Job on God's Power and Human Mortality

Job 12:1-14:22

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Genesis

The Creation of the World 1:1-2:3 The Creation of Man and Woman 2:4-25 The Fall of Man 3:1-24 Cain and Abel 4:1-26 From Adam to Noah 5:1-32 The Flood 6:1-8:22 God’s Covenant with Noah 9:1-17 Noah’s Drunkenness and Curse 9:18-29 Nations Descended from Noah 10:1-32 The Tower of Babel 11:1-9 From Shem to Abram 11:10-32 The Call of Abram 12:1-9 Abram in Egypt 12:10-20 Abram and Lot Separate 13:1-18 Abram Rescues Lot 14:1-24 God’s Covenant with Abram 15:1-21 Hagar and Ishmael 16:1-16 The Covenant of Circumcision 17:1-27 A Son Promised to Sarah 18:1-15 Abraham Intercedes for Sodom 18:16-33 The Destruction of Sodom 19:1-29 The Origin of Moab and Ammon 19:30-38 Abraham and Abimelech 20:1-18 The Birth of Isaac 21:1-7 Hagar and Ishmael Sent Away 21:8-21 A Treaty with Abimelech 21:22-34 The Sacrifice of Isaac 22:1-19 Nahor’s Children 22:20-24 The Death and Burial of Sarah 23:1-20 A Wife for Isaac 24:1-67 The Death of Abraham 25:1-11 Ishmael’s Descendants 25:12-18 Esau and Jacob 25:19-34 Isaac and Abimelech 26:1-35 Jacob Takes Esau’s Blessing 27:1-40 Jacob Sent to Paddan-aram 27:41-28:9 Jacob’s Dream at Bethel 28:10-22 Jacob Meets Rachel 29:1-14 Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel 29:15-30 The Children of Jacob 29:31-30:24 Jacob’s Prosperity 30:25-43 Jacob Flees from Laban 31:1-21 Jacob and Laban Make a Covenant 31:22-55 Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau 32:1-21 Jacob Wrestles with God 32:22-32 Jacob Meets Esau 33:1-20 Dinah and the Shechemites 34:1-31 God Blesses Jacob at Bethel 35:1-15 Deaths of Rachel and Isaac 35:16-29 Esau’s Descendants 36:1-30 The Kings of Edom 36:31-43 Joseph’s Dreams 37:1-11 Joseph Sold by His Brothers 37:12-36 Judah and Tamar 38:1-30 Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife 39:1-23 Joseph Interprets Dreams in Prison 40:1-23 Pharaoh’s Dreams 41:1-40 Joseph Rises to Power 41:41-57 Joseph’s Brothers Go to Egypt 42:1-38 Joseph’s Brothers Return with Benjamin 43:1-34 The Silver Cup 44:1-34 Joseph Reveals Himself 45:1-28 Jacob Goes to Egypt 46:1-47:12 Joseph and the Famine 47:13-31 Jacob Blesses Ephraim and Manasseh 48:1-22 Jacob Blesses His Sons 49:1-28 The Death and Burial of Jacob 49:29-50:14 Joseph Reassures His Brothers 50:15-21 The Death of Joseph 50:22-26

Exodus

Israel Increases in Egypt 1:1-22 The Birth of Moses 2:1-10 Moses Flees to Midian 2:11-25 The Burning Bush 3:1-22 Signs for Moses 4:1-17 Moses Returns to Egypt 4:18-31 Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh 5:1-21 God Promises Deliverance 5:22-6:12 The Genealogy of Moses and Aaron 6:13-27 Moses and Aaron Sent to Pharaoh 6:28-7:7 Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Serpent 7:8-13 The First Plague: Water to Blood 7:14-24 The Second Plague: Frogs 7:25-8:15 The Third Plague: Gnats 8:16-19 The Fourth Plague: Flies 8:20-32 The Fifth Plague: Livestock Die 9:1-7 The Sixth Plague: Boils 9:8-12 The Seventh Plague: Hail 9:13-35 The Eighth Plague: Locusts 10:1-20 The Ninth Plague: Darkness 10:21-29 A Final Plague Threatened 11:1-10 The Passover 12:1-30 The Exodus 12:31-42 Passover Regulations 12:43-51 Consecration of the Firstborn 13:1-16 Crossing the Red Sea 13:17-14:31 The Song of Moses 15:1-21 Bitter Water Made Sweet 15:22-27 Manna from Heaven 16:1-36 Water from the Rock 17:1-7 Amalek Defeated 17:8-16 Jethro’s Advice 18:1-27 Israel at Mount Sinai 19:1-25 The Ten Commandments 20:1-21 Laws About Altars 20:22-21:1 Laws About Slaves 21:2-11 Laws About Personal Injuries 21:12-36 Laws About Restitution 22:1-15 Laws About Holiness 22:16-31 Laws About Justice 23:1-9 Sabbath Years and Weeks 23:10-13 The Three Feasts 23:14-19 The Angel and the Promises 23:20-33 The Covenant Confirmed 24:1-18 Contributions for the Sanctuary 25:1-9 The Ark of the Testimony 25:10-22 The Table for Bread 25:23-30 The Golden Lampstand 25:31-40 The Tabernacle 26:1-37 The Bronze Altar 27:1-8 The Court of the Tabernacle 27:9-19 Oil for the Lamp 27:20-21 The Priests’ Garments 28:1-5 The Ephod 28:6-14 The Breastpiece of Judgment 28:15-30 Other Priestly Garments 28:31-43 Consecration of the Priests 29:1-46 The Altar of Incense 30:1-10 The Census Tax 30:11-16 The Bronze Basin 30:17-21 The Anointing Oil 30:22-33 The Incense 30:34-38 Oholiab and Bezalel 31:1-11 The Sabbath Sign 31:12-18 The Golden Calf 32:1-33:6 The Tent of Meeting 33:7-11 Moses’ Intercession and God’s Glory 33:12-23 New Tablets and Covenant 34:1-28 The Shining Face of Moses 34:29-35 Sabbath Regulations 35:1-3 Freewill Offerings for the Tabernacle 35:4-29 Bezalel and Oholiab Set Apart 35:30-36:7 Making the Tabernacle 36:8-38 Making the Ark 37:1-9 Making the Table 37:10-16 Making the Lampstand 37:17-24 Making the Altar of Incense 37:25-29 Making the Bronze Altar 38:1-7 Making the Bronze Basin 38:8 Making the Court 38:9-20 Materials of the Tabernacle 38:21-31 Making the Priests’ Garments 39:1 The Ephod Made 39:2-7 The Breastpiece Made 39:8-21 Other Garments Made 39:22-31 The Work Completed 39:32-43 The Tabernacle Erected 40:1-33 The Glory Fills the Tabernacle 40:34-38

Numbers

The Census of Israel 1:1-54 Arrangement of the Camp 2:1-34 The Levites’ Duties 3:1-51 Kohathites’ Service 4:1-20 Gershonites’ Service 4:21-28 Merarites’ Service 4:29-33 Census of the Levites 4:34-49 Unclean Removed from Camp 5:1-4 Restitution for Wrongs 5:5-10 The Test for Adultery 5:11-31 The Nazirite Vow 6:1-21 The Priestly Blessing 6:22-27 Offerings of the Leaders 7:1-89 The Lamps 8:1-4 The Levites Consecrated 8:5-26 The Passover Celebrated 9:1-14 The Cloud Over the Tabernacle 9:15-23 The Silver Trumpets 10:1-10 Departure from Sinai 10:11-36 Complaint and Quail; Seventy Elders 11:1-35 Miriam and Aaron Oppose Moses 12:1-16 Spies Sent into Canaan 13:1-25 Report of the Spies 13:26-33 The People Rebel 14:1-45 Offerings and Firstfruits 15:1-21 Unintentional Sin and Presumptuous Sin 15:22-31 The Sabbath-Breaker 15:32-36 Tassels on Garments 15:37-41 Korah’s Rebellion 16:1-50 Aaron’s Staff Buds 17:1-13 Priests’ and Levites’ Duties 18:1-7 Portions for Priests and Levites 18:8-32 The Red Heifer 19:1-22 Water from the Rock at Meribah 20:1-13 Edom Refuses Passage 20:14-21 Aaron’s Death 20:22-29 Arad Defeated 21:1-3 The Bronze Serpent 21:4-9 Journeys in the Wilderness 21:10-20 Victories over Sihon and Og 21:21-35 Balaam Summoned 22:1-20 Balaam’s Donkey and the Angel 22:21-41 Balaam’s First Oracle 23:1-12 Balaam’s Second Oracle 23:13-26 Balaam’s Third Oracle 23:27-24:14 The Star out of Jacob 24:15-19 Balaam’s Final Sayings 24:20-25 Baal of Peor and Phinehas 25:1-18 The Second Census 26:1-65 Daughters of Zelophehad 27:1-11 Joshua Appointed 27:12-23 Daily Offerings 28:1-8 Sabbath Offerings 28:9-10 Monthly Offerings 28:11-15 Passover Offerings 28:16-25 Weeks (Firstfruits) Offerings 28:26-31 Trumpets Offerings 29:1-6 Day of Atonement Offerings 29:7-11 Booths Offerings 29:12-40 Vows 30:1-16 War with Midian—Spoils 31:1-24 Division of the Spoils 31:25-54 Reuben, Gad, and Half-Manasseh 32:1-42 Stages of Israel’s Journey 33:1-56 Boundaries of the Land 34:1-29 Levitical Cities 35:1-5 Cities of Refuge 35:6-34 Marriage of Zelophehad’s Daughters 36:1-13

Deuteronomy

Preamble and Setting 1:1-8 Leaders Appointed 1:9-18 Spies Sent 1:19-25 Rebellion and Judgment 1:26-46 Journey Through Edom, Moab, Ammon 2:1-23 Victory over Sihon 2:24-37 Victory over Og 3:1-11 Allotment East of Jordan 3:12-20 Moses Forbidden to Enter 3:21-29 Call to Obey 4:1-14 No Idols 4:15-31 The LORD Alone Is God 4:32-40 Cities of Refuge East 4:41-43 Introduction to the Law 4:44-49 The Ten Commandments Rehearsed 5:1-33 The Shema and Instruction 6:1-25 Warning Against the Nations 7:1-26 Do Not Forget the LORD 8:1-20 Not for Your Righteousness 9:1-6 Israel’s Rebellions Recounted 9:7-29 New Tablets; Ark 10:1-11 Fear the LORD 10:12-22 Love, Obey, Choose 11:1-32 The Place of Worship 12:1-32 False Prophets and Idolatry 13:1-18 Clean and Unclean Foods 14:1-21 Tithes 14:22-29 Sabbatical Year 15:1-11 Hebrew Slaves 15:12-18 Firstborn Animals 15:19-23 Passover 16:1-8 Weeks 16:9-12 Booths 16:13-17 Justice 16:18-20 Forbidden Worship 16:21-17:7 Difficult Cases 17:8-13 Laws for the King 17:14-20 Provision for Levites 18:1-8 Abominable Practices 18:9-13 A Prophet Like Moses 18:14-22 Cities of Refuge 19:1-14 Witnesses and Penalties 19:15-21 Rules for War 20:1-20 Unsolved Murder 21:1-9 Wives from War 21:10-14 Rights of the Firstborn 21:15-17 Rebellious Son 21:18-21 Various Laws 21:22-22:12 Laws of Chastity 22:13-30 Assembly Exclusions 23:1-8 Camp Purity 23:9-14 Various Laws Continued 23:15-25:19 Firstfruits and Tithes Confession 26:1-15 You Are the LORD’s People 26:16-19 Law on Stones and Altar 27:1-8 Curses Pronounced 27:9-26 Blessings for Obedience 28:1-14 Curses for Disobedience 28:15-68 Renewal in Moab 29:1-29 Choose Life 30:1-20 Joshua Commissioned 31:1-8 Public Reading of the Law 31:9-13 Moses’ Warning of Apostasy 31:14-29 The Song of Moses 31:30-32:47 Moses to Die on Nebo 32:48-52 Moses Blesses Israel 33:1-29 The Death of Moses 34:1-12

Joshua

Joshua Commissioned and Encouraged 1:1-18 Rahab Protects the Spies 2:1-24 Crossing the Jordan and Memorial Stones 3:1-4:24 Renewal at Gilgal: Circumcision and Passover 5:1-12 The Commander Appears and the Fall of Jericho 5:13-6:27 Defeat at Ai and Achan's Sin Revealed 7:1-26 The Capture and Destruction of Ai 8:1-29 Altar on Mount Ebal and the Law Proclaimed 8:30-35 The Gibeonite Deception and Treaty 9:1-27 Victory at Gibeon and the Long Day 10:1-15 Capture and Execution of the Five Kings 10:16-28 The Southern Campaign and Conquest of Cities 10:29-43 Defeat of the Northern Coalition and Hazor Destroyed 11:1-23 Lists of Kings Defeated East and West of the Jordan 12:1-24 Land Remaining to Be Possessed 13:1-7 Allotments East of the Jordan 13:8-33 Procedure for Distributing the Land and Levitical Cities 14:1-5 Caleb's Claim and Inheritance of Hebron 14:6-15 Boundaries and Towns of Judah 15:1-63 Ephraim and West Manasseh: Boundaries and Claims 16:1-17:18 Shiloh Established and the Land Surveyed 18:1-10 Territory and Towns of Benjamin 18:11-28 Territory of Simeon 19:1-9 Territory of Zebulun 19:10-16 Territory of Issachar 19:17-23 Territory of Asher 19:24-31 Territory of Naphtali 19:32-39 Territory of Dan 19:40-48 Completion of the Allotments and Joshua's Inheritance 19:49-51 Cities of Refuge Established 20:1-9 Levitical Cities and Their Holdings 21:1-45 The Eastern Tribes' Altar and the Reconciliation 22:1-34 Joshua's Farewell Exhortation and Warning 23:1-16 Renewal of the Covenant at Shechem 24:1-27 Death and Burial of Joshua and Eleazar 24:28-33

1 Samuel

Hannah's Prayer for a Son 1:1-20 Hannah Presents Samuel to the Lord 1:21-28 Hannah's Song of Praise 2:1-11 Eli's Corrupt Sons and Samuel's Childhood 2:12-26 Prophecy of Judgment on Eli's House 2:27-36 Samuel's Call and the Lord's Word to Eli 3:1-4:1 Israel Defeated and the Ark Captured 4:2-11 Eli's Death and the Birth of Ichabod 4:12-22 The Ark Brings Judgment in Philistine Cities 5:1-12 The Ark Returned to Israel 6:1-7:1 Samuel Judges Israel and Delivers Them at Mizpah 7:2-17 Israel Demands a King 8:1-22 Saul Chosen and Given Signs 9:1-10:8 Saul Proclaimed King by Lot 10:9-27 Saul's Victory at Jabesh-Gilead 11:1-11 Saul Confirmed as King at Gilgal 11:12-15 Samuel's Farewell and Exhortation to Israel 12:1-25 Saul's Unauthorized Sacrifice and Rebuke 13:1-15 Philistine Pressure and Israel's Lack of Arms 13:16-22 Jonathan's Bold Assault and Victory 13:23-14:14 Saul's Rash Oath and Its Consequences 14:15-23 Saul's Pursuit and Jonathan's Exploits 14:24-48 Saul's Family and Mighty Men 14:49-52 Saul's Disobedience and Rejection as King 15:1-35 David Anointed by Samuel 16:1-13 David Serves Saul and Eases His Torment 16:14-23 David and Goliath 17:1-58 David's Rise and Saul's Jealousy 18:1-30 Saul's Attempts on David's Life and Jonathan's Intervention 19:1-24 David and Jonathan's Covenant 20:1-42 David at Nob: Bread and Goliath's Sword 21:1-9 David Feigns Madness at Gath 21:10-15 David Gathers Followers and Seeks Priestly Aid 22:1-5 Massacre at Nob and Abiathar Joins David 22:6-23 David Delivers Keilah and Inquires of God 23:1-6 Saul's Pursuit, Ziphite Betrayal, and David's Escape 23:7-29 David Spares Saul in a Cave 24:1-22 Nabal's Folly and Abigail's Intervention 25:1-44 David Again Spares Saul in His Camp 26:1-25 David Seeks Refuge with Achish 27:1-12 Saul and the Witch of Endor 28:1-25 The Philistines Reject David 29:1-11 David Recovers His Family and Defeats the Amalekites 30:1-31 The Death of Saul and His Sons 31:1-13

2 Samuel

An Amalekite Reports Saul and Jonathan's Death 1:1-16 David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan 1:17-27 David Anointed King of Judah at Hebron 2:1-7 Ish‑Bosheth Made King; Civil War with David Begins 2:8-3:5 Abner Seeks Alliance with David 3:6-21 Joab Murders Abner; David's Protest and Mourning 3:22-39 Ish‑Bosheth Assassinated 4:1-12 David Anointed King over All Israel 5:1-5 David Captures Jerusalem and Establishes His House 5:6-16 David's Victories over the Philistines 5:17-25 Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem; Uzzah's Death and David's Joy 6:1-23 God's Covenant with David 7:1-17 David's Prayer of Thanksgiving for God's Promise 7:18-29 David's Military Victories 8:1-14 David's Officials and Mighty Men 8:15-18 David Shows Kindness to Mephibosheth 9:1-13 War with the Ammonites and Syrians 10:1-19 David and Bathsheba; the Death of Uriah 11:1-27 Nathan Rebukes David; Judgment and Aftermath 12:1-31 Amnon's Crime against Tamar 13:1-22 Absalom Kills Amnon and Flees 13:23-39 Joab Secures Absalom's Return and Reconciliation 14:1-33 Absalom's Conspiracy and Rise to Power 15:1-12 David Flees Jerusalem; Loyal Followers Accompany Him 15:13-37 Ziba Brings Provisions to David 16:1-4 Shimei Curses David as He Flees 16:5-14 Counsel in Absalom's Court; Ahithophel's Plan and Hushai's Counterplot 16:15-17:29 Battle in the Forest of Ephraim and Absalom's Death 18:1-18 Reports of Victory and David's Grief for Absalom 18:19-19:8 David's Return to Jerusalem; Reconciliation and Disputes 19:9-43 Sheba's Revolt and Its Suppression 20:1-26 Famine and the Gibeonites' Demand; Saul's Descendants Executed 21:1-14 David's Battles with the Philistines and the Valor of His Men 21:15-22 David's Song of Deliverance 22:1-51 David's Final Oracle 23:1-7 The Deeds of David's Mighty Warriors 23:8-39 David's Census and the Resulting Plague 24:1-17 David Purchases the Threshing Floor; Sacrifice and End of Plague 24:18-25

1 Kings

Adonijah Attempts to Seize the Throne 1:1-27 Solomon Anointed King 1:28-53 David's Charge to Solomon and Death 2:1-12 Solomon Consolidates His Power 2:13-46 Solomon's Request for Wisdom 3:1-15 Solomon's Wise Judgment 3:16-28 Solomon's Officials and Administrative Order 4:1-19 The Wealth and Prosperity of Israel 4:20-28 Solomon's Wisdom and Fame 4:29-34 Alliances and Preparations for the Temple 5:1-18 Solomon Builds the Temple 6:1-38 Solomon's Palace and Structural Works 7:1-12 Temple Furnishings and the Work of Hiram 7:13-51 The Ark Brought into the Temple 8:1-21 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication 8:22-61 The Dedication Celebrated with Sacrifice 8:62-66 God's Promise and Warning to Solomon 9:1-9 Solomon's Building Projects and Trade 9:10-28 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 10:1-13 The Wealth and Splendor of Solomon's Reign 10:14-29 Solomon's Foreign Wives and Apostasy 11:1-13 Adversaries Raised Against Solomon 11:14-25 Jeroboam's Call and the Promise of Division 11:26-40 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 11:41-43 Rehoboam's Folly and the Kingdom Divides 12:1-24 Jeroboam Establishes Golden Calves 12:25-33 Prophetic Rebuke at Bethel and Deception 13:1-34 Ahijah's Prophecy Against Jeroboam 14:1-20 Rehoboam's Unfaithfulness and Shishak's Invasion 14:21-31 Abijam's Short Reign in Judah 15:1-8 Asa's Reforms and Early Reign 15:9-24 Nadab's Reign and Baasha's Conspiracy 15:25-32 Baasha's Reign and Jehu's Prophecy 15:33-16:7 Elah Assassinated and Zimri's Usurpation 16:8-14 Zimri's Suicide and Omri's Rise to Power 16:15-20 Omri Establishes Samaria as Capital 16:21-28 Ahab and Jezebel Introduce Baal Worship 16:29-34 Elijah Announces the Drought and Is Fed by Ravens 17:1-6 Elijah in Zarephath: Provision and Resurrection 17:7-24 Elijah Confronts Ahab and Prepares for Confrontation 18:1-15 Elijah on Mount Carmel and the Fall of Baal's Prophets 18:16-46 Elijah Flees to Horeb and Is Renewed 19:1-9 God's Response to Elijah and New Commissions 19:10-18 The Call of Elisha 19:19-21 Ben‑hadad Besieges Samaria; Israel's Defiant Response 20:1-12 Israel's Victories Over Aram and Ahab's Mercy 20:13-34 A Prophet Enacts Judgment on the King 20:35-43 Naboth's Vineyard: Ahab and Jezebel's Crime and Punishment 21:1-29 Ahab and Jehoshaphat Seek Counsel; Micaiah's True Prophecy 22:1-28 Ahab Dies at Ramoth‑Gilead 22:29-40 Jehoshaphat's Reign in Judah 22:41-50 Ahaziah Succeeds Ahab and Does Evil 22:51-53

2 Kings

Ahaziah Seeks Counsel and Elijah’s Judgment 1:1-18 Elijah Taken Up; Elisha Succeeds 2:1-18 Elisha Purifies Jericho’s Water 2:19-22 Mockers of Elisha Mauled by Bears 2:23-25 Alliance Against Moab and Elisha’s Miracle 3:1-27 The Widow’s Oil Multiplied 4:1-7 Elisha Restores the Shunammite’s Son 4:8-37 Poisoned Stew Made Safe 4:38-41 Elisha Feeds a Hundred Men 4:42-44 Naaman Healed of Leprosy and Gehazi’s Greed 5:1-27 The Floating Axe Head 6:1-7 Elisha Foils the Aramean Raid 6:8-23 Famine Besieges Samaria 6:24-7:2 Arameans Flee; Samaria’s Deliverance 7:3-20 The Shunammite Restored to Her Land 8:1-6 Elisha Foretells Hazael’s Rise 8:7-15 Jehoram’s Reign in Israel 8:16-24 Ahaziah of Judah Ascends the Throne 8:25-29 Anointing of Jehu as King 9:1-13 Jehu Slays Joram and the House of Ahab 9:14-29 The Death of Jezebel 9:30-37 Jehu Executes Ahab’s Kin at Jezreel 10:1-17 Jehu Destroys Baal Worship 10:18-36 Joash Crowned; Athaliah Overthrown 11:1-21 Joash Repairs the Temple 12:1-21 Jehoahaz of Israel and Aramean Oppression 13:1-9 Jehoash of Israel and Elisha’s Final Acts 13:10-25 Amaziah of Judah: Victory and Pride 14:1-22 Jeroboam II Restores Israel’s Borders 14:23-29 Azariah (Uzziah) King of Judah 15:1-7 Zechariah’s Short Reign and Assassination 15:8-12 Shallum’s Brief Usurpation and Murder 15:13-16 Menahem’s Reign and Tribute to Assyria 15:17-22 Pekahiah Murdered; Pekah’s Conspiracy 15:23-26 Pekah Rules and Wars with Judah 15:27-31 Jotham King of Judah 15:32-38 Ahaz’s Reign and Submission to Assyria 16:1-20 Fall of Samaria and Israel’s Exile 17:1-6 Reasons for Israel’s Exile 17:7-23 Resettling Samaria and Syncretistic Worship 17:24-41 Hezekiah’s Reforms and Fortifications 18:1-16 Rabshakeh’s Taunts before Jerusalem 18:17-37 Hezekiah’s Plea and Isaiah’s Prophecy 19:1-13 Hezekiah’s Prayer of Surrender 19:14-19 The LORD Delivers Jerusalem from Sennacherib 19:20-37 Hezekiah’s Illness, Recovery, and the Sign 20:1-11 Hezekiah’s Pride and a Warning about Babylon 20:12-21 Manasseh’s Long, Wicked Reign 21:1-18 Amon’s Short Reign and Assassination 21:19-26 Josiah Finds the Book of the Law and Reforms 22:1-20 Josiah’s Covenant Renewal and Passover 23:1-30 Jehoahaz Deposed; Jehoiakim Installed by Egypt 23:31-35 Jehoiakim’s Reign and Babylonian Pressure 23:36-24:7 Jehoiachin’s Brief Reign and First Exile 24:8-17 Zedekiah Appointed as Babylon’s Vassal 24:18-19 Siege and Fall of Jerusalem; Destruction and Exile 24:20-25:26 Jehoiachin Released from Babylonian Prison 25:27-30

