The Lord of Peace and Paul's Final Greeting
2 Thessalonians 3:16-18
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2Thess.3.16 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Αυτος: PRON,nom,sg,m
- δε: CONJ
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- της: ART,gen,sg,f
- ειρηνης: NOUN,gen,sg,f
- δωη: VERB,aor,act,opt,3,sg
- υμιν: PRON,dat,pl,2
- την: ART,acc,sg,f
- ειρηνην: NOUN,acc,sg,f
- δια: PREP
- παντος: ADJ,gen,sg,masc
- εν: PREP
- παντι: PRON,dat,sg,m
- τροπω: NOUN,dat,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- κυριος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- μετα: PREP
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- Romans 15:33 (verbal): Final benediction: "Now the God of peace be with you all" closely parallels the petition that the Lord of peace give you peace and be with you all.
- 2 Corinthians 13:11-14 (structural): Concluding exhortation and benediction: calls for peace and unity followed by a closing blessing—"The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ... be with you all"—mirrors 2 Thess 3:16's peace- and presence-formula.
- Hebrews 13:20-21 (allusion): Uses the title "God of peace" and prays for empowerment to do God's will; echoes theological theme of God/Christ as the source and giver of peace.
- Romans 16:20 (thematic): Speaks of the Lord (or God) of peace acting on believers' behalf (crushing Satan under your feet), reflecting the Pauline theme of the Lord as active guarantor of peace for the community.
Alternative generated candidates
- Now may the Lord of peace himself grant you peace always and in every way. The Lord be with you all.
- Now may the Lord of peace himself grant you peace in every way and in every place. The Lord be with you all.
2Thess.3.17 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- Ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- ασπασμος: NOUN,nom,sg,m
- τη: ART,dat,sg,f
- εμη: PRON,poss,dat,sg,f
- χειρι: NOUN,dat,sg,fem
- Παυλου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ο: ART,nom,sg,m
- εστιν: VERB,pres,act,ind,3,sg
- σημειον: NOUN,acc,sg,n
- εν: PREP
- παση: ADJ,dat,sg,f
- επιστολη·ουτως: NOUN,dat,sg,f + ADV
- γραφω: VERB,pres,act,ind,1,sg
Parallels
- 1 Corinthians 16:21 (verbal): Paul explicitly states he writes the greeting with his own hand—same autograph-closing formula as 2 Thess 3:17.
- Colossians 4:18 (verbal): Paul again declares, "I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand," using the same personal-signature language (here adding a reference to his chains).
- Galatians 6:11 (verbal): "See with what large letters I am writing to you with my own hand"—a closely related claim about Paul's own handwriting used to authenticate the letter.
- Philemon 19 (verbal): Paul states, "I, Paul, write this with my own hand," employing the same autobiographical autograph remark to validate the letter's authority.
Alternative generated candidates
- I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand—this is the distinguishing mark in every letter; thus I write.
- I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand—this is the distinguishing mark in every letter; thus I write.
2Thess.3.18 - Details
Translation
Original Text
Morphology
- η: ART,nom,sg,f
- χαρις: NOUN,nom,sg,f
- του: ART,gen,sg,n
- κυριου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- ημων: PRON,gen,pl,1
- Ιησου: NOUN,gen,sg,m
- Χριστου: PROPN,gen,sg,m
- μετα: PREP
- παντων: ADJ,gen,pl,m
- υμων: PRON,gen,pl,2
Parallels
- 1 Thessalonians 5:28 (verbal): An almost identical closing benediction—Paul ends the earlier Thessalonian letter with the same phrase, 'The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.'
- Galatians 6:18 (verbal): Same Pauline benediction wording, with the slight variant 'with your spirit' (common closing formula across Paul's letters).
- Philippians 4:23 (verbal): Another close verbal parallel in Paul's letter closings: 'The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit,' showing the recurring grace-benison formula.
- 2 Corinthians 13:14 (thematic): Contains 'the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ' as part of a fuller trinitarian benediction—themically related as a closing blessing invoking Christ's grace upon the recipients.
Alternative generated candidates
- The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
- The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
May the Lord of peace himself grant you peace at all times and in every way. The Lord be with you all.
I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand—this is the distinctive mark in every one of my letters.
The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.