A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment
Isaiah 33:1-24
Isa.33.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הוי: INTJ
- שודד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואתה: CONJ+PRON,2,m,sg
- לא: PART_NEG
- שדוד: VERB,pual,perf,3,m,sg
- ובוגד: CONJ+VERB,qal,ptc,act,m,sg
- ולא: CONJ
- בגדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- כהתמך: CONJ+VERB,hitp,impf,2,m,sg
- שודד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תושד: VERB,pual,impf,3,m,sg
- כנלתך: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- לבגד: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
- יבגדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
Parallels
- Obadiah 1:10-15 (thematic): Condemns a nation for violence against a kin (Edom against Jacob) and announces a reversal—those who plunder will themselves be plundered and humiliated.
- Nahum 3:1-3 (thematic): Pronounces woe on a violent, plundering city (Nineveh); like Isa 33:1 it depicts the fall and despoiling of an oppressor.
- Proverbs 26:27 (verbal): Proverbial expression of poetic justice—‘whoever digs a pit will fall into it’—echoing the idea that the plunderer’s actions rebound on him.
- Galatians 6:7 (thematic): New Testament formulation of moral causality—‘you reap what you sow’—paralleling the Isaiah theme that treachery and plunder bring reciprocal judgment.
- Isaiah 10:5-12 (structural): Within the same prophetic corpus Assyria is portrayed as God’s instrument who plunders but will in turn be judged—a structural parallel of reversal and divine retribution.
Alternative generated candidates
- Woe to the robber who is not robbed, and to the traitor who is not betrayed! When you relied on plunder, plunder shall be taken from you; when you trusted your spoil, your spoil shall betray you.
- Woe to you who plunder, though you have not been plundered; and to you who deal treacherously, though they have not dealt treacherously with you! When you cease to plunder you shall be plundered; when you make an end of treachery they shall deal treacherously with you.
Isa.33.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- חננו: VERB,piel,impv,2,ms,OBJ,1,pl
- לך: PRON,2,m,sg
- קוינו: VERB,qal,perf,1,pl
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- זרעם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,PRON,3,pl
- לבקרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אף: ADV
- ישועתנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,PRON,1,pl
- בעת: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- צרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 33:20 (thematic): Both speak of waiting for the LORD and looking to him as help/shield—Isaiah's plea for the LORD's gracious help parallels the psalm's trust in God as protector.
- Psalm 40:1 (verbal): The motif of patient waiting for the LORD and receiving deliverance echoes Isaiah's petition ('we have waited for you') and request for salvation in time of trouble.
- Lamentations 3:25-26 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD is good to those who wait and that waiting for the LORD brings salvation/relief—resonates with Isaiah's appeal for divine help in distress.
- Habakkuk 3:19 (verbal): Uses the image of the LORD as strength/'arm'—Habakkuk's depiction of God as the believer's strength parallels Isaiah's request that God be their 'arm' and salvation.
- Psalm 46:1 (thematic): Describes God as a present help/stronghold in times of trouble, matching Isaiah's plea for God's saving aid in the day of distress.
Alternative generated candidates
- O LORD, be gracious to us; we wait for you. Be our arm at dawn—indeed our salvation in the time of trouble.
- O LORD, be gracious to us; we wait for you. Be our arm every morning, our salvation in time of distress.
Isa.33.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- מקול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- המון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- נדדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- מרוממתך: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,f
- נפצו: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,pl
- גוים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Ps.68:1 (verbal): Explicitly echoes the motif and wording of God arising and enemies/nations being scattered—'Let God arise, let his enemies be scattered; let those who hate him flee before him.'
- Hab.3:6 (verbal): Theophanic language of God rising and causing the nations to tremble/quake parallels Isaiah's image of nations fleeing and being scattered when God is exalted.
- Exod.15:14–16 (thematic): After God’s victory at the Sea the peoples hear and tremble and leaders of hostile nations are seized with fear—parallel theme of nations fleeing at God's act of deliverance/judgment.
- Isa.2:12–17 (thematic): Contextual Isaiah parallel: the LORD's exaltation humbles the proud and causes the loftiness of nations/men to be brought low, a similar theme of divine uplifting leading to scattering/humbling of nations.
Alternative generated candidates
- At the sound of the tumult nations will flee; when you are exalted, peoples will be scattered.
- At the sound of the tumult the nations will flee; when you are exalted the peoples will scatter.