1 Chronicles

Genealogies from Adam to Abraham 1:1-27 The Descendants of Abraham 1:28-34 The Edomite Genealogies (Esau and Seir) 1:35-54 The Sons of Israel 2:1-2 The Genealogy and Families of Judah 2:3-55 David’s Descendants and the Royal Line 3:1-24 Judahite Families and Notable Descendants 4:1-23 The Families and Settlements of Simeon 4:24-43 Transjordanian Tribes and Their Chiefs 5:1-10 Wars and Settlements East of the Jordan 5:11-22 Loss of Territory and Exile East of the Jordan 5:23-26 The Levites: Genealogy and Temple Service 6:1-81 The Tribe of Issachar 7:1-5 A Register of Benjamin’s Households 7:6-12 A Brief Genealogical Note 7:13 The Tribe of Naphtali 7:14-19 The Tribe of Manasseh 7:20-29 The Tribe of Ephraim 7:30-40 The Genealogy of Benjamin (including Saul’s Line) 8:1-9:1 Resettlement of Jerusalem: Residents and Officials 9:2-34 Gatekeepers and Temple Servants in Jerusalem 9:35-44 The Death of Saul and the End of His House 10:1-14 David Anointed King over Israel 11:1-3 David Captures Jerusalem (Zion) 11:4-9 David’s Mighty Men and Warriors 11:10-47 Those Who Came to David at Hebron (Judah’s Support) 12:1-22 Israel’s Warriors Join David at Hebron 12:23-40 Bringing the Ark: Preparations and Uzzah’s Death 13:1-14 David’s Household and Philistine Submission 14:1-7 David’s Victories over the Philistines 14:8-17 Preparations for Bringing the Ark to Jerusalem 15:1-16:6 David Institutes Worship and a Song of Praise 16:7-43 God’s Covenant with David (Nathan’s Oracle) 17:1-15 David’s Prayer of Thanksgiving for the Covenant 17:16-27 David’s Military Victories and Tribute 18:1-13 David’s Officials and the Spoils of War 18:14-17 War with the Ammonites and Their Allies 19:1-19 The Campaign against Rabbah (Ammon) 20:1-3 Defeat of the Philistines and Their Champions 20:4-8 David’s Census, Plague, and Purchase of the Temple Site 21:1-22:1 David’s Preparations and Instructions for Solomon 22:2-19 David Organizes the Levites 23:1-6 Levitical Families and Their Heads 23:7-11 Age Regulations and Duties of the Levites 23:12-20 Assignments of Levites: Singers, Gatekeepers, Treasurers 23:21-32 Divisions of the Priests into Twenty‑Four Courses 24:1-19 Priestly Families and Their Cities 24:20-31 The Levitical Musicians and Their Organization 25:1-31 Gatekeepers and Their Lineages 26:1-19 Officials Responsible for Treasuries and Records 26:20-32 Military Divisions and Their Commanders 27:1-15 David’s Civil Officials and Overseers 27:16-24 Heads of the King’s Household and Provisions 27:25-34 David’s Charge to Solomon and the Temple Plan 28:1-21 The Nation’s Offerings for the Temple 29:1-9 David’s Prayer of Praise and Blessing for Solomon 29:10-20 David’s Final Acts and Organization of the Kingdom 29:21-25 The Death of David and Solomon’s Accession 29:26-30

2 Chronicles

Solomon's Sacrifice at Gibeon and Prayer for Wisdom 1:1-17 Solomon Secures Materials and Craftsmen for the Temple 2:1-18 The Temple: Foundation and Structure 3:1-17 Temple Furnishings and Completion of the Work 4:1-5:1 The Ark Installed and Solomon's Dedication Prayer 5:2-6:11 Solomon's Prayer of Dedication and God's Assurance 6:12-42 The Lord Fills the Temple and the Dedication Festival 7:1-10 God Appears to Solomon and Gives a Conditional Promise 7:11-22 Solomon's Other Buildings and Relations with Hiram 8:1-18 The Queen of Sheba Visits Solomon 9:1-12 Solomon's Wealth, Trade, and Administration 9:13-28 Summary of Solomon's Reign and Death 9:29-31 Rehoboam's Folly and the Division of the Kingdom 10:1-11:4 Rehoboam Fortifies Judah and Consolidates Support 11:5-17 Rehoboam's Descendants and Death 11:18-23 Shishak's Invasion and Judah's Loss 12:1-16 Abijah's Victory over Israel and His Death 13:1-14:1 Asa's Reforms and Victory over Ethiopia 14:2-15 Asa Strengthened by Prophecy and Covenant Renewal 15:1-19 Asa's Alliance with Aram and Reproof by Hanani 16:1-14 Jehoshaphat Strengthens Judah and Reforms Justice 17:1-19 Jehoshaphat's Alliance with Ahab and the Battle at Ramoth-gilead 18:1-27 Jehu Rebukes Jehoshaphat for the Alliance with Ahab 18:28-19:3 Judicial Reforms: Judges Appointed to Administer Justice 19:4-11 Jehoshaphat's Deliverance through Prayer and Praise 20:1-30 End of Jehoshaphat's Reign and Jehoram's Accession 20:31-21:3 Jehoram's Wicked Reign, Revolts, and Judgment 21:4-20 Ahaziah Succeeds His Father and Is Wounded 22:1-9 Athaliah's Usurpation Overthrown and Joash Crowned 22:10-23:21 Joash's Temple Restoration under Jehoiada 24:1-16 Joash's Apostasy, Punishment, and Assassination 24:17-27 Amaziah's Reign: Victory, Pride, and Defeat by Israel 25:1-28 Uzziah's Prosperity and Pride; Leprosy for Presumption 26:1-23 Jotham's Reign: Fortifications and Prosperity 27:1-9 Ahaz's Idolatry, Defeats, and Assyrian Subjugation 28:1-27 Hezekiah's Temple Restoration and Religious Reforms 29:1-36 Hezekiah's Passover and National Repentance 30:1-31:1 Hezekiah's Religious Administration and Temple Support 31:2-21 Hezekiah's Defense Against Sennacherib and Divine Deliverance 32:1-23 Hezekiah's Illness, Pride, and the Babylonian Envoys 32:24-33 Manasseh's Idolatry, Captivity, Repentance, and Restoration 33:1-20 Amon's Wicked Reign and Assassination 33:21-25 Josiah's Early Reforms and Temple Repair 34:1-13 The Book of the Law Found, Huldah's Prophecy, and Josiah's Covenant 34:14-33 Josiah's Observance of the Passover 35:1-19 Josiah Killed at Megiddo and National Mourning 35:20-36:1 Jehoahaz Reigns Briefly and Is Deposed by Pharaoh 36:2-4 Jehoiakim's Reign and Disobedience 36:5-8 Jehoiachin's Short Reign and Exile to Babylon 36:9-10 Zedekiah's Reign and Rejection of Prophetic Warnings 36:11-14 Judgment, Exile, and the Decree of Cyrus 36:15-23

Psalm

Psalms 1–2 1:1-2:12 Psalms 3–8 3:1-8 Psalms 4–8 4:1-8 Psalms 5–12 5:1-12 Psalms 6–10 6:1-10 Psalms 7–17 7:1-17 Psalms 8–9 8:1-9 Psalms 9–10 9:1-10:18 Psalms 11–7 11:1-7 Psalms 12–8 12:1-8 Psalms 13–6 13:1-6 Psalms 14–7 14:1-7 Psalms 15–5 15:1-5 Psalms 16–11 16:1-11 Psalms 17–15 17:1-15 Psalms 18–50 18:1-50 Psalms 19–14 19:1-14 Psalms 20–9 20:1-9 Psalms 21–13 21:1-13 Psalms 22–31 22:1-31 Psalms 23–6 23:1-6 Psalms 24–10 24:1-10 Psalms 25–22 25:1-22 Psalms 26–12 26:1-12 Psalms 27–14 27:1-14 Psalms 28–9 28:1-9 Psalms 29–11 29:1-11 Psalms 30–12 30:1-12 Psalms 31–24 31:1-24 Psalms 32–33 32:1-33:22 Psalms 34–22 34:1-22 Psalms 35–28 35:1-28 Psalms 36–12 36:1-12 Psalms 37–40 37:1-40 Psalms 38–22 38:1-22 Psalms 39–13 39:1-13 Psalms 40–17 40:1-17 Psalms 41–13 41:1-13 Psalms 42–43 42:1-43:5 Psalms 44–26 44:1-26 Psalms 45–17 45:1-17 Psalms 46–11 46:1-11 Psalms 47–9 47:1-9 Psalms 48–14 48:1-14 Psalms 49–20 49:1-20 Psalms 50–23 50:1-23 Psalms 51–19 51:1-19 Psalms 52–9 52:1-9 Psalms 53–6 53:1-6 Psalms 54–7 54:1-7 Psalms 55–23 55:1-23 Psalms 56–13 56:1-13 Psalms 57–11 57:1-11 Psalms 58–11 58:1-11 Psalms 59–17 59:1-17 Psalms 60–12 60:1-12 Psalms 61–8 61:1-8 Psalms 62–12 62:1-12 Psalms 63–11 63:1-11 Psalms 64–10 64:1-10 Psalms 65–13 65:1-13 Psalms 66–20 66:1-20 Psalms 67–7 67:1-7 Psalms 68–35 68:1-35 Psalms 69–36 69:1-36 Psalms 70–71 70:1-71:24 Psalms 72–20 72:1-20 Psalms 73–28 73:1-28 Psalms 74–23 74:1-23 Psalms 75–10 75:1-10 Psalms 76–12 76:1-12 Psalms 77–20 77:1-20 Psalms 78–72 78:1-72 Psalms 79–13 79:1-13 Psalms 80–19 80:1-19 Psalms 81–16 81:1-16 Psalms 82–8 82:1-8 Psalms 83–18 83:1-18 Psalms 84–12 84:1-12 Psalms 85–13 85:1-13 Psalms 86–17 86:1-17 Psalms 87–7 87:1-7 Psalms 88–18 88:1-18 Psalms 89–52 89:1-52 Psalms 90–91 90:1-91:16 Psalms 92–97 92:1-97:12 Psalms 98–99 98:1-99:9 Psalms 100–5 100:1-5 Psalms 101–8 101:1-8 Psalms 102–28 102:1-28 Psalms 103–106 103:1-106:48 Psalms 107–43 107:1-43 Psalms 108–13 108:1-13 Psalms 109–31 109:1-31 Psalms 110–118 110:1-118:29 Psalms 119–8 119:1-8 Psalms 119–16 119:9-16 Psalms 119–24 119:17-24 Psalms 119–32 119:25-32 Psalms 119–40 119:33-40 Psalms 119–48 119:41-48 Psalms 119–56 119:49-56 Psalms 119–64 119:57-64 Psalms 119–72 119:65-72 Psalms 119–80 119:73-80 Psalms 119–88 119:81-88 Psalms 119–176 119:89-176 Psalms 119–104 119:96-104 Psalms 119–112 119:105-112 Psalms 119–120 119:113-120 Psalms 119–128 119:121-128 Psalms 119–136 119:129-136 Psalms 119–144 119:137-144 Psalms 119–152 119:145-152 Psalms 119–160 119:153-160 Psalms 119–168 119:161-168 Psalms 119–176 119:169-176 Psalms 120–7 120:1-7 Psalms 121–8 121:1-8 Psalms 122–9 122:1-9 Psalms 123–4 123:1-4 Psalms 124–8 124:1-8 Psalms 125–5 125:1-5 Psalms 126–6 126:1-6 Psalms 127–5 127:1-5 Psalms 128–6 128:1-6 Psalms 129–8 129:1-8 Psalms 130–8 130:1-8 Psalms 131–3 131:1-3 Psalms 132–18 132:1-18 Psalms 133–3 133:1-3 Psalms 134–137 134:1-137:9 Psalms 138–8 138:1-8 Psalms 139–24 139:1-24 Psalms 140–13 140:1-13 Psalms 141–10 141:1-10 Psalms 142–7 142:1-7 Psalms 143–12 143:1-12 Psalms 144–15 144:1-15 Psalms 145–150 145:1-150:6

Proverbs

Introduction: The Purpose of Proverbs and the Fear of the Lord 1:1-7 Warning Against Enticement by Sinners 1:8-19 Wisdom's Public Call and the Folly of Rejection 1:20-33 The Value of Wisdom and Its Protection 2:1-22 Trusting God and Walking in Wisdom 3:1-35 A Father's Exhortation to Hold Fast to Wisdom 4:1-27 Warning Against Adultery and a Call to Fidelity 5:1-23 Warnings: Surety, Laziness, and Wickedness 6:1-19 Obey Parental Commands and the Dangers of Adultery 6:20-35 The Example of a Young Man Seduced 7:1-27 Wisdom's Proclamation and Blessings 8:1-36 Contrasting Invitations of Wisdom and Folly 9:1-18 Solomon's Proverbs: Contrasts of Righteousness and Folly 10:1-32 Proverbs on Justice, Integrity, and Righteous Living 11:1-31 Wise Conduct, Diligence, and Righteous Speech 12:1-28 Discipline, Wealth, and the Wise Child 13:1-25 Sayings on Wisdom, Folly, and the Fear of the Lord 14:1-35 The Power of Speech and the Benefits of Wisdom 15:1-33 God's Sovereignty Over Human Plans 16:1-33 Relations and Righteousness: Peace, Speech, and Integrity 17:1-28 The Power of Words and the Nature of Companionship 18:1-24 Advice on Wealth, Conduct, and Discipline 19:1-29 Counsel, Justice, and Warnings Against Excess 20:1-30 Divine Sovereignty, Justice, and the King's Role 21:1-31 Reputation, Generosity, and Child Discipline 22:1-16 Sayings of the Wise: Practical Moral Instruction 22:17-24:34 Solomon's Proverbs on Restraint and Leadership 25:1-28 Folly and Foolish Behavior in Speech and Deeds 26:1-28 Friendship, Counsel, and Practical Wisdom for Life 27:1-27 Justice, Righteousness, and the Results of Rebellion 28:1-28 Discipline, Leadership, and Social Order 29:1-27 The Sayings of Agur: Humility and Observations 30:1-33 Advice to King Lemuel and the Virtuous Woman 31:1-31

Isaiah

Judah's Rebellion and Call to Repentance 1:1-31 The Mountain of the Lord and the Nations' Hope 2:1-6 Judgment on Arrogance and Idolatry 2:7-22 Judgment on Jerusalem's Leaders and Social Order 3:1-4:1 The Branch and the Renewal of Zion 4:2-6 The Song of the Vineyard: Israel's Failure 5:1-7 Woes to Israel and Coming Judgment 5:8-30 Isaiah's Vision and Commission 6:1-13 Ahaz, the Immanuel Sign, and Invasion 7:1-25 The Sign of Plunder and a Call to Courage 8:1-10 Trust the Lord, Not Alliances or Diviners 8:11-22 A Child Is Born: Promise of Peace 9:1-7 Israel's Arrogance and Coming Punishment 9:8-10:4 Assyria: Instrument of Judgment and Its Doom 10:5-19 The Remnant and the Fall of Assyria 10:20-34 The Righteous Branch and the Peaceable Kingdom 11:1-16 A Song of Praise for God's Salvation 12:1-6 Babylon's Doom and the Day of the Lord 13:1-14:23 God's Decree: Assyria Overthrown 14:24-27 Oracle Concerning Philistia and Promise to Zion 14:28-32 Lament for Moab 15:1-16:14 Judgment on Damascus and Northern Israel 17:1-14 A Message to Cush (Ethiopia) 18:1-7 Judgment on Egypt and Future Salvation 19:1-25 Isaiah's Sign against Egypt and Cush 20:1-6 Prophecy of Babylon's Fall (The Watchman's Report) 21:1-10 Oracle concerning Dumah: The Night Watchman's Lament 21:11-12 Oracle Against Arabia (Dedan and Kedar) 21:13-17 The Valley of Vision: Jerusalem's Fall and Leadership Change 22:1-25 Tyre's Fall and Future Restoration 23:1-18 The Lord's Universal Judgment and Final Reign 24:1-23 Praise for God's Triumph and Deliverance 25:1-12 Trust in God and Hope for Deliverance 26:1-21 The Slaying of Leviathan and Israel's Restoration 27:1-13 Woe to Ephraim and Judah: Drunkenness and Judgment 28:1-29 Woe to Ariel (Jerusalem) and Promise of Enlightenment 29:1-24 Rebuke for Seeking Egypt's Help; Call to Trust the Lord 30:1-33 Egypt Is No Help; The Lord Will Save Jerusalem 31:1-9 A Righteous King and Just Leadership 32:1-8 Call to Repentance and Promise of Renewal 32:9-20 A Plea for Deliverance and the Lord's Judgment 33:1-24 The Lord's Vengeance on the Nations (Edom) 34:1-17 The Glorious Restoration of the Redeemed 35:1-10 Sennacherib's Siege and Rabshakeh's Taunt 36:1-22 Hezekiah Seeks Isaiah; Rabshakeh's Threat 37:1-13 Hezekiah's Prayer and Isaiah's Assurance 37:14-20 God Delivers Jerusalem and Sennacherib's Defeat 37:21-38 Hezekiah's Illness, Prayer, and Recovery 38:1-22 Babylonian Envoys and the Announcement of Exile 39:1-8 Comfort for Zion and the Majesty of God 40:1-31 God Defends Israel Against the Nations and Idols 41:1-29 The Servant of the Lord: Covenant and Mission 42:1-9 A Call to Praise and God's Guidance for the Blind 42:10-17 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Resulting Judgment 42:18-25 Israel Redeemed: God's Sovereign Deliverer 43:1-13 The Lord Proclaims Redemption and Rebukes Israel 43:14-28 Israel Chosen and Blessed by the Spirit 44:1-5 The Folly of Idols and God's Uniqueness 44:6-23 God the Creator and the Call of Cyrus for Israel's Restoration 44:24-45:25 The God Who Carries and Redeems: Yahweh's Sovereignty over Idols 46:1-13 The Humbling of Babylon the Mistress 47:1-15 Israel's Stubbornness and God's Resolute Purpose 48:1-11 God's Sovereign 'I Am' and Call to Return 48:12-22 The Servant's Commission to Restore Israel and the Nations 49:1-8 Restoration and Promise to Gather Israel 49:9-26 The Servant's Suffering and Israel's Rejection 50:1-11 Comfort for Zion: Remember Abraham; God's Salvation 51:1-16 Awakening of Zion and Proclamation of Salvation 51:17-52:12 The Suffering Servant and Atonement 52:13-53:12 The Exalted Zion: Promise of Restoration and Protection 54:1-17 Invitation to Life and the Power of God's Word 55:1-13 Justice, Inclusion, and Sabbath Observance 56:1-8 Condemnation of Idolatry and Complacency 56:9-57:13 Restoration for the Humble and Promise of Peace 57:14-21 True Fasting: Justice, Mercy, and Sabbath Blessing 58:1-14 Sin's Consequences and God's Redeeming Intervention 59:1-21 The Glory and Gathering of Zion 60:1-22 The Year of the Lord's Favor and Joyful Restoration 61:1-11 Zion's Vindication and New Name 62:1-12 The Lord's Vengeance: Treading the Winepress 63:1-6 Remembering God's Mercy and Plea for Restoration 63:7-64:12 God's Grace to the Faithful and Judgment on the Rebellious 65:1-16 A New Creation: Joy and Peace 65:17-25 The Lord's Final Judgment and the New Creation 66:1-24

Jeremiah

The Call and Commission of Jeremiah 1:1-19 Israel's Unfaithfulness and Call to Repentance 2:1-3:5 Judah's Spiritual Adultery and Call to Return 3:6-4:4 The Coming Calamity on the Land 4:5-31 An Accusation against Jerusalem's Corruption 5:1-31 The Siege and Devastation of Jerusalem 6:1-30 The Temple Sermon: False Security Condemned 7:1-29 Violence and Corruption in the Land 7:30-8:3 Persistent Idolatry and Coming Punishment 8:4-9:26 The Folly of Idols 10:1-16 Judah's Flight and Jeremiah's Lament 10:17-22 A Prayer for Direction and Deliverance 10:23-25 The Broken Covenant and a Public Warning 11:1-17 Conspiracy against Jeremiah and God's Vindication 11:18-23 Jeremiah's Complaint to God 12:1-4 A Call to Endure and Judgment on Nations 12:5-17 The Linen Belt: Symbol of Judah's Humiliation 13:1-11 A Sign of Shame and Pronounced Judgment 13:12-14 A Lament of Shame and Imminent Disaster 13:15-27 Famine, False Prophets, and Divine Judgment 14:1-15:21 Symbolic Acts and the People's Sinfulness 16:1-17:18 Warning about Sabbath Violations 17:19-27 The Potter and the Broken Jar: Judgment on Jerusalem 18:1-19:15 Persecution by Pashhur the Priest 20:1-6 Jeremiah's Lament and Resolve 20:7-18 A Message to the Royal House: Doom for Jerusalem 21:1-14 Judgment on the Kings and Royal House 22:1-30 False Shepherds Condemned and a Righteous Branch Promised 23:1-8 Condemnation of False Prophets 23:9-32 The Lord Rebukes False Oracles 23:33-40 The Two Figs: Exile and Remnant 24:1-10 Seventy Years of Babylonian Dominion 25:1-14 The Cup of God's Wrath on the Nations 25:15-38 Jeremiah's Temple Address, Arrest, and Vindication 26:1-24 The Yoke of Babylon and Call to Submit 27:1-22 Hananiah's False Prophecy and Its Rebuke 28:1-17 Letter to the Exiles: Seek the Welfare of Babylon 29:1-23 Shemaiah's Letter and Its Condemnation 29:24-32 The Book of Comfort: Restoration and the New Covenant 30:1-31:40 Jeremiah Buys a Field: Faith and Hope in Captivity 32:1-44 Promise of Restoration and the Davidic Covenant 33:1-26 Zedekiah's Appeal and Jeremiah's Warning 34:1-7 Breach of Covenant and Punishment for Oppression 34:8-22 The Rechabites' Fidelity as a Rebuke to Judah 35:1-19 Baruch Writes Jeremiah's Words and the Scroll Is Burned 36:1-32 Jeremiah Imprisoned during the Siege of Jerusalem 37:1-21 Jeremiah Cast into a Cistern 38:1-13 Ebed‑Melech Rescues Jeremiah; Zedekiah's Failure 38:14-28 The Fall of Jerusalem and Jeremiah's Release 39:1-18 Gedaliah Appointed Governor and Jeremiah's Choice 40:1-6 Assassination of Gedaliah and the Terror in Judah 40:7-41:15 Rejection of Jeremiah's Counsel and Flight to Egypt 41:16-43:13 The Jews in Egypt: Idolatry and Condemnation 44:1-30 A Word to Baruch: Encouragement and Warning 45:1-5 Oracles against Egypt 46:1-28 Judgment on the Philistines 47:1-7 Judgment on Moab 48:1-47 Judgment on Ammon 49:1-6 Judgment on Edom 49:7-22 Judgment on Damascus and Aram 49:23-27 Destruction of Kedar and the Nomads 49:28-33 Judgment on Elam and Future Restoration 49:34-39 Judgment on Babylon and Its Final Fall 50:1-51:64 The Fall of Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Fate 52:1-30 Jehoiachin's Release from Babylonian Captivity 52:31-34

