Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh
Numbers 32:1-42
Num.32.1 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ומקנה: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- רב: ADJ,m,sg
- היה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לבני: PREP
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- עצום: ADJ,m,sg
- מאד: ADV
- ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- יעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- גלעד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והנה: ADV
- המקום: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מקום: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מקנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:5 (structural): Immediate contextual parallel — the Reubenites and Gadites formally request to remain east of Jordan because the land is suitable for their cattle (same episode, same motive).
- Numbers 32:33 (structural): Narrative resolution — Moses assigns the land of Gilead to Reuben and Gad as their possession, fulfilling the request made after they saw pasture for their cattle.
- Deuteronomy 3:12-14 (verbal): Retells the allotment of Gilead and Bashan to Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh, explicitly noting the reason: there was pasture for their cattle (language and rationale parallel Num 32:1).
- Joshua 13:24-28 (thematic): Summary of the eastern allotments given to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh; thematically parallels Num 32:1 by locating these tribes in Gilead/Bashan and framing the territory as their pasture/possession.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10-12 (thematic): An historiographical echo describing the Reubenites and Gadites dwelling in Gilead/Bashan with large numbers and many cattle — reflects the same socioeconomic reason (pasture, livestock) for settling east of Jordan.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now the livestock of the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad was very great; they saw the land of Jazer and the land of Gilead, and behold, it was a place for livestock.
- Now the livestock of the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad was very great, and they saw the land of Jazer and the land of Gilead, and behold, the place was suitable for livestock.
Num.32.2 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואל: CONJ+PREP
- נשיאי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- העדה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Num.32.1 (structural): Immediate parallel — introductory verse to the same episode showing the tribes (Gad and Reuben) coming forward; same action and setting.
- Num.32.6 (verbal): Direct continuation of the request: the tribes state their reasons and petition Moses, Eleazar, and the leaders for land east of Jordan — same speakers and audience.
- Num.27.1-11 (thematic): The daughters of Zelophehad come before Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the tribal leaders to present a legal petition about inheritance — parallels the procedure of presenting a communal request to Moses, the priest, and the princes.
- Josh.22.2-4 (allusion): Later episode involving Reuben, Gad, and half-tribe of Manasseh: Joshua charges them to fight with the other tribes then return to possess land east of Jordan — a later development and resolution related to the settlement request in Numbers 32.
- Exod.18.13-26 (thematic): The people come to Moses with disputes and leaders/elders are appointed to share judicial duties — parallels the congregation bringing matters before Moses and the role of appointed leaders/princes in addressing communal petitions.
Alternative generated candidates
- So the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben came and spoke to Moses and to Eleazar the priest and to the leaders of the congregation, saying,
- Then the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben came and spoke to Moses and to Eleazar the priest and to the leaders of the congregation, saying,
Num.32.3 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- עטרות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ודיבן: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויעזר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ונמרה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- וחשבון: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואלעלה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ושבם: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ונבו: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ובען: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Num.32:34 (verbal): Same chapter repeats the list of towns allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad (continuing the inventory of Transjordan settlements).
- Deut.3:13-14 (verbal): Reiterates the Reubenite/Gadite inheritance east of the Jordan and lists many of the same towns (Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, Baal‑meon).
- Josh.13:16-21 (verbal): Joshua’s summary of territories east of the Jordan assigns these towns to Reuben, Gad and the half‑tribe of Manasseh, echoing the place‑names in Num.32:3.
- Deut.2:32-36 (thematic): Narrative account of Israel’s conquest of Sihon and occupation of Heshbon and surrounding towns — background history for why these Transjordan towns appear in the allotment lists.
Alternative generated candidates
- “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sibmah, Nebo, and Beon.”
- “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sibmah, Nebo, and Beon.”
Num.32.4 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- הכה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- עדת: NOUN,f,sg,cs
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- מקנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
- ולעבדיך: CONJ+PREP,NOUN,m,pl,abs,PRSUFF:2,m,sg
- מקנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:1 (verbal): Immediate parallel: introduces the Reubenites and Gadites' claim that Jazer and Gilead are 'a land for cattle' — same vocabulary and rationale as v.4.
- Numbers 32:5 (verbal): Continuation of the same exchange: the tribes reiterate their request to receive the land for their livestock, echoing the language of v.4.
- Numbers 32:18-22 (structural): Moses conditions the transjordanian settlement on military service — develops the covenantal/legal framework that responds to the claim in v.4.
- Deuteronomy 3:12-13 (allusion): Later summary of the allocation of Gilead and the land of Bashan to the Reubenites, Gadites (and half Manasseh), reflecting the outcome implied by v.4.
- Joshua 22:1-34 (thematic): Later episode in which the transjordanian tribes (Reuben, Gad, half‑Manasseh) settle east of Jordan and the controversy over an altar highlights the lasting significance of their decision to live 'for cattle' across the Jordan.
Alternative generated candidates
- The land that the LORD struck down before the congregation of Israel is pastureland, and for your servants there is pasture for livestock.
- The land that the LORD struck down before the congregation of Israel is a land for livestock, and to your servants it is suitable for livestock.
Num.32.5 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- אם: CONJ
- מצאנו: VERB,qal,perf,1,_,pl
- חן: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- בעיניך: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,const,2,ms
- יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- לעבדיך: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,ms
- לאחזה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- תעברנו: VERB,qal,impv,2,_,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 32:20-27 (structural): Immediate continuation: Moses' conditional reply — the tribes may keep the land east of the Jordan if their fighting men cross to help subdue Canaan first. Directly relates to the request in v.5.
- Deuteronomy 3:12-20 (verbal): Moses' later summary grant of the territory of Gilead to the Reubenites and Gadites (and half-Manasseh), using language of giving land as a possession, echoing the petition in Num 32:5.
- Joshua 13:8-13 (structural): Joshua's allotment of the lands east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh — the fulfillment of the request for territory not to cross the Jordan.
- Joshua 22:10-34 (allusion): Episode where the Transjordan tribes (Reuben, Gad, half-Manasseh) build an altar on the east side of Jordan; reflects issues and consequences arising from their decision to settle east rather than crossing into Canaan.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10-11 (thematic): Genealogical/territorial summary noting that the Reubenites and Gadites dwelt in Gilead and Bashan — later historical reflection on the same settlement request expressed in Num 32:5.
Alternative generated candidates
- If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants as a possession; do not make us cross over the Jordan.”
- And they said, “If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants for a possession; do not make us cross over the Jordan.”
Num.32.6 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ולבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- האחיכם: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2,m,pl
- יבאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואתם: CONJ+PRON,2,pl
- תשבו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- פה: ADV
Parallels
- Deut. 3:18–20 (verbal): Moses repeats the injunction that Gad, Reuben (and half‑Manasseh) must arm themselves, cross the Jordan to fight with their brothers, and then may return to possess the land east of Jordan.
- Josh. 1:12–18 (verbal): Joshua transmits the same arrangement (east‑of‑Jordan tribes to help in conquest and then return), echoing Moses’ command and the pledging of armed support.
- Josh. 22:1–4 (structural): After the conquest the eastern tribes are sent home by Joshua having fulfilled their obligation — a narrative resolution to the concern Moses expresses in Num 32:6.
