them into the hand of the nations, and those who hated them ruled over them.

Original Text

ויתנם ביד־ גוים וימשלו בהם שנאיהם׃

Morphology

  • ויתנם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,obj:3mp
  • ביד: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וימשלו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • שנאיהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Judges 2:14 (thematic): Same covenant pattern: Israel sins, the LORD’s anger is kindled, and He hands them over to their enemies to rule over them.
  • Leviticus 26:33 (verbal): God threatens to 'scatter' Israel among the nations and give them into others’ hands — language and consequence parallel the psalm’s hand-over to the nations.
  • Deuteronomy 28:25 (thematic): Part of the covenant curses: the LORD will deliver Israel before their enemies so they are routed and scattered — echoes the judgment described in Ps 106:41.
  • Psalm 44:11 (verbal): The community laments that God 'gave us up' and 'scattered us among the nations,' using similar imagery of being handed over to hostile peoples.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He gave them into the hand of the nations, and those who hated them ruled over them.
42 Their enemies oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand.

Psa.106.42 - Details

Translation

Their enemies oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand.

Original Text

וילחצום אויביהם ויכנעו תחת ידם׃

Morphology

  • וילחצום: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • אויביהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs+3mp
  • ויכנעו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • תחת: PREP
  • ידם: NOUN,m,sg,suff,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Judges 3:8 (verbal): The narrator says God 'sold them into the hand' of an oppressor—language very similar to 'gave them under their hand' describing Israel's subjection to enemies.
  • Judges 10:8 (verbal): Describes the LORD selling Israel into the hands of the Philistines, echoing the motif of being pressed and subdued by hostile powers.
  • 2 Kings 17:20 (thematic): Reports Israel being delivered into the hand of Assyria as divine judgment, paralleling the theme of Israel oppressed and brought low by enemies.
  • Deuteronomy 28:25 (thematic): A curse formula in which the LORD causes Israel to be defeated before their enemies—the covenantal background for the psalm’s depiction of subjection.
  • Psalm 44:11 (thematic): Speaks of God giving the people up to the foe and making them a reproach—a psalmic lament that mirrors the experience of being oppressed by enemies.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Their enemies oppressed them, and they were humbled under their power.
43 Many times he delivered them, yet they were rebellious in their counsel and humbled by their iniquity.

Psa.106.43 - Details

Translation

Many times he delivered them, yet they were rebellious in their counsel and humbled by their iniquity.

Original Text

פעמים רבות יצילם והמה ימרו בעצתם וימכו בעונם׃

Morphology

  • פעמים: NOUN,m,du,abs
  • רבות: ADJ,f,pl,abs
  • יצילם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • והמה: PRON,3,m,pl
  • ימרו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • בעצתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,const+PRON,3,pl,m
  • וימכו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • בעונם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const+PRON,3,pl,m

Parallels

  • Numbers 14:11-12 (thematic): God rebukes Israel’s persistent rebellion and threatens destruction after their counsel to reject entering Canaan—paralleling the motif of repeated deliverance followed by punishment for sin.
  • Psalm 78:34-37 (thematic): Recalls how God repeatedly saved Israel yet they continued to sin and test him, echoing Psalm 106’s contrast between frequent deliverance and ongoing rebellion.
  • Judges 2:16-19 (structural): Describes the cyclical pattern—Israel does evil, is oppressed, and God raises deliverers—mirroring the theme of deliverance amid recurrent disobedience and consequent judgment.
  • Exodus 32:11-14 (allusion): Moses intercedes when God threatens to destroy Israel for their sin at the golden calf; highlights the tension between divine willingness to punish and acts of deliverance or mercy noted in Psalm 106.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Many times he delivered them; but they were rebellious in their counsel and were brought low by their iniquity.
44 Nevertheless he regarded their distress when he heard their cry,