Isa.33.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- שללכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+SUFF,2,m,pl
- אסף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- החסיל: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כמשק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- שוקק: ADJ,m,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Joel 1:4 (Hebrew 1:6) (verbal): Uses the same sequence of crop‑devouring insects (palmerworm/חָסִיל, locusts, cankerworm, caterpillar); direct shared vocabulary and image of a swarm consuming the land and spoil.
- Joel 2:25 (thematic): Locusts as an agent of divine judgment that consume the yield; Joel promises restoration of what the locusts ate, thematically linked to Isaiah’s image of gathered spoil after a devastating swarm.
- Exodus 10:12–15 (allusion): The plague of locusts in Egypt—massive swarms that devour the land—provides the prototypical biblical image behind Isaiah’s comparison of spoil gathered like locusts.
- Isaiah 10:6 (thematic): Both passages speak of an invading power taking spoil (שׁלל) as divine judgment; Isaiah 10 portrays Assyria gathering plunder, thematically parallel to the spoil imagery in Isa. 33:4.
- Revelation 9:3–4 (allusion): Apocalyptic locust imagery (swarming, destructive forces) echoes the Old Testament motif of locusts as agents that ravage and ‘gather’ spoil, reflecting a later literary echo of Isaiah’s picture.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will gather your spoil; he will seize the prey—like a reaper gathering the harvest, a throng will fill it.
- He will gather your spoil—he will take the plunder; like a swarm there will be a loud buzzing in it.
Isa.33.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נשגב: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- שכן: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- מרום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלא: ADJ,m,sg
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצדקה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 9:7 (verbal): Speaks of the LORD enthroned forever and establishing a throne for judgment—parallels Isaiah's language of God seated on high and filling Zion with justice.
- Psalm 11:4 (thematic): Declares the LORD's heavenly throne and sovereign watchfulness, echoing the motif of God's exalted dwelling 'on high' that grounds Isaiah's promise of justice.
- Isaiah 6:1 (structural): Describes the LORD 'high and lifted up' seated on a throne, a closely related image of divine majesty and heavenly habitation found in Isaiah 33:5.
- Isaiah 1:26 (thematic): Promises restoration of righteous judges and that the city will be called 'the city of righteousness,' paralleling the promise that Zion will be filled with justice and righteousness.
- Jeremiah 23:5-6 (allusion): Foretells a righteous Davidic ruler who will 'execute justice and righteousness,' resonating with Isaiah's vision of God filling Zion with justice and rightness.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD is exalted; for he dwells on high. Zion is full of justice and righteousness.
- Exalted is the LORD; for he dwells on high. Zion is filled with justice and righteousness.
Isa.33.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והיה: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- אמונת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- עתיך: NOUN,f,sg,cons,2,m,sg
- חסן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ישועת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- חכמת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- ודעת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יראת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- היא: PRON,dem,3,f,sg
- אוצרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Proverbs 9:10 (verbal): 'The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom' parallels Isaiah's linking of wisdom and knowledge with the fear of YHWH as a treasured source.
- Proverbs 1:7 (verbal): 'The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge' echoes Isaiah's equation of knowledge and wisdom with the fear of the LORD.
- Job 28:28 (verbal): 'Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom' directly parallels Isaiah's identification of the fear of YHWH as the root/treasure of wisdom and knowledge.
- Isaiah 11:2–3 (verbal): The Spirit bestows 'wisdom and understanding... the fear of the LORD'—a close lexical and theological parallel to Isaiah 33:6's listing of wisdom, knowledge and the fear of YHWH.
- Jeremiah 9:23–24 (thematic): Emphasizes that true wisdom and understanding consist in knowing the LORD (and his justice/steadfast love), resonating with Isaiah's presentation of wisdom/knowledge grounded in the fear/knowledge of YHWH.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will be the stability of your times, a rich salvation—wisdom and knowledge; the fear of the LORD is his treasure.
- He will be the stability of your times, a wealth of salvation, wisdom and knowledge— the fear of the LORD is his treasure.
Isa.33.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הן: PART
- אראלם: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- צעקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- חצה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מלאכי: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- שלום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יבכיון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 52:7 (verbal): Both verses speak of 'messengers/ambassadors of peace' (52:7 praises the beautiful feet of those who bring good news; 33:7 depicts such envoys as weeping), creating a verbal and thematic contrast between proclaimed peace and failed/delayed peace.