- Judg. 5:16–17 (thematic): Deborah’s song criticizes Reuben (and other tribes) for staying by their flocks instead of joining the fight, thematically paralleling Moses’ rebuke about sitting out the battle.
- Num. 32:16–27 (verbal): Immediate context: the reply and covenant of Gad and Reuben, in which they pledge to send armed men to battle until Israel has rest, directly responds to Moses’ challenge in v.6.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moses said to the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben, “Shall your brothers go to war while you sit here?
- And Moses said to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Reuben, “Your brothers shall go to battle, and you shall sit here.
Num.32.7 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ולמה: CONJ
- תניאון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:6 (verbal): Immediate speech by Reuben/Gad in the same exchange claiming they will not lead Israel across the Jordan — same issue and similar language about not crossing into the land.
- Numbers 32:19-22 (structural): Moses' reply and bargaining later in the chapter: he accuses them of discouraging Israel and then sets the condition that their warriors must cross ahead to fight — continuation and resolution of the same charge.
- Numbers 14:9 (thematic): Earlier wilderness incident where leaders/rulers urge Israel not to be afraid or 'discouraged' by the spies' report; both passages center on resisting forces that would dissuade the people from entering the Lord's gift.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (thematic): Moses' later instruction allotting Transjordan to Reuben, Gad, and half‑Manasseh on condition they help their brothers conquer Canaan — addresses the same settlement issue and the obligation not to hinder Israel's entry.
- Joshua 1:12-15 (structural): Joshua's charge to the eastern tribes to assist their brethren across the Jordan but remain on the east side until the Lord gives rest — a later administrative resolution of the tension raised by Numbers 32:7 about staying east and not discouraging the people.
Alternative generated candidates
- Why would you discourage the heart of the people of Israel from crossing into the land that the LORD has given them?
- Why would you discourage the heart of the people of Israel from crossing over into the land which the LORD has given them?
Num.32.8 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כה: ADV
- עשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אבתיכם: NOUN,m,pl,cons+PRON,2,pl
- בשלחי: PREP+VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- מקדש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ברנע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לראות: VERB,qal,inf
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Num.13:1-3 (verbal): The original commissioning to ‘send men to spy out the land’—the same mission phrased in 32:8 (sending from Kadesh‑barnea to see the land).
- Num.13:17-24 (verbal): The detailed account of Moses sending the spies from Kadesh‑barnea to explore Canaan; closely parallels the wording and purpose of 32:8.
- Deut.1:22-25 (quotation): Moses’ later retelling of the people’s request to send scouts from Kadesh‑barnea and their report—an explicit recounting of the same event cited in 32:8.
- Josh.14:6-12 (allusion): Caleb’s recollection that his ancestors were sent from Kadesh‑barnea to spy out the land; echoes the sending from Kadesh‑barnea mentioned in 32:8 and stresses the same episode from a later perspective.
Alternative generated candidates
- Thus your fathers did when he sent them from Kadesh‑barnea to see the land.
- Thus your fathers did when I sent them from Kadesh‑barnea to spy out the land.
Num.32.9 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויעלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- עד: PREP
- נחל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אשכול: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויראו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- ויניאו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לבלתי: PART,neg
- בא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אל: NEG
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 13:23 (verbal): Same episode and wording — the scouts 'came unto the brook Eshcol' and inspected the land; the location and action are repeated language used in Num 32:9.
- Numbers 13:27-28 (quotation): The spies' report that the land 'floweth with milk and honey' but then the men brought an 'evil report' that 'discouraged the heart of the people' — directly parallels the idea that the people were dissuaded from entering the land.
- Deuteronomy 1:25-28 (thematic): Moses' retrospective account of the scouts' exploration and the people's negative reaction — an expanded retelling of the same event and its consequences (refusal to enter Canaan because of the scouts' report).
- Hebrews 3:16-19 (thematic): New Testament theological reflection on the wilderness generation's unbelief: because they 'believed not' they could not enter God's rest — parallels the consequence described in Num 32:9 (the people being discouraged and not entering the promised land).
Alternative generated candidates
- They went up to the valley of Eshcol and saw the land; they discouraged the heart of the people of Israel, so that they did not enter the land that the LORD had given them.
- They went up to the Valley of Eshcol and saw the land, and they discouraged the heart of the people of Israel so that they did not enter the land which the LORD had given them.
Num.32.10 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ביום: PREP
- ההוא: DEM,ms,sg
- וישבע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
Parallels
- Numbers 14:11-23 (verbal): Same narrative context: God's anger is kindled at Israel after the spies' report and God (through Moses) declares in wrath that the guilty generation will not enter the Promised Land — language of divine wrath and oath closely parallels Num 32:10.
- Deuteronomy 1:34-39 (verbal): Moses' retrospective account uses nearly the same wording — 'the LORD heard and was angry, and he sware' — recounting the same divine oath that barred that generation from entering Canaan.
- Psalm 95:10-11 (quotation): The psalm explicitly records God's oath in anger: 'I sware in my wrath, They shall not enter into my rest,' a poetic retelling of the wilderness episode where God's anger produced an oath against the generation.
- Hebrews 3:10-11 (allusion): The NT citation/interpretation of Psalm 95 invokes God's wrathful oath ('I sware in my wrath…') to warn against unbelief, directly alluding to the Numbers/Deuteronomy event described in Num 32:10.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the anger of the LORD was kindled that day, and he swore,
- And the anger of the LORD was kindled on that day, and he swore,
Num.32.11 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- אם: CONJ
- יראו: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,pl
- האנשים: NOUN,m,pl,def
- העלים: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,pl
- ממצרים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
- מבן: PREP
- עשרים: NUM,card,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ומעלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- האדמה: NOUN,f,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- נשבעתי: VERB,niphal,perf,1,_,sg
- לאברהם: PREP+NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ליצחק: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וליעקב: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- מלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אחרי: PREP
Parallels
- Numbers 14:29-30 (quotation): Direct repetition of the divine sentence that none of the men twenty years old and upward who came up out of Egypt shall see the promised land, with the exception of Caleb and Joshua.
- Deuteronomy 1:35-36 (quotation): Moses' retrospective restatement of the same decree—those twenty and older who rebelled shall not see the land—again excepting Caleb and Joshua.
- Joshua 14:6-12 (thematic): Caleb's personal testimony and reward: because he 'wholly followed the LORD' he is granted entry into the land, illustrating the exception noted in the Numbers passage.
- Psalm 95:10-11 (allusion): Uses the wilderness rebellion and God's anger as the reason the generation did not enter God's 'rest'—theologically parallel to the refusal to permit that generation to enter the promised land.
Alternative generated candidates
- “Surely the men who went up from Egypt and who saw the land—those of them twenty years old and upward—will not see the land that I swore to give to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob;
- “Surely all the men who were numbered, who were twenty years old and upward when they came up out of Egypt, who saw the land that I swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—because they did not follow me fully—
Num.32.12 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בלתי: NEG
- כלב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יפנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הקנזי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ויהושע: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- כי: CONJ
- מלאו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- אחרי: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Num.14.24 (verbal): God's commendation of Caleb: 'because he has a different spirit and has followed me fully' — same language and reason for Caleb's exception.
- Num.14.30 (quotation): God's verdict that none of that generation shall enter the land 'except Caleb the son of Jephunneh and Joshua the son of Nun' — directly parallels the exceptions named.