Psa.106.44 - Details

Translation

Nevertheless he regarded their distress when he heard their cry,

Original Text

וירא בצר להם בשמעו את־ רנתם׃

Morphology

  • וירא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בצר: PREP
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • בשמעו: PREP+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • את: PRT,acc
  • רנתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,suff:3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exodus 3:7 (verbal): God declares, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people... and I have heard their cry,” a close verbal echo of Ps 106:44’s report that God saw their affliction and heard their cry.
  • Exodus 2:24-25 (allusion): Narrative statement that God heard the Israelites’ groaning and looked upon them and remembered his covenant—an earlier account of God ‘seeing’ and ‘hearing’ Israel’s distress like Ps 106:44.
  • Psalm 34:6 (verbal): “This poor man cried, and the LORD heard him,” echoing the motif of a cry in distress and the LORD’s hearing found in Ps 106:44.
  • Psalm 18:6 (verbal): David’s plea “In my distress I called to the LORD... and he heard my voice,” paralleling the language of crying out in trouble and God’s hearing in Ps 106:44.
  • Psalm 22:24 (thematic): “He has not hidden his face from him, but has heard when he cried to him,” thematically paralleling God’s attentiveness to the afflicted and response to their cry in Ps 106:44.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Nevertheless he saw their affliction when he heard their cry,
45 and he remembered for them his covenant and relented according to the abundance of his steadfast love.

Psa.106.45 - Details

Translation

and he remembered for them his covenant and relented according to the abundance of his steadfast love.

Original Text

ויזכר להם בריתו וינחם כרב חסדיו׃

Morphology

  • ויזכר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
  • בריתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • וינחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
  • כרב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • חסדיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ps.105.8 (verbal): Uses the same claim that God 'remembered his covenant' (He hath remembered his covenant), directly echoing Ps.106:45's 'ויזכר להם בריתו.'
  • Exod.32.14 (verbal): After Moses' intercession the text says the LORD 'וינחם' (relented/repented), using the same verb as Ps.106:45's 'וינחם' for divine relenting in mercy.
  • Exod.34.6–7 (verbal): God's self‑description includes 'רב־חסד' ('abundant in steadfast love/mercies'), paralleling Ps.106:45's phrase 'כרב חסדיו' (according to the multitude of his mercies).
  • Jonah 3:10 (verbal): When Nineveh repents, 'וינחם ה''—God relents—using the identical verb and illustrating the motif of divine compassion and relenting found in Ps.106:45.
  • Ps.78.38 (thematic): Portrays God's compassion and forgiving disposition toward Israel ('נחם כרחמו' / he was merciful), echoing Ps.106:45's theme that God remembers his covenant and relents out of abundant mercy.

Alternative generated candidates

  • and he remembered for them his covenant and relented according to the abundance of his steadfast love.
46 He caused them to be pitied by all who held them captive.

Psa.106.46 - Details

Translation

He caused them to be pitied by all who held them captive.

Original Text

ויתן אותם לרחמים לפני כל־ שוביהם׃

Morphology

  • ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אותם: PRON,3,m,pl,obj
  • לרחמים: PREP
  • לפני: PREP
  • כל: DET
  • שוביהם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Exod.34:6 (verbal): Declares the LORD 'merciful and gracious, long‑suffering, and abundant in goodness'—the foundational language of divine mercy that underlies Psalm 106's report of God showing compassion and withholding wrath.
  • Ps.103:8-10 (thematic): Affirms God's mercy and forgiveness ('The LORD is merciful... he will not always chide')—parallels Psalm 106's theme that God relents, pardons the people, and spares them from destruction.
  • Ps.78:38 (verbal): 'But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity'—a close verbal/thematic parallel describing God’s compassion and forgiveness toward Israel after they sinned, as in Psalm 106.
  • Neh.9:17 (verbal): Speaks of God as 'ready to pardon, gracious and merciful' despite Israel's rebellion—echoes Psalm 106’s depiction of God granting mercy to a repentant but wayward people.
  • Joel 2:13 (thematic): Calls for return because 'the LORD is gracious and merciful, slow to anger'—links repentance and divine compassion, the same dynamic described in Psalm 106 where God's mercies bring pardon and deliverance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He made them objects of compassion in the presence of all who had carried them captive.
47 Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the nations, that we may give thanks to your holy name and glory in your praise.

Psa.106.47 - Details

Translation

Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the nations, that we may give thanks to your holy name and glory in your praise.