- Psalm 120:6 (thematic): The psalmist declares love of peace but lives among those who hate it; parallels 33:7's image of peacemakers crying out because peace is rejected or unattainable.
- Jeremiah 8:21–22 (thematic): Jeremiah laments the nation's suffering and the absence of healing or deliverance—echoing Isaiah 33:7's sorrowful cries and the sense that expected relief or reconciliation has not come.
- Lamentations 1:4 (thematic): Lamentations portrays a desolated city, mournful roads and absent visitors; thematically parallels Isaiah 33's scene of weeping envoys, ruined highways and the breakdown of normal peaceable intercourse.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, their brave officers cry in the streets; the messengers of peace weep bitterly.
- Behold, their warriors cry aloud; the messengers of peace weep bitterly.
Isa.33.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נשמו: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- מסלות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שבת: VERB,qal,inf
- עבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הפר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ברית: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מאס: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- חשב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 24:5 (verbal): Both passages link social covenant-breaking to ensuing desolation; Isaiah 24:5 explicitly says the people 'have broken the everlasting covenant,' a verbal/thematic analogue to Isaiah 33:8's charge of covenant rejection.
- Isaiah 5:9-10 (structural): Shares the imagery of houses and lands left uninhabited after divine judgment (houses desolate, fields unproductive), paralleling Isa.33:8's picture of deserted roads and cities.
- Jeremiah 9:11 (thematic): Foretells cities of Judah made a heap and desolate, 'without inhabitant,' echoing the theme of ruined cities and empty ways in Isaiah 33:8.
- Psalm 107:4-5 (thematic): Describes wayfarers wandering in wastelands who 'found no city to dwell in,' resonating with Isa.33:8's motif of deserted highways and the cessation of travelers.
Alternative generated candidates
- The roads of the land lie desolate; travelers abandon the way. The treaty is rejected; the cities are deserted—no one dwells in them.
- The roads are deserted; travelers turn aside. The covenant is broken; the city is neglected; no one gives heed.
Isa.33.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אבל: CONJ
- אמללה: ADJ,f,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- החפיר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לבנון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- קמל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- השרון: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כערבה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונער: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשן: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וכרמל: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Isaiah 24:4-6 (verbal): Uses nearly identical language of the earth mourning, drying up, and nations/people languishing — a parallel prophetic depiction of widespread desolation.
- Joel 1:10-12 (thematic): Describes fields ruined, grain blasted and the land mourning after catastrophe (locusts/drought) — similar agricultural imagery of devastation.
- Jeremiah 12:4 (verbal): The prophet asks, 'How long will the land mourn, and the grass of every field wither?' echoing Isaiah’s lament over withered regions.
- Hosea 4:3 (verbal): 'Therefore the land mourns, and all who dwell in it languish' — links sin and judgment to the mourning of the land, closely matching Isaiah’s motif of regional desolation.
Alternative generated candidates
- Alas! The land mourns and languishes; Lebanon is ashamed and withers; Sharon becomes like a desert, and Bashan and Carmel are stripped.
- What sorrow, the land mourns and wastes away; Lebanon is ashamed and withers; Sharon is like a desert, and Bashan and Carmel decay.
Isa.33.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- עתה: ADV
- אקום: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
- יאמר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עתה: ADV
- ארומם: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
- עתה: ADV
- אנשא: VERB,hiph,impf,1,m,sg
Parallels
- Psalm 46:10 (verbal): Both verses feature the declaration ‘I will be exalted/ lifted up’—Psalm 46:10: “I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted in the earth,” echoing the language of God’s rising and being lifted up in Isa. 33:10.
- Isaiah 42:13 (thematic): Isaiah depicts the LORD arising to act like a warrior who goes forth against enemies (’The LORD will go forth as a mighty man’), paralleling Isa. 33:10’s theme of God’s decisive rising and exaltation to accomplish judgment/salvation.
- Isaiah 52:10 (allusion): Isaiah 52:10 announces the revealing/exalting of the LORD’s power to the nations (‘the LORD has bared his holy arm… all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God’), resonating with Isa. 33:10’s motif of God rising and being lifted up for all to see.
- Habakkuk 3:3–6 (thematic): Habakkuk’s theophany language (‘God came from Teman… he stood and shook the earth’) portrays God arising and manifesting his power—thematically parallel to Isa. 33:10’s proclamation that the LORD will arise and be exalted.