- Deut.1.36 (allusion): Moses again records the exception for Caleb — 'but Caleb... shall see it' — repeating the reason tied to his faithfulness to the LORD.
- Josh.14.8-9 (verbal): Caleb's own testimony and Moses' report that Caleb 'wholly followed the LORD' and therefore received his inheritance (Hebron) — echoes the claim of wholehearted following.
Alternative generated candidates
- for not one of them, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite and Joshua the son of Nun, shall see it; they have wholly followed the LORD.”
- none of them, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite and Joshua the son of Nun, shall enter the land which I swore to give their fathers.
Num.32.13 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויחר: VERB,qal,imf,3,m,sg
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וינעם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ארבעים: NUM,m,pl
- שנה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- תם: ADJ,m,sg,abs
- כל: DET
- הדור: NOUN,m,sg,def
- העשה: VERB,qal,ptcp,3,m,sg
- הרע: ADJ,m,sg,def
- בעיני: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 14:33-34 (verbal): Same tradition: God punishes Israel by making them wander forty years until the generation guilty of sin is consumed — closely parallel language and cause.
- Joshua 5:6 (verbal): Restates that Israel wandered in the wilderness forty years and that the generation who had seen the works of the LORD died there — a near-verbatim summary of the outcome.
- Psalm 95:10-11 (quotation): Psalm explicitly recalls God’s forty years’ anger and oath against that generation, drawing on the Numbers tradition to explain Israel’s exclusion from God's rest.
- Hebrews 3:9-11 (allusion): The New Testament draws on the same tradition (via Psalm 95), warning that God was provoked for forty years because of Israel’s rebellion and swore they would not enter his rest.
Alternative generated candidates
- The LORD’s anger against Israel was kindled, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until all the generation that had done evil in the sight of the LORD was consumed.
- And the LORD's anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until the whole generation that had done evil in the sight of the LORD was consumed.
Num.32.14 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- והנה: ADV
- קמתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- תחת: PREP
- אבתיכם: NOUN,m,pl,cons+PRON,2,pl
- תרבות: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- אנשים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- חטאים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לספות: VERB,pi'el,inf
- עוד: ADV
- על: PREP
- חרון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אף: ADV
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 14:22-23 (verbal): Same episode and theme: Israel's sin provokes the LORD's wrath and results in denial of entry to the land — language and consequence parallel the anger against Israel.
- Deuteronomy 1:34-35 (structural): Moses' retrospective retelling of the wilderness episode: the LORD was angry and barred the generation from entering Canaan, mirroring the consequence described in Num 32:14.
- Exodus 32:10-14 (thematic): God's wrath against Israel for their transgression (the golden calf) echoes the motif of divine anger provoked by the people's sin found in Num 32:14.
- Psalm 95:10-11 (allusion): The psalm recalls God's displeasure with the rebellious wilderness generation and the subsequent forty years' exclusion from his rest — a liturgical reflection on the same divine anger.
- Hebrews 3:10-11, 17-19 (allusion): The NT explicitly alludes to the wilderness generation's provocation of God and the resulting exclusion from rest, applying the historical warning of Num 32:14 to its readers.
Alternative generated candidates
- Behold, you have risen up in place of your fathers, a brood of sinful men, to bring still more wrath upon Israel from the LORD.
- And now you have risen up in place of your fathers—a brood of sinful men—to increase yet again the wrath of the LORD against Israel.
Num.32.15 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- תשובן: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- מאחריו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויסף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- עוד: ADV
- להניחו: VERB,hiph,inf+PRON,3,m,sg
- במדבר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ושחתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- לכל: PREP
- העם: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 14:22-23 (verbal): Both passages warn that rebellion/refusal to follow God will result in God rejecting them and preventing them from entering the promised land — a direct conditional consequence of turning away.
- Deuteronomy 31:16-18 (verbal): Moses foretells that Israel will 'turn away' and God will 'hide his face' and abandon them; closely parallels the language and idea of divine forsaking in Num 32:15.
- Joshua 23:12-13 (thematic): Joshua warns that if Israel transgresses, remaining nations will become snares and lead to Israel's destruction — a similar conditional warning linking failure to act faithfully with national ruin.
- Judges 2:1-3 (thematic): The angel rebukes Israel for covenant infidelity and declares God will withdraw support so nations remain and bring suffering — parallels the covenantal consequence of being 'left' and destroyed for disobedience.
Alternative generated candidates
- If you turn away from him, he will again leave them in the wilderness; and you will destroy all this people.”
- For if you return to him, he will again leave them in the wilderness, and you will bring down all this people to a quick end.”
Num.32.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויגשו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- אליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
- ויאמרו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,pl
- גדרת: NOUN,f,sg,cons
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- נבנה: VERB,qal,imprf,1,pl
- למקננו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+POSS,1,pl
- פה: ADV
- וערים: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לטפנו: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+POSS,1,pl
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 3:14 (verbal): Direct parallel wording and same event — Reuben, Gad and half‑tribe of Manasseh 'built cities and stalls for their cattle' (cities/towns for their children and enclosures for livestock).
- Numbers 32:1 (thematic): Sets the scene for the request: the Reubenites and Gadites had large herds and saw the land of Jazer and Gilead as suitable, prompting the proposal to remain east of Jordan and build accommodations for people and cattle.
- Numbers 32:20–21 (structural): Immediate narrative continuation: Moses' conditional acceptance of their request provided they help the other tribes conquer Canaan — connects the request to the covenantal obligation to fight across the Jordan.
- Joshua 22:10–11 (allusion): Later episode in which the eastern tribes build an altar/structure by the Jordan after returning to their settlements; echoes tensions and consequences that arise when Israelite groups build notable structures east of the Jordan.
Alternative generated candidates
- They drew near to him and said, “We will build sheepfolds here for our livestock and cities for our little ones.
- Then they came near to him and said, “We will build sheepfolds here for our flocks and cities for our little ones.
Num.32.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואנחנו: CONJ+PRON,1,pl
- נחלץ: VERB,qal,imprf,1,pl
- חשים: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- אשר: PRON,rel
- אם: CONJ
- הביאנם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg+3mp_obj
- אל: NEG
- מקומם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3mp
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- טפנו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1pl
- בערי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,construct
- המבצר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מפני: PREP
- ישבי: NOUN,m,pl,cons
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 32:20-27 (verbal): Immediate continuation/response in the same scene where the tribes pledge to build cities and to go armed before Israel until the others possess the land — repeats and clarifies the promise in v.17.
- Numbers 32:6-15 (structural): Earlier episode in the same chapter where Moses rebukes Gad and Reuben for seeking land east of Jordan without first assisting in conquest — sets the conflict that v.17 seeks to resolve.
- Joshua 22:3-5 (allusion): Joshua recalls and charges the Transjordan tribes to keep their oath to help their brethren until they have taken possession of Canaan, echoing the commitment expressed in Num 32:17.
- Joshua 1:12-15 (thematic): Joshua records the eastern tribes’ agreement to aid in the conquest and then return to their possessions across the Jordan — same arrangement and theme of military assistance before settling.
- 1 Chronicles 5:19-22 (allusion): Chronicle account of Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh fighting the Hagrites and settling east of the Jordan — later historical summary reflecting the outcome of the Num 32 agreement.
Alternative generated candidates
- But we ourselves will be armed, ready to march before the sons of Israel, until they have driven their enemies out from before them.