Original Text

הושיענו ׀ יהוה אלהינו וקבצנו מן־ הגוים להדות לשם קדשך להשתבח בתהלתך׃

Morphology

  • הושיענו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,sg,obj1pl
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:1,pl
  • וקבצנו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • מן: PREP
  • הגוים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • להדות: VERB,qal,inf
  • לשם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • קדשך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,ms
  • להשתבח: VERB,hitp,inf
  • בתהלתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,suff

Parallels

  • Psalm 79:8-9 (verbal): A direct plea for rescue framed for the sake of God's name: “Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of your name…,” echoing Ps 106:47’s petition to be saved for the praise of God’s name.
  • Psalm 107:2-3 (thematic): Speaks of the redeemed being gathered from the lands and giving thanks to the LORD—paralleling Ps 106:47’s request to gather from the nations so they may thank and praise God.
  • Psalm 105:1-2 (verbal): Calls for giving thanks and calling upon God’s name and making his deeds known among the peoples—matching Ps 106:47’s focus on thanksgiving and glorifying God’s holy name among the nations.
  • Isaiah 43:5-7 (thematic): God promises to bring Israel from the ends of the earth and that those called by his name are created for his glory—resonant with Ps 106:47’s theme of gathering and praising God’s name.
  • Ezekiel 20:34, 41 (thematic): God will gather Israel from the nations and sanctify his great name among them, linking the motifs of gathering from the peoples and praise/sanctification of God’s name found in Ps 106:47.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the nations, that we may give thanks to your holy name and glory in your praise.
48 Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting! And let all the people say, “Amen!” Praise the LORD.

Psa.106.48 - Details

Translation

Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting! And let all the people say, “Amen!” Praise the LORD.

Original Text

ברוך־ יהוה אלהי ישראל מן־ העולם ׀ ועד העולם ואמר כל־ העם אמן הללו־ יה׃

Morphology

  • ברוך: ADJ,m,sg
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • אלהי: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • מן: PREP
  • העולם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ועד: CONJ+PREP
  • העולם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • ואמר: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • אמן: INTJ
  • הללו: VERB,piel,imp,2,m,pl
  • יה: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • 1 Chronicles 16:35-36 (quotation): A nearly identical liturgical doxology: 'Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting.' Concludes a public worship narrative with the people saying 'Amen' and praising the LORD.
  • Psalm 41:13 (verbal): Uses the same blessing formula 'Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting' (doxological close), reflecting a common psalmic ending.
  • Psalm 72:18-19 (thematic): A doxological close blessing God's name 'forever' and ending with 'Amen and Amen'—shares the theme of perpetual praise and communal assent.
  • Psalm 115:18 (thematic): Declares blessing the LORD 'from this time forth and forevermore' and ends with 'Praise the LORD,' paralleling the perpetual, communal praise motif of Ps 106:48.
  • Nehemiah 9:5 (allusion): A Levites' liturgical summons to 'Stand up and bless the LORD your God from everlasting to everlasting,' echoing the same doxological language and public worship setting.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting! And let all the people say, 'Amen.' Hallelujah.

Bless the LORD, O my soul; and all that is within me, bless his holy name.

Bless the LORD, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits.

He forgives all your sins, he heals all your diseases;

he redeems your life from the pit, he crowns you with steadfast love and mercy;

he satisfies you with good so that your youth is renewed like the eagle's.

The LORD works righteousness and justice for all who are oppressed.

He made known his ways to Moses, his deeds to the people of Israel.

The LORD is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love.

He will not always accuse, nor will he keep his anger forever.

He has not dealt with us according to our sins, nor rewarded us according to our iniquities.

For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is his steadfast love toward those who fear him.

As far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us.

As a father pities his children, so the LORD pities those who fear him.

For he knows our frame; he remembers that we are dust.

Man—his days are like grass; he flourishes like a flower of the field;

for the wind passes over it, and it is gone; its place remembers it no more. But the steadfast love of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting on those who fear him, and his righteousness to children's children,

to those who keep his covenant and remember to do his commandments.

The LORD has established his throne in the heavens, and his kingdom rules over all.