Ezekiel

The Vision of God's Glory and the Living Creatures 1:1-28 Ezekiel's Commission and the Eating of the Scroll 2:1-3:15 Ezekiel Appointed as Watchman and Made Speechless 3:16-27 Symbolic Acts of Siege and Judgment on Jerusalem 4:1-5:17 Judgment on Israel for Idolatry 6:1-14 The Day of the Lord: Impending Disaster 7:1-27 Visions of Temple Abominations 8:1-18 The Execution of Jerusalem's Wicked and the Marked Few 9:1-11 The Departure of God's Glory from the Temple 10:1-22 Condemnation of Jerusalem's Leaders 11:1-15 The Departure of God's Glory and Promise of Restoration 11:16-25 Signs of Exile and the Futility of False Hopes 12:1-28 Condemnation of False Prophets and Diviners 13:1-23 Elders' Idolatry and Its Consequences 14:1-11 Judgment on Nations and the Limits of Intercession 14:12-23 Jerusalem Portrayed as a Useless Vine 15:1-8 Jerusalem's Infidelity: Shame, Judgment, and Vindication 16:1-63 The Parable of the Two Eagles: Zedekiah's Folly 17:1-24 Individual Responsibility and the Call to Repentance 18:1-32 A Lament for Israel's Princes 19:1-14 Israel's History of Rebellion and Divine Judgment 20:1-29 Punishment for Profane Worship and Promise of Restoration 20:30-44 A Prophecy Against the Mountains of Israel 20:45-49 The Sword of the Lord: Judgment on Jerusalem and the Nations 21:1-32 Jerusalem's Corruption and the Search for a Righteous Remnant 22:1-31 The Sisters' Harlotry: Samaria and Jerusalem Condemned 23:1-49 The Boiling Pot: Prophecy of Jerusalem's Siege 24:1-14 The Sign of Ezekiel's Wife's Death: Judgment and Changed Lament 24:15-27 Oracle Against Ammon 25:1-7 Oracles Against Moab and Seir 25:8-11 Judgment on the Philistines 25:12-14 Oracle Against Tyre 25:15-17 The Fall of Tyre Foretold 26:1-21 Lamentation for Tyre, the Merchant City 27:1-36 The Pride and Fall of Tyre's Ruler 28:1-19 Judgment on Sidon and Promise of Israel's Security 28:20-26 Egypt's Humiliation and Years of Desolation 29:1-21 The Day of the Lord Against Egypt and Its Allies 30:1-26 Egypt Compared to the Fallen Cedar: Pride and Doom 31:1-18 Lament for Egypt's Collapse and Descent into Sheol 32:1-32 The Watchman's Duty and Personal Responsibility 33:1-20 Report of Jerusalem's Fall and the People's Alarm 33:21-33 Condemnation of Bad Shepherds and Promise of a Good Shepherd 34:1-31 Judgment on Edom for Rejoicing over Israel 35:1-15 Promise of Israel's Restoration and Spiritual Renewal 36:1-38 The Valley of Dry Bones: National Revival 37:1-14 The Two Sticks: Unity of Israel and the Davidic Covenant 37:15-28 The Invasion of Gog and Its Defeat 38:1-39:29 Vision of the Future Temple: Introduction and Commission 40:1-4 Measurements of the Outer Court and Gateways 40:5-16 Courtyard Entrances and Portico Dimensions 40:17-19 Inner Court Entrances and Chambers 40:20-23 Vestibules and Side Entrance Specifications 40:24-27 Details of Inner Chambers and Gate Structure 40:28-37 Porches, Chambers, and Steps of the Temple Court 40:38-43 Priests' Chambers and the Prince's Quarters 40:44-47 The Inner Sanctuary and Holy Place Measurements 40:48-41:26 Priestly Chambers and the Inner Court Layout 42:1-20 The Return of God's Glory to the Temple 43:1-12 Altar Design and Sacrificial Regulations 43:13-27 Temple Gates, Priestly Roles, and Exclusions 44:1-31 Land Allotments and the Prince's Portion 45:1-12 Worship Regulations: Offerings, Festivals, and the Prince 45:13-46:24 The Life-Giving River Flowing from the Temple 47:1-12 Division of the Land and Inheritance Boundaries 47:13-23 Tribal Allotments in the Restored Land 48:1-29 The City Gates and the Name: 'The Lord Is There' 48:30-35

Matthew

The Genealogy of Jesus 1:1-17 The Birth of Jesus Foretold to Joseph 1:18-25 The Visit of the Magi 2:1-12 Flight into Egypt and the Slaughter of the Innocents 2:13-18 Return to Nazareth 2:19-23 John the Baptist Prepares the Way 3:1-12 The Baptism of Jesus 3:13-17 The Temptation of Jesus 4:1-11 Jesus Begins His Galilean Ministry 4:12-17 Jesus Calls the First Disciples 4:18-22 Jesus Ministers Throughout Galilee 4:23-25 The Beatitudes 5:1-12 Salt and Light 5:13-16 Jesus and the Law 5:17-20 Teaching on Anger and Reconciliation 5:21-26 Teaching on Adultery and Lust 5:27-30 Teaching on Divorce 5:31-32 Teaching on Oaths and Honesty 5:33-37 Teaching on Retaliation and Generosity 5:38-42 Love Your Enemies 5:43-48 Giving to the Needy in Secret 6:1-4 Prayer and the Lord's Prayer 6:5-15 Teaching on Fasting 6:16-18 Treasures and Serving God 6:19-24 Do Not Worry 6:25-34 Do Not Judge 7:1-6 Ask, Seek, Knock and the Golden Rule 7:7-12 The Narrow and Wide Gates 7:13-14 Recognizing False Prophets 7:15-23 Parable of the Wise and Foolish Builders 7:24-29 Jesus Cleanses a Leper 8:1-4 The Faith of the Centurion 8:5-13 Jesus Heals Many and Fulfills Prophecy 8:14-17 The Cost of Discipleship 8:18-22 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:23-27 Healing of Two Demon-Possessed Men 8:28-34 Jesus Heals a Paralytic 9:1-8 Jesus Calls Matthew and Eats with Sinners 9:9-13 Fasting and the New Cloth and Wineskins 9:14-17 A Daughter Restored and a Woman Healed 9:18-26 Two Blind Men Healed and a Mute Man Restored 9:27-34 Jesus' Compassion and the Call for Workers 9:35-38 The Mission of the Twelve 10:1-42 John's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony about John 11:1-19 Woe to Unrepentant Cities 11:20-24 The Father's Revelation and Rest for the Weary 11:25-30 Sabbath Controversies: Grain and Healing 12:1-14 Jesus Heals and Fulfills Isaiah's Prophecy 12:15-21 Accusation, Blasphemy Against the Spirit, and the Heart's Fruit 12:22-37 The Sign of Jonah and the Unclean Spirit 12:38-45 Jesus Redefines Family 12:46-50 The Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 13:1-23 The Parable of the Weeds 13:24-30 The Mustard Seed and the Yeast 13:31-35 Explanation of the Weeds and End-Time Judgment 13:36-43 Treasure and Pearl: The Kingdom's Value 13:44-46 The Net and New and Old Treasures 13:47-52 Jesus Rejected at Nazareth 13:53-58 The Execution of John the Baptist 14:1-12 Feeding the Five Thousand 14:13-21 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals Many 14:22-36 Tradition, Purity, and the Canaanite Woman's Faith 15:1-28 Jesus Heals Many and Feeds the Four Thousand 15:29-39 Pharisees Demand a Sign 16:1-4 Warning About the Teaching of the Pharisees and Sadducees 16:5-12 Peter's Confession: You Are the Christ 16:13-20 Jesus Foretells His Death and Discipleship 16:21-28 The Transfiguration 17:1-13 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy and a Second Prediction of Death 17:14-23 Payment of the Temple Tax 17:24-27 Humility and Care for Little Ones 18:1-9 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 18:10-14 Church Discipline and Prayer 18:15-20 Forgiveness and the Unforgiving Servant 18:21-35 Marriage, Divorce, and Children 19:1-15 The Rich Young Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 19:16-30 The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard 20:1-16 Jesus Predicts His Death and Resurrection 20:17-19 Request for Honor and Teaching on Servanthood 20:20-28 Two Blind Men Healed Near Jericho 20:29-34 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 21:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Heals 21:12-17 The Withered Fig Tree and Teaching on Faith 21:18-22 Jesus' Authority Challenged 21:23-27 The Parable of the Two Sons 21:28-32 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 21:33-46 The Parable of the Wedding Banquet 22:1-14 Question about Paying Taxes to Caesar 22:15-22 The Sadducees and the Resurrection 22:23-33 The Greatest Commandment 22:34-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees about the Messiah 22:41-46 Seven Woes on the Scribes and Pharisees 23:1-39 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of the End and the Temple's Destruction 24:1-35 The Olivet Discourse: Watchfulness and Judgment 24:36-51 The Parable of the Ten Virgins 25:1-13 The Parable of the Talents 25:14-30 The Final Judgment: Sheep and Goats 25:31-46 The Plot to Arrest Jesus 26:1-5 The Anointing at Bethany 26:6-13 Judas Agrees to Betray Jesus 26:14-16 The Last Supper 26:17-30 Jesus Predicts Peter's Denial 26:31-35 Prayer in Gethsemane 26:36-46 The Arrest of Jesus 26:47-56 Jesus Before the Sanhedrin 26:57-68 Peter's Denial and Repentance 26:69-75 Judas' Remorse and Suicide 27:1-10 Jesus Sentenced by Pilate 27:11-26 Jesus Mocked and Scourged 27:27-31 The Crucifixion and Mockery 27:32-44 The Death of Jesus 27:45-56 Jesus Is Buried 27:57-61 The Tomb Secured by the Authorities 27:62-66 The Resurrection: Women at the Tomb 28:1-10 The Guards' Report and the Chief Priests' Lie 28:11-15 The Great Commission 28:16-20

Mark

John the Baptist Prepares the Way 1:1-8 The Baptism and Temptation of Jesus 1:9-13 Jesus Begins His Ministry and Calls the First Disciples 1:14-20 Jesus Teaches with Authority and Casts Out an Unclean Spirit 1:21-28 Healings and Demons Cleansed at Simon's Home 1:29-34 Jesus Prays and Proclaims the Kingdom in Galilee 1:35-39 Healing of a Man with Leprosy 1:40-45 Forgiveness and Healing of a Paralytic 2:1-12 Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 2:13-17 Questions about Fasting; New Cloth and Wineskins 2:18-22 Sabbath Controversies: Grain, Healing, and Plot Against Jesus 2:23-3:6 Great Crowds Follow; Unclean Spirits Acknowledge Jesus 3:7-12 Jesus Appoints the Twelve Apostles 3:13-19 Accusations of Beelzebul and the Parable of the Strong Man 3:20-30 Jesus Redefines True Family 3:31-35 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 4:1-20 A Lamp, Measure, and the Principle of Growth 4:21-25 Parable of the Growing Seed 4:26-29 The Mustard Seed and the Kingdom's Growth 4:30-34 Jesus Calms the Storm 4:35-41 The Gerasene Demoniac Restored 5:1-20 A Woman Healed and Jairus' Daughter Raised 5:21-43 Jesus Rejected in His Hometown 6:1-6 Jesus Sends Out the Twelve 6:7-13 Herod, Herodias, and the Death of John the Baptist 6:14-29 Feeding of the Five Thousand 6:30-44 Jesus Walks on Water and Heals at Gennesaret 6:45-56 Tradition, Inner Purity, and What Truly Defiles 7:1-23 A Gentile Woman's Faith and the Healing at Tyre 7:24-30 Jesus Heals a Deaf Man Who Could Not Speak Clearly 7:31-37 Feeding the Four Thousand and the Pharisees' Demand for a Sign 8:1-13 Beware the Yeast of the Pharisees and Herod 8:14-21 Healing of a Blind Man at Bethsaida 8:22-26 Peter Confesses Jesus as the Christ 8:27-30 Jesus Predicts His Death and Calls Disciples to Take Up the Cross 8:31-9:1 The Transfiguration and the Return of Elijah 9:2-13 Healing of a Boy with an Unclean Spirit; Jesus Predicts His Passion Again 9:14-32 Who Is the Greatest? A Child as the Model of Service 9:33-37 Tolerance for Those Who Serve in Jesus' Name 9:38-41 Warnings about Causing Sin; Exhortations on Salt and Holiness 9:42-50 Jesus' Teaching on Divorce 10:1-12 Jesus Blesses Little Children 10:13-16 The Rich Young Man and the Cost of Discipleship 10:17-31 Jesus Again Predicts His Suffering, Death, and Resurrection 10:32-34 Ambition and Servanthood: The Way of True Greatness 10:35-45 Jesus Heals Blind Bartimaeus 10:46-52 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 11:1-11 Withered Fig Tree and the Cleansing of the Temple 11:12-19 Faith, Prayer, and the Call to Forgiveness 11:20-26 Religious Leaders Question Jesus' Authority 11:27-33 The Parable of the Wicked Tenants 12:1-12 Render to Caesar: Taxes and Allegiance 12:13-17 Sadducees Challenge Resurrection; Jesus Teaches Eternal Life 12:18-27 The Greatest Commandment: Love God and Neighbor 12:28-34 Jesus Questions the Messiah and Warns Against Scribes 12:35-40 The Widow's Offering: True Generosity 12:41-44 The Olivet Discourse: Signs of Destruction and the End 13:1-31 No One Knows the Day: Be Watchful 13:32-37 Plot to Kill Jesus and the Anointing at Bethany 14:1-11 The Passover Meal and Institution of the Lord's Supper 14:12-26 Jesus Predicts the Disciples' Flight and Peter's Denial 14:27-31 Gethsemane: Jesus' Agony and Prayer 14:32-42 The Arrest of Jesus in Gethsemane 14:43-52 Jesus Before the Council 14:53-65 Peter's Denial and His Remorse 14:66-72 Jesus Before Pilate; Barabbas Released 15:1-15 The Soldiers Mock and Scourge Jesus 15:16-20 The Way of the Cross and the Crucifixion 15:21-32 Jesus' Death and the Centurion's Confession 15:33-41 The Burial of Jesus 15:42-47 The Resurrection: Women Find the Empty Tomb 16:1-8 Appearances of the Risen Lord and the Commission 16:9-20

Luke

Purpose and Order of the Gospel 1:1-4 Announcement of John the Baptist's Birth 1:5-25 The Annunciation to Mary 1:26-38 Mary Visits Elizabeth 1:39-45 Mary's Song (The Magnificat) 1:46-56 The Birth and Naming of John 1:57-66 Zechariah's Prophecy and John's Mission 1:67-80 The Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem 2:1-7 Angels Announce the Shepherds' Good News 2:8-20 Presentation in the Temple; Simeon and Anna 2:21-40 The Boy Jesus in the Temple 2:41-52 John the Baptist's Call to Repentance 3:1-20 The Baptism and Genealogy of Jesus 3:21-38 Jesus Tested in the Wilderness 4:1-13 Rejection at Nazareth 4:14-30 Authority over Unclean Spirits in Capernaum 4:31-37 Healings and Preaching in Galilee 4:38-44 The Call of the First Disciples 5:1-11 Healing a Man with Leprosy 5:12-16 A Paralytic Forgiven and Healed 5:17-26 The Calling of Levi and Eating with Sinners 5:27-32 Questions about Fasting; New Wine and Old Wineskins 5:33-39 Lord of the Sabbath and a Sabbath Healing 6:1-11 The Appointment of the Twelve Apostles 6:12-16 The Sermon on the Plain: Blessings and Woes 6:17-26 Love Your Enemies and Be Merciful 6:27-36 Judging Others and the Speck and Log 6:37-42 A Tree and Its Fruit: True Character Revealed 6:43-45 The Wise and Foolish Builders 6:46-49 The Faith of the Centurion 7:1-10 Raising the Widow's Son at Nain 7:11-17 John the Baptist's Inquiry and Jesus' Testimony 7:18-35 A Sinful Woman Forgiven 7:36-50 Parable of the Sower and Its Interpretation 8:1-15 Lighted Lamp and Hearing the Word 8:16-18 Jesus Redefines His Family 8:19-21 Jesus Calms the Storm 8:22-25 Healing the Gerasene Demoniac 8:26-39 Jairus' Daughter Raised and a Woman Healed 8:40-56 The Twelve Sent Out 9:1-9 Feeding the Five Thousand 9:10-17 Peter's Confession and the Way of the Cross 9:18-27 The Transfiguration 9:28-36 Healing a Demon-Possessed Boy; A Second Passion Prediction 9:37-45 Who Is Greatest and a Servant's Ministry 9:46-50 Jesus Resolves for Jerusalem; Samaritan Rejection 9:51-56 The Cost of Discipleship 9:57-62 The Seventy Sent Out and Their Return 10:1-24 The Good Samaritan 10:25-37 Mary and Martha: Choosing the Better Part 10:38-42 The Lord's Prayer and Persistent Prayer 11:1-13 Jesus, Beelzebul, and True Blessedness 11:14-28 Demand for a Sign; Jonah and the Queen of the South 11:29-32 The Light of the Body and Inner Purity 11:33-36 Woes to the Pharisees and Lawyers 11:37-54 Warnings against Hypocrisy and Confession before Men 12:1-12 The Parable of the Rich Fool 12:13-21 Do Not Worry; Seek God's Kingdom 12:22-34 Watchfulness and Faithful Stewardship 12:35-48 Division Caused by Christ 12:49-53 Interpreting the Times and Settling with Adversaries 12:54-59 Call to Repentance and the Barren Fig Tree 13:1-9 Healing on the Sabbath and Jesus' Rebuke 13:10-17 Parables of the Mustard Seed and Yeast 13:18-21 The Narrow Door and the Cost of Entry 13:22-30 Jesus Laments over Jerusalem 13:31-35 Healing at a Pharisee's House and Humility at the Table 14:1-14 Parable of the Great Banquet 14:15-24 The Cost of Following Jesus; Salt and Saltiness 14:25-35 The Parable of the Lost Sheep 15:1-7 The Parable of the Lost Coin 15:8-10 The Parable of the Prodigal Son 15:11-32 The Shrewd Manager and Teaching on Wealth 16:1-15 Law, the Kingdom, and Divorce 16:16-18 The Rich Man and Lazarus 16:19-31 Teachings on Temptation, Forgiveness, and Duty 17:1-10 Healing of the Ten Lepers 17:11-19 The Coming of the Kingdom and End-Time Sayings 17:20-37 Parable of the Persistent Widow 18:1-8 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax Collector 18:9-14 Jesus Blesses Little Children 18:15-17 The Rich Ruler and the Cost of Discipleship 18:18-30 Jesus Predicts His Death Again 18:31-34 Healing of Blind Bartimaeus 18:35-43 Zacchaeus: Salvation Comes to His House 19:1-10 Parable of the Ten Minas 19:11-27 Triumphal Entry and Lament over Jerusalem 19:28-44 Cleansing the Temple and Teaching 19:45-48 Jesus' Authority Challenged 20:1-8 Parable of the Wicked Tenants 20:9-19 Paying Taxes to Caesar 20:20-26 Question about the Resurrection 20:27-40 Jesus Questions the Pharisees; Warnings against Hypocrisy 20:41-47 The Widow's Offering 21:1-4 The Destruction of the Temple and Signs of the End 21:5-38 The Plot to Kill Jesus and Judas' Agreement 22:1-6 The Last Supper and Predictions of Denial 22:7-38 Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane 22:39-46 Jesus Arrested 22:47-53 Peter's Denial Fulfilled 22:54-62 Jesus Mocked and Beaten 22:63-65 Jesus before the Council and Pilate; Sentencing 22:66-23:25 The Way of the Cross and the Penitent Thief 23:26-43 The Death of Jesus and the Centurion's Confession 23:44-49 The Burial of Jesus 23:50-56 The Empty Tomb and the Women's Report 24:1-12 The Road to Emmaus and Recognition of the Risen Lord 24:13-35 Jesus Appears to the Disciples and Explains Scripture 24:36-49 The Ascension and the Disciples' Worship 24:50-53