- But we ourselves will be ready armed before the people of Israel until they have brought the land into possession; and our little ones shall live in fortified cities because of the inhabitants of the land.
Num.32.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- לא: PART_NEG
- נשוב: VERB,qal,imperfect,1,pl
- אל: NEG
- בתינו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+prsuf1pl
- עד: PREP
- התנחל: VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נחלתו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+3,m,sg
Parallels
- Joshua 1:12-15 (verbal): The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half‑Manasseh repeat the same pledge to Joshua: they will help the other Israelites cross and fight until each has received his inheritance, closely echoing Num 32:18.
- Joshua 22:3-5 (thematic): After the conquest Joshua sends these tribes back to their Transjordan homes, indicating they remained until the land was allotted—fulfillment of the promise expressed in Num 32:18.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (allusion): Moses instructs Reuben, Gad and the half‑tribe of Manasseh to remain in their posts and to take possession of the land allotted to them across the Jordan, reflecting the same arrangement about not returning home until inheritances are settled.
- Numbers 32:20-23 (verbal): Immediate context: the leaders explicitly state the vow that they will not return to their houses until every Israelite has received his inheritance, and Moses warns about the consequences of breaking such an oath—direct continuation and restatement of v.18.
Alternative generated candidates
- Our little ones shall dwell in fortified cities because of the inhabitants of the land; until the Israelites inherit the land, we will not return to our houses.
- We will not return to our houses until the people of Israel have inherited every man his inheritance.
Num.32.19 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- כי: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- ננחל: VERB,qal,impf,1,n,pl
- אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
- מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לירדן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והלאה: CONJ+ADV
- כי: CONJ
- באה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- נחלתנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,n,pl
- אלינו: PREP+PRON,1,pl
- מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- מזרחה: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 32:20 (structural): Immediate continuation in the same scene: Moses accepts the tribes' condition and reiterates the terms under which they may keep land east of the Jordan.
- Joshua 1:12-18 (structural): The Reubenites, Gadites and half‑Tribe of Manasseh repeat their pledge to Joshua to cross the Jordan and fight until the land is taken, echoing the commitment in Num 32:19.
- Joshua 22:3-5 (thematic): Instructions and exhortation to the eastern tribes to keep covenant faithfulness and assist their brothers in securing the land—same theme of conditional settlement east of the Jordan.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (verbal): Moses' allocation of the lands east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad and half‑Manasseh and his stipulation about their military obligation parallel the promise in Num 32:19.
- Joshua 13:24-28 (thematic): Catalogue of the territories given to Reuben, Gad and half‑Manasseh east of the Jordan, illustrating the fulfillment of the territorial claim asserted in Num 32:19.
Alternative generated candidates
- For we will not inherit with them across the Jordan and beyond, because our inheritance has come to us on this side of the Jordan eastward.”
- For we will not inherit among them beyond the Jordan, because our inheritance has come to us on this side the Jordan eastward.”
Num.32.20 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- אליהם: PREP,3,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אם: CONJ
- תעשון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הדבר: NOUN,m,sg,def
- הזה: DEM,m,sg
- אם: CONJ
- תחלצו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Num.32.21 (structural): Immediate continuation of Moses’ conditional command: if the men arm themselves and go before the LORD to battle, then they may build; the clause completes the thought of v.20.
- Joshua 1:14-15 (thematic): Reuben, Gad and half‑Manasseh remain beyond the Jordan until their brothers have rest — fulfillment of the arrangement described by Moses (they assist in battle before settling).
- Joshua 22:1-4 (structural): Joshua’s commissioning and sending back of the tribes after they helped their brethren, explicitly citing obedience to Moses’ command and the condition to return when Israel had rest.
- 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 (thematic): A later summary of the Reubenites, Gadites and half‑tribe of Manasseh as valiant warriors ‘ready for war,’ reflecting their role in going out to fight as Moses required.
- Deuteronomy 20:4 (thematic): Legal/theological background for Israelite warfare: battles are fought 'with the LORD' going with Israel — parallels the idea of going ‘before the LORD to battle’ in Num 32:20.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moses said to them, “If you do this thing—that is, if you arm yourselves to pass over the Jordan before the LORD for battle,
- And Moses said to them, “If you will do this thing—if you will arm yourselves before the LORD for the war,
Num.32.21 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועבר: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- כל: DET
- חלוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- עד: PREP
- הורישו: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- איביו: NOUN,m,pl,abs,suff:3ms
- מפניו: PREP+3ms
Parallels
- Joshua 22:4-5 (verbal): Joshua repeats Moses’ charge to the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half‑tribe of Manasseh: they must help their brothers by crossing over armed until the LORD gives the land rest, then return to their possessions — a direct echo of Num 32:21–27.
- 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 (allusion): A later historical summary of the eastern tribes’ military assistance; it recounts their armed service across the Jordan and the LORD’s giving of the enemy into their hands, reflecting the same event and purpose as Num 32:21.
- Joshua 1:11 (structural): Joshua orders the people to prepare to cross the Jordan in order to possess the land — parallels the mobilization and crossing 'before the LORD' so as to drive out the land’s inhabitants (the function assigned to the eastern tribes in Num 32:21).
- Deuteronomy 7:22 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD driving out nations before Israel and delivering them into Israel’s hand; parallels the theological claim in Num 32:21 that the crossing and conquest take place 'until he drives out his enemies before him.'
Alternative generated candidates
- then every armed man of you shall pass over the Jordan before the LORD until he has driven out his enemies from before him.
- then every armed man of you shall pass over the Jordan before the LORD until he has driven out his enemies from before him.
Num.32.22 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונכבשה: CONJ+VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ואחר: CONJ
- תשבו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- והייתם: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- נקיים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
- מיהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ומישראל: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- והיתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- הזאת: DEM,f,sg,def
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- לאחזה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (verbal): Repeats the same stipulation given by Moses: the tribes must remain across the Jordan until the land is subdued, then return and receive their possession — language and legal condition parallel Numbers 32:22.
- Joshua 1:12-15 (thematic): Recounts Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh pledging to cross over armed to help their brethren until the LORD gives them rest; mirrors the conditional promise that they may return and keep the land as their possession.
- Joshua 22:4-5,8 (structural): Joshua charges the eastern tribes to observe the command and be faithful in aiding the conquest so they may securely possess their land afterward; echoes the duty/possession relationship and concern for being 'clear' before the LORD and Israel.
- Numbers 32:16-23 (verbal): Immediate context in the same chapter where Moses sets the conditional agreement (warning if they fail, promise if they comply) — verses 20–22 closely mirror the legal formulation that the land will be their possession after the conquest.
Alternative generated candidates
- And the land shall be subdued before the LORD; then afterward you shall return and be free from the LORD and from Israel; and this land shall be your possession before the LORD.
- When the land is subdued before the LORD, then afterward you shall return and be clear of the LORD and of Israel; and this land shall be your possession before the LORD.
Num.32.23 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- תעשון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
- כן: ADV
- הנה: PART
- חטאתם: NOUN,f,sg,abs,3,m,pl
- ליהוה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,def
- ודעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
- חטאתכם: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- אשר: PRON,rel
- תמצא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
Parallels
- Joshua 7:11-12 (thematic): God identifies Israel's transgression and announces judgment/absence of his presence until the sin is dealt with—parallels the warning that unaddressed sin brings divine consequence.