Bless the LORD, you his angels, mighty in strength, who do his word, hearkening to the voice of his word.

Bless the LORD, all his hosts, his ministers who do his will.

Bless the LORD, all his works, in all places of his dominion. Bless the LORD, O my soul.

Bless the LORD, O my soul. O LORD my God, you are very great; you are clothed with splendour and majesty.

He wraps himself with light as with a garment; he stretches out the heavens like a tent.

He lays the beams of his chambers on the waters; he makes the clouds his chariot; he walks on the wings of the wind.

He makes his messengers winds, his ministers a flaming fire.

He set the earth on its foundations; it shall never be moved.

You covered it with the deep as with a garment; the waters stood above the mountains.

At your rebuke they flee; at the sound of your thunder they hasten away.

They go up the mountains, they go down to the valleys to the place you founded for them.

You set a boundary that they may not pass, so that they do not again cover the earth.

You send forth springs into the valleys; they run between the hills;

they give drink to every beast of the field; the wild donkeys quench their thirst.

Beside them the birds of the heavens dwell; from the branches they sing.

He waters the mountains from his upper rooms; the earth is satisfied with the fruit of your works.

He causes the grass to grow for the cattle, and vegetation for the service of man, to bring forth food from the earth;

wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil to make his face shine, and bread that sustains man's heart.

The trees of the LORD are full, the cedars of Lebanon that he planted;

where the birds make their nests; the stork has her home in the fir trees.

The high hills are for the wild goats; the rocks are a refuge for the conies.

He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows its setting.

You make darkness, and it is night, in which all the beasts of the forest prowl.

The young lions roar for their prey, seeking their food from God.

When the sun rises they withdraw and lie down in their dens.

Man goes forth to his work and to his labor until the evening.

O LORD, how manifold are your works! In wisdom you have made them all; the earth is full of your creatures.

Here is the sea, great and wide, with creatures innumerable, both small and great.

There go the ships, and Leviathan, whom you formed to play in it.

These all wait for you, that you may give them their food in due season.

When you give to them they gather; when you open your hand they are filled with good.

When you hide your face they are dismayed; when you take away their breath they die and return to their dust.

When you send forth your spirit they are created; and you renew the face of the ground.

May the glory of the LORD endure forever; may the LORD rejoice in his works.

He looks on the earth and it trembles; he touches the mountains and they smoke.

I will sing to the LORD while I live; I will sing praise to my God while I have being.

May my meditation be pleasant to him; I will rejoice in the LORD.

Let sinners be consumed from the earth, and let the wicked be no more. Bless the LORD, O my soul. Praise the LORD.

Give thanks to the LORD; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples.

Sing to him, sing praises to him; tell of all his wondrous works.

Glory in his holy name; let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice.

Seek the LORD and his strength; seek his face continually.

Remember the wonders he has done, his signs, and the judgments of his mouth.

O offspring of Abraham his servant, O sons of Jacob, his chosen ones.

He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth.

He remembers his covenant forever, the word that he commanded, for a thousand generations.

The covenant that he made with Abraham, his sworn promise to Isaac. And he confirmed it to Jacob as a statute, to Israel as an everlasting covenant:

saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan as your allotted inheritance.”

When they were few in number and sojourners in it,

wandering from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people,

he permitted no one to oppress them; he reproved kings for their sake,

saying, “Touch not my anointed, and do my prophets no harm.”

He called a famine upon the land and broke every staff of bread.

He sent before them a man—Joseph— who was sold as a slave.

They hurt his feet with fetters; his neck they put in a collar of iron;

until what he had said came to pass, the word of the LORD tested him.

The king sent and released him; the ruler of peoples set him free,

made him lord of his house and ruler of all his possessions,

to bind his princes at his pleasure and to teach his elders wisdom.

Israel came into Egypt; Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham. And he made his people exceedingly fruitful; he made them stronger than their foes.

He turned their hearts to hate his people, to deal craftily with his servants.

He sent Moses his servant, and Aaron whom he had chosen.

They performed his signs among them and wonders in the land of Ham.

He sent darkness, and made it dark; they did not rebel against his words.