Alternative generated candidates
- "Now will I arise," says the LORD; "now will I be exalted; now will I be lifted up."
- Now I will arise, says the LORD; now I will be exalted; now I will be lifted up.
Isa.33.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- תהרו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- חשש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- תלדו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- קש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רוחכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+2,m,pl
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- תאכלכם: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg+2,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 13:8 (verbal): Both verses employ childbirth imagery—'pangs and sorrows'/'as a woman that travaileth'—to portray terror and acute distress in the face of coming judgment.
- Isaiah 21:3 (verbal): Uses the same phraseology ('pangs of a woman that travaileth') to describe overwhelming alarm and pain at the news of disaster, echoing the labor/anguish motif of Isa 33:11.
- Jeremiah 4:31 (verbal): Jeremiah hears 'a voice as of a woman in travail,' employing the childbirth-lament image for communal anguish over impending destruction, closely paralleling Isa 33:11's metaphor.
- Isaiah 26:17-18 (thematic): Develops the childbirth/pangs motif to describe the people's suffering and failure to bring forth deliverance—themewise related to the labor imagery and helplessness in Isa 33:11.
Alternative generated candidates
- Tremble, you who live at ease; be afraid! You bring forth only chaff—your spirit is like straw; fire will consume you.
- Tremble and be ashamed—let pangs seize you; give birth to shame; your spirit is like dry straw, and fire will devour you.
Isa.33.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והיו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עמים: NOUN,pl,m,abs
- משרפות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- שיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- קוצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- כסוחים: ADJ,m,pl
- באש: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יצתו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 10:17 (verbal): Uses the same image of fire consuming 'thorns and briers'—the nation's enemies (or vegetative metaphors) are devoured by flame, closely echoing the language of Isa.33:12.
- Isaiah 1:31 (verbal): Speaks of the strong and their works becoming tinder and sparks that burn with no one to quench them—parallels the motif of peoples/forces consumed by unquenchable fire.
- Isaiah 34:9-10 (thematic): Describes God's judgment leaving the land a burning, unquenchable waste where vegetation is consumed—a broader development of the same theme of nations and plants destroyed by divine fire.
Alternative generated candidates
- Nations will be as fuel; the arms of plunderers—like armfuls of thorns—will be kindled in the fire.
- Nations will be as fuel for a consuming fire; like bundles of cut thorns they will be set ablaze.
Isa.33.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- רחוקים: ADJ,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- עשיתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,sg
- ודעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,NA,pl
- קרובים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- גברתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
Parallels
- Isaiah 49:1 (verbal): Begins with an imperative to 'listen/hearken' and addresses those 'from far,' echoing the summons to distant hearers and God's call/action.
- Isaiah 57:19 (verbal): Uses the explicit pair 'to him that is far off, and to him that is near,' paralleling Isaiah 33:13's near/far address and divine promise of restoration/word.
- Acts 2:39 (allusion): Peter's declaration that the promise is 'to you... and to all that are afar off' echoes the prophetic inclusion of near and far in receiving God's word/works.
- Psalm 50:1 (thematic): A summons of the Mighty God who 'speaks and calls' the whole earth from sunrise to sunset—paralleling Isaiah's call for distant and near to hear and acknowledge God's deeds.
Alternative generated candidates
- Hear, you who are far off, what I have done; and you who are near, acknowledge my might.
- Hear, you far-off ones, what I have done; and you near ones, acknowledge my might.
Isa.33.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- פחדו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בציון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- חטאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אחזה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- רעדה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- חנפים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- יגור: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- אש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אוכלה: VERB,qal,ptc,f,sg
- מי: PRON,interr,sg
- יגור: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- מוקדי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- עולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 4:24 (verbal): Uses the formula 'the Lord your God is a consuming fire'—the same imagery of God as consuming/eternal fire that provokes the question who may dwell with Him in Isaiah 33:14.
- Malachi 3:2-3 (verbal): Asks 'Who can endure the day of his coming?' and depicts God as a refiner's/consuming fire purifying the righteous and judging the wicked, closely parallel to the fear and question in Isa 33:14.
- Isaiah 6:5 (thematic): Isaiah's vision produces terror and the confession of uncleanness before the holy God—similar response language (fear, trembling, inability to 'dwell' in God's presence) found in Isa 33:14.