- Joshua 7:20-26 (thematic): Achan's confession and the discovery/punishment of his sin illustrate the concrete fulfilment of the warning that 'sin will find you.'
- 1 Samuel 2:25 (thematic): Contrasts interpersonal sin with sin against the LORD and emphasizes that sin against God brings judgment—echoes the principle of personal responsibility before God.
- Ezekiel 18:20 (thematic): Affirms individual moral accountability—'the soul who sins shall die' parallels the certainty that one's sin will catch up with them.
- Galatians 6:7-8 (thematic): New Testament formulation of moral retribution ('whatever one sows, that will he also reap'), reflecting the same principle that sin has inevitable consequences.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if you will not do so, behold, you have sinned against the LORD; and be sure your sin will find you.
- But if you will not do so, behold, you have sinned against the LORD; and know that your sin will find you out.
Num.32.24 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ערים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לטפכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
- וגדרת: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
- לצנאכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl+PRON,2,m,pl
- והיצא: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מפיכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl+PRON,2,m,pl
- תעשו: VERB,qal,impv,2,pl
Parallels
- Joshua 22:4 (verbal): Direct verbal echo — Joshua instructs the tribes to 'build cities for your little ones and folds for your sheep,' mirroring the same charge in Num 32:24.
- Deuteronomy 3:18–20 (thematic): Moses' later summary of the settlement east of Jordan repeats the obligation to provide towns for children and enclosures for flocks and to keep the promise to assist Israel in taking the land.
- Joshua 1:16–17 (structural): The tribes' pledge to obey Joshua and to cross the Jordan to fight alongside their brethren echoes the promised commitment expressed in Num 32:24 ('you shall do as you have promised').
- Numbers 32:20–23 (structural): Immediate context: Moses' warning and condition to the tribes that they must cross armed to help Israel or else be held guilty — Num 32:24 reiterates the settlement terms within this charge.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10–22 (thematic): Chronicles recounts the Reubenites, Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh settling and fighting east of Jordan, showing the fulfillment and military implications of the settlement terms given in Num 32:24.
Alternative generated candidates
- Build for yourselves cities for your little ones and folds for your sheep; do what has come from your mouth.”
- Build for yourselves cities for your little ones and folds for your sheep; do what has gone out from your mouth.”
Num.32.25 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- עבדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2ms
- יעשו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כאשר: CONJ
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- מצוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:20-23 (structural): Immediate context — the tribes of Gad and Reuben promise to cross over and fight with Israel until the land is taken; verse 25 repeats and affirms that same pledge and commitment language.
- Exodus 24:3 (verbal): The people collectively pledge obedience to Moses' (and God's) commands: "All the words which the LORD hath said will we do," a comparable verbal formula of submission and readiness to obey.
- Joshua 1:16-17 (verbal): The tribes promise to obey Joshua and accompany Israel in battle: "All that you command us we will do... wherever you send us we will go," echoing the same promise of obedience and support.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (thematic): Moses' instructions and the allocation of land east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh reflect the background arrangement tied to the tribes' pledge to assist Israel in conquering Canaan.
- 1 Chronicles 12:17-18 (thematic): Accounts of tribes (including Gad) joining Israel in warfare and pledging support to the central leadership — parallels the commitment of Gad and Reuben to fight with their brethren rather than settle apart without assisting in conquest.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben said to Moses, “Your servants will do as my lord commands.
- And the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben said to Moses, “Your servants will do as my lord commands.
Num.32.26 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- טפנו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+1pl
- נשינו: NOUN,f,sg,poss:1pl
- מקננו: NOUN,m,pl,suff
- וכל: CONJ+PRON,indef
- בהמתנו: NOUN,f,sg,suff
- יהיו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- שם: ADV
- בערי: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הגלעד: NOUN,m,sg,def
Parallels
- Numbers 32:4 (verbal): Earlier in the same negotiation the tribes say almost the same thing: 'We will build sheepfolds here for our cattle, and cities for our little ones'—verbal overlap with 'our little ones, our wives, our cattle.'
- Numbers 32:34 (structural): Later verse in the chapter reports the actual settlement of the eastern tribes in Gilead, noting that their families and possessions remained in the cities—fulfillment and continuation of v.26.
- Joshua 22:4 (verbal): Joshua's charge to the eastern tribes uses near-identical language: 'your little ones, your wives, and your cattle shall remain in the land that Moses gave you beyond the Jordan'—a clear verbal parallel.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (thematic): Commands about settling beyond the Jordan and returning to one's possession when the other tribes have rest share the same theme of leaving families and property on the east side while military aid is provided across the Jordan.
Alternative generated candidates
- Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our beasts shall remain there in the cities of Gilead;
- Our little ones, our wives, and our livestock shall remain there in the cities of Gilead.
Num.32.27 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ועבדיך: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs,poss:2,m,sg
- יעברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- כל: DET
- חלוץ: NOUN,m,sg,const
- צבא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כאשר: CONJ
- אדני: NOUN,m,sg,abs,1,sg
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:20-23 (structural): Immediate context: Moses sets the condition that the tribes' armed men must pass over before the LORD to fight, warning that failure to do so will be sin — directly linked to v.27's obligation.
- Joshua 1:14-15 (verbal): Reiterates the same arrangement: the Reubenites, Gadites and half-tribe of Manasseh are to pass over armed before the LORD to battle until the land is subdued — closely echoes the wording and duty of Num 32:27.
- Joshua 22:1-4 (thematic): After conquest Joshua blesses and dismisses these tribes but reminds them of their obligation to assist in war across the Jordan, reflecting the same covenantal requirement in Num 32:27.
- 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 (thematic): Records the valour and military service of the Reubenites, Gadites and half‑tribe of Manasseh beyond Jordan, narrating how they fought for the Israelite cause — a later account fulfilling the obligation stated in Num 32:27.
- Judges 5:17 (thematic): Deborah’s song rebukes certain tribes for failing to come to battle; verse 17 (about Gilead/Reuben beyond Jordan) thematically contrasts expectations that tribes beyond the Jordan would join Israel in war, highlighting the issue addressed in Num 32:27.
Alternative generated candidates
- but your servants will pass over, everyone who is armed for battle before the LORD, and will fight before the LORD as my lord directs.”
- But your servants will pass over, every one of the armed men, before the LORD to battle, as my lord has said.”
Num.32.28 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויצו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- אלעזר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
- הכהן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- יהושע: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
- אבות: NOUN,m,pl,cs
- המטות: NOUN,m,pl,abs,def
- לבני: PREP
- ישראל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Num.34.17 (verbal): Almost identical wording appointing Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the tribal chiefs to divide the land—same administrative formula.
- Josh.14.1 (quotation): A later summary account that repeats the commission: Eleazar, Joshua, and the heads of the tribes distributed the land to the people.
- Josh.19.51 (structural): Concluding statement of the allotment narrative that echoes the same trio (Eleazar, Joshua, and tribal leaders) who apportioned inheritances.
- Num.26.55 (thematic): Addresses the same legal/administrative process—allocation of the land by lot to the tribes—context for appointing priests, Joshua, and tribal heads to carry out distribution.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moses gave command concerning them to Eleazar the priest and to Joshua the son of Nun and to the leaders of the tribes of the people of Israel.