John

The Word Became Flesh 1:1-18 John the Baptist's Witness 1:19-28 Behold the Lamb of God 1:29-34 The First Disciples and Simon Peter 1:35-42 Calling of Philip and Nathanael 1:43-51 The Wedding at Cana: Water Made Wine 2:1-11 Jesus Cleanses the Temple and Speaks of His Body 2:12-25 Nicodemus and the New Birth 3:1-21 John the Baptist Exalts Jesus 3:22-36 Jesus and the Samaritan Woman at the Well 4:1-26 The Harvest Is Ready 4:27-38 Samaritans Believe in Jesus 4:39-42 Healing of the Royal Official's Son 4:43-54 Jesus Heals at Bethesda 5:1-15 Jesus Claims Authority Over Life and Judgment 5:16-30 Witnesses to Jesus and Israel's Unbelief 5:31-47 Feeding the Five Thousand 6:1-15 Jesus Walks on the Sea 6:16-24 Jesus the Bread of Life 6:25-59 Many Turn Away; Peter's Confession 6:60-71 Jesus Stays Away from Judea 7:1-13 Jesus Teaches at the Festival 7:14-24 Growing Division Over Jesus 7:25-44 Temple Officers and the Adulterous Woman 7:45-8:11 Jesus the Light and His Claim 8:12-30 True Discipleship and Freedom 8:31-41 Jesus' Divine Origin and Opposition 8:42-47 Jesus' 'I Am' and Preexistence 8:48-59 Healing of a Man Born Blind 9:1-12 Controversy with the Pharisees over the Healing 9:13-34 Spiritual Sight and Blindness 9:35-41 The Good Shepherd and His Sheep 10:1-21 Feast of Dedication and Controversy over Jesus 10:22-42 Lazarus' Sickness and Jesus' Intention 11:1-16 Jesus Weeps at Lazarus' Tomb 11:17-37 Jesus Raises Lazarus from the Dead 11:38-44 Plot to Kill Jesus and Caiaphas' Counsel 11:45-57 Mary Anoints Jesus; Plot to Kill Lazarus 12:1-11 The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem 12:12-19 Greeks Seek Jesus; He Predicts His Death 12:20-36 Unbelief and Jesus' Final Appeal 12:37-50 Jesus Washes the Disciples' Feet 13:1-17 The Prediction of Judas' Betrayal 13:18-30 The New Commandment and Peter's Denial 13:31-38 Jesus Promises a Place in the Father's House 14:1-4 Jesus the Way to the Father 14:5-14 Promise of the Holy Spirit and Peace 14:15-31 The Vine and the Command to Love 15:1-17 The World's Hatred and the Cost of Discipleship 15:18-16:4 The Holy Spirit's Work 16:5-16 Sorrow Turned to Joy; Peace in Christ 16:17-33 The Son's Prayer for Glory 17:1-5 Prayer for the Disciples' Protection and Sanctification 17:6-19 Prayer for Unity Among Believers 17:20-26 Jesus Arrested in Gethsemane 18:1-11 Jesus Brought to Annas 18:12-14 Peter's First Denial 18:15-18 Jesus Questioned and Struck Before the High Priest 18:19-24 Peter Denies Jesus Three Times 18:25-27 Jesus Before Pilate 18:28-40 Jesus Scourged, Mocked, and Sentenced to Crucifixion 19:1-16 The Crucifixion and Jesus' Care for His Mother 19:17-27 Jesus' Death and the Fulfillment of Scripture 19:28-37 Jesus' Burial 19:38-42 The Empty Tomb Discovered 20:1-9 Mary Magdalene Meets the Risen Lord 20:10-18 Jesus Appears to His Disciples and Breathes the Spirit 20:19-23 Thomas Believes; Purpose of John's Gospel 20:24-31 The Miraculous Catch and Breakfast by the Sea 21:1-14 Peter Reinstated and the Beloved Disciple 21:15-25

Acts

The Ascension of Jesus 1:1-11 Prayer in the Upper Room and the Choosing of Matthias 1:12-26 Pentecost: The Coming of the Spirit 2:1-13 Peter's Sermon and Three Thousand Converted 2:14-41 The Early Christian Community 2:42-47 Healing at the Beautiful Gate 3:1-10 Peter's Address at Solomon's Colonnade 3:11-26 The Apostles Before the Sanhedrin 4:1-22 Believers Pray for Boldness 4:23-31 The Believers Share Possessions 4:32-37 Ananias and Sapphira 5:1-11 Signs Performed by the Apostles 5:12-16 Persecution of the Apostles and Their Witness 5:17-42 The Appointment of the Seven Deacons 6:1-7 Stephen's Wisdom and Opposition 6:8-15 Stephen's Speech before the Sanhedrin 7:1-53 The Stoning of Stephen and the Persecution of the Church 7:54-8:1 Saul's Persecution Scatters the Church 8:2-3 Philip Proclaims Christ in Samaria 8:4-8 Simon Magus and Peter's Rebuke 8:9-25 Philip and the Ethiopian Eunuch 8:26-40 The Conversion of Saul 9:1-19 Saul's Early Ministry and Acceptance by the Church 9:20-31 Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha 9:32-43 Cornelius' Vision and the Call for Peter 10:1-8 Peter's Vision and the Messengers from Cornelius 10:9-23 Peter at Cornelius' House: Gentiles Receive the Spirit 10:24-48 Peter Defends the Conversion of Gentiles 11:1-18 The Church in Antioch and Famine Relief 11:19-30 Herod Executes James; Peter Miraculously Freed 12:1-19 Herod's Death and the Church's Continued Growth 12:20-25 The First Missionary Sending 13:1-3 Ministry in Cyprus and Elymas's Blinding 13:4-12 Paul's Mission in Pisidian Antioch 13:13-52 Paul and Barnabas in Iconium 14:1-7 Healing in Lystra and Paul's Stoning 14:8-20 Paul and Barnabas Strengthen the Churches 14:21-28 The Jerusalem Council on Gentile Circumcision 15:1-21 The Council's Letter and Peace with Antioch 15:22-35 Paul and Barnabas Separate 15:36-41 Timothy Joins Paul and Churches Are Strengthened 16:1-5 The Call to Macedonia 16:6-10 Lydia's Conversion at Philippi 16:11-15 Paul and Silas Imprisoned and Released in Philippi 16:16-40 Preaching in Thessalonica and Opposition 17:1-9 Berea's Noble Reception and Paul's Departure 17:10-15 Paul's Address at the Areopagus 17:16-34 Paul's Ministry in Corinth and Conflict 18:1-17 Paul Departs; Apollos Instructed by Priscilla and Aquila 18:18-28 Paul's Ministry and the Ephesian Disciples 19:1-22 The Ephesian Riot over Artemis 19:23-41 Paul's Journeys Through Macedonia and Greece 20:1-6 Eutychus Raised in Troas 20:7-12 Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders 20:13-38 Paul's Voyage to Jerusalem 21:1-16 Paul's Arrival in Jerusalem and the Temple Ritual 21:17-26 Paul Seized in the Temple 21:27-36 Paul's Defense: His Conversion and Mission 21:37-22:21 Paul's Arrest and the Council's Division 22:22-23:11 The Plot to Kill Paul and the Soldier's Intervention 23:12-22 Paul Escorted to Caesarea under Guard 23:23-35 Paul's Defense before Governor Felix 24:1-27 Paul Brought before Festus and the Jewish Charges 25:1-12 King Agrippa Learns of Paul's Case 25:13-22 Paul's Defense Before Agrippa 25:23-26:32 Paul's Voyage to Rome Begins 27:1-12 The Storm at Sea and God's Promise of Safety 27:13-26 Shipwreck and Deliverance on Malta 27:27-44 Paul on Malta: Healing and Hospitality 28:1-10 Voyage to Rome and Arrival 28:11-16 Paul in Rome: Preaching under House Arrest 28:17-31

Romans

Paul's Greeting and the Gospel's Power 1:1-17 God's Wrath Against Ungodliness 1:18-32 God's Impartial Judgment and Conscience 2:1-16 The Law, True Circumcision, and Jewish Identity 2:17-29 Israel's Advantage and God's Faithfulness 3:1-8 Universal Sinfulness and the Law's Condemnation 3:9-20 Righteousness Through Faith and Justification 3:21-31 Abraham: Justification by Faith 4:1-25 Peace with God and Reconciliation 5:1-11 Adam and Christ: Death, Grace, and Righteousness 5:12-21 Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ 6:1-14 Slavery to Sin or to Righteousness 6:15-23 Released from the Law to Serve in the Spirit 7:1-6 The Inner Conflict: Law, Sin, and the Flesh 7:7-25 Life in the Spirit: Freedom and Adoption 8:1-17 Future Glory and the Spirit's Intercession 8:18-27 Assurance of God's Love: Nothing Can Separate Us 8:28-39 Paul's Sorrow and God's Sovereign Election 9:1-29 Righteousness by Faith and Israel's Unbelief 9:30-10:21 A Remnant Preserved and Israel's Hardening 11:1-10 Gentiles Grafted In and a Warning Against Boasting 11:11-24 The Mystery of Israel's Salvation and God's Mercy 11:25-32 Doxology: Praise for God's Wisdom and Sovereignty 11:33-36 A Living Sacrifice and the Diversity of Gifts 12:1-8 Christian Conduct: Love, Humility, and Ethical Duties 12:9-21 Submission to Authorities and Civic Duty 13:1-7 Love Fulfills the Law; Walk in the Light 13:8-14 Christian Liberty, Conscience, and Mutual Acceptance 14:1-15:13 Paul's Service to the Gentiles and Missionary Ambition 15:14-22 Paul's Travel Plans and Prayer Requests 15:23-33 Personal Greetings, Final Warnings, and Doxology 16:1-27

Revelation

The Revelation Announced and the Blessing 1:1-3 Greeting and the Lord's Self‑Declaration 1:4-8 John's Vision of the Glorified Son of Man 1:9-20 Letter to Ephesus: Faithfulness and the Call to Repent 2:1-7 Letter to Smyrna: Persecution and the Crown of Life 2:8-11 Letter to Pergamum: Fidelity and False Teaching 2:12-17 Letter to Thyatira: Tolerance of Immorality and Promise to Overcomers 2:18-29 Letter to Sardis: Wakefulness and Repentance 3:1-6 Letter to Philadelphia: An Open Door and a Promise of Protection 3:7-13 Letter to Laodicea: Lukewarmness and the Call to Repent 3:14-22 The Throne in Heaven and Heavenly Worship 4:1-11 The Sealed Scroll and the Worthy Lamb 5:1-14 The Six Seals: Tribulation and Cosmic Disturbance 6:1-17 The Sealing of the 144,000 7:1-8 The Multitude Before the Throne: Salvation and Comfort 7:9-17 The Seventh Seal and the Prayers of the Saints 8:1-5 The Trumpet Judgments: Plagues and Woes 8:6-9:21 The Mighty Angel and the Little Scroll 10:1-11 The Two Witnesses: Prophecy, Death, and Resurrection 11:1-14 The Seventh Trumpet: God's Kingdom Proclaimed and the Temple Opened 11:15-19 The Cosmic Conflict: The Woman, the Dragon, and the Male Child 12:1-13:1 The Sea Beast: Blasphemy and Persecution 13:2-10 The Earth Beast and the Mark of the Beast 13:11-18 The Lamb on Mount Zion and the 144,000 14:1-5 The Three Angels' Messages and the Call to Endure 14:6-13 The Harvest of the Earth: Reaping God's Judgment 14:14-20 The Seven Last Plagues and the Victors' Song 15:1-8 The Bowl Judgments: The Seven Bowls of God's Wrath 16:1-21 The Fall of Babylon the Great and the Beast's Doom 17:1-18:24 Heavenly Praise and the Marriage of the Lamb 19:1-10 Christ's Triumphant Return and the Defeat of the Beast 19:11-21 Satan Bound and the Reign of the Saints 20:1-6 Satan's Final Rebellion and Defeat 20:7-10 The Great White Throne and the Final Judgment 20:11-15 The New Heaven and New Earth and the New Jerusalem 21:1-27 The River of Life and the Throne of God 22:1-6
1 Then Job answered and said:

Job.12.1 - Details

Translation

Then Job answered and said:

Original Text

ויען איוב ויאמר׃

Morphology

  • ויען: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • איוב: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • ויאמר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 6:1 (structural): Same dialogical formula introducing Job's immediate reply to his friends—'Then Job answered and said'—marking the start of a speech.
  • Job 19:1 (structural): Another occurrence of the formula where Job replies to his friends; structurally parallels 12:1 as the conventional speech-introduction in the cycles.
  • Job 21:1 (structural): Begins a sustained retort by Job with the same introductory pattern, showing the recurring rhetorical frame of Job's responses.
  • Job 29:1 (structural): Introduces Job's extended monologue about his former prosperity; parallels 12:1 as a transition into a long first‑person speech.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then Job answered and said:
  • Then Job answered and said:
2 Truly you are the people, and with you wisdom will die.

Job.12.2 - Details

Translation

Truly you are the people, and with you wisdom will die.

Original Text

אמנם כי אתם־ עם ועמכם תמות חכמה׃

Morphology

  • אמנם: PART
  • כי: CONJ
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • עם: PREP
  • ועמכם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,pl
  • תמות: VERB,qal,yiqtol,2,m,sg
  • חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 8:9 (verbal): Both condemn purported wisdom as bankrupt—Jeremiah asks 'what wisdom is in them?' echoing Job's ironic claim that 'wisdom shall die with you.'
  • Isaiah 29:14 (thematic): Isaiah speaks of God confounding the wisdom of the wise; thematically like Job's rebuke that supposed human wisdom is futile or dead.
  • Proverbs 1:7 (thematic): Proverbs contrasts true knowledge with the attitude of fools who reject wisdom; parallels Job's critique of his friends' lack of genuine wisdom.
  • Job 5:13 (structural): An internal parallel: Eliphaz (via the speaker) describes the overthrow or removal of the wise' understanding—echoing Job's claim that wisdom will fail among these people.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Truly you are the people, and with you wisdom will die.
  • Truly you are the people, and with you wisdom will perish.
3 For even my heart is like yours; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these?

Job.12.3 - Details

Translation

For even my heart is like yours; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these?

Original Text

גם־ לי לבב ׀ כמוכם לא־ נפל אנכי מכם ואת־ מי־ אין כמו־ אלה׃

Morphology

  • גם: ADV
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • לבב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כמוכם: PREP+PRON,2,pl
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נפל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • מכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • ואת: CONJ
  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • אין: PART,neg
  • כמו: PREP
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Job 12:2 (structural): Immediate context: Job answers his friends' assumed superiority — here they claim wisdom, and Job replies that he is not inferior to them.
  • Job 12:12 (thematic): Continues Job's reflection on human wisdom ('Is not wisdom found among the aged?'): both verses treat human knowledge and the right to speak against presumptive judges.
  • Job 13:4 (thematic): Job directly challenges his friends' pretensions to be wise and helpful ('You are worthless physicians'), echoing the confrontation in 12:3 where he denies being inferior to them.
  • Job 32:9 (verbal): Elihu asserts that position or age does not guarantee true understanding ('great men are not always wise'), paralleling Job's insistence that claimed superiority in wisdom is mistaken.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But my heart is like yours; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these?
  • I have understanding as well as you; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these?
4 I am a jest to my friends; I call to God, and he answers—yet the upright and blameless are mocked.

Job.12.4 - Details

Translation

I am a jest to my friends; I call to God, and he answers—yet the upright and blameless are mocked.

Original Text

שחק לרעהו ׀ אהיה קרא לאלוה ויענהו שחוק צדיק תמים׃

Morphology

  • שחק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לרעהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,poss3ms
  • אהיה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • קרא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לאלוה: PREP
  • ויענהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • שחוק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צדיק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תמים: ADJ,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 17:6 (verbal): Both verses depict the speaker as a byword/laughingstock among people (Job 12:4’s mockery corresponds to Job 17:6’s ‘made me a byword’).
  • Job 30:1 (thematic): Theme of being mocked and scorned by others — here younger men deride Job, paralleling 12:4’s complaint about being laughed at by companions.
  • Psalm 22:7-8 (thematic): Psalm 22 portrays the righteous mocked by onlookers (‘All who see me mock me… “He trusted in the LORD; let him deliver him”’), echoing Job’s experience of ridicule and the challenge to God’s response.
  • Proverbs 1:26 (verbal): Proverbs personified Wisdom says ‘I will laugh at your calamity; I will mock when terror comes,’ using the same vocabulary of laughter/mocking found in Job 12:4.
  • Psalm 109:25 (verbal): ‘When they see me they shake their heads’ mirrors the concrete imagery of scorn and derision present in Job 12:4 (object of ridicule before others).

Alternative generated candidates

  • I am a byword to my friends; I cry to God, and he answers me. The righteous mock me without shame.
  • I am a laughingstock to my friends; I who called to God and he answered me— the righteous and blameless are mocked.
5 A scornful taunt for the secure, a byword for those at ease in their feast.

Job.12.5 - Details

Translation

A scornful taunt for the secure, a byword for those at ease in their feast.

Original Text

לפיד בוז לעשתות שאנן נכון למועדי רגל׃

Morphology

  • לפיד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בוז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לעשתות: PREP+VERB,qal,inf
  • שאנן: ADJ,m,sg
  • נכון: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • למועדי: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,const
  • רגל: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Amos 6:1-7 (thematic): Condemns those 'at ease' in Zion who are complacent in prosperity — parallels the image of the secure/complacent who mock or disregard misfortune.
  • Proverbs 1:32 (verbal): Speaks of the 'complacency' (literally ease/security) that brings destruction — echoes the Hebrew notion of שָׁאנָן (being at ease) in Job 12:5.
  • Ezekiel 16:49 (thematic): Describes Sodom's guilt as arrogant abundance and careless ease — similar moral critique of those secure in prosperity and indifferent to others' plight.
  • Psalm 73:3-7 (thematic): The psalmist laments the prosperity and apparent security of the wicked and their ease while the righteous suffer — thematically akin to the contrast between the secure/complacent and the afflicted.
  • Luke 12:19-20 (thematic): Jesus' parable of the rich fool who trusts in his plenty and is called a fool — New Testament parallel warning against false security and complacency in prosperity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A torch of scorn is for those at ease; rejoicing is prepared for the complacent on a festival day.
  • Those at ease deride fear, and the secure laugh at calamity.
6 He gives confidence to the tents of plunderers and makes secure the possessions of those who provoke him, whom God hands over to their scheme.

Job.12.6 - Details

Translation

He gives confidence to the tents of plunderers and makes secure the possessions of those who provoke him, whom God hands over to their scheme.

Original Text

ישליו אהלים ׀ לשדדים ובטחות למרגיזי אל לאשר הביא אלוה בידו׃

Morphology

  • ישליו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אהלים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לשדדים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ובטחות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • למרגיזי: PREP+PARTCP,qal,ptc,m,pl
  • אל: NEG
  • לאשר: CONJ
  • הביא: VERB,hiphil,perf,3,m,sg
  • אלוה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 21:7-13 (thematic): Job elsewhere enlarges the same theme: an extended complaint that the wicked live in prosperity and security despite their deeds, echoing 12:6's observation of the prosperous tents of robbers.
  • Psalm 73:3-12 (thematic): Asaph's lament about envying the arrogant because the wicked prosper and are secure parallels Job 12:6's contrast between outward prosperity and moral disorder.
  • Ecclesiastes 8:14 (thematic): Qoheleth notes the puzzling occurrence that righteous suffer while the wicked succeed—same paradox of unjust prosperity found in Job 12:6.
  • Psalm 37:7-20 (thematic): This psalm confronts the present prosperity of the wicked but insists on their eventual downfall, engaging the same problem of wicked security that Job 12:6 raises.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Those who dwell in tents steal away, and the trusted fall into the hands of their enemies—what God brings about, that they suffer.
  • Their tents are safe from marauders, and those who provoke God are secure—into his hand he gives them.
7 But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; and the birds of the heavens will tell you;

Job.12.7 - Details

Translation

But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; and the birds of the heavens will tell you;

Original Text

ואולם שאל־ נא בהמות ותרך ועוף השמים ויגד־ לך׃

Morphology

  • ואולם: CONJ
  • שאל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • נא: PART
  • בהמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ותרך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,pl
  • ועוף: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • השמים: NOUN,m,pl,def
  • ויגד: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Both passages appeal to creation as a source of knowledge about God — the natural world 'declares' or 'testifies' to divine reality and wisdom.
  • Isaiah 1:3 (allusion): Uses the motif of animals knowing or recognizing their master (ox and donkey know their owner) to charge Israel with spiritual obtuseness, echoing Job's appeal to beasts as teachers.
  • Proverbs 6:6 (thematic): Directs the hearer to learn wisdom from an animal (the ant), paralleling Job's injunction to 'ask' beasts and be taught by them.
  • Proverbs 30:24-28 (thematic): Lists small creatures whose behavior displays wisdom, closely related to Job's claim that animals and birds can instruct humans.
  • Matthew 6:26 (thematic): Jesus points to the birds of the air to teach about God's care and what can be learned from observing creation, reflecting the same pedagogical use of animals found in Job.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; and the birds of the air, and they will tell you;
  • But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; and the birds of the air, and they will tell you;
8 or speak to the earth, and it will instruct you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you.

Job.12.8 - Details

Translation

or speak to the earth, and it will instruct you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you.

Original Text

או שיח לארץ ותרך ויספרו לך דגי הים׃

Morphology

  • או: CONJ
  • שיח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותרך: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • ויספרו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg
  • דגי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • הים: NOUN,m,sg,abs,def

Parallels

  • Job 12:7-10 (structural): Immediate context: verses 7–10 extend the same argument that creation (earth, animals, fish) can teach about God’s wisdom and providence.
  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Like Job’s line, Psalm 19:1 asserts that creation (the heavens) declares God’s glory—creation as a witness or teacher about God.
  • Psalm 148:7-10 (verbal): Calls for the sea and its creatures to praise the Lord (let the sea roar), echoing the image of sea life testifying or declaring.
  • Romans 1:20 (thematic): Paul argues that creation reveals God’s invisible attributes, paralleling Job’s claim that the natural world can instruct humans about divine realities.
  • Matthew 6:26 (cf. Luke 12:24) (thematic): Jesus points to birds (and elsewhere lilies) as instructive examples drawn from nature—similar use of creation to teach human understanding and trust.

Alternative generated candidates

  • or speak to the earth, and it will instruct you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you.
  • or speak to the earth, and it will teach you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you.
9 Who does not know in all these that the hand of the LORD has done this?

Job.12.9 - Details

Translation

Who does not know in all these that the hand of the LORD has done this?

Original Text

מי לא־ ידע בכל־ אלה כי יד־ יהוה עשתה זאת׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בכל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אלה: DEM,pl,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • יד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יהוה: NOUN,prop,m,sg,abs
  • עשתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • זאת: DEM,f,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 19:1 (thematic): Creation itself declares God's glory—like Job's claim that all know the hand of the LORD made these things.
  • Psalm 95:4-5 (verbal): Speaks of the depths and seas belonging to and made by God ('for he made it'), echoing Job's attribution of these works to the LORD's hand.
  • Isaiah 45:12 (verbal): God declares 'I made the earth... my hands stretched out the heavens,' a direct affirmation of divine handiwork comparable to Job's statement.
  • Romans 1:20 (thematic): Paul argues that God's invisible attributes are evident in creation, paralleling Job's assertion that the works of creation make God's hand known to all.
  • Psalm 24:1 (thematic): 'The earth is the LORD's'—a theological claim that the world belongs to and testifies to God, resonant with Job's rhetorical question about universal recognition of God's creative hand.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who does not know in all these that the hand of the LORD has wrought this?
  • Who among all these does not know that the hand of the LORD has done this?
10 In his hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind.

Job.12.10 - Details

Translation

In his hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind.

Original Text

אשר בידו נפש כל־ חי ורוח כל־ בשר־ איש׃

Morphology

  • אשר: PRON,rel
  • בידו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs+3,m,sg
  • נפש: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • חי: ADJ,m,sg
  • ורוח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • כל: DET
  • בשר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Genesis 2:7 (verbal): God forms man and 'breathes into his nostrils the breath of life,' linking divine agency with the imparting of life (parallel language: breath/spirit as source of life).
  • Genesis 7:22 (verbal): Describes how 'every living thing in which was the breath of life' perished in the Flood, using the same formula linking life to breath that Job attributes to God's hand.
  • Job 34:14-15 (verbal): Within the same book, Elihu (or the speaker) states that if God were to gather to himself his spirit and breath, all flesh would perish—echoing Job 12:10's idea that life and breath are in God's hand.
  • Isaiah 42:5 (thematic): God is proclaimed as creator who 'gives breath to the people on it and spirit to those who walk in it,' thematically affirming divine control over life and spirit like Job 12:10.
  • Acts 17:25 (verbal): Paul declares that God 'gives to all mankind life and breath and everything,' a New Testament formulation that closely parallels Job's assertion of God's possession and provision of life/breath.