- Nahum 1:6 (thematic): Speaks of God's wrath as a consuming fire and asks rhetorically who can stand before his indignation—echoing the theme of fear and inability to endure God's consuming presence in Isa 33:14.
- Hebrews 12:29 (quotation): New Testament citation of the OT motif 'our God is a consuming fire,' explicitly applying the consuming-fire language of divine holiness/judgment that underlies Isaiah 33:14.
Alternative generated candidates
- Sinners in Zion are terrified; the godless seize with trembling. Who among us can dwell with devouring fire? Who among us can dwell with everlasting burnings?
- The sinners in Zion are afraid; trembling seizes the godless: Who among us can dwell with consuming fire? Who among us can dwell with everlasting burnings?
Isa.33.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- צדקות: NOUN,f,pl,constr
- ודבר: VERB,qal,fut,3,m,sg
- מישרים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מאס: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בבצע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעשקות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- נער: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כפיו: NOUN,f,pl,poss,3,m
- מתמך: VERB,hitpael,ptc,ms
- בשחד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אטם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אזנו: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- משמע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- דמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ועצם: NOUN,m,sg,abs,pref:wa
- עיניו: NOUN,f,pl,suff
- מראות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ברע: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 15:1-5 (verbal): Closely parallels wording and motif — the person who walks uprightly, refuses extortion and bribes, and keeps from doing evil; Psalm 15 functions as a near-echo of Isaiah 33:15's ethical portrait.
- Ezekiel 18:5-9 (thematic): Describes the righteous person who does not oppress, returns pledge, keeps God's statutes and refuses bribery — thematically parallels Isaiah's list of moral behaviors and social justice.
- Micah 6:8 (thematic): Summarizes what God requires: to act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly — resonates with Isaiah's emphasis on righteous conduct and justice rather than violence or bribery.
- Deuteronomy 16:19 (verbal): Prohibits taking bribes because they blind justice and pervert the cause of the righteous — directly relates to Isaiah's injunction to refuse bribery and shun unjust gain.
Alternative generated candidates
- He who walks in righteousness and speaks uprightly; who despises gain from extortion, who shakes his hands from taking bribes, stops his ears from hearing of blood and shuts his eyes from looking upon evil.
- He who walks in righteousness and speaks uprightly, who rejects gain from extortion, who keeps his hands from taking bribes, who stops his ears from hearing of blood and shuts his eyes from looking at evil—
Isa.33.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- מרומים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- ישכן: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- מצדות: NOUN,f,pl,cstr
- סלעים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- משגבו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3ms
- לחמו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- מימיו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs,3ms
- נאמנים: ADJ,m,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 18:2 (verbal): Uses the same fortress/rock imagery (rock, fortress, deliverer) to describe God as protection—parallel to 'his place of defense will be the fortresses of rocks.'
- Psalm 27:5 (thematic): Speaks of God hiding and setting the psalmist 'high upon a rock' (a place of safety), echoing Isaiah's theme of dwelling on high and secure refuge.
- Proverbs 18:10 (verbal): Describes the LORD's name as a 'strong tower' into which the righteous run for safety—parallel fortress/tower language about refuge and security.
- Psalm 36:8 (thematic): Speaks of God providing abundant food and drink ('they feast on the abundance of your house; you give them drink from your river'), echoing Isaiah's promise of bread and sure waters for the one who dwells on high.
Alternative generated candidates
- He will dwell on high; his refuge will be the stronghold of rocks. Bread will be given him, and his water will be sure.
- he shall dwell on high; his refuge shall be the munitions of rocks; his bread shall be given, his water shall be sure.
Isa.33.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- ביפיו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- תחזינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- עיניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
- תראינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מרחקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 27:4 (verbal): Speaks of longing to 'behold the beauty of the LORD'—similar Hebrew imagery of seeing the Lord/king in his beauty.
- Psalm 45:2 (verbal): A royal wedding/king-song that praises the king's beauty and majesty, paralleling Isaiah's vision of the king in his glory.
- Isaiah 60:5 (thematic): Promises that those who see the future salvation will 'see and be radiant'—linked eschatological motif of beholding a glorious reality.
- 1 John 3:2 (thematic): Eschatological promise 'we shall see him as he is,' echoing Isaiah's assurance that eyes will behold the (future) king.
- Revelation 22:4 (allusion): The saved 'will see his face' in the consummation—New Testament fulfillment language for the vision of the king in his beauty.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your eyes shall behold the king in his beauty; your eyes shall see the land from afar.