- And Moses commanded them, even Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun and the chiefs of the fathers' tribes of the people of Israel.
Num.32.29 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אלהם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- אם: CONJ
- יעברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- הירדן: NOUN,m,sg,def
- כל: DET
- חלוץ: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- למלחמה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ונכבשה: VERB,niphal,perf,3,f,sg
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לפניכם: PREP,2,m,pl
- ונתתם: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,2,m,pl
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- את: PRT,acc
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- הגלעד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- לאחזה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:20-27 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same chapter — Moses’ condition and the vow of Gad and Reuben to cross the Jordan 'every armed man for battle' are repeated and expanded here.
- Joshua 1:12-15 (structural): The Reubenites, Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh reaffirm their pledge to Joshua to cross armed until the people obtain rest in the land, echoing the promised covenantal service before settling.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (allusion): Moses’ later summary allotting Gilead and Bashan to Reuben, Gad (and half-Manasseh) and his stipulation that they help the other tribes in war reflects the same promise/condition as Numbers 32:29.
- Joshua 13:8-16 (verbal): Description of the territory east of the Jordan assigned to the Reubenites and Gadites (land of Gilead) parallels the grant of Gilead as their possession after the fighting is done.
- Joshua 22:1-9 (thematic): After helping to secure the land west of the Jordan the Transjordan tribes return to their holdings across the Jordan — a narrative fulfillment of the arrangement in Numbers 32:29.
Alternative generated candidates
- He said to them, “If the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben pass over the Jordan with you, every armed man before the LORD, and the land is subdued before you, then you shall give them the land of Gilead as a possession.
- And Moses said to them, “If the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben pass over the Jordan with you, every armed man before the LORD to battle, and the land is subdued before you,
Num.32.30 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואם: CONJ
- לא: PART_NEG
- יעברו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- חלוצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
- ונאחזו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בתככם: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+2,m,pl
- בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Joshua 1:14-15 (verbal): Almost identical instruction: the fighting men must cross the Jordan to help their kin while wives, children, and livestock remain on the east side — same conditional settlement language.
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (verbal): Moses' command that the Reubenites, Gadites and half‑tribe of Manasseh go to war with their brothers and then return to possess the land on the east — restates the promise/condition.
- Joshua 22:3-5 (quotation): Joshua repeats Moses' charge that these tribes must not abandon their brothers until the LORD gives them rest, echoing the obligation articulated in Num 32:30.
- 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 (thematic): Later historical summary of Reuben, Gad and half‑Manasseh fighting beyond Jordan and receiving territory — a narrative echo and fulfillment of the arrangement described in Numbers 32.
Alternative generated candidates
- But if they do not pass over with you armed, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan.”
- then you shall give them the land of Gilead as a possession.
Num.32.31 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויענו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לאמר: INF,qal,infc
- את: PRT,acc
- אשר: PRON,rel
- דבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- אל: NEG
- עבדיך: NOUN,m,pl,abs,2ms
- כן: ADV
- נעשה: VERB,niphal,ptc,m,sg
Parallels
- Exodus 24:7 (quotation): The people formally accept God's covenant with the formula 'All that the LORD hath said will we do,' nearly identical in sense to Gad and Reuben's pledge to carry out what the LORD commanded.
- Exodus 19:8 (verbal): At Sinai the whole assembly answers, 'All that the LORD hath spoken we will do,' a close verbal and thematic parallel of collective assent to God's commands.
- Joshua 1:16-17 (structural): The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh here pledge to obey Joshua and to aid Israel in battle — the same tribes making an explicit commitment to follow what God (through leadership) has commanded.
- Joshua 24:24 (thematic): The people respond to Joshua's covenant summons with an affirmative pledge, 'The LORD will we serve, and his voice will we obey,' echoing Num 32:31's theme of promised obedience to divine command.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben answered, “As the LORD has spoken to your servants, so will we do.
- But if they do not pass over with you armed, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan.”
Num.32.32 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- נחנו: PRON,1,pl
- נעבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,common,pl
- חלוצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- לפני: PREP
- יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- כנען: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואתנו: PREP,1,pl
- אחזת: NOUN,f,sg,construct
- נחלתנו: NOUN,f,sg,abs,1,com,pl
- מעבר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- לירדן: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 3:18-20 (thematic): Moses assigns the lands east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad and half-Manasseh but commands them to arm themselves, cross over to help their brothers until Israel has rest, then return to possess their portion — same promise/obligation as Num 32:32.
- Joshua 1:12-18 (verbal): The Reubenites, Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh repeat their pledge to Joshua to cross over armed to fight until the rest of the land is subdued and then return to their own possession — direct echo of the language and commitment in Num 32:32.
- Joshua 22:1-9 (structural): After the conquest Joshua dismisses the eastern tribes to go to their lands east of the Jordan, recalling their service in battle and their right to possess the trans-Jordan territory — parallels fulfillment and settlement implied in Num 32:32.
- 1 Chronicles 5:18-22 (allusion): A retrospective account of the Reubenites, Gadites and half‑tribe of Manasseh crossing over armed and winning victories east of the Jordan, echoing their military role and settlement referenced in Num 32:32.
Alternative generated candidates
- We will pass over, armed before the LORD, into the land of Canaan; but our possession shall be on this side of the Jordan.”
- And the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben answered and said, “As the LORD has spoken to your servants, so will we do.
Num.32.33 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- להם: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- לבני: PREP
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- ולבני: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ולחצי: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
- שבט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- יוסף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- ממלכת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- סיחן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- ואת: CONJ
- ממלכת: NOUN,f,sg,const
- עוג: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מלך: NOUN,m,sg,cons
- הבשן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- לעריה: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,poss3f
- בגבלת: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,const
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
- סביב: ADV
Parallels
- Numbers 21:21-35 (verbal): Narrative of Israel's encounter with Sihon king of the Amorites and the seizure of his land — provides the military background for the allotment mentioned in Num 32:33.
- Numbers 21:33-35 (verbal): Account of the defeat of Og king of Bashan and the taking of his cities and territory, directly paralleling the reference to Og and Bashan in Num 32:33.
- Deuteronomy 3:1-13 (quotation): Moses' retelling of the defeats of Og and Sihon and the distribution of the conquered lands; Deut 3:13-14 explicitly records giving Gilead and Bashan to Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh, echoing Num 32:33.
- Joshua 13:8-12 (thematic): Joshua's summary of the territorial allotments east of the Jordan, naming the lands of Sihon and Og as given to Reuben, Gad, and half the tribe of Manasseh, parallel to the grant reported in Num 32:33.
Alternative generated candidates
- So Moses gave to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Reuben and to half the tribe of Manasseh the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land with its cities around it, as a possession.
- We ourselves will pass over, armed, before the LORD to the land of Canaan; but our possession shall be on this side the Jordan.”
Num.32.34 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויבנו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- גד: NOUN,prop,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- דיבן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- עטרת: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- ערער: NOUN,f,sg,abs
Parallels
- Num.32:35 (verbal): Immediate continuation in the same passage listing additional cities built by the sons of Gad (same sequence and context).
- Joshua 22:4-5 (esp. v.7) (thematic): The Reubenites and Gadites explain that after crossing the Jordan they built cities and sheepfolds for their families—same settlement activity (building towns) in Transjordan.