He turned their waters into blood and killed their fish.

Their land swarmed with frogs, even in the chambers of their kings.

He spoke, and swarms of flies and gnats came into their borders.

He gave them hail for rain, and lightning into their land.

He struck their vines and fig trees and shattered the trees of their border.

He spoke, and there came locusts and caterpillars, without number,

which ate up all the vegetation in their land and devoured the fruit of their ground.

He struck all the firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of their strength.

He brought them forth with silver and gold; there was not one feeble person among their tribes.

Egypt was glad when they departed, for dread of them had fallen upon it.

He spread a cloud for a covering and fire to give light by night.

They asked, and he brought quail, and satisfied them with the bread of heaven.

He opened the rock, and water gushed out; it ran in the dry places like a river.

For he remembered his holy promise to Abraham his servant.

He brought forth his people with joy, his chosen with singing.

He gave them the lands of the nations, and they took possession of the fruit of the peoples' toil,

that they might keep his statutes and observe his laws. Praise the LORD.

Hallelujah! Give thanks to the LORD, for he is good; for his steadfast love endures forever.

Who can utter the mighty deeds of the LORD, or declare all his praise?

Blessed are they who observe justice, who do righteousness at all times.

Remember me, O LORD, when you show favor to your people; visit me with your salvation,

that I may see the prosperity of your chosen, that I may rejoice in the gladness of your nation, that I may glory with your heritage.

We have sinned with our fathers; we have dealt perversely; we have done wickedly.

Our fathers in Egypt did not understand your wonders; they forgot the abundance of your mercies, and they rebelled by the sea, the Sea of Reeds.

Yet he saved them for his name's sake, to make known his mighty power.

He rebuked the Red Sea, and it was dried up; he led them through the depths as through a desert.

He saved them from the hand of the foe, and redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.

The waters covered their adversaries; not one of them was left.

Then they believed his words; they sang his praise. But they soon forgot his works; they did not wait for his counsel.

They lusted in the wilderness and tested God in the desert.

He gave them their request, but sent leanness into their soul.

They envied Moses in the camp, and Aaron the holy one of the LORD.

The earth opened and swallowed Dathan and covered the company of Abiram.

Fire also broke out among their company; a flame consumed the wicked.

They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a molten image.

They exchanged their glory for the likeness of a bull that eats grass.

They forgot God their savior, who had done great things in Egypt,

wondrous works in the land of Ham, and fearful deeds by the Sea of Reeds.

Therefore he said that he would destroy them— had not Moses his chosen stood before him in the breach to turn away his wrath, lest he should destroy them.

They despised the pleasant land; they did not believe his word;

but they murmured in their tents and did not heed the voice of the LORD.

Therefore he lifted his hand and struck them down in the wilderness,

and he cast their seed among the nations and scattered them among the lands.

They yoked themselves to Baal of Peor and ate sacrifices offered to the dead.

They provoked him with their deeds, and a plague broke out among them.

Then Phinehas stood up and interposed, and the plague was stayed.

It was counted to him for righteousness to all generations forever.

They angered him also at the waters of strife, so that it went ill with Moses on their account;

for they rebelled against his Spirit, and he spoke rashly with his lips.

They did not destroy the nations, as the LORD commanded them,

but they mingled with the nations and learned their deeds.

They served their idols, which became a snare to them.

They sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons,

and they shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and their daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan; the land was polluted with blood.

They became unclean in their acts and played the harlot in their deeds.

Therefore the wrath of the LORD was kindled against his people, and he abhorred his heritage.

He gave them into the hand of the nations, and those who hated them ruled over them.

Their enemies oppressed them, and they were brought into subjection under their hand.

Many times he delivered them, yet they were rebellious in their counsel and humbled by their iniquity.

Nevertheless he regarded their distress when he heard their cry,

and he remembered for them his covenant and relented according to the abundance of his steadfast love.

He caused them to be pitied by all who held them captive.

Save us, O LORD our God, and gather us from among the nations, that we may give thanks to your holy name and glory in your praise.

Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting! And let all the people say, “Amen!” Praise the LORD.