- Your eyes will behold the king in his beauty; your gaze will see a land stretching far off.
Isa.33.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לבך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
- יהגה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- אימה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- איה: ADV,interr
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איה: ADV,interr
- שקל: NOUN,m,sg,cstr
- איה: ADV,interr
- ספר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- המגדלים: NOUN,m,pl,def
Parallels
- Daniel 5:27 (verbal): Uses weighing imagery (Tekel—'you have been weighed')—direct verbal parallel to 'who weighs?' and the idea of judgment by scales.
- Luke 14:28 (verbal): Jesus' example of a builder 'counting the cost' and 'counting the tower' closely echoes the image of counting/measuring towers in Isaiah 33:18.
- Job 31:6 (verbal): Job asks to be 'weighed in an even balance,' using the same scale/weight motif as Isaiah's 'who weighs?,' linking personal assessment and verdict.
- Ezekiel 40:3-5 (structural): Ezekiel's measuring of the temple and city (with a measuring reed) parallels the concrete act of measuring/counting towers and structures evoked in Isaiah 33:18.
- Proverbs 11:1 (thematic): The proverb's concern with balances and weights ('a false balance is abomination') resonates thematically with Isaiah's rhetorical questions about who counts and who weighs—issues of assessment, justice, and reliability.
Alternative generated candidates
- Your heart will meditate on terror: "Where is the scribe? Where is the recorder? Where is he who counts the towers?"
- Your heart will muse on dread: “Where is the scribe? Where is the recorder? Where is the place of reckoning? Where are the towers?”
Isa.33.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- את: PRT,acc
- עם: PREP
- נועז: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- תראה: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- עם: PREP
- עמקי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- שפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- משמוע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נלעג: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- לשון: NOUN,f,sg,constr
- אין: PART,neg
- בינה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Genesis 11:7-9 (verbal): God confuses the peoples' language so that they 'will not understand one another's speech' — similar image of unintelligible/stammering tongues.
- Deuteronomy 28:49-50 (thematic): Prophecy of an invading nation 'whose language you do not know' — echoes the theme of a foreign, unintelligible speech among peoples.
- Exodus 4:10-11 (verbal): Moses' complaint 'I am slow of speech and slow of tongue' and God's response — a parallel concern with inability to speak clearly or be understood.
- Judges 12:6 (thematic): The Gileadites use a pronunciation test ('Shibboleth') to detect and exclude those who cannot pronounce a word — a concrete instance of speech differences and unintelligibility distinguishing peoples.
Alternative generated candidates
- You will not see a haughty people there; a people of strange speech, whose tongue you cannot understand, you will not find.
- You will not see a people strong—a people of foreign speech, of stammering tongue, whose words you cannot understand.
Isa.33.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- חזה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- ציון: NOUN,prop,f,sg,abs
- קרית: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- מועדנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,pl
- עיניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
- תראינה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
- ירושלם: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- נוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- שאנן: ADJ,m,sg
- אהל: NOUN,m,sg,construct
- בל: PART
- יצען: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- בל: PART
- יסע: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- יתדתיו: NOUN,f,pl,abs,3,m,sg
- לנצח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- חבליו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,3,m,sg
- בל: PART
- ינתקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
Parallels
- Isaiah 32:18 (verbal): Speaks of the people living in 'a peaceful habitation' and 'secure dwellings,' closely echoing Isaiah 33:20’s image of an undisturbed, immovable dwelling.
- Psalm 125:1-2 (verbal): Compares those who trust in the LORD to Mount Zion that cannot be moved and endures forever—paralleling the language of tents/stakes that will not be pulled up.
- Psalm 48:1-3 (thematic): Presents Zion/Jerusalem as the city of God and a secure stronghold, resonating with Isaiah 33:20’s portrayal of Jerusalem as a tranquil, established city.
- Deuteronomy 16:16 (allusion): Commands Israel’s pilgrimage to the appointed place for the festivals; echoes the designation 'city of our appointed feasts' (קרית מועדנו) in Isaiah 33:20.
- Ezekiel 37:26-28 (thematic): Promises God's permanent dwelling with Israel and a lasting, sanctified presence among the nations—paralleling the theme of enduring security and divine presence in Jerusalem.