- Joshua 13:25 (structural): Describes the allotment of Gilead and the lands east of Jordan to Reuben and Gad (context for the towns named in Numbers 32).
- 1 Chronicles 5:10 (thematic): Chronicle account locating the children of Gad in Gilead and Bashan ‘and in its cities’—a parallel summary of Gad’s settlements east of the Jordan.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Gad built Dibon, Ataroth, and Aroer,
- And Moses gave to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Reuben and to half the tribe of Manasseh the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan—the land with its cities around it—for a possession.
Num.32.35 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- עטרת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שופן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- יעזר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ויגבהה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 32:1–42 (structural): Verse 35 is part of this extended list of towns given to Reuben, Gad and the half‑tribe of Manasseh east of the Jordan; the same place‑names appear throughout the chapter.
- Joshua 13:15–31 (verbal): Joshua's summary of the territorial allotments east of the Jordan repeats many of the same city names (e.g., Ataroth/Ataroth‑Shophan, Jazer/Jogbehah) and the assignment of lands to Reuben, Gad and half Manasseh.
- Joshua 22:9–34 (thematic): Narrative about the Reubenites, Gadites and half‑tribe of Manasseh returning to their holdings east of the Jordan and the controversy over an altar—drawn from the same trans‑Jordan territorial context named in Num 32:35.
- 1 Chronicles 5:8–18 (structural): Chronicles recounts the settlements, boundaries and military role of Reuben, Gad and the half‑tribe of Manasseh on the east side of the Jordan, paralleling the territorial list found in Numbers 32.
- Deuteronomy 3:12–13 (allusion): Moses' summary of the conquest and distribution of Bashan and Gilead to Israel alludes to the same trans‑Jordan territory and cities allocated to tribes east of the Jordan.
Alternative generated candidates
- and Ataroth‑shophan, Jazer, and Jogbehah.
- And the sons of Gad built Dibon, Ataroth, and Aroer; Ataroth‑Shophan, Jazer, and Jogbehah.
Num.32.36 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- נמרה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בית: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הרן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ערי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
- מבצר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וגדרת: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- צאן: NOUN,m,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:34 (verbal): Immediate verbal parallel — the same towns (Beth‑Nimrah and Beth‑Haran) are listed in the neighboring verse as part of the cities assigned to the Reubenites and Gadites.
- Joshua 13:25-28 (structural): Josh. repeats the territorial allotments to Reuben and Gad (and the half‑tribe of Manasseh), including the same towns; parallels the tradition of land assignment found in Num.32:36.
- Deuteronomy 3:13-14 (thematic): Describes the region of Gilead/Bashan as containing fortified towns ‘with high walls, gates, and bars,’ paralleling Num.32:36’s characterization of Beth‑Nimrah and Beth‑Haran as fortified cities.
- 1 Chronicles 5:10-18 (thematic): Chronicles recounts the settlement and possessions of the tribes of Reuben and Gad in Gilead, echoing the territorial and pastoral emphasis (’folds for flocks’/pastoral holdings) of Num.32:36.
Alternative generated candidates
- They also built Beth‑nimrah and Beth‑haran, fortified cities and folds for sheep.
- And Beth‑nimrah and Beth‑haran—fortified cities and folds for flocks.
Num.32.37 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ובני: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,cons
- ראובן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
- את: PRT,acc
- חשבון: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- אלעלא: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- קריתים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
Parallels
- Numbers 32:36 (structural): Immediately parallel within the same chapter: another statement that the children of Reuben 'built' a list of towns (Bezer, Jahazah, Kedemoth, Mephaath), using the same verb andForma of settlement list.
- Numbers 32:38 (structural): Close internal parallel: the children of Gad are said to have 'built' Dibon, Ataroth and Aroer — the same settlement formula applied to neighboring tribes east of the Jordan.
- Deuteronomy 3:12-13 (thematic): Describes the territorial allotment east of the Jordan to Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh, providing the broader context for Reubenite settlement (including towns like Heshbon).
- Joshua 13:17-18 (thematic): Lists Heshbon among the cities taken from Sihon and assigned in the Transjordan area—connects the conquest/possession of Heshbon to its later habitation by Israelite tribes.
- Numbers 21:25-26 (thematic): Describes Israel's defeat of Sihon and the taking of his cities (including Heshbon), the earlier historical event that explains how sites like Heshbon came into Israelite hands to be built/inhabited later.
Alternative generated candidates
- The sons of Reuben built Heshbon, Elealeh, and Kiriathaim,
- And the sons of Reuben built Heshbon, Elealeh, and Kirjathaim.
Num.32.38 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ואת: CONJ
- נבו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בעל: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מעון: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מוסבת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- שם: ADV
- ואת: CONJ
- שבמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ויקראו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
- בשמת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- שמות: NOUN,m,pl,abs
- הערים: NOUN,f,pl,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בנו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
Parallels
- Joshua 13:16-17 (verbal): Lists the same Transjordan towns (Nebo, Baal-meon/Beth-meon, Sibmah) as part of the Reubenite/Gadite allotment—verbal repetition of place-names found in Num 32:38.
- Numbers 32:34-36 (structural): Immediate context within the same chapter describing how the Reubenites and Gadites built cities for their flocks and ‘called the names of the cities which they built,’ closely paralleling v.38’s report of naming towns.
- 1 Chronicles 5:8 (allusion): Chronicles’ summary of the eastern tribes’ settlements repeats the tradition of towns and territories in Transjordan associated with Reuben and Gad, echoing the place-listing and settlement motif of Num 32:38.
- Deuteronomy 3:12-14 (thematic): Describes allocation of Transjordan lands (Gilead, Bashan, towns) to the tribes east of the Jordan—parallels the theme of eastern-tribe settlement and territorial naming that Num 32:38 records.
Alternative generated candidates
- and Nebo and Baal‑meon (now called after its name), and Sibmah; they called the names of the cities which they built.
- And Nebo and Baal‑meon (called after its name) and Sibmah—they called the names of the cities which they built.
Num.32.39 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- וילכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- בני: NOUN,m,pl,construct
- מכיר: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- גלעדה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- וילכדה: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
- ויורש: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- האמרי: NOUN,m,sg,def
- אשר: PRON,rel
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 32:40-42 (structural): Immediate continuation of the same episode: v.40 repeats Machir's capture of Gilead, v.41 records Jair's taking of villages in Gilead, and v.42 records Nobah's capture of Kenath—same conquest/inheritance sequence.
- Joshua 13:29-31 (thematic): Describes the allotment of Gilead and Bashan to the half-tribe of Manasseh and the towns of Jair—later settlement language referring to the same territory taken by Machir's descendants.
- Deuteronomy 3:13 (allusion): Moses' summary that Gilead was given to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Machir) — a theological/territorial affirmation of the grant described in Num 32:39.
- Judges 10:3-5 (verbal): Account of Jair (Yair) of Gilead and his thirty sons/towns parallels the brief reference in Num 32:41 to Jair capturing villages in Gilead; links the same local figure and settlements.
- Numbers 21:21-31 (thematic): Narrative of Israel's defeat of Sihon the Amorite and dispossession of his land in Transjordan—parallels the current verse's motif of driving out Amorites and taking their territory.
Alternative generated candidates
- Then the sons of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead and took it and dispossessed the Amorites who were there.
- And the sons of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead, captured it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were there.