Alternative generated candidates

  • In his hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind.
  • In his hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind.
11 Does not the ear test words, as the palate tastes food?

Job.12.11 - Details

Translation

Does not the ear test words, as the palate tastes food?

Original Text

הלא־ אזן מלין תבחן וחך אכל יטעם־ לו׃

Morphology

  • הלא: PART
  • אזן: NOUN,f,sg,cstr
  • מלין: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • תבחן: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • וחך: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אכל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • יטעם: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 34:3 (verbal): Elihu repeats the same proverb nearly word for word: the ear tests words as the palate tastes food — a direct verbal parallel within the book of Job.
  • Psalm 34:8 (thematic): Uses taste imagery ('Taste and see that the LORD is good') to describe experiential knowledge and discernment, parallel to Job's sensory metaphor for judging words.
  • Proverbs 18:13 (thematic): Warns against answering before listening ('He who answers a matter before he hears it'), emphasizing the proper use of hearing to judge speech, thematically akin to the ear's testing in Job 12:11.
  • James 1:19 (thematic): 'Let every person be quick to hear, slow to speak,' urging listening and discernment before speaking — a New Testament parallel stressing the value of hearing as a faculty for judging words.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Does not the ear examine words, as the palate tastes food?
  • Does not the ear test words, as the palate tastes food?
12 With the aged is wisdom, and in length of days understanding.

Job.12.12 - Details

Translation

With the aged is wisdom, and in length of days understanding.

Original Text

בישישים חכמה וארך ימים תבונה׃

Morphology

  • בישישים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וארך: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תבונה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 32:7 (verbal): Elihu states the same idea in nearly identical language: that advanced days/years should speak and teach wisdom—direct verbal parallel within Job's discourse.
  • Proverbs 16:31 (thematic): Associates old age/gray hair with honor and moral worth—similar theme that age brings dignity and the fruits of wisdom.
  • Proverbs 20:29 (thematic): Contrasts youthful strength with the ‘splendor’ of old men’s gray hair, linking age with honor and insight as in Job 12:12.
  • Psalm 92:12-14 (thematic): Describes the righteous flourishing and bearing fruit even in old age, implying continued maturity and understanding associated with longevity.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Wisdom belongs to the aged, and understanding to length of days.
  • With the aged is wisdom, and in length of days understanding.
13 With God are wisdom and might; he has counsel and understanding.

Job.12.13 - Details

Translation

With God are wisdom and might; he has counsel and understanding.

Original Text

עמו חכמה וגבורה לו עצה ותבונה׃

Morphology

  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • חכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • וגבורה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • עצה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותבונה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 2:6 (verbal): Explicitly attributes wisdom, knowledge, and understanding to the LORD—closely mirrors Job's statement that wisdom, might, counsel, and understanding belong to God.
  • Proverbs 3:19 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD using wisdom and understanding as divine attributes in creation, echoing Job's emphasis on God's possession and exercise of wisdom.
  • Daniel 2:20-21 (thematic): Praises God who gives wisdom and knowledge and changes times and rulers—parallels Job's affirmation of God's sovereignty and gift of wisdom.
  • Colossians 2:3 (allusion): Describes Christ as containing all treasures of wisdom and knowledge, reflecting the New Testament echo of the Old Testament theme that wisdom resides in God.
  • Psalm 147:5 (thematic): Declares God's greatness and unsearchable understanding, resonating with Job's claim that counsel and understanding belong to him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • With God are wisdom and might; counsel and understanding are his.
  • With him are wisdom and might; to him belong counsel and understanding.
14 Behold, he breaks down and it cannot be rebuilt; he shuts a man in, and there is no release.

Job.12.14 - Details

Translation

Behold, he breaks down and it cannot be rebuilt; he shuts a man in, and there is no release.

Original Text

הן יהרוס ולא יבנה יסגר על־ איש ולא יפתח׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • יהרוס: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יבנה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • יסגר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • איש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יפתח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:39 (thematic): Affirms Yahweh's exclusive power over life and death and human fate — 'I kill and I make alive' echoes Job's assertion that God destroys and does not rebuild, shuts a man up.
  • Isaiah 22:22 (verbal): Uses the same imagery of opening and shutting — 'he shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open,' closely paralleling Job's 'he shuts up a man, and there is no opening.'
  • Revelation 3:7 (allusion): Christ described as holding the 'key of David' so that what he opens no one can shut and vice versa — a New Testament echo of divine sovereignty over opening and shutting found in Job.
  • Isaiah 45:7 (thematic): Describes God as the one who creates both well-being and calamity ('I create evil/calamity'), resonating with Job's portrayal of God as the agent who destroys and withholds restoration.
  • Psalm 127:1 (thematic): Declares that the Lord, not human effort, is the builder of the house — paralleling Job's contrast between human impotence and divine power to build or destroy.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, he breaks down and it cannot be built up; he shuts a man in, and there can be no opening.
  • If he destroys, who can rebuild? If he shuts a man in, who can open him?
15 Behold, he withholds the waters, and they dry up; he sends them out, and they overturn the earth.

Job.12.15 - Details

Translation

Behold, he withholds the waters, and they dry up; he sends them out, and they overturn the earth.

Original Text

הן יעצר במים ויבשו וישלחם ויהפכו ארץ׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • יעצר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • במים: PREP
  • ויבשו: VERB,qal,perf,3,pl
  • וישלחם: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf_wq,3,m,sg;obj=3,m,pl
  • ויהפכו: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,pl
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Nahum 1:4 (verbal): Speaks of God rebuking the sea and drying up rivers—close verbal parallel about divine control over waters.
  • Psalm 107:33-34 (thematic): God turns rivers into wilderness and springs into dry land—a thematically similar picture of waters being withheld and the land altered.
  • Psalm 104:6-9 (allusion): Describes the primeval waters covered the earth and then fled at God's rebuke—another poetic portrayal of God restraining or dispersing waters.
  • Job 9:8 (structural): Within Job, God 'treads upon the waves' and 'shakes the earth'—an internal parallel emphasizing divine mastery over sea and earth.
  • Genesis 7:11 (thematic): The flood narrative where God unleashes waters that cover and overturn the earth—an example of waters sent out to overturn the land.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, he withholds the waters and they dry up; he sends them out, and they overrun the land.
  • If he withholds the waters, they dry up; if he sends them out, they overturn the earth.
16 With him are strength and prudence; the deceived and the deceiver belong to him.

Job.12.16 - Details

Translation

With him are strength and prudence; the deceived and the deceiver belong to him.

Original Text

עמו עז ותושיה לו שגג ומשגה׃

Morphology

  • עמו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותושיה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • שגג: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ומשגה: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 12:13 (verbal): Nearly identical assertion earlier in the chapter: wisdom and might belong to God, paralleling the language of strength/wisdom in v.16.
  • Psalm 147:5 (thematic): Affirms God's great power and infinite understanding—echoes Job's claim that strength and wisdom are with God.
  • Isaiah 45:7 (allusion): God declares he creates light and darkness (peace and calamity); parallels the idea that both the deceived and the deceiver are under God’s control.
  • Romans 9:18 (thematic): Paul's statement that God hardens whom he wills reflects the same theme of divine sovereignty over human disposition and outcomes implied in Job 12:16.

Alternative generated candidates

  • With him are strength and prudence; the deceived and the deceiver are his.
  • With him are strength and sound wisdom; the deceived and the deceiver are his.
17 He leads counselors astray and makes judges fools.

Job.12.17 - Details

Translation

He leads counselors astray and makes judges fools.

Original Text

מוליך יועצים שולל ושפטים יהולל׃

Morphology

  • מוליך: VERB,hif,ptcp,3,m,sg
  • יועצים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שולל: VERB,hiph,ptc,3,m,sg
  • ושפטים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יהולל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 5:13 (verbal): Very close verbal and thematic parallel — God overthrows the plans of the wise and brings the counsel of the crafty to ruin (catching wise men in their own schemes).
  • Proverbs 21:1 (thematic): Same theme of divine control over rulers/judges: the king’s heart is in the hand of the LORD, who turns it wherever he wills, implying God directs or misleads human advisers.
  • Daniel 4:17 (thematic): Declares that the Most High rules over the kingdoms of men and gives them to whom he will — emphasises God’s sovereign power over rulers and their counselors, like Job’s statement about misleading counselors and judges.
  • Isaiah 40:23 (verbal): Speaks of God bringing princes to nothing and making the rulers of the earth as emptiness, echoing the theme that God can abase or frustrate earthly judges and leaders.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He leads counselors away stripped, and makes fools of judges.
  • He leads counselors astray and makes judges fools.
18 He takes away the discernment of chiefs and strips the loins of those in authority.

Job.12.18 - Details

Translation

He takes away the discernment of chiefs and strips the loins of those in authority.

Original Text

מוסר מלכים פתח ויאסר אזור במתניהם׃

Morphology

  • מוסר: NOUN,m,sg,const
  • מלכים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • פתח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויאסר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אזור: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • במתניהם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Daniel 2:21 (thematic): Affirms divine sovereignty over rulers: God 'changes times and seasons; he removes kings and sets up kings,' resonating with Job's claim that God loosens and binds kings.
  • 1 Samuel 2:7-8 (thematic): Speaks of the Lord raising the poor and bringing down the mighty and taking away princes—parallel theme of God humbling and controlling the power of rulers as in Job 12:18.
  • Proverbs 21:1 (verbal): Portrays the king's heart as a watercourse in the hand of the Lord who turns it wherever he wills, echoing Job's depiction of God directing or restraining rulers.
  • Psalm 75:6-7 (thematic): Declares that promotion comes from God, not human origin, underscoring the same idea that God controls the rise and fall of kings as Job asserts.
  • Isaiah 40:23 (allusion): Speaks of bringing princes to nothing and making the rulers of the earth as emptiness—an image consonant with Job's portrayal of God loosening and binding royal power.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He loosens the fetters of kings and binds their loins with a girdle.
  • He loosens the belt of kings and binds a girdle on their hips.
19 He misleads priests and perverts the cause of the elders.

Job.12.19 - Details

Translation

He misleads priests and perverts the cause of the elders.

Original Text

מוליך כהנים שולל ואתנים יסלף׃

Morphology

  • מוליך: VERB,hif,ptcp,3,m,sg
  • כהנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שולל: VERB,qal,part,3,m,sg
  • ואתנים: CONJ+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יסלף: VERB,piel,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 44:25 (verbal): Speaks of God confounding prophets/diviners and turning the wise backward—language closely parallel to Job’s image of God misleading or confounding priests/elders.
  • Jeremiah 5:31 (thematic): Condemns prophets and priests who mislead the people and govern in ways that perpetuate falsehood—echoes Job’s charge that leaders/priests are led astray.
  • Ezekiel 22:26 (thematic): Accuses priests of violating God’s law and profaning holiness, implicating priestly failure and Divine judgment similar to Job’s depiction of priests being led into error.
  • Micah 3:11 (thematic): Describes leaders and priests corrupting justice and teaching for gain, undermining righteous order—parallels the motif of God overturning or exposing priestly/elder authority.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He leads priests away stripped and overthrows the mighty.
  • He leads priests astray and overthrows the mighty.
20 He removes the speech from faithful ones and takes away the understanding of the aged.

Job.12.20 - Details

Translation

He removes the speech from faithful ones and takes away the understanding of the aged.

Original Text

מסיר שפה לנאמנים וטעם זקנים יקח׃

Morphology

  • מסיר: VERB,hiph,ptc,3,m,sg
  • שפה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • לנאמנים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וטעם: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • זקנים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • יקח: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 29:14 (verbal): Speaks of God destroying human wisdom and frustrating the discernment of the discerning—very close verbal and thematic parallel to removing speech and the elders' discernment in Job 12:20.
  • 1 Corinthians 1:19 (quotation): Paul cites Isaiah's line ('I will destroy the wisdom of the wise') to show God frustrates human wisdom—New Testament echo of the same theme found in Job.
  • Proverbs 21:30 (verbal): Declares that no wisdom, understanding, or counsel can stand against the LORD, echoing Job's claim that God can deprive the trusted of speech and take away elders' insight.
  • Psalm 33:10 (thematic): Affirms that the LORD brings the plans of nations to nothing and frustrates counsel—thematic parallel emphasizing God's sovereignty over human speech, counsel, and wisdom.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He takes away the speech of trusty men and strips the elders of their discernment.
  • He deprives of speech those who are trusted and takes away the discernment of the elders.
21 He pours contempt upon nobles and loosens the girdle of the mighty.

Job.12.21 - Details

Translation

He pours contempt upon nobles and loosens the girdle of the mighty.

Original Text

שופך בוז על־ נדיבים ומזיח אפיקים רפה׃

Morphology

  • שופך: VERB,qal,ptc,m,sg
  • בוז: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • על: PREP
  • נדיבים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ומזיח: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אפיקים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • רפה: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • 1 Samuel 2:7-8 (thematic): Hannah’s song speaks of Yahweh bringing low the powerful and lifting up the lowly—same motif of God humiliating princes and overturning the strong.
  • Luke 1:52 (allusion): Mary’s Magnificat echoes the OT theme (and Hannah’s song) that God brings down the mighty from their thrones and exalts the humble, paralleling Job’s depiction of God casting contempt on nobles.
  • Isaiah 40:23 (verbal): Isaiah explicitly says God ‘brings princes to nothing’ (or makes rulers as nothing), using language very close to Job’s charge that God brings contempt on the powerful.
  • Proverbs 3:34 (thematic): Proverbs states that God ‘scorns the scorners’ but gives grace to the humble—echoing Job’s emphasis that God rebukes the proud/rulers and reverses human strength.
  • James 4:6 (allusion): James cites the proverb ‘God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble,’ reflecting the NT reception of the OT theme that God resists the mighty and vindicates the lowly, as in Job 12:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He pours contempt upon princes and loosens the belt of the strong.
  • He pours contempt upon princes and weakens the strength of the mighty.
22 He uncovers things long hidden, and brings deep darkness into the light.

Job.12.22 - Details

Translation

He uncovers things long hidden, and brings deep darkness into the light.

Original Text

מגלה עמקות מני־ חשך ויצא לאור צלמות׃

Morphology

  • מגלה: VERB,qal,ptc,3,m,sg
  • עמקות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויצא: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • לאור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • צלמות: NOUN,f,pl,abs

Parallels

  • Daniel 2:22 (verbal): Nearly identical language: Daniel attributes to God the ability to 'reveal deep and secret things' and to know 'what is in the darkness,' echoing Job’s claim that God reveals depths out of darkness.
  • Amos 3:7 (thematic): Both verses stress that God makes hidden matters known—Amos states God does not act without revealing his counsel to his prophets, paralleling Job’s theme of divine disclosure of hidden things.
  • 1 Corinthians 2:10 (allusion): Paul says God 'has revealed them to us by the Spirit; for the Spirit searches the depths,' reflecting the Joban motif of God exposing deep, hidden realities (the 'depths').
  • Proverbs 25:2 (thematic): Proverbs observes that God conceals things and that wise rulers seek them out; this complements Job’s focus on hidden/deep matters and the act of bringing them into light.
  • Isaiah 42:16 (thematic): Isaiah promises God will lead the blind and 'make darkness into light,' resonating with Job’s image of God bringing things out of darkness into the light.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He unveils things from darkness and brings the deep shadow to light.
  • He reveals deep things out of darkness and brings the shadow of death to light.
23 He makes nations great, and he destroys them; he enlarges nations, and leads them away.

Job.12.23 - Details

Translation

He makes nations great, and he destroys them; he enlarges nations, and leads them away.

Original Text

משגיא לגוים ויאבדם שטח לגוים וינחם׃

Morphology

  • משגיא: VERB,hiph,part,m,sg
  • לגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ויאבדם: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • שטח: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • לגוים: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • וינחם: VERB,niphal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:8 (structural): Speaks of God dividing the nations and fixing their boundaries—relates to divine sovereignty over the rise and disposition of peoples, parallel to making/enlarging and bringing low nations.
  • Daniel 2:21 (thematic): Affirms that God changes times and removes or sets up kings—echoes Job’s assertion that God exalts and brings down nations.
  • Acts 17:26 (thematic): States that God determined the times and boundaries of nations—connects to the idea that God directs the fortunes and territories of peoples.
  • Psalm 33:10-12 (thematic): Declares that the LORD thwarts the plans of nations and blesses those who trust him—parallels God’s activity in frustrating or prospering peoples.
  • Proverbs 21:1 (verbal): Says the king’s heart is like water in the hand of the LORD, turning it wherever he wills—comparable imagery of God directing rulers and, by extension, nations.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He makes nations great, then destroys them; he enlarges the nations, then leads them away.
  • He makes nations great, and he destroys them; he enlarges nations, and leads them away.
24 He takes away the heart of the chiefs of the people of the earth and makes them wander in a pathless waste.

Job.12.24 - Details

Translation

He takes away the heart of the chiefs of the people of the earth and makes them wander in a pathless waste.

Original Text

מסיר לב ראשי עם־ הארץ ויתעם בתהו לא־ דרך׃

Morphology

  • מסיר: VERB,hiph,ptc,3,m,sg
  • לב: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ראשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • עם: PREP
  • הארץ: NOUN,f,sg,def
  • ויתעם: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
  • בתהו: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • דרך: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 28:28 (thematic): God brings mental disturbance and confusion on a people or leaders ("madness, blindness and confusion of heart"), similar to Job’s claim that God removes leaders’ understanding and causes them to err.
  • Deuteronomy 29:4 (allusion): Yahweh’s action of withholding perception or understanding from the people ("the Lord has not given you a heart to perceive") parallels Job’s language about God removing the hearts/understanding of chiefs.
  • Psalm 107:4-5 (verbal): Describes people wandering in a wilderness and finding no way ("they wandered in the wilderness, in a desert way; they found no city to dwell in"), echoing Job’s image of leaders driven into a pathless waste.
  • Romans 1:21-24 (thematic): Paul describes God ‘giving them over’ so their thinking becomes futile and they are handed over to degrading passions—a New Testament reflection of divine action that frustrates human understanding and leads people astray, like Job’s depiction of God confusing rulers.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He removes the understanding of chiefs from the people and makes them wander in a pathless waste.
  • He takes away understanding from the chiefs of the people of the land and makes them wander in a pathless waste.
25 They grope in darkness without light and stagger like a drunken man.

Job.12.25 - Details

Translation

They grope in darkness without light and stagger like a drunken man.

Original Text

ימששו־ חשך ולא־ אור ויתעם כשכור׃

Morphology

  • ימששו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • חשך: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • אור: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויתעם: VERB,hitpael,impf,3,m,sg
  • כשכור: PREP+ADJ,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 59:10 (verbal): Speaks of groping for the wall like the blind and walking in darkness without light—directly parallels the image of groping in darkness with no light.
  • Psalm 107:27 (verbal): Uses the same simile 'they reel and stagger like a drunken man,' echoing Job's image of bewilderment and instability as drunkenness.
  • Proverbs 4:19 (thematic): Describes the way of the wicked as darkness, causing them to stumble without knowing over what they trip—thematic link to groping and lack of light.
  • Isaiah 29:10 (allusion): Speaks of a spirit of deep sleep and closed eyes sent by God so that people are bewildered—an underlying cause for the blindness/groping motif similar to Job's depiction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • They grope in darkness, without light; he makes them stagger like a drunken man.
  • They grope in the dark, without light; he makes them stagger like a drunken man.
1 Lo, my eye has seen all this, my ear has heard it and understood it.

Job.13.1 - Details

Translation

Lo, my eye has seen all this, my ear has heard it and understood it.

Original Text

הן־ כל ראתה עיני שמעה אזני ותבן לה׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • כל: DET
  • ראתה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • עיני: NOUN,f,pl,cons+1s
  • שמעה: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • אזני: NOUN,f,pl,suff
  • ותבן: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,sg
  • לה: PREP+PRON,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Job 42:5 (verbal): Both verses invoke the senses as grounds for knowledge: Job 13:1 claims the eye has seen and the ear has heard and understood, while Job 42:5 likewise contrasts prior hearing with now seeing God—sensory testimony to truth.
  • Proverbs 20:12 (thematic): Links the 'hearing ear' and 'seeing eye' as God‑given faculties. Like Job 13:1, it frames understanding in terms of sensory perception.
  • Ecclesiastes 1:8 (thematic): Speaks of the eye and ear together (the eye not satisfied with seeing, nor the ear filled with hearing), echoing Job 13:1's emphasis on what the senses perceive and apprehend.
  • Psalm 62:11 (thematic): 'Once God has spoken; twice have I heard this' highlights the role of hearing in grasping divine truth, resonating with Job 13:1's claim that the ear has heard and understood.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Lo, my eye has seen all this; my ear has heard and perceived it.
  • Behold, my eye has seen all this; my ear has heard and understood it.
2 As you know, so do I; I am not inferior to you.

Job.13.2 - Details

Translation

As you know, so do I; I am not inferior to you.

Original Text

כדעתכם ידעתי גם־ אני לא־ נפל אנכי מכם׃

Morphology

  • כדעתכם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs,2,mp
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • גם: ADV
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • נפל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • אנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • מכם: PREP,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 12:3 (verbal): Nearly identical phrasing — Job asserts his understanding and equality with his friends: “I am not inferior to you.” This verse is an immediate verbal parallel and repetition of the same claim.
  • Job 13:4 (structural): Direct continuation of the same speech: after insisting he is not inferior to his friends, Job declares his desire to speak to God. Shows the rhetorical move from defending himself against friends to addressing the Almighty.
  • Job 16:2 (thematic): Job again rebukes his friends’ responses (“miserable comforters are you all”), continuing the theme of rejecting their counsel and insisting on his own integrity and perspective.
  • 1 Corinthians 9:1 (thematic): Paul’s rhetorical self-defense (“Am I not an apostle? Am I not free?”) parallels Job’s use of a bold, defensive assertion of status and credibility in the face of critics — similar argumentative strategy in a dispute.

Alternative generated candidates

  • What you know, I know also; I am not inferior to you.
  • What you know, I know also; I am not inferior to you.
3 But I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with God.

Job.13.3 - Details

Translation

But I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with God.

Original Text

אולם אני אל־ שדי אדבר והוכח אל־ אל אחפץ׃

Morphology

  • אולם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • שדי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אדבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • והוכח: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • אל: NEG
  • אחפץ: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 1:18 (verbal): Both texts use the language of disputation—'let us reason/argue together' (Isaiah) echoes Job's desire to 'argue with God,' emphasizing direct dialogic engagement with the Divine.
  • Isaiah 43:26 (verbal): Isaiah's 'Put me in remembrance; let us plead together' closely parallels Job's wish to contend with God, sharing the verbal motif of pleading/arguing a case before God.
  • Genesis 18:23 (thematic): Abraham's bold negotiation with God over Sodom (Who will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked?) parallels Job's impulse to speak plainly and argue his case before the Almighty.
  • Habakkuk 2:1 (thematic): Habakkuk 'standing at his watch' to hear God's reply and to prepare an answer parallels Job's insistence on addressing and contesting with God over his complaints.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Oh that I would speak to the Almighty, and that I might argue my case with God!
  • Yet I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to argue my case with God.
4 But you are forgers of falsehood, you are all worthless physicians.

Job.13.4 - Details

Translation

But you are forgers of falsehood, you are all worthless physicians.