Alternative generated candidates
- Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts; your eyes will behold Jerusalem—a peaceful habitation, an undisturbed tent; its stakes will not be removed forever, nor will any of its cords be broken.
- Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts; your eyes will see Jerusalem a quiet habitation, a tent that will not be moved; its stakes will never be pulled up, nor will any of its cords be broken.
Isa.33.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- אם: CONJ
- שם: ADV
- אדיר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לנו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נהרים: NOUN,m,du,abs
- יארים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- רחבי: ADJ,m,pl,const
- ידים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- בל: PART
- תלך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- אני: PRON,1,sg
- שיט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וצי: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אדיר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעברנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg+PRON,1,pl
Parallels
- Psalm 46:4-5 (verbal): Both portray a river or streams associated with God's presence in the city of God; God's nearness makes the city secure ('God is in the midst of her; she shall not be moved'), echoing Isaiah's 'there the LORD will be glorious for us; a place of broad rivers.'
- Ezekiel 47:1-12 (thematic): Ezekiel's vision of water flowing from the temple that brings life and transformation parallels Isaiah's image of a place characterized by broad streams tied to the LORD's presence and blessing.
- Zechariah 14:8 (thematic): Zechariah depicts 'living waters' flowing from Jerusalem in the eschatological day—closely resonant with Isaiah's association of the LORD's place and broad/rich waters issuing from Zion.
- Isaiah 30:25 (structural): Earlier Isaiah passage uses similar restorative water imagery—'on every high mountain and every elevated hill there will be brooks and streams'—linking the theme of God's future blessing with abundant waters and secure habitation.
Alternative generated candidates
- For there the LORD will be glorious for us—a place of broad rivers and streams; no ship with oars shall pass there, nor will stately vessel cross.
- But there the LORD in majesty will be for us a place of broad rivers and streams; no galley with oars shall pass there, nor stately ship shall sail by.
Isa.33.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- שפטנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cp.suff
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מחקקנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+1cp.suff
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- מלכנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,suff_1pl
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- יושיענו: VERB,hiph,imprf,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Deut.32:36 (thematic): Both portray YHWH as the ultimate judge who vindicates and shows compassion to his people—linking divine judgment with deliverance (judging and saving the faithful).
- Isa.11:3-5 (thematic): Describes the coming ruler who judges righteously and executes justice—echoes the tripartite role (judge/leader/king) and the righteous saving rule associated with God’s anointed.
- Jer.23:5-6 (allusion): Speaks of a ‘righteous Branch’ who will reign as king and ‘execute justice and righteousness’—a messianic depiction that parallels Isaiah’s identification of the LORD as judge, lawgiver and king who saves.
- Ps.99:4 (verbal): Declares the King’s love of justice and establishment of equity; complements Isaiah’s emphasis on the LORD’s kingship combined with judicial righteousness and saving authority.
Alternative generated candidates
- For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king; he will save us.
- For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our king; he will save us.
Isa.33.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נטשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- חבליך: NOUN,m,pl,poss
- בל: PART
- יחזקו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כן: ADV
- תרנם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בל: PART
- פרשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- נס: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg
- אז: ADV
- חלק: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- שלל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מרבה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- פסחים: ADJ,m,pl
- בזזו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Ezek.27:26-27 (verbal): Uses ship imagery (masts, oars, mariners) to portray a city's/naval collapse; parallels Isaiah's loose rigging and unsteady mast as a metaphor for a nation's power failing.
- Isa.37:36 (structural): Both passages picture the sudden impotence and rout of a once-formidable military force—Isa.33 depicts rigging and masts failing and spoil divided; Isa.37 narrates the decisive removal of Assyrian fighting capacity.
- Hab.1:6-11 (thematic): Habakkuk describes a swift, terrifying invading force whose apparent strength will be reversed; thematically akin to Isa.33's motif of overwhelming power becoming powerless and spoil being taken.
- Nahum 3:7-10 (thematic): Nahum depicts a proud city stripped and despoiled, with merchants and warriors shamed—resonates with Isa.33's image of collapsed equipment and the prey (spoil) being divided among unlikely takers.
- Ps.68:29-31 (thematic): Psalmic language of God overthrowing the strong and causing the spoil to be taken and scattered echoes Isaiah's theme that the enemy's strength fails and plunder is divided (even to the weak).
Alternative generated candidates
- Their rigging is cast off and will not hold; their mast is not firm. At that time each will flee—then the spoil will be divided; the lame will carry off the booty and the outcasts will plunder.