Num.32.40 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויתן: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- משה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
- את: PRT,acc
- הגלעד: NOUN,m,sg,def
- למכיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- וישב: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- בה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 32:39 (verbal): Immediate parallel in the same chapter: the text likewise reports Moses giving Gilead to Machir (son of Manasseh) and Machir dwelling there — essentially the same event repeated.
- Deuteronomy 3:14 (quotation): Moses restates the grant of Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh when recounting the conquest and distribution east of the Jordan.
- Joshua 13:30-31 (structural): Part of the land-allotment listings: assigns the territories east of the Jordan (including Gilead/Bashan) to the half-tribe of Manasseh, reflecting the same territorial grant.
- Joshua 17:1-6 (thematic): Discusses the inheritance of the tribe of Manasseh (including territories east of the Jordan), and the settled status of Machir’s descendants in Gilead — same theme of tribal allotment and settlement.
Alternative generated candidates
- Moses gave Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh, and he lived there.
- And Moses gave Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh, and he dwelt there.
Num.32.41 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ויאיר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בן: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- מנשה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וילכד: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- חותיהם: NOUN,f,pl,abs+3mp
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- אתהן: PART+PRON,3,f,pl
- חות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
- יאיר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
Parallels
- Deuteronomy 3:14 (verbal): Same brief account: Jair son of Manasseh took villages in the region and called them Havoth‑Jair (verbal repetition of the place‑naming).
- Joshua 13:30–31 (verbal): Territorial list recounting Jair’s capture of towns in Gilead and the naming of Havoth‑Jair — parallel in the conquest/allotment tradition.
- Judges 10:3–4 (thematic): Later tradition portraying Jair as a leader/judge whose thirty sons owned thirty towns called Havoth‑Jair in Gilead — connects the eponym and settlement tradition.
- 1 Chronicles 2:22 (allusion): Chronicle’s genealogical/territorial material recalls Jair and the Havoth‑Jair settlements, echoing the tribal/land association found in Numbers.
Alternative generated candidates
- Jair the son of Manasseh went and took their villages and called them Havoth‑Jair.
- And Jair the son of Manasseh went and captured their villages and called them Havoth‑Jair.
Num.32.42 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- ונבח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- הלך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
- וילכד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
- את: PRT,acc
- קנת: NOUN,f,sg,abs
- ואת: CONJ
- בנתיה: PREP+NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,3,f,sg
- ויקרא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
- לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg
- נבח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
- בשמו: PREP,3,m,sg
Parallels
- Numbers 32:36 (thematic): Same episode: another report in the Transjordan campaign where Israelite clans capture towns and secure territory (parallel narrative context of local conquests and settlement).
- Joshua 12:7-24 (structural): Catalogue of kings and cities taken by Israel under Moses and Joshua — parallels the genre of listing conquests and territorial acquisitions found in Num 32:42.
- 2 Samuel 5:9 (structural): After capturing the stronghold of Zion David 'called it the city of David' — a direct parallel in practice of securing a place and assigning or affirming a name tied to a leader.
- Joshua 11:10-11 (thematic): Account of Joshua taking Hazor and its king — thematically similar as an Israelite leader captures a city in the conquest tradition.
- Genesis 41:45 (verbal): Pharaoh renames Joseph (Zaphnath‑paneah) — a parallel instance of naming/renaming tied to personal authority or honor, analogous to naming a place after its conqueror.
Alternative generated candidates
- Nobah went and took Kenath and its villages and called it Nobah after his own name.
- And Nobah went and captured Kenath and its settlements and called it Nobah after his own name.
Now the livestock of the sons of Reuben and the sons of Gad was very great; and they saw the land of Jazer and the land of Gilead—behold, it was a place for livestock.
The sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben came and spoke to Moses and to Eleazar the priest and to the leaders of the congregation, saying,
“Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Cheshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon.”
The land which the LORD struck down before the congregation of Israel is a land for livestock; and your servants have livestock.”
They said, “If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants for a possession; do not make us pass over the Jordan.”
Moses said to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Reuben, “Shall your brothers go to war while you sit here?
Why would you discourage the heart of the people of Israel from crossing over into the land which the LORD has given them? Thus your fathers did when I sent them from Kadesh‑barnea to see the land.
They went up to the Valley of Eshcol and saw the land, and they discouraged the heart of the people of Israel so that they would not enter the land which the LORD had given them.
Then the anger of the LORD was kindled that day and he swore, saying,
“Not one of the men who came up out of Egypt, from twenty years old and upward, who saw the land which I swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, will see it.
Only Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite and Joshua the son of Nun shall see it, for they have followed the LORD wholeheartedly.”
The LORD’s anger was kindled against Israel, and he made them wander in the wilderness forty years, until the whole generation that had done evil in the sight of the LORD was consumed. Now you have risen up in place of your fathers—a brood of sinful men—to increase still more the LORD’s burning anger against Israel.
If you turn away from following him, he will yet again leave them in the wilderness, and you will destroy all this people.”
They drew near to him and said, “We will build sheepfolds here for our livestock and cities for our little ones;
but we ourselves will be armed, ready to go before the sons of Israel until they have driven their enemies out; and when they have brought them into their place, we will then settle in our cities.
We will not return to our houses until the Israelites each take possession of his inheritance.
We will not possess among them beyond the Jordan and farther, because our inheritance has come to us on this side of the Jordan eastward.”
Moses said to them, “If you will do this thing, if you arm yourselves before the LORD for the battle,
then every one of you who is armed shall pass over the Jordan before the LORD until he has driven out his enemies from before him,
and the land shall be subdued before the LORD; then afterwards you shall return and be clear before the LORD and before Israel, and this land shall be your possession before the LORD. But if you do not do so, behold, you have sinned against the LORD; and know assuredly that your sin will find you out.
Build for yourselves cities for your little ones and folds for your flocks; and do what has come out of your mouth.”
The sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben answered Moses and said, “Your servants will do as my lord commands.
Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our cattle shall remain there in the cities of Gilead;
but your servants, every one who is armed for battle, will pass over before the LORD for war, as my lord says.”
Moses commanded Eleazar the priest, and Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of the fathers’ tribes of the people of Israel.
He said to them, “If the sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben pass over the Jordan before you, every armed man before the LORD, and the land is subdued before you, then you shall give them the land of Gilead for a possession. But if they do not pass over armed before you, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan.”
The sons of Gad and the sons of Reuben answered and said, “Whatever the LORD has said to your servants, so will we do.
We will pass over, every man armed before the LORD to the land of Canaan; and our possession shall be on this side the Jordan.”
Moses gave to the sons of Gad and to the sons of Reuben and to half the tribe of Manasseh the lands of Sihon the king of the Amorites and of Og the king of Bashan, the country with its cities and the surrounding territory.
The sons of Gad built Dibon and Ataroth and Aroer;
and Ataroth‑Shophan, Jazer, and Jogbehah;
and Beth‑nimrah and Beth‑haran—fortified cities and folds for flocks.
The sons of Reuben built Heshbon, Elealeh, and Kirjathaim;
and Nebo and Baal‑meon (the same is called Sibmah); and they named the cities which they built after their own names.
The sons of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead and took it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were there.
Moses gave Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh, and he dwelt there.
Jair the son of Manasseh went and took their villages and called them Havvoth‑Jair.
Nobah went and took Kenath and its villages and called it Nobah, after his own name.