Original Text

ואולם אתם טפלי־ שקר רפאי אלל כלכם׃

Morphology

  • ואולם: CONJ
  • אתם: PRON,2,m,pl
  • טפלי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • שקר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • רפאי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • אלל: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • כלכם: PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 16:2 (verbal): Job uses nearly identical language shortly after: 'Miserable comforters are you all,' echoing the charge that his friends' counsel is worthless.
  • Jeremiah 8:11 (thematic): God condemns leaders who 'heal the wound of my people lightly'—a similar trope of false or ineffectual healers/comforters giving deceptive reassurance.
  • Ezekiel 13:17-19 (thematic): Ezekiel denounces false prophetesses and comforters who prophesy lies and give false security—paralleling Job's accusation of his friends as worthless, deceptive advisers.
  • Jeremiah 23:16 (allusion): Jeremiah warns against listening to prophets who 'speak a vision of their own heart' rather than God's word, akin to Job's critique of his friends' unreliable, self‑derived counsel.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But you smear with lies; you are all worthless physicians.
  • But you smear with lies; you are all physicians who are useless.
5 O that you would be silent; it would be wisdom for you.

Job.13.5 - Details

Translation

O that you would be silent; it would be wisdom for you.

Original Text

מי־ יתן החרש תחרישון ותהי לכם לחכמה׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • החרש: NOUN,m,sg,def
  • תחרישון: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • ותהי: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • לכם: PREP,2,m,pl
  • לחכמה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Proverbs 17:27 (verbal): Affirms the link between restrained speech and wisdom: 'he that hath knowledge spareth his words' echoes Job's wish that silence would be true wisdom.
  • Proverbs 10:19 (thematic): Contrasts many words with wisdom—'he that refraineth his lips is wise' parallels Job's call for silence as the wiser course.
  • Proverbs 17:28 (verbal): Uses similar language about holding one's peace—'when he holdeth his peace... is counted wise' closely parallels Job's statement that silence would be wisdom.
  • Ecclesiastes 5:2 (thematic): Advises caution and silence before God—'be not rash with thy mouth' connects to Job's appeal for silence as wise behavior in a charged speech context.
  • Psalm 39:2 (structural): Speaks of being 'dumb with silence' and holding peace in the face of sorrow; thematically parallels Job's linking of silence and prudent wisdom.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Would that you would keep silent; it would be your wisdom.
  • Would that you would be silent, and it would be your wisdom.
6 Hear now my reasoning, and listen to the pleadings of my lips.

Job.13.6 - Details

Translation

Hear now my reasoning, and listen to the pleadings of my lips.

Original Text

שמעו־ נא תוכחתי ורבות שפתי הקשיבו׃

Morphology

  • שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • נא: PART
  • תוכחתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+1cs
  • ורבות: CONJ+ADJ,f,pl
  • שפתי: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • הקשיבו: VERB,hiphil,imp,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 21:2 (verbal): Another speech of Job that begins with an imperative to hear his words—similar wording and the same rhetorical move of calling listeners to attend to his defense.
  • Isaiah 1:18 (thematic): ‘Come now, let us reason together’ parallels Job’s appeal to hear and consider his argument—both invite a mutual examination of claims.
  • Psalm 5:1 (verbal): ‘Give ear to my words, O Lord’ uses the same imperative to listen; although addressed to God rather than human hearers, it echoes the petition for attentive listening to one’s speech.
  • Isaiah 55:3 (thematic): ‘Incline your ear… hear’ is an exhortation to attentive hearing with life-bearing consequences, thematically related to Job’s plea that his words be heard and weighed.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Hear now my reasoning, and give ear to the pleadings of my lips.
  • Hear now my reasoning, and listen to the pleas of my lips.
7 Will you speak wickedly for God? Will you speak deceitfully for him?

Job.13.7 - Details

Translation

Will you speak wickedly for God? Will you speak deceitfully for him?

Original Text

הלאל תדברו עולה ולו תדברו רמיה׃

Morphology

  • הלאל: PART
  • תדברו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • עולה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ולו: CONJ+PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • תדברו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • רמיה: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 18:20-22 (verbal): Warns that one who presumptuously speaks in God's name false words is a false prophet and will be judged — parallel to condemning speech that falsely represents God.
  • Jeremiah 23:16-22 (thematic): Condemns prophets who prophesy lies and speak from their own hearts rather than from the LORD — similar rebuke of speaking deceitfully on God's behalf.
  • Ezekiel 13:6-9 (thematic): Denounces prophets who utter false visions and prophesy deceit, breaking down the integrity of God's people — parallels Job's charge against speaking deception for God.
  • Matthew 7:15-20 (thematic): Jesus warns against false prophets who come in sheep’s clothing and are known by their fruit — a New Testament parallel about those who misrepresent God.
  • 2 Peter 2:1 (thematic): Speaks of false teachers who introduce destructive heresies and deny the Master, echoing the idea of people speaking falsely in God's name.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Will you speak wickedly for God, and talk deceitfully for him?
  • Will you speak wickedly on God's behalf and talk deceitfully for him?
8 Will you show partiality for him? Will you contend for God?

Job.13.8 - Details

Translation

Will you show partiality for him? Will you contend for God?

Original Text

הפניו תשאון אם־ לאל תריבון׃

Morphology

  • הפניו: VERB,qal,imper,2,m,pl
  • תשאון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • אם: CONJ
  • לאל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תריבון: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Job 40:2 (verbal): Directly parallels the challenge language about contending with the Almighty—'Shall he that contendeth with the Almighty instruct him?'—using the same theme and verb of arguing with God.
  • Isaiah 45:9 (thematic): Condemns striving with the Creator ('Woe to him who quarrels with his maker'), echoing the warning against contending with God found in Job 13:8.
  • Romans 9:20 (allusion): Paul's rhetorical rebuke ('Who are you, O man, to answer back to God?') echoes Job's challenge not to contend with or reproach the Almighty.
  • Job 13:6 (structural): Immediate context within Job's speech—both verses form a cluster of rhetorical questions accusing Job's friends of arguing on God's behalf and improperly contending with God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Will you show partiality for him? Will you contend for God?
  • Will you show partiality for him? Will you argue the case for God?
9 Will it be good when he examines you? Will you be impious toward a mortal and be justified?

Job.13.9 - Details

Translation

Will it be good when he examines you? Will you be impious toward a mortal and be justified?

Original Text

הטוב כי־ יחקר אתכם אם־ כהתל באנוש תהתלו בו׃

Morphology

  • הטוב: ADJ,m,sg,def
  • כי: CONJ
  • יחקר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
  • אם: CONJ
  • כהתל: PART+VERB,hitpael,perf,3,m,sg
  • באנוש: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תהתלו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,pl
  • בו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 18:20 (structural): Law against a prophet who presumes to speak in God’s name falsely—parallels Job’s charge about speaking wickedly or deceitfully on behalf of God.
  • Jeremiah 23:16-22 (quotation): Jeremiah condemns prophets who prophesy lies and speak what God has not sent—directly related to the theme of speaking falsely for God.
  • Ezekiel 13:3-9 (allusion): Ezekiel denounces false prophets who build a ‘wall’ of falsehood for the people—echoes the rebuke of those who misrepresent God.
  • Proverbs 17:15 (thematic): “He who justifies the wicked and he who condemns the righteous are both alike an abomination” —connects to the moral fault of defending or misrepresenting wrongdoing in the name of God.
  • Psalm 50:16-17 (verbal): God’s rebuke of those who recite his statutes while hating discipline parallels the hypocrisy of speaking for God while perverting truth.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Will it be good if he search you out? Or as one man mock you, shall you be mocked?
  • Will it be well when he searches you out? Or can you deceive him, as one deceives a man?
10 He will surely reprove you if in secret you show partiality.

Job.13.10 - Details

Translation

He will surely reprove you if in secret you show partiality.

Original Text

הוכח יוכיח אתכם אם־ בסתר פנים תשאון׃

Morphology

  • הוכח: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יוכיח: VERB,hiph,imprf,3,m,sg
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
  • אם: CONJ
  • בסתר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פנים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תשאון: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 17:10 (thematic): God searches hearts and minds and repays according to what is found—parallels Job’s warning that hidden delight in sin will bring divine reproof.
  • Psalm 139:1-4 (thematic): God’s intimate knowledge of thoughts and hidden actions (He knows when I sit and rise; He discerns my thoughts) echoes the idea that secret pleasures cannot escape divine scrutiny and rebuke.
  • Proverbs 28:13 (thematic): The proverb that concealing transgressions prevents prospering, while confessing brings mercy, relates to Job’s concern that secret delight in sin will be exposed and reproved.
  • 1 Samuel 16:7 (thematic): The statement that the LORD looks at the heart rather than outward appearance corresponds to the theme that God sees secret motives and will reprove those who secretly delight in wrongdoing.
  • Psalm 19:12-13 (thematic): The plea for cleansing from hidden faults and protection from presumptuous sins connects to Job’s notion that secretly indulged sin invites divine correction.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He will surely reprove you, if you secretly show partiality.
  • He will surely reprove you if you secretly show partiality.
11 Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you?

Job.13.11 - Details

Translation

Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you?

Original Text

הלא שאתו תבעת אתכם ופחדו יפל עליכם׃

Morphology

  • הלא: PART
  • שאתו: VERB,qal,inf,3,m,sg
  • תבעת: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • אתכם: PRT+PRON,2,m,pl
  • ופחדו: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יפל: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עליכם: PREP+PRON,2mp

Parallels

  • Proverbs 1:26 (verbal): Both passages use the imagery of terror/fear striking or falling on people as a consequence of judgment—'terror strikes you' parallels the idea of fear falling upon the addressees.
  • Psalm 2:5 (thematic): God's response to hostile or presumptuous opponents causes fear to fall on them; thematically parallels the motif of divine or judicially‑induced dread falling on those who oppose or judge.
  • Job 4:14–15 (structural): Within the Book of Job a related motif appears where the seer experiences fear and trembling before a divine revelation—this passage echoes the theme of fear coming upon human witnesses of the divine (parallel context and imagery).
  • Habakkuk 3:16 (thematic): The prophet's physical trembling and inner terror at God's voice mirrors the theme of fear falling upon people in the presence of divine action or judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Will not his majesty make you afraid, and the dread of him fall upon you?
  • Will not his majesty make you afraid, and the dread of him fall upon you?
12 Your maxims are proverbs of ashes; your defenses are clay.

Job.13.12 - Details

Translation

Your maxims are proverbs of ashes; your defenses are clay.

Original Text

זכרניכם משלי־ אפר לגבי־ חמר גביכם׃

Morphology

  • זכרניכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2mp
  • משלי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • אפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לגבי: PREP
  • חמר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • גביכם: NOUN,m,sg,abs+2mp

Parallels

  • Job 16:2 (thematic): Job condemns his friends' speeches as worthless comfort; both verses attack the friends' consolations as unhelpful and empty.
  • Job 2:11 (structural): Introduces the three friends who come to 'comfort' Job; provides the broader context for Job's later denunciation of their words.
  • Jeremiah 18:4 (allusion): Uses the potter/clay motif to portray human fragility and craft, echoing the clay imagery (חמר) that underlies the verse's critique of human pronouncements.
  • Isaiah 64:8 (allusion): Speaks of humans as clay and God as potter; parallels the metaphorical use of clay to describe human condition and impotence implicit in the verse.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:20 (verbal): Employs dust/earth imagery for human transience (all are of the dust), resonating with the verse's use of ash/dust language (אפר) to characterize the futility or frailty of human words.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Your maxims are proverbs of ashes; your defenses are defenses of clay.
  • Your maxims are proverbs of ashes; your defenses are defenses of clay.
13 Be silent before me, and let me speak; and after I have spoken, mock on.

Job.13.13 - Details

Translation

Be silent before me, and let me speak; and after I have spoken, mock on.

Original Text

החרישו ממני ואדברה־ אני ויעבר עלי מה׃

Morphology

  • החרישו: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,pl
  • ממני: PREP,suff,1,m,sg
  • ואדברה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • ויעבר: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • מה: PRON,int

Parallels

  • Job 6:24 (verbal): Both verses focus on the dynamic of speech and silence in the dialogue; Job 6:24 asks to be taught so he will hold his tongue, while 13:13 demands the friends' silence so he can speak.
  • Proverbs 17:28 (thematic): Contrasts speech and silence—Proverbs notes the wisdom of holding one's tongue, which echoes Job’s concern with when it is proper to speak or remain silent.
  • Psalm 46:10 (verbal): Uses the command 'Be still'/'Be silent' (החרישו), paralleling Job’s imperative for his companions to be quiet; both verses emphasize silence as a prelude to a deeper proclamation or revelation.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:7 (thematic): Expresses the wisdom tradition’s theme that there is a time to keep silence and a time to speak, directly relevant to Job’s insistence that his friends now be silent so he may speak.
  • Psalm 39:1-2 (thematic): The psalmist describes holding his peace and being mute before speaking, mirroring Job’s concern with restraint and the tension between silence and utterance in suffering.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Hold your peace; let me speak, and let come on me what may.
  • Put now your hand over your mouth; keep silent, and let this be your wisdom.
14 Why should I take my flesh between my teeth and put my life in my hand?

Job.13.14 - Details

Translation

Why should I take my flesh between my teeth and put my life in my hand?

Original Text

על־ מה ׀ אשא בשרי בשני ונפשי אשים בכפי׃

Morphology

  • על: PREP
  • מה: PRON,int
  • אשא: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • בשרי: NOUN,m,sg,suff
  • בשני: PREP+NUM,m,du,abs
  • ונפשי: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:1cs,pref:CONJ
  • אשים: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • בכפי: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,?,sg

Parallels

  • Job 13:15 (structural): Immediate continuation of Job’s speech — expresses the same resolve and the related idea of risking or surrendering life in relation to God (close contextual parallel).
  • Psalm 31:5 (verbal): Both verses speak of committing one’s life/spirit into a hand — Psalmist’s ‘Into your hand I commit my spirit’ echoes the imagery of placing life in a hand.
  • Luke 23:46 (thematic): Jesus’ cry ‘Father, into your hands I commit my spirit’ (a quote of Ps 31:5) parallels Job’s motif of entrusting life amid suffering — the theme of placing life in God’s hands.
  • Psalm 56:4 (or 56:11 in Hebrew versification) (thematic): Rhetorical trust in God in the face of mortal threat — ‘In God I put my trust; what can man do unto me?’ parallels Job’s questioning of why he would risk/handle his own life against looming danger.
  • Psalm 39:4–6 (thematic): Meditation on the fragility and uncertainty of life (‘Lord, make me to know mine end…’), resonating with Job’s concern about holding his life in his hands and the precariousness of mortal existence.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Why should I take my flesh in my teeth and put my life in my hand?
  • Why do I take my flesh in my teeth and put my life in my hand?
15 Though he slay me, I will hope in him; yet I will argue my ways before him.

Job.13.15 - Details

Translation

Though he slay me, I will hope in him; yet I will argue my ways before him.

Original Text

הן יקטלני לו איחל אך־ דרכי אל־ פניו אוכיח׃

Morphology

  • הן: PART
  • יקטלני: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg,suff:1,sg
  • לו: PRON,3,m,sg
  • איחל: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • אך: PART
  • דרכי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,_,sg
  • אל: NEG
  • פניו: NOUN,m,pl,cons+3,m,sg
  • אוכיח: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 23:4 (thematic): Declaration of fearlessness in the face of death because of God's presence — parallels Job's resolve to trust God even if God kills him.
  • Habakkuk 3:17-18 (thematic): Uses a 'though... yet...' construction to affirm trust and rejoicing despite total loss, similar in form and spirit to Job's 'though he slay me, yet will I trust'.
  • Job 19:25 (thematic): A neighboring Jobic confession of hope ('I know that my Redeemer lives') that expresses decisive confidence in vindication and relationship with God amid suffering, consonant with 13:15's trust.
  • 2 Corinthians 4:8-9 (thematic): Paul's portrayal of affliction without despair ('persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed') echoes the steadfast trust and perseverance that Job asserts despite lethal threat.
  • Romans 8:35-39 (thematic): Paul's affirmation that nothing can separate believers from God's love models the same unshaken confidence in God in the face of suffering and possible death that Job proclaims.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Though he slay me, I will hope in him; yet I will argue my ways to his face.
  • Though he slay me, I will hope in him; yet I will argue my ways before him.
16 This also will be my salvation: for a godless man shall not come before him.

Job.13.16 - Details

Translation

This also will be my salvation: for a godless man shall not come before him.

Original Text

גם־ הוא־ לי לישועה כי־ לא לפניו חנף יבוא׃

Morphology

  • גם: ADV
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • לישועה: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • כי: CONJ
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • לפניו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • חנף: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • יבוא: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 27:1 (thematic): Declares God as the speaker’s salvation ('The LORD is my light and my salvation'), expressing the same personal trust in God’s saving presence as Job’s statement.
  • Psalm 62:2 (verbal): Uses near-identical language ('Truly he is my rock and my salvation'), echoing Job’s vocative claim that God is his salvation and refuge.
  • Psalm 101:7 (verbal): Prohibits deceitful persons from dwelling in the psalmist’s house and coming before his eyes—paralleling Job’s assertion that a hypocrite will not come before God.
  • Habakkuk 1:13 (allusion): States that God is of purer eyes and cannot look on evil; this undergirds Job’s idea that hypocrites cannot stand in God’s presence.
  • Isaiah 33:15 (thematic): Describes the morally upright who may 'dwell' or 'stand' in God’s presence (avoiding deceit and falsehood), thematically echoing the exclusion of hypocrites from God’s sight.

Alternative generated candidates

  • This also shall be my salvation, for a godless man may not come before him.
  • This will be my salvation: that the godless will not come before him.
17 Listen diligently to my speech, and let my declaration be in your ears.

Job.13.17 - Details

Translation

Listen diligently to my speech, and let my declaration be in your ears.

Original Text

שמעו שמוע מלתי ואחותי באזניכם׃

Morphology

  • שמעו: VERB,qal,impv,2,m,pl
  • שמוע: VERB,qal,infc
  • מלתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • ואחותי: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,1,sg
  • באזניכם: PREP+NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,pl

Parallels

  • Deuteronomy 32:1 (verbal): A direct summons to hear: 'Give ear, O heavens, and I will speak; and let the earth hear...'—parallels Job's opening call 'hear... let my words be in your ears.'
  • Proverbs 4:1 (verbal): An instruction to listen to teaching: 'Hear, O sons, the instruction of a father'—similar imperative to attend to the speaker's words.
  • Psalm 46:10 (thematic): 'Be still, and know that I am God' pairs the call to silence and attentive receptivity with Job's appeal to hear and hold peace.
  • Job 13:3 (structural): Within the same speech Job emphasizes perception—'my eye has seen, my ear has heard'—which reinforces the present verse's appeal that others should hear and receive his words.
  • Amos 3:1 (thematic): 'Hear this word that the LORD has spoken against you...'—a prophetic summons to hear God's message, thematically akin to Job's urgent call for attentive listening.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Listen to my words, and let my declaration be in your ears.
  • Keep listening to my words, and let my declaration be in your ears.
18 Behold, I have set my case; I know that I shall be vindicated.

Job.13.18 - Details

Translation

Behold, I have set my case; I know that I shall be vindicated.

Original Text

הנה־ נא ערכתי משפט ידעתי כי־ אני אצדק׃

Morphology

  • הנה: PART
  • נא: PART
  • ערכתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,c,sg
  • משפט: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידעתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,?,sg
  • כי: CONJ
  • אני: PRON,1,sg
  • אצדק: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 26:1 (verbal): The psalmist asks to be vindicated—'Vindicate me, O LORD'—echoing Job's confident claim that he will be justified.
  • Psalm 43:1 (thematic): A plea for God to judge and plead the speaker's cause against enemies, paralleling Job's assertion that he has set forth his case and expects vindication.
  • Isaiah 50:8-9 (verbal): God (or the speaker's vindicator) is described as 'near' to vindicate; thematically parallels Job's assurance of impending justification.
  • Romans 8:33-34 (thematic): Paul's argument—'Who shall bring any charge against God's elect? It is God who justifies'—resonates with Job's confidence that he will be declared righteous.
  • Proverbs 18:17 (structural): 'The first to plead his case seems right...' relates to Job's act of formally setting forth his lawsuit (ערכתי משפט) and relying on the adjudication that will vindicate him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Behold, I have prepared my case; I know that I shall be vindicated.
  • Behold, I have prepared my case; I know that I shall be vindicated.
19 Who is there who will contend with me? If I hold my tongue, I shall give up the ghost.

Job.13.19 - Details

Translation

Who is there who will contend with me? If I hold my tongue, I shall give up the ghost.

Original Text

מי־ הוא יריב עמדי כי־ עתה אחריש ואגוע׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • הוא: PRON,3,m,sg
  • יריב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עמדי: PREP+1cs
  • כי: CONJ
  • עתה: ADV
  • אחריש: VERB,qal,impf,1,?,sg
  • ואגוע: CONJ+VERB,qal,imperf,1,c,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 39:9 (verbal): Uses the same motif and similar wording of silence in suffering — 'I am mute/I will be silent' (Hebrew אַחְרִישׁ), echoing Job's 'then I would hold my peace.'
  • Isaiah 53:7 (thematic): Depicts a suffering figure who 'opened not his mouth'—a parallel theme of patient, wordless endurance in the face of accusation and death.
  • Lamentations 3:28-29 (thematic): Advises quiet submission — 'let him sit alone and keep silence' — resonating with Job's resignation to be silent and die under affliction.
  • Romans 9:20 (verbal): Paul's rhetorical 'Who are you to answer back to God?' parallels Job's challenge 'Who is he that will contend with me?' — both invoke the futility or audacity of contending with God's judgment.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who is he who will contend with me? If I were silent, I would expire.
  • Who is there who will contend with me? For then I would be silent and die.
20 Only two things do not do to me; then will I not hide myself from your face:

Job.13.20 - Details

Translation

Only two things do not do to me; then will I not hide myself from your face:

Original Text

אך־ שתים אל־ תעש עמדי אז מפניך לא אסתר׃

Morphology

  • אך: PART
  • שתים: NUM,f,pl,abs
  • אל: NEG
  • תעש: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • עמדי: PREP+1cs
  • אז: ADV
  • מפניך: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs,2m
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אסתר: VERB,qal,impf,1,c,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 13:1 (verbal): Both use the language of God 'hiding his face' — a complaint about divine hiddenness and a plea for God not to withdraw his presence.
  • Psalm 27:9 (verbal): Directly echoes Job's petition not to have God's face hidden or be cast off; same verbal motif of 'hide not thy face' and pleading for God's nearness.
  • Exodus 33:14-15 (thematic): Moses insists on God's presence (face) remaining with Israel — parallels Job's request that God not remove his hand/presence and his desire not to be hidden from God's face.
  • Psalm 88:14 (verbal): Another lament that uses the phrase 'why hast thou hidden thy face?' reflecting the same existential distress over God's apparent withdrawal found in Job 13:20.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Only two things do not do to me; then I will not hide myself from your face.
  • Only two things do not do to me; then will I not hide myself from your face:
21 Remove your hand far from me, and let not dread of you terrify me.

Job.13.21 - Details

Translation

Remove your hand far from me, and let not dread of you terrify me.