- Your ropes hang loose—they will not hold; your mast is not firm, the banner will not be hoisted—then the portion will be stripped away, the booty carried off; the limp will seize the spoil, the weak will plunder the prey.
Isa.33.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובל: CONJ+PART
- יאמר: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
- שכן: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,sg
- חליתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הישב: PTCP,qal,act,ms,sg,def
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- נשא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- עון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Psalm 103:3 (verbal): Explicitly links forgiveness of sins with healing of disease—'who forgives all your iniquity, who heals all your diseases' echoes Isa 33:24's 'will not say “I am sick”; the people… will be forgiven their iniquity.'
- Isaiah 53:5 (thematic): Connects atonement and healing—'by his wounds we are healed' frames healing as consequence of sin-bearing, resonating with Isa 33:24's coupling of forgiveness and no more sickness.
- Jeremiah 31:34 (thematic): Promises divine forgiveness—'for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more' parallels the declaration that the inhabitants' sin will be borne/forgiven in Isa 33:24.
- Jeremiah 30:17 (thematic): God's promise to 'restore health' and heal wounds relates to the absence of sickness in Isa 33:24 and the restoration implicit in forgiven iniquity.
- Zechariah 13:1 (allusion): The imagery of a cleansing 'fountain… opened for sin and uncleanness' complements Isa 33:24's theme of communal cleansing/forgiveness that removes affliction.
Alternative generated candidates
- And no one who dwells there shall say, "I am sick." The people who live in it will have their iniquity forgiven.
- And no one living in Zion will say, “I am sick.” The people who dwell there will have their iniquity forgiven.
Woe to the plunderer who was not plundered, and to the traitor who was not betrayed! When you cease plundering, you shall be plundered; when you deal treacherously, treachery shall be dealt to you.
O LORD, be gracious to us; we wait for you. Be our arm each morning—our salvation in the time of trouble.
At the sound of the tumult peoples take to flight; nations scatter from your exaltation.
He will gather your spoil; he will collect the plunder—like a swarm, the gathering throngs in it.
The LORD is exalted, for he dwells on high; Zion is filled with justice and righteousness.
He will be the stability of your times, a wealth of salvation—wisdom and knowledge; the fear of the LORD is his treasure.
Behold, their warriors cry aloud in the streets; the messengers of peace weep bitterly.
The highways lie desolate; travelers have ceased. The covenant is broken; cities are despised; no man regards his fellow.
Woe to the inhabited city! The stronghold has become a desert; Lebanon languishes, Sharon is like the Arabah; Bashan and Carmel wither.
“Now will I arise,” says the LORD; “now will I be exalted; now will I be lifted up.”
Tremble—shrink back; your spirit is faint like dry stubble; like straw your birth—fire shall consume you.
Nations shall be fuel for the fire, their land the tinder; like thorns they shall be kindled and burned.
Hear, you who are far off, what I have done; and you who are near, acknowledge my might.
The sinners in Zion are terrified; trembling seizes the godless: “Who among us can dwell with consuming fire? Who among us can live with everlasting burning?”
He who walks in righteousness and speaks uprightly, who despises ill-gotten gain, who shakes his hands from taking bribes, who stops his ears from hearing of blood and closes his eyes from beholding evil—
he shall dwell on high; his refuge shall be the fortified rock. Bread will be given him; his water will be sure.
Your eyes shall see the king in his beauty; they shall behold a land stretching afar.
Your heart shall meditate terror: “Where is the scribe? Where is he who weighed? Where is the recorder of towers?”
You shall not see a fierce people—no nation of obscure speech or stammering tongue whose words you cannot understand.
Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts; your eyes shall see Jerusalem: a peaceful habitation—tents untroubled, never to be moved; its stakes shall not be pulled up, nor any of its cords broken.
For there the LORD will be glorious to us—a place of broad rivers and streams. No vessel with oars shall pass thereby, nor shall any mighty ship go by.
For the LORD is our judge; the LORD is our lawgiver; the LORD is our king—he will save us.
Your ropes are slack; they will not hold—your mast will not stand firm, your sail will not be spread. Then shall spoil be divided; plunder will be abundant. The lame shall take the booty; the plunderers will shout, “Aha!” And none there shall say, “I am sick.” The people who dwell there shall bear their iniquity no more; they shall be forgiven.