Original Text

כפך מעלי הרחק ואמתך אל־ תבעתני׃

Morphology

  • כפך: NOUN,f,sg+PRON,2,m,sg
  • מעלי: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • הרחק: ADV
  • ואמתך: CONJ+NOUN,f,sg,abs-2ms
  • אל: NEG
  • תבעתני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Exodus 33:20-23 (structural): Moses is told that no one may see God's face and live and God places Moses in a cleft and shields him—parallel concern with the dangerous, overwhelming effects of divine presence and the desire for protection/separation from God's immediate hand.
  • Psalm 139:5 (verbal): Uses the image of God's hand encircling or being upon the speaker ('you hem me in, behind and before; you lay your hand upon me'), echoing Job's language of God's hand on him and the close, constraining effect that provokes distress.
  • Job 13:20 (verbal): Immediate parallel within the same petition: the twofold request (verse 20–21) — to be granted two things, including removal of God's hand and freedom from the terror of God — shows this verse as part of a connected plea and repeats the same vocabulary and theme.
  • Habakkuk 3:16 (thematic): The prophet describes bodily trembling and fear in the face of God's activity ('my belly churned, my lips quivered at the sound'), paralleling Job's plea not to be terrified by God's hand—both texts reflect human fear before divine majesty.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Remove your hand far from me, and let not dread of you terrify me.
  • Withdraw your hand far from me, and let not dread of you terrify me.
22 Then call, and I will answer; or let me speak, and you reply to me.

Job.13.22 - Details

Translation

Then call, and I will answer; or let me speak, and you reply to me.

Original Text

וקרא ואנכי אענה או־ אדבר והשיבני׃

Morphology

  • וקרא: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ואנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • אענה: VERB,qal,impf,1,_,sg
  • או: CONJ
  • אדבר: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • והשיבני: VERB,hif,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Jeremiah 33:3 (verbal): Very close wording and promise: 'Call to me, and I will answer you'—directly parallels Job's appeal for God to call/answer.
  • Isaiah 58:9 (verbal): Similar formula: 'Call, and the LORD will answer; cry, and he will say, “Here I am.”'—echoes the expectation of a divine response.
  • Isaiah 65:24 (thematic): Shares the motif of God's prompt responsiveness to human speech—'Before they call I will answer'—a related perspective on divine hearing and reply.
  • Jeremiah 29:12 (verbal): Promises that when people call and pray to God he will listen and answer—parallels Job's plea for a direct reply from God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Then call, and I will answer; or let me speak, and you reply to me.
  • Then call, and I will answer; or let me speak, and you reply to me.
23 How many are my iniquities and sins? Make me know my transgression and my sin.

Job.13.23 - Details

Translation

How many are my iniquities and sins? Make me know my transgression and my sin.

Original Text

כמה לי עונות וחטאות פשעי וחטאתי הדיעני׃

Morphology

  • כמה: ADV
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • עונות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • וחטאות: CONJ+NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • פשעי: NOUN,m,sg,suff,1,sg
  • וחטאתי: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,1,sg
  • הדיעני: VERB,hiph,imp,2,m,sg+PRON_OBJ,1,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 19:12-13 (thematic): Both ask God to reveal and remove hidden faults; a plea for God to disclose and cleanse sins not fully known to the speaker.
  • Psalm 139:23-24 (verbal): Explicitly asks God to search and know the heart and to reveal any wicked way—closely parallels Job’s request that God make his transgression and sin known.
  • Psalm 51:3-4 (thematic): An admission of transgressions and appeal to God’s justice/mercy; Psalmist confesses his sins openly, echoing Job’s concern about his iniquities and need for God’s judgment/forgiveness.
  • Proverbs 20:9 (verbal): Rhetorical question about who can claim to be free of sin—parallels Job’s acknowledgement of numerous iniquities and the implicit need for divine examination.

Alternative generated candidates

  • How many are my iniquities and my sins? Make me to know my transgression and my sin.
  • How many are my iniquities and my sins? Make me know my transgression and my sin.
24 Why do you hide your face and count me as your enemy?

Job.13.24 - Details

Translation

Why do you hide your face and count me as your enemy?

Original Text

למה־ פניך תסתיר ותחשבני לאויב לך׃

Morphology

  • למה: ADV
  • פניך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • תסתיר: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
  • ותחשבני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • לאויב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • לך: PRON,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 13:1 (verbal): Uses the same complaint—God 'hiding his face'—expressing abandonment and prompting the question why God seems absent.
  • Psalm 44:24 (verbal): Directly asks why God hides his face and seems to forget or abandon the sufferer—close verbal and thematic resonance with Job’s charge.
  • Psalm 102:2 (thematic): Begins with an entreaty not to have God’s face hidden in a time of trouble, echoing Job’s plea against divine concealment.
  • Job 23:8–9 (structural): Within the same book, Job laments God’s inaccessibility—'I go forward, but he is not there'—a parallel portrayal of divine hiddenness and the speaker’s inability to find God.
  • Lamentations 5:20 (thematic): Asks why God has forgotten and forsaken his people, paralleling Job’s sense that God has turned away and treated him as if an enemy.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Why do you hide your face and count me as your enemy?
  • Why do you hide your face and count me as your enemy?
25 Will you lift up a leaf driven to and fro, and pursue dry stubble?

Job.13.25 - Details

Translation

Will you lift up a leaf driven to and fro, and pursue dry stubble?

Original Text

העלה נדף תערוץ ואת־ קש יבש תרדף׃

Morphology

  • העלה: NOUN,f,sg,abs,def
  • נדף: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • תערוץ: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • ואת: CONJ
  • קש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יבש: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • תרדף: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 1:4 (verbal): Uses the image of the wicked as chaff driven away by the wind—similar ephemeral, blown‑away/stubble imagery (׳קש יבש׳ parallel to 'chaff').
  • Isaiah 17:13 (verbal): Speaks of nations and peoples being like chaff driven by the wind—close verbal and metaphorical parallel of leaf/chaff driven away in judgment.
  • Matthew 3:12 (thematic): John the Baptist’s image of winnowing: the chaff is blown away and burned—echoes the judgmental use of chaff/stubble imagery to denote worthlessness and removal.
  • Matthew 13:30 (structural): Parable of the weeds and the wheat separates worthless chaff from valuable grain—uses the same structural motif of separating/disposing of chaff as judgment and transience.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Will you frighten a driven leaf and pursue dry stubble?
  • Will you terrify a driven leaf and pursue dry chaff?
26 For you write bitter things against me and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth.

Job.13.26 - Details

Translation

For you write bitter things against me and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth.

Original Text

כי־ תכתב עלי מררות ותורישני עונות נעורי׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • תכתב: VERB,niphal,impf,3,f,sg
  • עלי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • מררות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • ותורישני: VERB,hiph,impf,2,m,sg
  • עונות: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • נעורי: NOUN,m,pl,cons

Parallels

  • Psalm 25:7 (verbal): Uses the phrase “sins of my youth” (Heb. נעוריי/נעורתי); appeals to God not to remember or impute youthful transgressions, directly paralleling Job’s complaint about inheriting youth’s sins.
  • Ezekiel 18:20 (thematic): Asserts that individuals do not inherit another’s guilt (“the son shall not bear the iniquity of the father”), contrasting Job’s lament that God is making him ‘inherit’ the iniquities of his youth.
  • Jeremiah 31:34 (thematic): Proclaims God’s promise to forgive and no longer remember sins—a theological counterpoint to Job’s experience of God remembering and charging his former sins.
  • Micah 7:19 (thematic): Describes God casting sins away and showing compassion by removing iniquity, contrasting Job’s sense that God is recording and transferring the bitterness of past sins onto him.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For you write bitter things against me and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth.
  • For you write bitter things against me and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth;
27 You put my feet in the stocks and watch all my paths; you set a limit for the soles of my feet.

Job.13.27 - Details

Translation

You put my feet in the stocks and watch all my paths; you set a limit for the soles of my feet.

Original Text

ותשם בסד ׀ רגלי ותשמור כל־ ארחותי על־ שרשי רגלי תתחקה׃

Morphology

  • ותשם: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg
  • בסד: PREP
  • רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • ותשמור: VERB,qal,imprf,2,ms
  • כל: DET
  • ארחותי: NOUN,f,pl,poss1s
  • על: PREP
  • שרשי: NOUN,m,pl,const
  • רגלי: NOUN,f,pl,cons
  • תתחקה: VERB,hithpael,imprf,2,ms

Parallels

  • Psalm 35:7 (verbal): Speaks of enemies hiding a net for the psalmist's steps—language of a ‘net/snares’ set for one's feet closely parallels Job 13:27's image.
  • Psalm 141:9 (verbal): Prayer to be kept from the snares laid by wicked men—echoes the plea/complaint about traps and guarded steps in Job 13:27.
  • Psalm 119:110 (thematic): States that the wicked have laid a snare for the psalmist—the motif of hostile snares set against a righteous sufferer aligns with Job's complaint.
  • Job 19:8 (structural): Within Job itself—God has fenced up the speaker's way and set darkness in his paths, a closely related image of impeded steps and watched ways.
  • Job 18:10 (thematic): Describes a person's steps being constrained and his strength's steps failing—thematically related to the loss of freedom of movement and watched/trapped steps in Job 13:27.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You put my feet in the stocks and watch all my paths; you set a mark on the soles of my feet.
  • you put my feet in the stocks and watch all my paths; you set a limit for the soles of my feet.
28 But he is a broken thing, a rotting garment eaten by moths.

Job.13.28 - Details

Translation

But he is a broken thing, a rotting garment eaten by moths.

Original Text

והוא כרקב יבלה כבגד אכלו עש׃

Morphology

  • והוא: CONJ+PRON,3,m,sg
  • כרקב: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יבלה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כבגד: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אכלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עש: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Isaiah 51:8 (verbal): Uses the same image of garments consumed by moth/worm to portray sudden destruction and shame—closely parallels Job's 'like a garment eaten by moths.'
  • James 5:2-3 (verbal): Speaks of 'your garments are moth-eaten' and corrupt riches, echoing the motif of clothing ruined by pests as a sign of loss and decay.
  • Matthew 6:19-20 (thematic): Warns that earthly things are perishable ('moth and rust destroy'), employing the same trope of garments destroyed by moths to teach impermanence.
  • Luke 12:33 (thematic): Contrasts heavenly security with earthly perishability—'no thief approaches and no moth destroys'—reworking the motif of moth-eaten clothing found in Job 13:28.

Alternative generated candidates

  • So man wastes away like a rotten thing, like a garment that is moth-eaten.
  • Man wastes away like a thing of moth; he is a breath that passes away.
1 Man, born of woman, is of few days and full of trouble.

Job.14.1 - Details

Translation

Man, born of woman, is of few days and full of trouble.

Original Text

אדם ילוד אשה קצר ימים ושבע־ רגז׃

Morphology

  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ילוד: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • אשה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • קצר: ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • ימים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • ושבע: NUM,m,sg,abs
  • רגז: NOUN,m,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Psalm 39:5-6 (verbal): Speaks of life's briefness ('You have made my days a mere handbreadth') and human frailty ('man at his best is altogether vanity'), closely echoing Job 14:1's emphasis on short, troubled life.
  • Psalm 90:3-6 (thematic): Moses' meditation on the transience and toil of human life ('you return man to dust… our days are like a shadow'), thematically paralleling Job's statement about brief, unsettled existence.
  • Job 7:1-7 (structural): An earlier speech by Job lamenting the hardships and swiftness of human life ('are not his days also like the days of an hireling?... my days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle'), an immediate internal parallel within the book.
  • Psalm 103:15-16 (thematic): Compares human life to grass and a flower—brief and passing—reinforcing the motif of life's transience found in Job 14:1.

Alternative generated candidates

  • A mortal, born of woman, is of few days and full of trouble.
  • Man who is born of woman is few of days and full of trouble.
2 He comes forth like a flower and withers; he flees like a shadow and does not remain.

Job.14.2 - Details

Translation

He comes forth like a flower and withers; he flees like a shadow and does not remain.

Original Text

כציץ יצא וימל ויברח כצל ולא יעמוד׃

Morphology

  • כציץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יצא: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • וימל: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • ויברח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כצל: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יעמוד: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 103:15-16 (verbal): Man’s life ‘is like grass; he flourishes like a flower of the field’—very similar flowering-and-fading metaphor about human transience.
  • Isaiah 40:6-7 (verbal): ‘All flesh is grass...the flower fades’—uses the same grass/flower imagery to stress the brevity of life.
  • Psalm 90:5-6 (thematic): Compares human life to a dream and to grass/flowers that flourish in the morning and wither by evening—theme of ephemerality mirrors Job’s image.
  • James 4:14 (allusion): Calls life a ‘mist’ or ‘vapor’ that appears briefly—New Testament echo of the fleeting, shadowlike nature of human life found in Job 14:2.

Alternative generated candidates

  • He comes forth like a flower and withers; he flees like a shadow and does not continue.
  • He comes out like a flower and withers; he flees like a shadow and does not continue.
3 And yet you open your eyes on him and bring me into judgment with you?

Job.14.3 - Details

Translation

And yet you open your eyes on him and bring me into judgment with you?

Original Text

אף־ על־ זה פקחת עינך ואתי תביא במשפט עמך׃

Morphology

  • אף: ADV
  • על: PREP
  • זה: PRON,dem,m,sg
  • פקחת: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • עינך: NOUN,f,pl,abs+2ms
  • ואתי: PRON,1,m,sg
  • תביא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • במשפט: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עמך: NOUN,m,sg,suff-2m

Parallels

  • Job 34:21 (verbal): Directly echoes the notion that God’s eyes are upon human ways and sees all their goings—close verbal parallel within Job about divine observation and scrutiny.
  • Psalm 11:4 (verbal): ‘The LORD’s eyes behold… his eyelids try the children of men’—language of God watching and testing mirrors Job’s complaint about God opening his eyes and bringing him to judgment.
  • Psalm 139:23 (verbal): ‘Search me, O God, and know my heart; try me…’—expresses the same idea of God examining and testing the inner life of a person.
  • Proverbs 15:3 (thematic): ‘The eyes of the LORD are in every place’—the general theme that God constantly watches human actions corresponds to Job’s sense of being observed and judged.
  • Ecclesiastes 12:14 (structural): ‘For God will bring every work into judgment’—parallels the idea of being brought before divine judgment, complementing the motif of God’s scrutiny in Job 14:3.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Do you open your eyes on him and bring me into judgment with you?
  • And you would open your eyes on him and bring him into judgment with you?
4 Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one.

Job.14.4 - Details

Translation

Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one.

Original Text

מי־ יתן טהור מטמא לא אחד׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • טהור: ADJ,m,sg
  • מטמא: PREP+ADJ,m,sg,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • אחד: NUM,card,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 15:14 (verbal): Rhetorical question about human purity—very close verbal parallel within Job asking whether one born of a woman can be clean.
  • Job 25:4 (verbal): Near-verbatim parallel linking human birth and impurity: 'How then can man be righteous... or how can he be clean that is born of a woman?'
  • Proverbs 20:9 (verbal): Rhetorical denial of personal purity—'Who can say, I have made my heart clean?' echoes Job's claim that none can be clean.
  • Isaiah 64:6 (thematic): Theme of human righteousness as unclean/filthy: Isaiah's 'all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags' parallels Job's assertion that no one is clean.
  • Romans 3:10 (quotation): New Testament citation of the OT judgement 'There is none righteous, no, not one,' paralleling Job's concluding 'not one' who is clean.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one.
  • Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one.
5 Since his days are determined, the number of his months is with you; you have appointed his bounds that he cannot pass.

Job.14.5 - Details

Translation

Since his days are determined, the number of his months is with you; you have appointed his bounds that he cannot pass.

Original Text

אם חרוצים ׀ ימיו מספר־ חדשיו אתך חקיו עשית ולא יעבור׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • חרוצים: ADJ,m,pl,abs
  • ימיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • מספר: VERB,qal,impf,1,m,sg
  • חדשיו: NOUN,m,pl,abs+suff3ms
  • אתך: PREP+PRON,2,m,sg
  • חקיו: NOUN,m,sg,abs,poss:3,m,sg
  • עשית: VERB,qal,perf,2,m,sg
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יעבור: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 139:16 (verbal): Speaks of 'all the days' ordained/written by God—parallels Job's claim that the number of a man's days is with the Lord and determined by Him.
  • Psalm 31:15 (verbal): Declares 'my times are in your hand,' echoing Job's assertion that God has appointed the bounds and number of a person's days.
  • Psalm 39:4 (thematic): Asks God to show 'the measure of my days,' thematically connected to Job's concern for the fixed number and limits of human life.
  • Genesis 6:3 (structural): God announces a fixed span for human life ('his days shall be an hundred and twenty years'), reflecting the motif that God establishes limits on human lifespans as in Job 14:5.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Since his days are determined, and the number of his months is with you, you have appointed his bounds that he cannot pass.
  • Since his days are determined, the number of his months is with you; you have appointed his bounds that he cannot pass;
6 Turn from him that he may rest, till like a hired hand he has fulfilled his day.

Job.14.6 - Details

Translation

Turn from him that he may rest, till like a hired hand he has fulfilled his day.

Original Text

שעה מעליו ויחדל עד־ ירצה כשכיר יומו׃

Morphology

  • שעה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • מעליו: PREP+PRON,3,m,sg
  • ויחדל: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • ירצה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כשכיר: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יומו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+prs3ms

Parallels

  • Job 7:1 (verbal): Uses the same simile—human life compared to the day of a hireling, emphasizing laborious, limited existence.
  • Job 14:5 (structural): Immediate context: God has appointed the bounds and number of a man's days, the same theme of allotted, limited lifetime that 14:6 treats.
  • Psalm 39:4-6 (thematic): Reflects on the brevity and fragility of human life (‘my days are as a handbreadth’), echoing Job’s plea about limited, appointed days.
  • Psalm 104:23 (thematic): Depicts a human working until evening like a laborer—parallels the hireling imagery of enduring toil through an allotted day.
  • Psalm 90:10 (thematic): Speaks of the fixed span of human years (‘the days of our years are threescore years and ten’), resonating with Job’s concern about appointed and bounded days.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Turn your gaze from him that he may rest, till like a hired man he fulfill his day.
  • turn your face from him and let him alone, that he may enjoy, like a hired servant, his day.
7 There is hope for a tree: if it be cut down, it will sprout again, and its shoots will not cease.

Job.14.7 - Details

Translation

There is hope for a tree: if it be cut down, it will sprout again, and its shoots will not cease.

Original Text

כי יש לעץ תקוה אם־ יכרת ועוד יחליף וינקתו לא תחדל׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • יש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לעץ: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תקוה: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • אם: CONJ
  • יכרת: VERB,qal,imperfect,3,m,sg
  • ועוד: CONJ
  • יחליף: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וינקתו: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תחדל: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 11:1 (verbal): Uses the image of a 'branch'/'shoot' arising from a stump—hope of new growth coming from what appears cut down, paralleling Job's 'there is hope for a tree... it will sprout again.'
  • Romans 11:17-24 (thematic): Paul's olive-tree metaphor speaks of branches being cut off and the possibility of being grafted back in—a theological use of cutting and regrowth that echoes Job's theme of restoration after being cut down.
  • Psalm 92:12-14 (thematic): Portrays the righteous as trees that flourish and continue to bear fruit even in old age—similar motif of enduring vitality and renewal associated with trees.
  • Ezekiel 17:22-24 (allusion): God takes a highest shoot and plants it to grow and be exalted; the passage uses transplanting and new growth imagery to signify restoration, resonating with Job's hope of sprouting after being cut.
  • Hosea 14:5-8 (thematic): A prophetic image of Israel restored and flourishing—'his branches shall spread' and the land revive—echoing the motif of renewal and a tree's recovery after damage.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For there is hope for a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again, and that the tender branch will not cease.
  • For there is hope for a tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again, and that the tender branch will not cease.
8 Though its root grow old in the earth, and its stump die in the soil,

Job.14.8 - Details

Translation

Though its root grow old in the earth, and its stump die in the soil,

Original Text

אם־ יזקין בארץ שרשו ובעפר ימות גזעו׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • יזקין: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • בארץ: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,def
  • שרשו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms
  • ובעפר: CONJ+PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ימות: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
  • גזעו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+3ms

Parallels

  • Isaiah 11:1 (verbal): Uses the image of a 'stump' and a 'shoot' (root/shoot imagery) — close verbal and imagistic parallel to Job’s root, stump, and sprout language.
  • John 15:6 (thematic): Jesus speaks of branches that do not abide being thrown away and withering — thematically parallels the fate of a tree/branch that dies when cut off from its source of life.
  • Romans 11:17-21 (thematic): Paul’s olive-tree metaphor (roots and branches, being cut off or grafted) echoes the theme of life, death, and dependence on the root for vitality found in Job 14:8.
  • Psalm 1:3 (thematic): Portrays a tree planted by streams that prospers — a thematic counterpoint highlighting the contrast between flourishing (when rooted) and withering (when lifeless) in Job’s tree imagery.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Though its root grow old in the earth, and its stump die in the soil,
  • Though its root grow old in the earth, and the stump die in the ground,
9 at the scent of water it will bud and put forth branches like a young plant.

Job.14.9 - Details

Translation

at the scent of water it will bud and put forth branches like a young plant.

Original Text

מריח מים יפרח ועשה קציר כמו־ נטע׃

Morphology

  • מריח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • יפרח: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ועשה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • קציר: NOUN,m,sg,construct
  • כמו: PREP
  • נטע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 1:3 (verbal): Uses the same tree-by-water imagery: a tree planted by streams that bears fruit and whose leaf does not wither—parallel motif of life/flourishing sustained by water.
  • Jeremiah 17:8 (verbal): Explicitly likens a person to a tree by water that prospers and does not fear drought—similar language of rooting, water, and continued growth.
  • Isaiah 11:1 (allusion): Image of new shoot arising from a stump (Jesse) conveys renewal and life emerging from apparent death, echoing Job’s motif of revival.
  • Ezekiel 37:5-6 (thematic): Promise to revive the dry bones—theme of divine restoration and bringing life back to what seemed dead, parallel to a tree budded by water.
  • Hosea 14:6-7 (verbal): Speaks of Israel flourishing, striking root and spreading branches like trees (cedars/olive), and being refreshed—similar language of growth, rooting, and renewal by divine provision.

Alternative generated candidates

  • yet at the scent of water it will bud and put forth branches like a young plant.
  • yet at the scent of water it will bud and put out branches like a young plant.
10 But man dies and is laid low; man breathes his last and where is he?

Job.14.10 - Details

Translation

But man dies and is laid low; man breathes his last and where is he?

Original Text

וגבר ימות ויחלש ויגוע אדם ואיו׃

Morphology

  • וגבר: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ימות: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
  • ויחלש: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ויגוע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • אדם: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ואיו: ADV+PRON,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Genesis 3:19 (thematic): The pronouncement that humans return to dust echoes Job’s assertion of inevitable death and disappearance.
  • Psalm 39:5-6 (thematic): Both passages lament the brevity and transience of human life—days are few and life is fleeting before God.
  • Ecclesiastes 3:19-20 (thematic): Affirms that humans and animals share the same fate in death—‘all go to one place’—paralleling Job’s emphasis on death’s finality.
  • Psalm 90:3-6 (thematic): Uses imagery of God turning man to destruction and life like grass that withers, resonating with Job’s motif of human mortality and vanishing.
  • Job 7:7-10 (structural): Within the same speech, Job similarly describes life as a breath/wind and insists the dead do not return—an internal parallel in theme and tone.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But man dies and wastes away; man breathes his last, and where is he?
  • But man dies and is laid low; man breathes his last, and where is he?
11 As waters fail from a sea and a river wastes and dries up,

Job.14.11 - Details

Translation

As waters fail from a sea and a river wastes and dries up,

Original Text

אזלו־ מים מני־ ים ונהר יחרב ויבש׃

Morphology

  • אזלו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • מני: PREP+PRON,1,_,sg
  • ים: NOUN,m,sg,cs
  • ונהר: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יחרב: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ויבש: CONJ+VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg

Parallels

  • Isaiah 44:27 (verbal): God speaks of causing the deep to be dry and drying up rivers—language closely paralleling Job’s image of rivers exhausted and dried.
  • Isaiah 19:5 (verbal): A prophetic description of a river’s waters drying up and its bed becoming parched—very similar verbal imagery applied to natural watercourses.
  • Psalm 107:33-35 (thematic): Describes God turning rivers into deserts and springs into thirsty ground—the motif of waters removed or transformed as sign of desolation resonates with Job’s motif of drying waters.
  • Jeremiah 50:38 (thematic): Speaks of a drought against the waters of Babylon—uses the theme of waters failing as an image of judgment and ruin comparable to Job’s depiction of exhausted rivers.

Alternative generated candidates

  • As waters fail from a lake and a river wastes away and dries up,
  • As waters fail from a lake and a river wastes away and dries up,
12 so man lies down and will not rise—till the heavens are no more they will not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep.

Job.14.12 - Details

Translation

so man lies down and will not rise—till the heavens are no more they will not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep.

Original Text

ואיש שכב ולא־ יקום עד־ בלתי שמים לא יקיצו ולא־ יערו משנתם׃

Morphology

  • ואיש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • שכב: VERB,qal,inf
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יקום: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • בלתי: NEG
  • שמים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • יקיצו: VERB,qal,impf,3,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יערו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • משנתם: PREP+NOUN,f,sg,abs+PRON,3,pl

Parallels

  • Daniel 12:2 (thematic): Both texts use the sleep/awakening imagery for death and resurrection; Daniel explicitly affirms that the dead will 'awake,' which contrasts with Job’s claim that they will not rise until the heavens perish.
  • John 11:11-14 (verbal): Jesus describes death as 'sleep' when speaking of Lazarus, using the same metaphor as Job but with an expectation that God can 'awaken' the dead, offering a theological counterpoint to Job’s apparent finality.
  • 1 Corinthians 15:51-52 (verbal): Paul uses the sleep metaphor for death ('we shall not all sleep') and links it to an eschatological awakening at the trumpet—addressing the same motif of no rising until the final eschaton but asserting a future resurrection.
  • Ecclesiastes 9:5 (thematic): Ecclesiastes presents a grim view of death—'the dead know nothing'—which parallels Job’s portrayal of the dead as lying in unawakened sleep, emphasizing death’s apparent finality.

Alternative generated candidates

  • so man lies down and does not rise—till the heavens are no more they will not awake nor be roused from their sleep.
  • so man lies down and rises not; till the heavens are no more he will not awake or be roused out of his sleep.
13 Oh that you would hide me in Sheol, that you would conceal me until your wrath be past, that you would set me a time and remember me!

Job.14.13 - Details

Translation

Oh that you would hide me in Sheol, that you would conceal me until your wrath be past, that you would set me a time and remember me!

Original Text

מי יתן ׀ בשאול תצפנני תסתירני עד־ שוב אפך תשית לי חק ותזכרני׃

Morphology

  • מי: PRON,interr,sg
  • יתן: VERB,qal,imperf,3,m,sg
  • בשאול: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • תצפנני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • תסתירני: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • שוב: ADV
  • אפך: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,2,m,sg
  • תשית: VERB,qal,imperfect,2,m,sg
  • לי: PREP+PRON,1,sg
  • חק: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ותזכרני: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 88:6 (verbal): Speaks of being placed in the depths/Sheol and darkness—echoes Job’s request to be hidden in Sheol until God’s anger passes.
  • Psalm 49:15 (verbal): Expresses trust that God will ransom/receive the soul from Sheol, paralleling Job’s concern with concealment in Sheol and eventual divine remembrance.
  • Jonah 2:2 (verbal): Jonah’s prayer from ‘the belly of Sheol’ mirrors the imagery of crying out from the realm of the dead and hoping for God’s intervention and recall.
  • Psalm 6:5 (thematic): Raises the question of remembrance in death—‘in Sheol who will give you praise?’—relating to Job’s appeal to be remembered after a period in Sheol.
  • Lamentations 3:55 (thematic): The speaker calls to the LORD from the ‘low dungeon’/pit, a plea from the depths that parallels Job’s desire to be hidden and then remembered by God.

Alternative generated candidates

  • O that you would hide me in Sheol, that you would conceal me until your wrath be past; set me a time, and remember me.
  • Oh that you would hide me in Sheol, that you would conceal me until your anger be past, that you would appoint me a set time and remember me!
14 If a man dies, shall he live again? All the days of my warfare I would wait, till my change come.

Job.14.14 - Details

Translation

If a man dies, shall he live again? All the days of my warfare I would wait, till my change come.

Original Text

אם־ ימות גבר היחיה כל־ ימי צבאי איחל עד־ בוא חליפתי׃

Morphology

  • אם: CONJ
  • ימות: VERB,qal,juss,3,m,sg
  • גבר: NOUN,m,sg,prop
  • היחיה: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • כל: DET
  • ימי: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • צבאי: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • איחל: VERB,qal,impf,1,sg
  • עד: PREP
  • בוא: VERB,qal,imp,2,m,sg
  • חליפתי: NOUN,f,sg,abs

Parallels

  • Job 19:25-27 (thematic): Job expresses a personal hope that he will see God after death—an affirmation of vindication and life beyond death that parallels the question and hope in 14:14 about living again.
  • Psalm 16:10 (allusion): The psalmist's confidence that God will not abandon the soul to Sheol relates to Job's question of whether a man who dies can live again and reflects trust in divine preservation after death.
  • Isaiah 26:19 (thematic): Isaiah's proclamation that the dead shall live and their bodies shall rise echoes the theme of resurrection and hope for life after death found in Job 14:14.
  • Daniel 12:2 (thematic): Daniel's explicit statement that many who sleep in the dust will awake closely parallels Job's concern about life after death and the motif of bodily resurrection.
  • Acts 24:15 (thematic): Paul's declaration of hope in a future resurrection 'both of the just and unjust' resonates with Job's longing and question in 14:14 about whether the dead can live again.

Alternative generated candidates

  • If a man dies, shall he live again? All the days of my appointed service would I wait, till my change come.
  • If a man dies, shall he live again? All the days of my service I would wait, till my renewal should come.
15 You would call, and I would answer you; you would long for the work of your hands.

Job.14.15 - Details

Translation

You would call, and I would answer you; you would long for the work of your hands.

Original Text

תקרא ואנכי אענך למעשה ידיך תכסף׃

Morphology

  • תקרא: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • ואנכי: PRON,1,sg
  • אענך: VERB,qal,perf,1,ms
  • למעשה: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ידיך: NOUN,f,pl,cs,2ms
  • תכסף: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Ezekiel 37:5-6 (allusion): God breathes life into the dead bones—'I will cause breath to enter you, and you shall live'—paralleling Job's hope that God will call and life/respond will follow.
  • Isaiah 26:19 (thematic): Speaks of the dead rising ('your dead shall live; their bodies shall rise') and vindicates hope in divine restoration, echoing Job's expectation that God will call and renew life.
  • John 5:28-29 (verbal): Jesus says that those in the tombs will hear his voice and come out—closely paralleling the motif of a divine call provoking a response and resurrection implied in Job 14:15.
  • Hosea 6:2 (thematic): Promises restoration after death ('after two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise us up'), reflecting the same hope of renewal and God's action over death found in Job 14:15.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You would call, and I would answer you; you would long for the work of your hands.
  • You would call, and I would answer you; you would long for the work of your hands.
16 For now you number my steps; do you not watch over my sin?

Job.14.16 - Details

Translation

For now you number my steps; do you not watch over my sin?

Original Text

כי־ עתה צעדי תספור לא־ תשמור על־ חטאתי׃

Morphology

  • כי: CONJ
  • עתה: ADV
  • צעדי: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תספור: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • לא: PART_NEG
  • תשמור: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • חטאתי: VERB,qal,perf,1,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 31:4 (verbal): Very close verbal parallel — Job asks whether God does not see his ways and 'count all my steps,' echoing the idea of God numbering steps.
  • Psalm 37:23 (thematic): Speaks of the LORD establishing or ordering a man's steps, a related theme of divine oversight and guidance of human steps.
  • Proverbs 5:21 (thematic): Declares that a man's ways are before the eyes of the LORD and he weighs all his paths, paralleling the theme that God watches and accounts for human actions.
  • Psalm 56:8 (verbal): Uses the imagery of God keeping an account — 'You have taken account of my wanderings'/'put my tears in your bottle' — resonating with the motif of God numbering or recording human movements.
  • Psalm 139:16 (thematic): The idea that God has knowledge of and records a person's days ('all the days ordained for me were written in your book') parallels Job's concern that God numbers and monitors his steps.

Alternative generated candidates

  • For then you would number my steps; you would not keep watch over my sin.
  • For then you would number my steps, but you would not watch over my sin.
17 My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and you cover over my iniquity.

Job.14.17 - Details

Translation

My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and you cover over my iniquity.

Original Text

חתם בצרור פשעי ותטפל על־ עוני׃

Morphology

  • חתם: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • בצרור: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פשעי: NOUN,m,sg,suff,1,sg
  • ותטפל: CONJ+VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • על: PREP
  • עוני: NOUN,m,sg,cs+1s

Parallels

  • Psalm 32:1-2 (verbal): Speaks of transgression being forgiven and sin being 'covered' (cf. Job's image of sins sealed up), emphasizing divine removal/forgiveness of guilt.
  • Psalm 103:12 (thematic): Declares that God removes transgressions 'as far as the east is from the west,' paralleling Job's appeal to God to deal with or hide his iniquity.
  • Micah 7:18-19 (thematic): Celebrates a God who pardons and casts sins away ('will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea'), resonating with Job's motif of God consigning or sealing up his offenses.
  • Isaiah 43:25 (verbal): God states 'I, I am he who blots out your transgressions,' a direct statement of divine forgiveness that parallels Job's portrayal of God sealing away his sin.
  • Jeremiah 31:34 (allusion): Promises divine forgiveness—'I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more'—echoing Job's concern that God deal decisively with his offenses.

Alternative generated candidates

  • My transgression would be sealed up in a bag, and you would cover over my iniquity.
  • My transgression would be sealed up in a bag, and you would cover over my iniquity.
18 But the mountain falls and crumbles away, and the rock is removed from its place.

Job.14.18 - Details

Translation

But the mountain falls and crumbles away, and the rock is removed from its place.

Original Text

ואולם הר־ נופל יבול וצור יעתק ממקמו׃

Morphology

  • ואולם: CONJ
  • הר: NOUN,m,sg,cons
  • נופל: VERB,qal,part,ms,sg
  • יבול: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • וצור: CONJ+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • יעתק: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,sg
  • ממקמו: PREP

Parallels

  • Job 9:5-6 (verbal): Speaks of God’s power to remove and unsettle the earth and its foundations—language of removing mountains/rocks echoes Job 14:18’s image of a mountain/rock being displaced.
  • Psalm 97:5 (verbal): Describes mountains melting or being undone before the LORD; parallels the motif of mountains losing their stability in Job 14:18.
  • Nahum 1:5 (thematic): Images of mountains quaking and hills melting at God’s presence resonate with Job 14:18’s portrayal of a mountain/rock being removed from its place.
  • Habakkuk 3:6 (thematic): Speaks of ancient mountains being broken and everlasting hills bowing—a poetic depiction of cosmic upheaval comparable to Job 14:18’s displacement of rock and mountain.
  • Psalm 18:7-8 (structural): Describes the earth trembling and the foundations of the hills moving in theophanic upheaval, paralleling Job 14:18’s image of geological disturbance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But the mountain falls and crumbles away, and the rock is removed from its place.
  • But the mountain falls away, and rock is removed from its place,
19 Waters wear away the stones; torrents wash away their surface; you destroy the hope of man.

Job.14.19 - Details

Translation

Waters wear away the stones; torrents wash away their surface; you destroy the hope of man.

Original Text

אבנים ׀ שחקו מים תשטף־ ספיחיה עפר־ ארץ ותקות אנוש האבדת׃

Morphology

  • אבנים: NOUN,f,pl,abs
  • שחקו: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,pl
  • מים: NOUN,m,pl,abs
  • תשטף: VERB,qal,impf,3,f,sg
  • ספיחיה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • עפר: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ארץ: NOUN,f,sg,abs
  • ותקות: NOUN,f,sg,cons
  • אנוש: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • האבדת: VERB,hifil,perf,2,m,sg

Parallels

  • Job 14:12 (structural): Same pericope on human mortality and the end of human hope—'man lies down and does not rise,' reinforcing the theme of vanished hope present in 14:19.
  • Lamentations 3:18 (verbal): Uses the language of lost hope ('my hope is perished'), echoing Job's lament that the hope of man has been destroyed.
  • Psalm 102:25-27 (thematic): Speaks of creation and creatures wearing out ('they will perish, but you remain' / 'they will wear out like a garment'), paralleling the image of stones worn away and human transience.
  • Isaiah 40:6-8 (thematic): Proclaims 'all flesh is grass' and the fleeting nature of human life, thematically consonant with Job's depiction of hopes and things being swept away.
  • Psalm 90:5-6 (thematic): Describes human life being carried away like a flood and fading like grass—similar imagery of destruction by water and the transience of human hope.

Alternative generated candidates

  • Water wears away stones; its torrents wash away the dust of the earth; so you destroy man’s hope.
  • waters wear away stones; floods wash away the dust of the earth; so you destroy the hope of man.
20 You overpower him forever, and he departs; you change his countenance and send him away.

Job.14.20 - Details

Translation

You overpower him forever, and he departs; you change his countenance and send him away.

Original Text

תתקפהו לנצח ויהלך משנה פניו ותשלחהו׃

Morphology

  • תתקפהו: VERB,qal,impf,2,m,sg
  • לנצח: PREP+NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • ויהלך: VERB,qal,wayyiqtol,3,m,sg
  • משנה: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • פניו: NOUN,m,pl,cons+3,m,sg
  • ותשלחהו: VERB,qal,perf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Psalm 13:1 (verbal): Direct verbal parallel — the psalmist asks, 'How long, O LORD? Will you forget me forever? Will you hide your face from me?' same imagery of God hiding His face from the sufferer.
  • Psalm 88:14 (verbal): Uses the same language of abandonment and hidden face: 'O LORD, why do you cast off my soul? Why do you hide your face?'
  • Exodus 33:20-23 (allusion): Related motif of God concealing His face — God tells Moses no one may see His face, only His back, paralleling Job's theme of divine withdrawal and hidden presence.
  • Isaiah 54:8 (verbal): God explicitly says He 'hid My face' in anger for a moment — a theologically parallel statement about divine hiding/turning away during wrath.
  • Numbers 6:25-26 (thematic): Uses the complementary imagery of God's countenance ('The LORD make His face shine upon you...'), offering a theological contrast to Job's depiction of God turning His face away.

Alternative generated candidates

  • You prevail forever against him, and he passes; you change his countenance and send him away.
  • You prevail for ever against him, and he passes; you change his countenance, and send him away.
21 His sons come to honor, and he knows it not; they are brought low, and he perceives it not.

Job.14.21 - Details

Translation

His sons come to honor, and he knows it not; they are brought low, and he perceives it not.

Original Text

יכבדו בניו ולא ידע ויצערו ולא־ יבין למו׃

Morphology

  • יכבדו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • בניו: NOUN,m,pl,cs
  • ולא: CONJ
  • ידע: VERB,qal,perf,3,m,sg
  • ויצערו: VERB,qal,impf,3,m,pl
  • ולא: CONJ
  • יבין: NOUN,m,sg,abs
  • למו: PREP+PRON,3,m,pl

Parallels

  • Ecclesiastes 9:5-6 (thematic): Both passages stress the incapacity of the dead to perceive or respond — 'the dead know nothing' parallels Job's image of a man who does not know when his children honor him.
  • Psalm 115:17 (verbal): Psalm states that 'the dead do not praise the LORD' / 'those who go down to silence' — similar language of unawareness and inactivity after death echoed in Job's 'he does not know' and 'does not understand.'
  • Psalm 146:4 (thematic): Speaks of human breath departing and plans perishing the same day, aligning with Job's depiction of a person who, in weakness or death, no longer perceives honors or sorrows of his children.
  • Leviticus 19:32 (thematic): Commands honouring the aged ('stand up before the gray head'), providing a legal/ethical background to the motif of children honouring an elder even when that elder is no longer aware, as in Job 14:21.

Alternative generated candidates

  • His sons come to honor, and he knows it not; they are brought low, and he perceives it not.
  • His sons come to honor, and he does not know it; they are brought low, and he does not perceive it.
22 But his flesh upon him has pain, and his soul within him mourns.

Job.14.22 - Details

Translation

But his flesh upon him has pain, and his soul within him mourns.

Original Text

אך־ בשרו עליו יכאב ונפשו עליו תאבל׃

Morphology

  • אך: PART
  • בשרו: NOUN,m,sg,abs+PRON,3,m,sg
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • יכאב: VERB,qal,imprf,3,m,sg
  • ונפשו: NOUN,f,sg,suff
  • עליו: PREP,3,m,sg
  • תאבל: VERB,qal,imprf,3,f,sg

Parallels

  • Job 30:16 (verbal): Within Job itself—expresses the same combination of bodily affliction and inward desolation: “my soul is poured out within me; days of affliction have taken hold upon me.”
  • Psalm 38:3 (verbal): Speaks of bodily suffering under divine displeasure—“There is no soundness in my flesh” — paralleling Job’s emphasis on pain in the flesh.
  • Psalm 31:10 (thematic): Describes life consumed by grief and bodily weakening—“my life is spent with grief… my bones are consumed”—echoing the dual bodily and soul distress in Job 14:22.
  • Lamentations 3:19-20 (thematic): The poet recalls and dwells on suffering—“Remember my affliction… my soul hath them still in remembrance”—similar theme of inner mourning alongside affliction.
  • Romans 8:22-23 (thematic): New Testament parallel of creation and persons groaning in bodily suffering and longing for relief—echoes the motif of physical pain coupled with inner sorrow or longing for deliverance.

Alternative generated candidates

  • But his flesh upon him has pain, and his soul within him mourns.
  • But his flesh upon him will have pain, and his soul within him will mourn.

Then Job answered and said:

Truly you are the people, and with you wisdom will die.

For even my heart is like yours; I am not inferior to you. Who does not know such things as these?

I am a jest to my friends; I call to God, and he answers—yet the upright and blameless are mocked.

A scornful taunt for the secure, a byword for those at ease in their feast.

He gives confidence to the tents of plunderers and makes secure the possessions of those who provoke him, whom God hands over to their scheme. But ask the beasts, and they will teach you; and the birds of the heavens will tell you;

or speak to the earth, and it will instruct you; and the fish of the sea will declare to you.

Who does not know in all these that the hand of the LORD has done this?

In his hand is the life of every living thing and the breath of all mankind.

Does not the ear test words, as the palate tastes food?

With the aged is wisdom, and in length of days understanding.

With God are wisdom and might; he has counsel and understanding.

Behold, he breaks down and it cannot be rebuilt; he shuts a man in, and there is no release.

Behold, he withholds the waters, and they dry up; he sends them out, and they overturn the earth.

With him are strength and prudence; the deceived and the deceiver belong to him.

He leads counselors astray and makes judges fools.

He takes away the discernment of chiefs and strips the loins of those in authority.

He misleads priests and perverts the cause of the elders.

He removes the speech from faithful ones and takes away the understanding of the aged.

He pours contempt upon nobles and loosens the girdle of the mighty.

He uncovers things long hidden, and brings deep darkness into the light.

He makes nations great, and he destroys them; he enlarges nations, and leads them away.

He takes away the heart of the chiefs of the people of the earth and makes them wander in a pathless waste.

They grope in darkness without light and stagger like a drunken man.

Lo, my eye has seen all this, my ear has heard it and understood it.

As you know, so do I; I am not inferior to you. But I would speak to the Almighty, and I desire to reason with God. But you are forgers of falsehood, you are all worthless physicians.

O that you would be silent; it would be wisdom for you.

Hear now my reasoning, and listen to the pleadings of my lips.

Will you speak wickedly for God? Will you speak deceitfully for him?

Will you show partiality for him? Will you contend for God?

Will it be good when he examines you? Will you be impious toward a mortal and be justified?

He will surely reprove you if in secret you show partiality.

Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you?

Your maxims are proverbs of ashes; your defenses are clay.

Be silent before me, and let me speak; and after I have spoken, mock on.

Why should I take my flesh between my teeth and put my life in my hand?

Though he slay me, I will hope in him; yet I will argue my ways before him.

This also will be my salvation: for a godless man shall not come before him.

Listen diligently to my speech, and let my declaration be in your ears.

Behold, I have set my case; I know that I shall be vindicated.

Who is there who will contend with me? If I hold my tongue, I shall give up the ghost.

Only two things do not do to me; then will I not hide myself from your face:

Remove your hand far from me, and let not dread of you terrify me.

Then call, and I will answer; or let me speak, and you reply to me.

How many are my iniquities and sins? Make me know my transgression and my sin.

Why do you hide your face and count me as your enemy?

Will you lift up a leaf driven to and fro, and pursue dry stubble?

For you write bitter things against me and make me inherit the iniquities of my youth.

You put my feet in the stocks and watch all my paths; you set a limit for the soles of my feet. But he is a broken thing, a rotting garment eaten by moths.

Man, born of woman, is of few days and full of trouble.

He comes forth like a flower and withers; he flees like a shadow and does not remain. And yet you open your eyes on him and bring me into judgment with you?

Who can bring a clean thing out of an unclean? No one.

Since his days are determined, the number of his months is with you; you have appointed his bounds that he cannot pass.

Turn from him that he may rest, till like a hired hand he has fulfilled his day.

There is hope for a tree: if it be cut down, it will sprout again, and its shoots will not cease.

Though its root grow old in the earth, and its stump die in the soil,

at the scent of water it will bud and put forth branches like a young plant. But man dies and is laid low; man breathes his last and where is he?

As waters fail from a sea and a river wastes and dries up,

so man lies down and will not rise—till the heavens are no more they will not awake, nor be roused out of their sleep.

Oh that you would hide me in Sheol, that you would conceal me until your wrath be past, that you would set me a time and remember me!

If a man dies, shall he live again? All the days of my warfare I would wait, till my change come.

You would call, and I would answer you; you would long for the work of your hands.

For now you number my steps; do you not watch over my sin?

My transgression is sealed up in a bag, and you cover over my iniquity. But the mountain falls and crumbles away, and the rock is removed from its place.

Waters wear away the stones; torrents wash away their surface; you destroy the hope of man.

You overpower him forever, and he departs; you change his countenance and send him away.

His sons come to honor, and he knows it not; they are brought low, and he perceives it not. But his flesh upon him has pain, and his soul within him mourns.